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cosmic

ἀνάγκη

ananke

Necessity, compulsion — the force that admits no alternative

Etymology

What must be borne because there is no escape. Ananke differs from moira (portion) in that it emphasizes the absence of choice. Even gods acknowledge ananke — it is the constraint that binds the cosmos itself.

Why ananke matters

Ananke names the force that operates prior to will — the wall that forecloses every alternative before deliberation begins. Where moira distributes fate as allotment, ananke compels as physical constraint: the word's root carries the sense of something pressed against the body, borne rather than chosen. Plato elevates ananke to a cosmological principle in the Timaeus, making it the co-creator of the world alongside nous, rationality persuading necessity but never abolishing it. The gods themselves yield before ananke, the one power in the Greek universe that transcends even divine authority.

ananke in the corpus

354 instances
354 passages
63% in direct speech

Which characters in Homer use ananke most?

Related terms

Distribution by work

Republic
94
Rhetoric
38
Discourses
37
Timaeus
25
Phaedo
24
Gorgias
21
Phaedrus
20
Nicomachean Ethics
19
Meditations
17
The Odyssey
12
The Iliad
9
Symposium
6
Meno
5
Hebrews
4
1 Corinthians
3
2 Corinthians
3
Luke
2
Theogony
2
Hymn to Demeter
2
Pythian Odes
2
Apology
2
Matthew
1
Romans
1
1 Thessalonians
1
Philemon
1
Works and Days
1
Hymn to Aphrodite
1
Olympian Odes
1

Key passages

Showing 30 of 354 passages containing ἀνάγκη.

The Iliad 5.633–646 Tlepolemus

Σαρπῆδον Λυκίων βουληφόρε, τίς τοι ἀνάγκη πτώσσειν ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντι μάχης ἀδαήμονι φωτί; ψευδόμενοι δέ σέ φασι Διὸς γόνον αἰγιόχοιο εἶναι, ἐπεὶ πολλὸν κείνων ἐπιδεύεαι ἀνδρῶν οἳ Διὸς ἐξεγένοντο ἐπὶ προτέρ...

They speak but a lie that say thou art sprung from Zeus that beareth the aegis, seeing thou art inferior far to those warriors that were sprung from Zeus in the days of men of old. Of other sort, men...

The Iliad 9.308–429 Achilles

διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ χρὴ μὲν δὴ τὸν μῦθον ἀπηλεγέως ἀποειπεῖν, ᾗ περ δὴ φρονέω τε καὶ ὡς τετελεσμένον ἔσται, ὡς μή μοι τρύζητε παρήμενοι ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος. ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος ὁμῶς Ἀΐδα...

and as it shall be brought to pass, that ye sit not by me here on this side and on that and prate endlessly. For hateful in my eyes, even as the gates of Hades, is that man that hideth one thing in h...

The Iliad 9.677–692 Odysseus

Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον κεῖνός γʼ οὐκ ἐθέλει σβέσσαι χόλον, ἀλλʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον πιμπλάνεται μένεος, σὲ δʼ ἀναίνεται ἠδὲ σὰ δῶρα. αὐτόν σε φράζεσθαι ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἄνωγεν ὅππως κεν νῆάς τε σαῷ...

For thine own self he biddeth thee to take counsel amid the Argives how thou mayest save the ships and the host of the Achaeans. But himself he threateneth that at break of day he will launch upon th...

The Iliad 10.413–422 Dolon

τοὶ γὰρ ἐγώ τοι ταῦτα μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως καταλέξω. Ἕκτωρ μὲν μετὰ τοῖσιν, ὅσοι βουληφόροι εἰσί, βουλὰς βουλεύει θείου παρὰ σήματι Ἴλου νόσφιν ἀπὸ φλοίσβου· φυλακὰς δʼ ἃς εἴρεαι ἥρως οὔ τις κεκριμένη ῥύεται...

is holding council by the tomb of godlike Ilus, away from the turmoil; but as touching the guards whereof thou askest, O warrior, no special guard keepeth or watcheth the host. By all the watch-fires...

