As we have already pointed out, it is consistent with the conscious-unconscious structure of the opposites that the unconscious should be regarded as predominantly feminine, and consciousness as predominantly masculine. This correlation is self-evident, because the unconscious, alike in its capacity to bring to birth and to destroy through absorption, has feminine affinities. The feminine is conceived mythologically under the aspect of this archetype; uroboros and Great Mother are both feminine dominants, and all the psychic constellations over which they rule are under the dominance of the unconscious. Conversely, its opposite, the system of ego consciousness, is masculine. With it are associated the qualities of volition, decision, and activity as contrasted with the determinism and blind "drives" of the preconscious, egoless state.
— Erich Neumann
Neumann is working inside a polarity that has its own history, and that history matters here. The correlation he calls "self-evident" — feminine equals unconscious, masculine equals conscious — was not self-evident to Homer. The pre-Platonic soul had no such clean axis. *Thūmos*, *phrenes*, *noos*: these were gendered in complicated and inconsistent ways, and the ego that Neumann builds his entire developmental arc around had not yet been architecturally separated from the unconscious field it would later claim to govern. The polarity feels self-evident precisely because two and a half millennia of pneumatic philosophy have made it feel that way.
What Neumann gives you with "volition, decision, and activity" is ego-consciousness packaged as achievement — the implied story being that the hero's emergence from the uroboric feminine is development, maturation, the good movement of psychic life. But listen to what gets left in the feminine column: blindness, determinism, absorption, destruction. The soul's complexity does not disappear when it is coded as pathology. It waits. The "blind drives" Neumann describes as pre-egoic are not failures of consciousness; they may be the only place something real is still speaking, beneath the architecture that declared them primitive.
Erich Neumann·The Origins and History of Consciousness (Princeton·2019