The Seba library treats Mean in 9 passages, across 7 authors (including Benveniste, Émile, Douglas L. Cairns, Jung, C. G.).
it is ‘to take with authority measures appropriate to a present difficulty; to bring back to normal—by a tried and tested means—some particular trouble or disturbance’
Benveniste reconstructs the Indo-European root med- as denoting the authoritative application of a tested measure to restore normative order, the etymological foundation of both medicine and governance.
, Indo European Language and Society, 1973thesis
one would expect that a mean cannot be a pathos, but must imply some dispositional quality. There are, however, also signs that Aristotle may have entertained a contradictory opinion that a pathos could be a mean
Cairns identifies a fundamental Aristotelian tension: the mean is classically a dispositional hexis, yet aidōs as a pathos is also called a praiseworthy mean, exposing an unresolved contradiction in the ethics of affect.
, Aidos: The Psychology and Ethics of Honour and Shame in Ancient Greek Literature, 1993thesis
it does seem that a priori (and in a confused way) it is the notion of ‘to measure’ which predominates. This is limited in Greek to médimnos, but is more amply
Benveniste argues that ‘measure’ is the primary, if confused, semantic core of med- across Indo-European languages, linking governance, healing, and normative calibration.
, Indo European Language and Society, 1973supporting
The incorrectly reproduced associations occasionally have an arithmetical time-mean that exceeds the general arithmetical mean
Jung uses the arithmetic mean as a diagnostic baseline in word-association experiments, whereby complex-laden responses deviate measurably from the general mean reaction time.
, Experimental Researches, 1904supporting
reproduced associations with the probable mean (P.M.). column II for those below the probable mean.
Jung’s tabulation of associations above, at, and below the probable mean provides a quantitative frame for detecting unconscious complex activity in clinical populations.
, Experimental Researches, 1904supporting
We calculated overall success rates by pooling all rates. In psychotherapy for moderate/mixed pathology, the success rates were 64% at termination and 55% at follow-up.
The weighted mean success rate serves as the normative benchmark against which long-term psychoanalytic outcomes are evaluated in this systematic review.
, The Effectiveness of Long-Term Psychoanalytic Therapy: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies, 2009supporting
A mean composite score was computed for each of the 12 subscales of the GEI for the 7 mothers who returned the survey. These mean scores were compared with the mean scores of the reference group of bereaved parents.
Mean composite scores on bereavement subscales are deployed as comparative norms to identify the psychological location of grieving mothers relative to a reference population.
, Meaning Reconstruction and the Experience of Losssupporting
higher mean ASRS scores (mean = 13.5, s.d. = 3.2) compared with the non-ADHD reference group (mean = 4.5, s.d. = 3.5)
Mean ASRS scores differentiate ADHD from non-ADHD populations, illustrating the statistical mean’s role as a boundary marker for clinical classification.
, Increased risk of provisional premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) among females with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): cross-sectional survey studyaside
significant improvements in mindfulness skills in MABT vs. TAU and WHE from baseline to 3 months (mean difference = 4.9; 95% CI: 1.2–8.7)
Mean difference scores quantify the clinical significance of mindfulness gains in a body-oriented therapy trial, using the mean as a metric of therapeutic change.
, Longitudinal effects of interoceptive awareness training through mindful awareness in body-oriented therapy (MABT) as an adjunct to women’s substance use disorder treatment: A randomized controlled trial, 2019aside