The Iliad 11.143–157

ἦ, καὶ Πείσανδρον μὲν ἀφʼ ἵππων ὦσε χαμᾶζε δουρὶ βαλὼν πρὸς στῆθος· ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος οὔδει ἐρείσθη. Ἱππόλοχος δʼ ἀπόρουσε, τὸν αὖ χαμαὶ ἐξενάριξε χεῖρας ἀπὸ ξίφεϊ τμήξας ἀπό τʼ αὐχένα κόψας, ὅλμον δʼ ὣς ἔσ...

But Hippolochus leapt down, and him he slew upon the ground, and shearing off his arms with the sword, and striking off his head, sent him rolling, like a round stone, amid the throng. These then he ...

The Iliad 12.173–187

ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδὲ Διὸς πεῖθε φρένα ταῦτʼ ἀγορεύων· Ἕκτορι γάρ οἱ θυμὸς ἐβούλετο κῦδος ὀρέξαι. ἄλλοι δʼ ἀμφʼ ἄλλῃσι μάχην ἐμάχοντο πύλῃσιν· ἀργαλέον δέ με ταῦτα θεὸν ὣς πάντʼ ἀγορεῦσαι· πάντῃ γὰρ περὶ τεῖ...

But others were fighting in battle about the other gates, and hard were it for me, as though I were a god, to tell the tale of all these things, for everywhere about the wall of stone rose the wondrou...

The Iliad 14.110–132 Diomedes

ἐγγὺς ἀνήρ· οὐ δηθὰ ματεύσομεν· αἴ κʼ ἐθέλητε πείθεσθαι, καὶ μή τι κότῳ ἀγάσησθε ἕκαστος οὕνεκα δὴ γενεῆφι νεώτατός εἰμι μεθʼ ὑμῖν· πατρὸς δʼ ἐξ ἀγαθοῦ καὶ ἐγὼ γένος εὔχομαι εἶναι Τυδέος, ὃν Θήβῃσι χυ...

Near by is that man; not long shall we seek him, if so be ye are minded to give ear, and be no wise vexed and wroth, each one of you, for that in years I am the youngest among you. Nay, but of a goodl...

The Iliad 15.647–660

τῇ ὅ γʼ ἐνὶ βλαφθεὶς πέσεν ὕπτιος, ἀμφὶ δὲ πήληξ σμερδαλέον κονάβησε περὶ κροτάφοισι πεσόντος. Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὀξὺ νόησε, θέων δέ οἱ ἄγχι παρέστη, στήθεϊ δʼ ἐν δόρυ πῆξε, φίλων δέ μιν ἐγγὺς ἑταίρων κτεῖνʼ· ο...

and fixed his spear in his breast, and slew him hard by his dear comrades; and they availed not to aid him, albeit they sorrowed for their comrade; for themselves were sore adread of goodly Hector. An...

The Iliad 20.200–258 Aeneas

Πηλεΐδη μὴ δὴ ἐπέεσσί με νηπύτιον ὣς ἔλπεο δειδίξεσθαι, ἐπεὶ σάφα οἶδα καὶ αὐτὸς ἠμὲν κερτομίας ἠδʼ αἴσυλα μυθήσασθαι. ἴδμεν δʼ ἀλλήλων γενεήν, ἴδμεν δὲ τοκῆας πρόκλυτʼ ἀκούοντες ἔπεα θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων·...

Son of Peleus, think not with words to afright me, as I were a child, seeing I know well of myself to utter taunts and withal speech that is seemly. We know each other's lineage, and each other's pare...

The Odyssey 2.85–128 Antinous

Τηλέμαχʼ ὑψαγόρη, μένος ἄσχετε, ποῖον ἔειπες ἡμέας αἰσχύνων· ἐθέλοις δέ κε μῶμον ἀνάψαι. σοὶ δʼ οὔ τι μνηστῆρες Ἀχαιῶν αἴτιοί εἰσιν, ἀλλὰ φίλη μήτηρ, ἥ τοι πέρι κέρδεα οἶδεν. ἤδη γὰρ τρίτον ἐστὶν ἔτος...

