Hillman Writes

The daimon then becomes the source of human ethics, and the happy life-what the Greeks called eudaimonia-is the life that is good for the daimon. Not only does it bless us with its calling, we bless it with our style of following. Since "back" of the daimon are the invisibles, the ethics that please the daimon cannot be made clear and standardized. Good habits to make good character and therefore a good life cannot conform with Boy Scout principles. Instead the ethics will be daimonic and inscrutable, and will include the character of Elias Canetti going for his sister with an ax for the sake of words and of Ingmar Bergman wanting to knife his traitorous school friend for the sake of a secret fascination. It will even include the character of the Bad Seeds. The claims of the daimon do not always accord with reason, but follow their own irrational necessity. Tragic flaws and character disorders have an inhuman quality, as if following invisible orders.

— James Hillman

Hillman is dismantling something you probably absorbed before you were old enough to argue with it: the idea that good character is achieved, built up through right habit, chosen as one chooses a dietary discipline. Aristotle handed down the template, and every self-improvement tradition since has been running the same firmware — virtue as accumulation, ethics as reliable practice, the good life as the reward for consistency. The daimon will not sit inside that frame. It is not a faculty you cultivate; it already has its own agenda, and the agenda is not legible in advance.

What sharpens here is Hillman's insistence on the irrational necessity. Canetti going for his sister with an ax for the sake of language, Bergman's childhood fury in service of some fascination he could not yet name — these are not admissions of failure that were later redeemed. They are the shape the daimon took, the calling pressing through whatever gap the moment offered. Eudaimonia does not mean psychological health in the modern clinical sense; it means the daemon is faring well, which may look nothing like stability. The ethics involved are inscrutable because they answer to something prior to the codes we have agreed to honor, something that was already formed before the self was formed, already summoning before there was a life into which the summons could arrive.


James Hillman·The Soul's Code: In Search of Character and Calling·1996