Seba.Health

φρήν

phren — Diaphragm, the seat of thought and feeling

What is phren in ancient Greek?

In ancient Greek, φρήν (phren) signifies diaphragm, the seat of thought and feeling. The term appears 423 times across 361 passages in the corpus — Homer, Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns, Pindar, and the Greek New Testament — making it a central element of the ancient psychological vocabulary and a key point of contact between Greek thought and modern depth psychology.

How often does phren appear across the corpus?

The term φρήν occurs 423 times across 361 passages. Of these, 48% appear in direct speech and 52% in narration, revealing how the term functions differently when characters voice it themselves versus when the narrator deploys it from the outside.

Which characters use phren most?

The distribution of phren across speakers reveals which characters are most closely associated with the psychological reality the term names. Odysseus leads with 15 instances.

Why does grammatical voice matter for phren?

Grammatical voice is the axis where philology and depth psychology converge. When the ancient poets render phren in the middle voice, the subject acts upon or for itself, signaling deep participation in the psychological action rather than external agency. The distribution below tracks how the term appears across active, middle, and passive constructions.

1 active

All Passages (361)

Lines 78–144
nor is it seemly to break in upon his words; grievous were that even for one well-skilled. And amid the uproar of many how should a man either hear or speak? —hampered is he then, clear-voiced talker though he be. To the son of Peleus will I declare my mind, but do ye other Argives give heed, and mark well my words each man of you. Full often have the Achaeans spoken unto me this word, and were ever fain to chide me; howbeit it is not I that am at fault, but Zeus and Fate and Erinys, that walketh in darkness, seeing that in the midst of the place of gathering they cast upon my soul fierce blindness on that day, when of mine own arrogance I took from Achilles his prize. But what could I do? It is God that bringeth all things to their issue. Eldest daughter of Zeus is Ate that blindeth all—a power fraught with bane; delicate are her feet, for it is not upon the ground that she fareth, but she walketh over the heads of men, bringing men to harm, and this one or that she ensnareth. Aye, and on a time she blinded Zeus, albeit men say that he is the greatest among men and gods; yet even him Hera, that was but a woman, beguiled in her craftiness on the day when Alcmene in fair-crowned Thebe was to bring forth the mighty Heracles. Zeus verily spake vauntingly among all the gods: ‘Hearken unto me, all ye gods and goddesses, that I may speak what the heart in my breast biddeth me. This day shall Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth, bring to the light a man that shall be the lord of all them that dwell round about, even one of the race of those men who are of me by blood.’ But with crafty mind the queenly Hera spake unto him:‘Thou wilt play the cheat, and not bring thy word to fulfillment. Nay, come, Olympian, swear me now a mighty oath that in very truth that man shall be lord of all them that dwell round about, whoso this day shall fall between a woman's feet, even one of those men who are of the blood of thy stock.’ So spake she; howbeit Zeus in no wise marked her craftiness, but sware a great oath, and therewithal was blinded sore. and swiftly came to Achaean Argos, where she knew was the stately wife of Sthenelus, son of Perseus, that bare a son in her womb, and lo, the seventh month was come. This child Hera brought forth to the light even before the full tale of the months, but stayed Alcmene's bearing, and held back the Eileithyiae. And herself spake to Zeus, son of Cronos, to bear him word: ‘Father Zeus, lord of the bright lightning, a word will I speak for thy heeding. Lo, even now, is born a valiant man that shall be lord over the Argives, even Eurystheus, son of Sthenelus, the son of Perseus, of thine own lineage; not unmeet is it that he be lord over the Argives.’ So spake she, and sharp pain smote him in the deep of his heart, and forthwith he seized Ate by her bright-tressed head, wroth in his soul, and sware a mighty oath that never again unto Olympus and the starry heaven should Ate come, she that blindeth all. So said he, and whirling her in his hand flung her from the starry heaven, and quickly she came to the tilled fields of men. At thought of her would he ever groan, whenso he beheld his dear son in unseemly travail beneath Eurystheus' tasks. Even so I also, what time great Hector of the flashing helm was making havoc of the Argives at the sterns of the ships, could not forget Ate, of whom at the first I was made blind. Howbeit seeing I was blinded, and Zeus robbed me of my wits, fain am I to make amends and to give requital past counting. Nay, rouse thee for battle, and rouse withal the rest of thy people. Gifts am I here ready to offer thee, even all that goodly Odysseus promised thee yesternight,1 when he had come to thy hut. Or, if thou wilt, abide a while, eager though thou be for war, and the gifts shall squires take and bring thee from my ship, to the end that thou mayest see that I will give what will satisfy thy heart.
φίλοι ἥρωες Δαναοὶ θεράποντες Ἄρηος ἑσταότος μὲν καλὸν ἀκούειν, οὐδὲ ἔοικεν ὑββάλλειν· χαλεπὸν γὰρ ἐπισταμένῳ περ ἐόντι. ἀνδρῶν δʼ ἐν πολλῷ ὁμάδῳ πῶς κέν τις ἀκούσαι εἴποι; βλάβεται δὲ λιγύς περ ἐὼν ἀγορητής. Πηλεΐδῃ μὲν ἐγὼν ἐνδείξομαι· αὐτὰρ οἱ ἄλλοι σύνθεσθʼ Ἀργεῖοι, μῦθόν τʼ εὖ γνῶτε ἕκαστος. πολλάκι δή μοι τοῦτον Ἀχαιοὶ μῦθον ἔειπον καί τέ με νεικείεσκον· ἐγὼ δʼ οὐκ αἴτιός εἰμι, ἀλλὰ Ζεὺς καὶ Μοῖρα καὶ ἠεροφοῖτις Ἐρινύς, οἵ τέ μοι εἰν ἀγορῇ φρεσὶν ἔμβαλον ἄγριον ἄτην, ἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ Ἀχιλλῆος γέρας αὐτὸς ἀπηύρων. ἀλλὰ τί κεν ῥέξαιμι; θεὸς διὰ πάντα τελευτᾷ. πρέσβα Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἄτη, πάντας ἀᾶται, οὐλομένη· τῇ μέν θʼ ἁπαλοὶ πόδες· οὐ γὰρ ἐπʼ οὔδει πίλναται, ἀλλʼ ἄρα γε κατʼ ἀνδρῶν κράατα βαίνει βλάπτουσʼ ἀνθρώπους· κατὰ δʼ οὖν ἕτερόν γε πέδησε. καὶ γὰρ δή νύ ποτε Ζεὺς ἄσατο, τόν περ ἄριστον ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ θεῶν φασʼ ἔμμεναι· ἀλλʼ ἄρα καὶ τὸν Ἥρη θῆλυς ἐοῦσα δολοφροσύνῃς ἀπάτησεν, ἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ ἔμελλε βίην Ἡρακληείην Ἀλκμήνη τέξεσθαι ἐϋστεφάνῳ ἐνὶ Θήβῃ. ἤτοι γʼ εὐχόμενος μετέφη πάντεσσι θεοῖσι· κέκλυτέ μευ πάντές τε θεοὶ πᾶσαί τε θέαιναι, ὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀνώγει. σήμερον ἄνδρα φόως δὲ μογοστόκος Εἰλείθυια ἐκφανεῖ, ὃς πάντεσσι περικτιόνεσσιν ἀνάξει, τῶν ἀνδρῶν γενεῆς οἵ θʼ αἵματος ἐξ ἐμεῦ εἰσί. τὸν δὲ δολοφρονέουσα προσηύδα πότνια Ἥρη· ψευστήσεις, οὐδʼ αὖτε τέλος μύθῳ ἐπιθήσεις. εἰ δʼ ἄγε νῦν μοι ὄμοσσον Ὀλύμπιε καρτερὸν ὅρκον, μὲν τὸν πάντεσσι περικτιόνεσσιν