“Telemachus, thou braggart, unrestrained in daring, what a thing hast thou said, putting us to shame, and wouldest fain fasten reproach upon us! Nay, I tell thee, it is not the Achaean wooers who are ...

The Odyssey 5.148–159

ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπέβη κρατὺς ἀργεϊφόντης· ἡ δʼ ἐπʼ Ὀδυσσῆα μεγαλήτορα πότνια νύμφη ἤιʼ, ἐπεὶ δὴ Ζηνὸς ἐπέκλυεν ἀγγελιάων. τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ ἀκτῆς εὗρε καθήμενον· οὐδέ ποτʼ ὄσσε δακρυόφιν τέρσοντο, κατείβε...

when she had heard the message of Zeus. Him she found sitting on the shore, and his eyes were never dry of tears, and his sweet life was ebbing away, as he longed mournfully for his return, for the ny...

The Odyssey 9.2–332 Odysseus

Ἀλκίνοε κρεῖον, πάντων ἀριδείκετε λαῶν, ἦ τοι μὲν τόδε καλὸν ἀκουέμεν ἐστὶν ἀοιδοῦ τοιοῦδʼ οἷος ὅδʼ ἐστί, θεοῖς ἐναλίγκιος αὐδήν. οὐ γὰρ ἐγώ γέ τί φημι τέλος χαριέστερον εἶναι ἢ ὅτʼ ἐυφροσύνη μὲν ἔχῃ ...

For myself I declare that there is no greater fulfillment of delight than when joy possesses a whole people, and banqueters in the halls listen to a minstrel as they sit in order due, and by them tabl...

The Odyssey 10.271–285

Εὐρύλοχʼ, ἦ τοι μὲν σὺ μένʼ αὐτοῦ τῷδʼ ἐνὶ χώρῳ ἔσθων καὶ πίνων κοίλῃ παρὰ νηὶ μελαίνῃ· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν εἶμι, κρατερὴ δέ μοι ἔπλετʼ ἀνάγκη. ὣς εἰπὼν παρὰ νηὸς ἀνήιον ἠδὲ θαλάσσης. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ἰ...

But when, as I went through the sacred glades, I was about to come to the great house of the sorceress, Circe, then Hermes, of the golden wand, met me as I went toward the house, in the likeness of a ...

The Odyssey 10.271–273 Odysseus

Εὐρύλοχʼ, ἦ τοι μὲν σὺ μένʼ αὐτοῦ τῷδʼ ἐνὶ χώρῳ ἔσθων καὶ πίνων κοίλῃ παρὰ νηὶ μελαίνῃ· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν εἶμι, κρατερὴ δέ μοι ἔπλετʼ ἀνάγκη.

The Odyssey 13.291–310 Athena

κερδαλέος κʼ εἴη καὶ ἐπίκλοπος ὅς σε παρέλθοι ἐν πάντεσσι δόλοισι, καὶ εἰ θεὸς ἀντιάσειε. σχέτλιε, ποικιλομῆτα, δόλων ἆτʼ, οὐκ ἄρʼ ἔμελλες, οὐδʼ ἐν σῇ περ ἐὼν γαίῃ, λήξειν ἀπατάων...

and deceitful tales, which thou lovest from the bottom of thine heart. But come, let us no longer talk of this, being both well versed in craft, since thou art far the best of all men in counsel and i...

The Odyssey 14.192–359 Odysseus-beggar

τοιγὰρ ἐγώ τοι ταῦτα μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορεύσω. εἴη μὲν νῦν νῶϊν ἐπὶ χρόνον ἠμὲν ἐδωδὴ ἠδὲ μέθυ γλυκερὸν κλισίης ἔντοσθεν ἐοῦσι, δαίνυσθαι ἀκέοντʼ, ἄλλοι δʼ ἐπὶ ἔργον ἕποιεν· ῥηϊδίως κεν ἔπειτα καὶ εἰς ἐ...

to feast on in quiet here in thy hut, and that others might go about their work; easily then might I tell on for a full year, and yet in no wise finish the tale of the woes of my spirit—even all the t...

