Four stages [of the alchemical opus] are distinguished, characterized by the original colors mentioned in Heraclitus: melanosis (blackening), leukosis (whitening), xanthosis (yellowing), and iosis (reddening) ... Later, about the fifteenth or sixteenth century, the colors were reduced to three, and the xanthosis, otherwise called the citrinitas, gradually fell into disuse or was but seldom mentioned ... There were only three colors: black, white, and red. The first main goal of the process ... highly prized by many alchemists ... is the silver or moon condition, which has still to be raised to the sun condition. The albedo [whitening] is, so to speak, the daybreak, but not till the rubedo is it sunrise.
— James Hillman
The vanishing of yellow is not a small editorial decision. When citrinitas dropped out of alchemical reckoning somewhere in the fifteenth or sixteenth century, the opus lost its most awkward passage — the interval between the moon's cool clarity and the sun's full heat, the moment when daybreak is genuinely ambiguous and neither silver nor gold can claim the sky. Three colors are cleaner. They move with a logic the mind can track: dissolution, purification, completion. Four colors stall. They insist on a middle ground that refuses to resolve.
Hillman is pointing at what gets cut when a process is made more manageable. The albedo has real appeal — lucidity, withdrawal from the world's noise, the chill beauty of something clarified. It is easy to mistake that for an arrival. The alchemists who collapsed the schema to three were not careless; they were, perhaps, relieved. Citrinitas forces the question of what happens after clarity and before warmth, in the suspension where neither lunar nor solar grammar quite applies. That interval is precisely where most inner work stalls — not in the blackening, which at least has the dignity of crisis, but in the long pale morning when something has whitened and nothing has yet caught fire.
James Hillman·Alchemical Psychology·2010