ἀνάξειν ὅς κεν ἐπʼ ἤματι τῷδε πέσῃ μετὰ ποσσὶ γυναικὸς τῶν ἀνδρῶν οἳ σῆς ἐξ αἵματός εἰσι γενέθλης. ὣς ἔφατο· Ζεὺς δʼ οὔ τι δολοφροσύνην ἐνόησεν, ἀλλʼ ὄμοσεν μέγαν ὅρκον, ἔπειτα δὲ πολλὸν ἀάσθη. Ἥρη δʼ ἀΐξασα λίπεν ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο, καρπαλίμως δʼ ἵκετʼ Ἄργος Ἀχαιικόν, ἔνθʼ ἄρα ᾔδη ἰφθίμην ἄλοχον Σθενέλου Περσηϊάδαο. δʼ ἐκύει φίλον υἱόν, δʼ ἕβδομος ἑστήκει μείς· ἐκ δʼ ἄγαγε πρὸ φόως δὲ καὶ ἠλιτόμηνον ἐόντα, Ἀλκμήνης δʼ ἀπέπαυσε τόκον, σχέθε δʼ Εἰλειθυίας. αὐτὴ δʼ ἀγγελέουσα Δία Κρονίωνα προσηύδα· Ζεῦ πάτερ ἀργικέραυνε ἔπος τί τοι ἐν φρεσὶ θήσω· ἤδη ἀνὴρ γέγονʼ ἐσθλὸς ὃς Ἀργείοισιν ἀνάξει Εὐρυσθεὺς Σθενέλοιο πάϊς Περσηϊάδαο σὸν γένος· οὔ οἱ ἀεικὲς ἀνασσέμεν Ἀργείοισιν. ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ ἄχος ὀξὺ κατὰ φρένα τύψε βαθεῖαν· αὐτίκα δʼ εἷλʼ Ἄτην κεφαλῆς λιπαροπλοκάμοιο χωόμενος φρεσὶν ᾗσι, καὶ ὤμοσε καρτερὸν ὅρκον μή ποτʼ ἐς Οὔλυμπόν τε καὶ οὐρανὸν ἀστερόεντα αὖτις ἐλεύσεσθαι Ἄτην, πάντας ἀᾶται. ὣς εἰπὼν ἔρριψεν ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ ἀστερόεντος χειρὶ περιστρέψας· τάχα δʼ ἵκετο ἔργʼ ἀνθρώπων. τὴν αἰεὶ στενάχεσχʼ ὅθʼ ἑὸν φίλον υἱὸν ὁρῷτο ἔργον ἀεικὲς ἔχοντα ὑπʼ Εὐρυσθῆος ἀέθλων. ὣς καὶ ἐγών, ὅτε δʼ αὖτε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ Ἀργείους ὀλέκεσκεν ἐπὶ πρυμνῇσι νέεσσιν, οὐ δυνάμην λελαθέσθʼ Ἄτης πρῶτον ἀάσθην. ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ ἀασάμην καί μευ φρένας ἐξέλετο Ζεύς, ἂψ ἐθέλω ἀρέσαι, δόμεναί τʼ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα· ἀλλʼ ὄρσευ πόλεμον δὲ καὶ ἄλλους ὄρνυθι λαούς. δῶρα δʼ ἐγὼν ὅδε πάντα παρασχέμεν ὅσσά τοι ἐλθὼν χθιζὸς ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ὑπέσχετο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς. εἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις, ἐπίμεινον ἐπειγόμενός περ Ἄρηος, δῶρα δέ τοι θεράποντες ἐμῆς παρὰ νηὸς ἑλόντες οἴσουσʼ, ὄφρα ἴδηαι τοι μενοεικέα δώσω.
Lattimore commentary
Agamemnon admits he made a mistake (not that he was guilty of an ethical breach), but at the same time saves face by blaming three divinities for leading him astray (Zeus, Destiny, Erinys). Atê (destructive blindness) is personified and then made into an instrument of the gods. Her power, even over her own father Zeus, is illustrated by the subsequent tale of Herakles’ delayed birth, a tale made more plausible by what the audience has already heard of Hera’s deceptiveness (book 14). Actually, the offer was made two days before. At this point the gifts can no longer be taken as a bribe (which they resembled in book 9), so Achilleus feels free to accept, though it is not his priority.
Lines 192–359
to feast on in quiet here in thy hut, and that others might go about their work; easily then might I tell on for a full year, and yet in no wise finish the tale of the woes of my spirit—even all the toils that I have endured by the will of the gods. “From broad Crete I declare that I am come by lineage, the son of a wealthy man. And many other sons too were born and bred in his halls, true sons of a lawful wife; but the mother that bore me was bought, a concubine. Yet Castor, son of Hylax, of whom I declare that I am sprung, honored me even as his true-born sons. He was at that time honored as a god among the Cretans in the land for his good estate, and his wealth, and his glorious sons. But the fates of death bore him away to the house of Hades, and his proud sons divided among them his substance, and cast