The Odyssey 15.307–324 Odysseus-beggar

κέκλυθι νῦν, Εὔμαιε, καὶ ἄλλοι πάντες ἑταῖροι· ἠῶθεν προτὶ ἄστυ λιλαίομαι ἀπονέεσθαι πτωχεύσων, ἵνα μή σε κατατρύχω καὶ ἑταίρους. ἀλλά μοι εὖ θʼ ὑπόθευ καὶ ἅμʼ ἡγεμόνʼ ἐσθλὸν ὄπασ...

but through the city will I wander by myself perforce, in the hope that one haply will give me a cup of water and a loaf. Aye, and I would go to the house of godlike Odysseus and bear tidings to the w...

The Odyssey 18.75–78

ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφαν, Ἴρῳ δὲ κακῶς ὠρίνετο θυμός. ἀλλὰ καὶ ὣς δρηστῆρες ἄγον ζώσαντες ἀνάγκῃ δειδιότα· σάρκες δὲ περιτρομέοντο μέλεσσιν. Ἀντίνοος δʼ ἐνένιπεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·

So they spoke, and the mind of Irus was miserably shaken; yet even so the serving men girded him, and led him out perforce all filled with dread, and his flesh trembled on his limbs. Then Antinous rat...

The Odyssey 19.124–163 Penelope

ξεῖνʼ, ἦ τοι μὲν ἐμὴν ἀρετὴν εἶδός τε δέμας τε ὤλεσαν ἀθάνατοι, ὅτε Ἴλιον εἰσανέβαινον Ἀργεῖοι, μετὰ τοῖσι δʼ ἐμὸς πόσις ᾖεν Ὀδυσσεύς εἰ κεῖνός γʼ ἐλθὼν τὸν ἐμὸν βίον ἀμφιπολεύοι, μεῖζον κε κλέος εἴη ...

the immortals destroyed on the day when the Argives embarked for Ilios, and with them went my husband, Odysseus. If he might but come, and watch over this life of mine, greater would be my fame and fa...

The Odyssey 22.446–460

ὣς ἔφαθʼ, αἱ δὲ γυναῖκες ἀολλέες ἦλθον ἅπασαι, αἴνʼ ὀλοφυρόμεναι, θαλερὸν κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσαι. πρῶτα μὲν οὖν νέκυας φόρεον κατατεθνηῶτας, κὰδ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπʼ αἰθούσῃ τίθεσαν εὐερκέος αὐλῆς, ἀλλήλοισιν ἐρείδ...

propping them one against the other; and Odysseus himself gave them orders and hastened on the work, and they bore the bodies forth perforce. Then they cleansed the beautiful high seats and the tables...

The Odyssey 24.121–190 Ghost Of Amphimedon

Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε, ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον, μέμνημαι τάδε πάντα, διοτρεφές, ὡς ἀγορεύεις· σοὶ δʼ ἐγὼ εὖ μάλα πάντα καὶ ἀτρεκέως καταλέξω, ἡμετέρου θανάτοιο κακὸν τέλος, οἷον ἐτύχθη. μνώμεθʼ Ὀδυσσῆος δὴν ο...

We wooed the wife of Odysseus, that had long been gone, and she neither refused the hateful marriage, nor would she ever make an end, devising for us death and black fate. Nay, she contrived in her he...

Matthew 18:1–8 Jesus

Ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ὥρᾳ προσῆλθον οἱ μαθηταὶ τῷ Ἰησοῦ λέγοντες τίς ἄρα μείζων ἐστὶν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τῶν οὐρανῶν καὶ προσκαλεσάμενος παιδίον ἔστησεν αὐτὸ ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν καὶ εἶπεν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ἐὰν μὴ στραφῆτε ...

Luke 14:17–24 Unknown Speaker

καὶ ἀπέστειλεν τὸν δοῦλον αὐτοῦ τῇ ὥρᾳ τοῦ δείπνου εἰπεῖν τοῖς κεκλημένοις ἔρχεσθε ὅτι ἤδη ἕτοιμά εἰσιν καὶ ἤρξαντο ἀπὸ μιᾶς πάντες παραιτεῖσθαι ὁ πρῶτος εἶπεν αὐτῷ ἀγρὸν ἠγόρασα καὶ ἔχω ἀνάγκην ἐξελθ...

