There is one striking difference between the hero myth and the initiation rite. The typical hero figures exhaust their efforts in achieving the goal of their ambitions; in short, they become successful even if immediately after-ward they are punished or killed for their hybris. In contrast to this, the novice for initia-tion is called upon to give up willful ambition and all desire and to submit to the ordeal. He must be willing to experience this trial without hope of success. In fact, he must be prepared to die; and though the token of his ordeal may be mild (a period of fasting, the knocking out of a tooth, or tattooing) or agonizing (the inflic-tion of the wounds of circumcision, subincision, or other mutilations), the purpose remains always the same: to create the symbolic mood of death from which may spring the symbolic mood of rebirth.
— Carl Gustav Jung
The hero completes the circuit of desire — acquires the object, scales the peak, wins the bride — and the myth registers this as success even when punishment follows immediately. What the initiation rite asks for is structurally different, and the difference cuts deeper than it first appears. The novice is not invited to desire more wisely, to aim at a better goal, to refine ambition into something worthy of a longer life. He is asked to let the entire mechanism of "if I obtain enough, I will not suffer" fail completely, deliberately, under supervision, without the emergency exit of hope.
The rite accomplishes this by staging death before anything new can be claimed. The tooth knocked out, the wound that does not heal quickly, the fast that makes the body its own ordeal — these are not metaphors for difficulty. They are the actual interruption of the willing self, the self that constructs goals and pursues them. What Jung is pointing at is the difference between a psychology of achievement and a psychology of transformation: the first moves through the world accumulating; the second passes through a condition in which accumulation becomes meaningless. Rebirth follows not because the initiate earned it but because he was genuinely prepared not to.
Carl Gustav Jung·Man and His Symbols·1964