lots therefor. To me they gave a very small portion, and allotted a dwelling. But I took unto me a wife from a house that had wide possessions, winning her by my valor; for I was no weakling, nor a coward in fight. Now all that strength is gone; yet even so, in seeing the stubble, methinks thou mayest judge what the grain was; for verily troubles in full measure encompass me. But then Ares and Athena gave me courage, and strength that breaks the ranks of men; and whenever I picked the best warriors for an ambush, sowing the seeds of evil for the foe, never did my proud spirit forbode death, but ever far the first did I leap forth, and slay with my spear whosoever of the foe gave way in flight before me.1 Such a man was I in war, but labour in the field was never to my liking, nor the care of a household, which rears goodly children, but oared ships were ever dear to me, and wars, and polished spears, and arrows,—grievous things, whereat others are wont to shudder. But those things, I ween, were dear to me, which a god put in my heart; for different men take joy in different works. For before the sons of the Achaeans set foot on the land of Troy, I had nine times led warriors and swift-faring ships against foreign folk, and great spoil had ever fallen to my hands. Of this I would choose what pleased my mind, and much I afterwards obtained by lot. Thus my house straightway grew rich, and thereafter I became one feared and honored among the Cretans. “But when Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, devised that hateful journey which loosened the knees of many a warrior, then they bade me and glorious Idomeneus to lead the ships to Ilios, nor was there any way to refuse, for the voice of the people pressed hard upon us. There for nine years we sons of the Achaeans warred, and in the tenth we sacked the city of Priam, and set out for home in our ships, and a god scattered the Achaeans. But for me, wretched man that I was, Zeus, the counsellor, devised evil. For a month only I remained, taking joy in my children, my wedded wife, and my wealth; and then to Egypt did my spirit bid me voyage with my godlike comrades, when I had fitted out my ships with care. Nine ships I fitted out, and the host gathered speedily. Then for six days my trusty comrades feasted, and I gave them many victims, that they might sacrifice to the gods, and prepare a feast for themselves; and on the seventh we embarked and set sail from broad Crete, with the North Wind blowing fresh and fair, and ran on easily as if down stream. No harm came to any of my ships, but free from scathe and from disease we sat, and the wind and the helmsman guided the ships. “On the fifth day we came to fair-flowing Aegyptus, and in the river Aegyptus I moored my curved ships. Then verily I bade my trusty comrades to remain there by the ships, and to guard the ships, and I sent out scouts to go to places of outlook. But my comrades, yielding to wantonness, and led on by their own might, straightway set about wasting the fair fields of the men of Egypt; and they carried off the women and little children, and slew the men; and the cry came quickly to the city. Then, hearing the shouting, the people came forth at break of day, and the whole plain was filled with footmen, and chariots and the flashing of bronze. But Zeus who hurls the thunderbolt cast an evil panic upon my comrades, and none had the courage to hold his ground and face the foe; for evil surrounded