Luke 21:17–24

καὶ ἔσεσθε μισούμενοι ὑπὸ πάντων διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου καὶ θρὶξ ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς ὑμῶν οὐ μὴ ἀπόληται ἐν τῇ ὑπομονῇ ὑμῶν κτήσασθε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν Ὅταν δὲ ἴδητε κυκλουμένην ὑπὸ στρατοπέδων Ἱερουσαλήμ τότε γνῶτε...

Romans 13:1–8

Πᾶσα ψυχὴ ἐξουσίαις ὑπερεχούσαις ὑποτασσέσθω οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν ἐξουσία εἰ μὴ ὑπὸ θεοῦ αἱ δὲ οὖσαι ὑπὸ θεοῦ τεταγμέναι εἰσίν ὥστε ὁ ἀντιτασσόμενος τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ διαταγῇ ἀνθέστηκεν οἱ δὲ ἀνθεστηκότε...

1 Corinthians 7:25–32 Unknown Speaker

Περὶ δὲ τῶν παρθένων ἐπιταγὴν κυρίου οὐκ ἔχω γνώμην δὲ δίδωμι ὡς ἠλεημένος ὑπὸ κυρίου πιστὸς εἶναι νομίζω οὖν τοῦτο καλὸν ὑπάρχειν διὰ τὴν ἐνεστῶσαν ἀνάγκην ὅτι καλὸν ἀνθρώπῳ τὸ οὕτως εἶναι δέδεσαι γυ...

1 Corinthians 7:33–40 Unknown Speaker

ὁ δὲ γαμήσας μεριμνᾷ τὰ τοῦ κόσμου πῶς ἀρέσῃ τῇ γυναικί καὶ μεμέρισται καὶ ἡ γυνὴ καὶ ἡ παρθένος ἡ ἄγαμος μεριμνᾷ τὰ τοῦ κυρίου ἵνα ᾖ ἁγία καὶ τῷ σώματι καὶ τῷ πνεύματι ἡ δὲ γαμήσασα μεριμνᾷ τὰ τοῦ κό...

1 Corinthians 9:9–16 Moses

ἐν γὰρ τῷ Μωϋσέως νόμῳ γέγραπται οὐ κημώσεις βοῦν ἀλοῶντα μὴ τῶν βοῶν μέλει τῷ θεῷ ἢ δι’ ἡμᾶς πάντως λέγει δι’ ἡμᾶς γὰρ ἐγράφη ὅτι ὀφείλει ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ὁ ἀροτριῶν ἀροτριᾶν καὶ ὁ ἀλοῶν ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι τοῦ μετ...

2 Corinthians 6:1–8 Unknown Speaker

Συνεργοῦντες δὲ καὶ παρακαλοῦμεν μὴ εἰς κενὸν τὴν χάριν τοῦ θεοῦ δέξασθαι ὑμᾶς λέγει γάρ καιρῷ δεκτῷ ἐπήκουσά σου καὶ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ σωτηρίας ἐβοήθησά σοι ἰδοὺ νῦν καιρὸς εὐπρόσδεκτος ἰδοὺ νῦν ἡμέρα σωτηρία...

2 Corinthians 9:1–8 Unknown Speaker

Περὶ μὲν γὰρ τῆς διακονίας τῆς εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους περισσόν μοί ἐστιν τὸ γράφειν ὑμῖν οἶδα γὰρ τὴν προθυμίαν ὑμῶν ἣν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν καυχῶμαι Μακεδόσιν ὅτι Ἀχαΐα παρεσκεύασται ἀπὸ πέρυσι καὶ τὸ ὑμῶν ζῆλος ἠρέθι...

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Explore ananke in the texts

354 passages across Homer, Hesiod, Pindar, and the New Testament contain ananke.

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