The fons et origo of dream study in our culture begins under the aegis of Apollo. Describing the effects and qualities of the major gods, Artemidorus considers Apollo a helper of seers and philosophers. He gives them wisdom and brings renown and success. Apollo uncovers hidden things for he is identified with Helios, the personified sun, and called Phoibos - the shining light. As Helios, Apollo wakes us each from our sleep and cheers us on to our work. Further, he brings ruin to underworld thieves and underhanded swindlers because he reveals all things in public view (II, 35-36). The idea that the dream is a disguise, yet that its hidden meaning can be brought to light, comes originally in our tradition from Artemidorus, and behind him, Apollo. Nietzsche, in his way, continues the idea, calling Apollo, god of dreams, because in dreams we have direct apprehension of form without matter, forms lit by their own light. Pulp manuals of dream symbols as well as sophisticated texts like Freud's still follow the Apollonic method of converting the obscure into daylight. Freud, in fact, said a dream uninterpreted is like a letter unopened. From antiquity until today the Apollonic method of translating the enigma of the dream into useful knowledge has prevailed. (For Artemidorus, useful for prognosis and prophesy; for Freud, useful for self-knowledge, much as at Delphi: "know-thyself.") We do not realize the overwhelming power of Apollo ingrained in our mental set, and the blinding consequents of that light.
— James Hillman
Every method that treats the dream as a problem to be solved — a code, a symptom, a letter with a message inside — inherits Apollo before it inherits anything else. Freud thought he was breaking with antiquity; he was deepening its groove. The sun-logic says: illuminate, translate, make useful. Know thyself at Delphi; know your complexes in Vienna; know your shadow in Zurich. The light varies in color, the epistemology stays constant. And what gets lost in that constancy is worth naming: Apollo does not tolerate the dark room. He brings ruin to underworld thieves — those who move in shadow without declaring their purpose to daylight.
Hillman's word is "blinding." Not irradiation, not clarity — blinding. When the dream must mean something usable, when the image must be cracked open and its nutrition extracted, the image itself burns away in the process. The night that generated it is treated as an obstacle rather than a medium. If there is another way to hear a dream — one that does not immediately convert the obscure into daylight, that lets the image remain opaque long enough to do what only opacity does — it cannot begin until the Apollonic reflex is caught in the act. That is what Hillman is doing here: catching it, not condemning it. The light is real. The blinding is also real.
James Hillman·Mythic Figures·2007