Helm

Helm expresses the view that 'Robert Mayer's new idea did not detach itself gradually from the traditional concepts of energy by deeper reflection on them, but belongs to those intuitively apprehended ideas which, arising in other realms of a spiritual nature, as it were take possession of the mind'

Jung cites Helm's history of energetics to establish that certain revolutionary scientific ideas arise not through discursive reasoning but through primordial images erupting from the collective unconscious.

Jung, Carl Gustav, Two Essays on Analytical Psychology, 1953thesis

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you were drawn unharmoniously in my thoughts, as one who was not wielding well the helm of sense, nourishing a willing boldness of temper (tharsos hekousion) on behalf of men who were then dying

Nussbaum interprets Aeschylus's phrase 'helm of sense' as a governing metaphor for rational self-command, engaging the philosophical problem of whether passions, not only actions, can be subject to moral praise and blame.

Martha C. Nussbaum, The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy, 1986thesis

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Der Helm ist eine halbkugelige oder glockenförmige Kappe, die hin und wieder in einer Spitze mit Knopf oder einer Tülle zum Anbringen eines Federbusches endet.

Otto documents the Bronze Age helmet as a culturally and ritually charged artifact, noting its ornamental elaboration and probable divine associations in Nordic and Villanova contexts, including horned helmet figures likely representing a god-image.

Otto, Walter F., Die Götter Griechenlands (The Gods of Greece), 1929supporting

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Shield closed with shield, and helm with helm, and each man with his fellow, and the peaks of their head-pieces with crests of horse-hair touched as they bent their heads: so close they stood together.

The Homeric tradition presents the helm as an emblem of collective martial solidarity, where individual warriors merge into a unified defensive formation whose identity is partly constituted by their armor.

Hesiod, Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns, and Homerica, -700supporting

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HADES, 27, 30, 40, 54, 69, 71, 72, 85, 86, 95, 106, 107, 122-24, 160, 194, 329, 358, 362, 373, 430 n.36, 440 n.45, 453 n.133, 480 n.23, 486 n.23; helmet of, 329

Vernant's index entry records Hades's helmet as a discrete mythological attribute, placing the helm within the divine economy of invisibility and sovereignty over the dead.

Vernant, Jean-Pierre, Myth and Thought Among the Greeks, 1983supporting

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Helm, R., 143 32

Kerenyi cites R. Helm as a scholarly reference in the apparatus of his Dionysos study, without elaboration on the content of Helm's contribution.

Kerényi, Carl, Dionysos: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life, 1976aside

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