us on every side. So then they slew many of us with the sharp bronze, and others they led up to their city alive, to work for them perforce. But in my heart Zeus himself put this thought—I would that I had rather died and met my fate there in Egypt, for still was sorrow to give me welcome. Straightway I put off from my head my well-wrought helmet, and the shield from off my shoulders, and let the spear fall from my hand, and went toward the chariot horses of the king. I clasped, and kissed his knees, and he delivered me, and took pity on me, and, setting me in his chariot, took me weeping to his home. Verily full many rushed upon me with their ashen spears, eager to slay me, for they were exceeding angry. But he warded them off, and had regard for the wrath of Zeus, the stranger's god, who above all others hath indignation at evil deeds. “There then I stayed seven years, and much wealth did I gather among the Egyptians, for all men gave me gifts. But when the eighth circling year was come, then there came a man of Phoenicia, well versed in guile, a greedy knave, who had already wrought much evil among men. He prevailed upon me by his cunning, and took me with him, until we reached Phoenicia, where lay his house and his possessions. There I remained with him for a full year. But when at length the months and the days were being brought to fulfillment, as the year rolled round and the seasons came on, he set me on a seafaring ship bound for Libya, having given lying counsel to the end that I should convey a cargo with him, but in truth that, when there, he might sell me and get a vast price. So I went with him on board the ship, suspecting his guile, yet perforce. And she ran before the North Wind, blowing fresh and fair, on a mid-sea course to the windward of Crete, and Zeus devised destruction for the men. But when we had left Crete, and no other land appeared, but only sky and sea, then verily the son of Cronos set a black cloud above the hollow ship, and the sea grew dark beneath it. Therewith Zeus thundered, and hurled his bolt upon the ship, and she quivered from stem to stern, smitten by the bolt of Zeus, and was filled with sulphurous smoke, and all the crew fell from out the ship. Like sea-crows they were borne on the waves about the black ship, and the god took from them their returning. But as for me, Zeus himself when my heart was compassed with woe, put into my hands the tossing1 mast of the dark-prowed ship, that I might again escape destruction. Around this I clung, and was borne by the direful winds. For nine days I was borne, but on the tenth black night the great rolling wave brought me to the land of the Thesprotians. There the king of the Thesprotians, lord Pheidon, took me in, and asked no ransom, for his dear son came upon me, overcome as I was with cold and weariness, and raised me by the hand, and led me until he came to his father's palace; and he clothed me in a cloak and tunic, as raiment. verily unto the tenth generation would it feed his children after him, so great was the wealth that lay stored for him in the halls of the king. But Odysseus, he said, had gone to Dodona, to hear the will of Zeus from the high-crested oak of the god, even how he might return to the rich land of Ithaca after so long an absence, whether openly or in secret. And moreover he swore in my own presence, as he poured libations in his house, that the ship was launched, and the men ready, who were to convey him