when ‘trusted and powerful institutions… act in ways that visit harm upon those dependent on them,’ as ‘institutional betrayal.’
Herman introduces Freyd’s concept of ‘institutional betrayal’ as the formal name for the process by which institutions suppress, minimize, or collude in harm rather than bearing witness to it — the structural analog to individual traumatic forgetting.
, Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence—From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror, 1992thesis