The primitive mentality does not invent myths, it experiences them. Myths are original revelations of the preconscious psyche, involuntary statements about unconscious psychic happenings, and anything but allegories of physical processes.7 Such allegories would be an idle amusement for an unscientific intellect. Myths, on the contrary, have a vital meaning. Not merely do they represent, they are the psychic life of the primitive tribe, which immediately falls to pieces and decays when it loses its mythological heritage, like a man who has lost his soul. A tribe's mythology is its living religion, whose loss is always and everywhere, even among the civilized, a moral catastrophe. But religion is a vital link with psychic processes independent of and beyond consciousness, in the dark hinterland of the psyche. Many of these unconscious processes may be indirectly occasioned by consciousness, but never by conscious choice. Others appear to arise spontaneously, that is to say, from no discernible or demonstrable conscious cause.
— Carl Gustav Jung
Jung's insistence that myth is *experienced*, not invented, cuts against the entire allegorical tradition — the one that reads Hermes as a symbol of communication, Aphrodite as a personification of erotic feeling, and calls this interpretation. Allegory is a translation project: it takes an image and renders it as an idea, domesticating the numinous into the manageable. What Jung is pointing at is prior to that operation. The tribe does not produce mythology the way a poet produces metaphors; it lives inside myth the way a body lives inside a nervous system. Lose the myth and you lose the connective tissue between consciousness and the unconscious processes that were never under conscious governance to begin with.
The phrase "a man who has lost his soul" is not rhetorical flourish — it is a clinical description of what happens when the images that held the psyche's contents in relation to one another stop functioning. The tribe falls to pieces; so does the individual. What replaces the lost mythology is not nothing. It is anxiety organized into ideology, or the desperate search for a surrogate frame — something to carry the weight the myth once held without showing its seams. Jung's point is that consciousness cannot manufacture what myth supplied; the processes that generated the original images are still running, still producing, still entirely indifferent to what the intellect decides to believe.
Carl Gustav Jung·The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious·1959