to his dear native land. But me he sent forth first, for a ship of the Thesprotians chanced to be setting out for Dulichium, rich in wheat. Thither he bade them to convey me with kindly care, to king Acastus. But an evil counsel regarding me found favour in their hearts, that I might even yet be brought into utter misery. When the sea-faring ship had sailed far from the land, they presently sought to bring about for me the day of slavery. They stripped me of my garments, my cloak and tunic, and clothed me in other raiment, a vile ragged cloak and tunic, even the tattered garments which thou seest before thine eyes; and at evening they reached the tilled fields of clear-seen Ithaca. Then with a twisted rope they bound me fast in the benched ship, and themselves went ashore, and made haste to take their supper by the shore of the sea. But as for me, the gods themselves undid my bonds full easily, and, wrapping the tattered cloak about my head, I slid down the smooth lading-plank,1 and brought my breast to the sea, and then struck out with both hands, and swam, and very soon was out of the water, and away from them. Then I went up to a place where there was a thicket of leafy wood, and lay there crouching. And they went hither and thither with loud cries; but as there seemed to be no profit in going further in their search, they went back again on board their hollow ship. And the gods themselves hid me easily, and led me, and brought me to the farmstead of a wise man; for still haply it is my lot to live.”
τοιγὰρ ἐγώ τοι ταῦτα μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορεύσω. εἴη μὲν νῦν νῶϊν ἐπὶ χρόνον ἠμὲν ἐδωδὴ ἠδὲ μέθυ γλυκερὸν κλισίης ἔντοσθεν ἐοῦσι, δαίνυσθαι ἀκέοντʼ, ἄλλοι δʼ ἐπὶ ἔργον ἕποιεν· ῥηϊδίως κεν ἔπειτα καὶ εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν ἅπαντα οὔ τι διαπρήξαιμι λέγων ἐμὰ κήδεα θυμοῦ, ὅσσα γε δὴ ξύμπαντα θεῶν ἰότητι μόγησα. ἐκ μὲν Κρητάων γένος εὔχομαι εὐρειάων, ἀνέρος ἀφνειοῖο πάϊς· πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι υἱέες ἐν μεγάρῳ ἠμὲν τράφεν ἠδʼ ἐγένοντο γνήσιοι ἐξ ἀλόχου· ἐμὲ δʼ ὠνητὴ τέκε μήτηρ παλλακίς, ἀλλά με ἶσον ἰθαιγενέεσσιν ἐτίμα Κάστωρ Ὑλακίδης, τοῦ ἐγὼ γένος εὔχομαι εἶναι ὃς τότʼ ἐνὶ Κρήτεσσι θεὸς ὣς τίετο δήμῳ ὄλβῳ τε πλούτῳ τε καὶ υἱάσι κυδαλίμοισιν. ἀλλʼ τοι τὸν κῆρες ἔβαν θανάτοιο φέρουσαι εἰς Ἀΐδαο δόμους· τοὶ δὲ ζωὴν ἐδάσαντο παῖδες ὑπέρθυμοι καὶ ἐπὶ κλήρους ἐβάλοντο, αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ μάλα παῦρα δόσαν καὶ οἰκίʼ ἔνειμαν. ἠγαγόμην δὲ γυναῖκα πολυκλήρων ἀνθρώπων εἵνεκʼ ἐμῆς ἀρετῆς, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἀποφώλιος ἦα οὐδὲ φυγοπτόλεμος· νῦν δʼ ἤδη πάντα λέλοιπεν ἀλλʼ ἔμπης καλάμην γέ σʼ ὀΐομαι εἰσορόωντα γιγνώσκειν· γάρ με δύη ἔχει ἤλιθα πολλή. μὲν δὴ θάρσος μοι Ἄρης τʼ ἔδοσαν καὶ Ἀθήνη καὶ ῥηξηνορίην· ὁπότε κρίνοιμι λόχονδε ἄνδρας ἀριστῆας, κακὰ δυσμενέεσσι φυτεύων, οὔ ποτέ μοι θάνατον προτιόσσετο θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ, ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρώτιστος ἐπάλμενος ἔγχει ἕλεσκον ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων τέ μοι εἴξειε πόδεσσιν. τοῖος ἔα ἐν πολέμῳ· ἔργον δέ μοι οὐ φίλον ἔσκεν οὐδʼ οἰκωφελίη, τε τρέφει ἀγλαὰ τέκνα, ἀλλά μοι αἰεὶ νῆες ἐπήρετμοι φίλαι ἦσαν καὶ πόλεμοι καὶ ἄκοντες ἐΰξεστοι καὶ ὀϊστοί, λυγρά, τά τʼ ἄλλοισίν γε καταριγηλὰ πέλονται. αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ τὰ φίλʼ ἔσκε τά που θεὸς ἐν φρεσὶ θῆκεν· ἄλλος γάρ τʼ ἄλλοισιν ἀνὴρ ἐπιτέρπεται ἔργοις. πρὶν μὲν γὰρ Τροίης ἐπιβήμεναι υἷας Ἀχαιῶν εἰνάκις ἀνδράσιν ἦρξα καὶ ὠκυπόροισι νέεσσιν ἄνδρας ἐς ἀλλοδαπούς, καί μοι μάλα τύγχανε πολλά. τῶν ἐξαιρεύμην μενοεικέα, πολλὰ δʼ ὀπίσσω λάγχανον· αἶψα δὲ οἶκος ὀφέλλετο, καί ῥα ἔπειτα δεινός τʼ αἰδοῖός τε μετὰ Κρήτεσσι τετύγμην. