For me a symbol is the sensuously perceptible expression of an inner experience. A religious experience strives for expression and can be expressed only "symbolically" because it transcends understanding. It must be expressed one way or another, for therein is revealed its immanent vital force. It wants to step over, as it were, into visible life, to take concrete shape. (The spirit shows its effective power only in the reshaping of matter.) An idol is a petrified symbol used stercotypically for "magical" effects. It can have this fascinating effect so long as it touches those lavers of the unconscious from which the symbol arose (somewhere else, i.e., with other people). Its effect is just the opposite of the symbol's. The symbol is an expression of the enrichment of consciousness
— C.G. Jung
Jung draws a line here that most spiritual practice quietly ignores: the difference between a symbol and an idol is not a difference in content but in relation. The same image — cross, mandala, divine name — can operate as either, depending on whether it still touches the living layer from which it emerged, or whether it has been fixed into a reliable mechanism for producing a predetermined effect. An idol works, which is the trouble. It delivers the feeling, the sense of contact, the temporary easing of whatever presses from below. The soul reaches for it precisely because it performs.
But performance is not expression, and this is where Jung's parenthetical earns its weight: the spirit shows its effective power only in the reshaping of matter. A symbol costs something. It requires that consciousness actually move — that something be taken in, altered, incorporated. The idol spares you that cost by offering the sensation of the sacred without the demand of it. You can repeat it indefinitely, and the repetition is exactly what betrays the idol as idol: a living symbol cannot be used the same way twice, because the psyche it expressed has shifted. If the image stays stable while you keep changing, it has already become stone. The enrichment Jung names at the end of this passage is not what the idol prevents — it is what the idol mimics, convincingly enough to keep the real thing at a distance.
C.G. Jung·Letters Volume 1: 1906-1950·1973