Psychopompeia, clefts in the rock through which the souls can pass out into the upper world. In the middle of the city of Athens, in a natural chasm on the Areiopagos, underworld beings were reputed to have their home.?4 The most striking denial of the separation between the living and the underworld, such as was demanded by Homeric theology, was at Hermione. Here, behind the temple of Chthonia lay a sacred precinct of Plouton or Klymenos with a chasm in the ground through which Herakles had once brought up Kerberos to the earth-and an " Acher-usian Lake ''.2® So near did the spirit world seem here, that the people of Hermione did not give their dead the usual coin to pay the fare of Charon, the ferryman of the dead
— Erwin Rohde
Hermione's dead were buried without the coin for Charon because they didn't need it. The underworld was so close there — the chasm still open, Kerberos hauled back through it once already, the Acherusian lake sitting behind the temple like a permanent scar in the ground — that the long river crossing the Homeric dead required simply didn't apply. Distance had not yet been installed.
This is what Rohde is quietly tracking across the whole of *Psyche*: the progressive installation of distance between the living and the dead, between the upper world and the under one. Homer's theology requires separation, and that requirement is itself a theological position, not a neutral description of religious geography. Some communities — Hermione, the Areopagus cleft — resisted it long enough that we can still read the resistance in the ritual. They kept burying their dead without the coin. The gesture says: the journey isn't that long. The other side isn't that other.
What you meet in this passage is the moment before depth becomes distance, before the underworld hardens from a porous neighboring country into a jurisdiction requiring paperwork. That hardening will take centuries to complete. But its completion is what makes depth psychology possible as a discipline — because once the soul's country became somewhere else, it had to be recovered.
Erwin Rohde·Psyche: The Cult of Souls and the Belief in Immortality among the Greeks·1894