The concordance 12 witnesses
Orientation
A weaving machine strung with human bodies: this is the image Onians recovers from Njáls Saga, where the Norns set up a loom “stretching afar and portending slaughter,” its warp a line of spears and its weights human heads. The horror is exact, not decorative. Onians reads the loom’s vertical threads as the literal measure of a life’s duration, so that fate-weaving and time-reckoning become a single archaic operation, the same equation he finds beneath Plato’s Myth of Er, where Lachesis, Klotho, and Atropos divide spinning from weaving but never separate thread from destiny. Homer supplies the domestic counter-image: Penelope’s loom, in Lattimore’s rendering, turns the same instrument toward delay rather than doom, weaving by day and unweaving by night to hold Odysseus’s household in suspension. Iain McGilchrist finds the symbol resurfacing clinically in James Tilly Matthews’s “Air Loom,” a persecutory machine of bellows and rays that Matthews believed controlled his mind, the paranoid psyche externalizing fate-control with startling fidelity to the myth. Andrew Louth locates the opposite move, an Orthodox theology in which the loom withdraws entirely inward, becoming, in St Justin Popović’s phrase, the soul itself, woven by virtue.
A loom has been set up, stretching afar and portending slaughter… and a rain of blood is pouring. Upon it has been stretched a warp of human beings—a warp grey with spears
Onians documents the Norse weaving-of-fate tradition in Njals Saga, where the Norns weave on a loom strung with human bodies, making the instrument of weaving identical with the instrument of slaughter and destiny.
, The origins of European thought about the body, the mind,, 1988thesis
On the loom this would seem to mean the vertical, i.e. the warp-threads. In the web of the Norse fate-goddesses we shall see that from each of these was suspended, as loom-weight, a head.
Onians interprets the thread of fate on the loom as representing a life’s temporal span through warp-threads, with grim loom-weights that literalise the mortal stakes of fate-weaving.
, The origins of European thought about the body, the mind,, 1988thesis
She set up a great loom in her palace, and set to weaving a web of threads long and fine… but in the night she would have torches set by, and undo it.
Lattimore’s Odyssey renders Penelope’s loom as the instrument of psychological and temporal resistance, its weaving and unweaving enacting a cunning suspension of fate that preserves Odysseus’s household.
, Odyssey of Homer, 2009thesis
His mind and the minds of others were being controlled by an elaborate machine which he called the ‘Air Loom’, manipulated by men with bellows and emitting influencing rays that controlled his every movement
McGilchrist presents the paranoid delusion of the ‘Air Loom’ as a clinical case in which the archaic symbol of fate-controlling weaving is transposed onto an elaborate persecutory machine, illuminating the psyche’s tendency to externalise deterministic control.
, The Matter With Things: Our Brains, Our Delusions and the Unmaking of the World, 2021thesis
His mind and the minds of others were being controlled by an elaborate machine which he called the ‘Air Loom’, manipulated by men with bellows and emitting influencing rays that controlled his every movement
A parallel witness to the same Air Loom case, confirming its significance as a depth-psychological datum concerning the projection of fate-control onto a mechanical persecutor.
, The Matter with Things: Our Brains, Our Delusions, and the Unmaking of the World, 2021supporting
Knowledge is like a fabric woven by the virtues on the loom of the human soul. The loom of the soul extends through all the visible and invisible worlds.
In Orthodox theology via St Justin Popović, the loom is radically interiorised: it becomes the soul itself, whose virtuous activity weaves knowledge across visible and invisible reality.
, Modern Orthodox Thinkers: From the Philokalia to the Presentthesis
time: connected with αἰών… represented by warp-threads in weaving of fate, 346–7; ‘nick of,’ 347… relation to fate, 413–15
Onians’s index entry confirms the structural equation of loom warp-threads with the passage of time, grounding the loom’s fate symbolism in archaic Greek and Indo-European concepts of temporal duration.
, The origins of European thought about the body, the mind,, 1988supporting
Lachesis, Klotho, and Atropos are all concerned with the thread and share in the spinning but their offices differ.
Onians analyses Plato’s Myth of Er to show how the three Fates divide the functions of spinning and weaving, with the loom implicitly present as the structure upon which mortal destiny is constructed.
, The origins of European thought about the body, the mind,, 1988supporting
weaver’s beam, loom. The frame of the loom was not placed, as in modern hand-looms, in a horizontal position, but stood upright… The threads of the warp hung perpendicularly down, and were drawn tight by weights at their lower ends.
Autenrieth’s Homeric Dictionary provides precise technical description of the ancient upright loom, establishing the material and visual basis for the symbolic weight the instrument carries in mythological and psychological interpretation.
, Homeric Dictionarysupporting
‘at the loom.’ (The Greek loom stood upright, like the Roman loom represented in the cut, or like the Egyptian loom in cut No. 59.) Fig., devise, contrive, as we say ‘spin.’
Autenrieth notes the figurative extension of loom-weaving into meaning ‘to devise or contrive,’ tracing the conceptual pathway from craft instrument to mental scheming.
, Homeric Dictionarysupporting
‘to set the warp in the loom, i.e. start the web’… The connection with Alb. end, ind ‘to set the warp in the loom’… In Greek, the verb was restricted in its meaning to weaving
Beekes’s etymological analysis of the Greek verb for setting warp in a loom traces its Indo-European roots and semantic restriction, establishing the linguistic substrate of the loom’s conceptual domain.
, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, 2010supporting
μέσυκλον ‘weaver’s beam’… f.l£OUKAOV [n.] ‘weaver’s beam’… ‘rod of the loom’… ‘the middle rod of the loom’
Beekes documents the Pre-Greek technical vocabulary for loom parts, indicating the antiquity and probable pre-Hellenic origins of loom terminology in Greek.
, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, 2010aside