The first starts from details and never arrives at a Gestalt, thus missing the significance of an anomaly; the second starts with a Gestalt, the very existence of which draws attention to the detail that does not fit.
McGilchrist argues that anomaly-detection is structurally dependent on prior Gestalt perception, locating this capacity specifically in the right hemisphere as against the left hemisphere’s detail-focused, non-integrative processing.
, The Matter with Things: Our Brains, Our Delusions, and the Unmaking of the World, 2021thesis