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τήν γε στυγερὴν ὁδὸν εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς ἐφράσαθʼ, πολλῶν ἀνδρῶν ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσε, δὴ τότʼ ἔμʼ ἤνωγον καὶ ἀγακλυτὸν Ἰδομενῆα νήεσσʼ ἡγήσασθαι ἐς Ἴλιον· οὐδέ τι μῆχος ἦεν ἀνήνασθαι, χαλεπὴ δʼ ἔχε δήμου φῆμις. ἔνθα μὲν εἰνάετες πολεμίζομεν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν, τῷ δεκάτῳ δὲ πόλιν Πριάμου πέρσαντες ἔβημεν οἴκαδε σὺν νήεσσι, θεὸς δʼ ἐκέδασσεν Ἀχαιούς. αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ δειλῷ κακὰ μήδετο μητίετα Ζεύς· μῆνα γὰρ οἶον ἔμεινα τεταρπόμενος τεκέεσσιν κουριδίῃ τʼ ἀλόχῳ καὶ κτήμασιν· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα Αἴγυπτόνδε με θυμὸς ἀνώγει ναυτίλλεσθαι, νῆας ἐῢ στείλαντα σὺν ἀντιθέοις ἑτάροισιν. ἐννέα νῆας στεῖλα, θοῶς δʼ ἐσαγείρατο λαός. ἑξῆμαρ μὲν ἔπειτα ἐμοὶ ἐρίηρες ἑταῖροι δαίνυντʼ· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἱερήϊα πολλὰ παρεῖχον θεοῖσίν τε ῥέζειν αὐτοῖσί τε δαῖτα πένεσθαι. ἑβδομάτῃ δʼ ἀναβάντες ἀπὸ Κρήτης εὐρείης ἐπλέομεν Βορέῃ ἀνέμῳ ἀκραέϊ καλῷ ῥηϊδίως, ὡς εἴ τε κατὰ ῥόον· οὐδέ τις οὖν μοι νηῶν πημάνθη, ἀλλʼ ἀσκηθέες καὶ ἄνουσοι ἥμεθα, τὰς δʼ ἄνεμός τε κυβερνῆταί τʼ ἴθυνον. πεμπταῖοι δʼ Αἴγυπτον ἐϋρρείτην ἱκόμεσθα, στῆσα δʼ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ποταμῷ νέας ἀμφιελίσσας. ἔνθʼ τοι μὲν ἐγὼ κελόμην ἐρίηρας ἑταίρους αὐτοῦ πὰρ νήεσσι μένειν καὶ νῆας ἔρυσθαι, ὀπτῆρας δὲ κατὰ σκοπιὰς ὤτρυνα νέεσθαι· οἱ δʼ ὕβρει εἴξαντες, ἐπισπόμενοι μένεϊ σφῷ, αἶψα μάλʼ Αἰγυπτίων ἀνδρῶν περικαλλέας ἀγροὺς πόρθεον, ἐκ δὲ γυναῖκας ἄγον καὶ νήπια τέκνα, αὐτούς τʼ ἔκτεινον· τάχα δʼ ἐς πόλιν ἵκετʼ ἀϋτή. οἱ δὲ βοῆς ἀΐοντες ἅμʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφιν ἦλθον· πλῆτο δὲ πᾶν πεδίον πεζῶν τε καὶ ἵππων χαλκοῦ τε στεροπῆς· ἐν δὲ Ζεὺς τερπικέραυνος φύζαν ἐμοῖς ἑτάροισι κακὴν βάλεν, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη μεῖναι ἐναντίβιον· περὶ γὰρ κακὰ πάντοθεν ἔστη. ἔνθʼ ἡμέων πολλοὺς μὲν ἀπέκτανον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ, τοὺς δʼ ἄναγον ζωούς, σφίσιν ἐργάζεσθαι ἀνάγκῃ. αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ Ζεὺς αὐτὸς ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ὧδε νόημα ποίησʼ—ὡς ὄφελον θανέειν καὶ πότμον ἐπισπεῖν αὐτοῦ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ· ἔτι γάρ νύ με πῆμʼ ὑπέδεκτο— αὐτίκʼ ἀπὸ κρατὸς κυνέην εὔτυκτον ἔθηκα καὶ σάκος ὤμοιϊν, δόρυ δʼ ἔκβαλον ἔκτοσε χειρός· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ βασιλῆος ἐναντίον ἤλυθον ἵππων καὶ κύσα γούναθʼ ἑλών· ὁδʼ ἐρύσατο καί μʼ ἐλέησεν, ἐς δίφρον δέ μʼ ἕσας ἄγεν οἴκαδε δάκρυ χέοντα. μέν μοι μάλα πολλοὶ ἐπήϊσσον μελίῃσιν, ἱέμενοι κτεῖναι—δὴ γὰρ κεχολώατο λίην— ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ κεῖνος ἔρυκε, Διὸς δʼ ὠπίζετο μῆνιν ξεινίου, ὅς τε μάλιστα νεμεσσᾶται κακὰ ἔργα. ἔνθα μὲν ἑπτάετες μένον αὐτόθι, πολλὰ δʼ ἄγειρα χρήματʼ ἀνʼ Αἰγυπτίους ἄνδρας· δίδοσαν γὰρ ἅπαντες. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ ὄγδοόν μοι ἐπιπλόμενον ἔτος ἦλθεν, δὴ τότε Φοῖνιξ ἦλθεν ἀνὴρ ἀπατήλια εἰδώς, τρώκτης, ὃς δὴ πολλὰ κάκʼ ἀνθρώποισιν ἐώργει· ὅς μʼ ἄγε παρπεπιθὼν ᾗσι φρεσίν, ὄφρʼ ἱκόμεσθα Φοινίκην, ὅθι τοῦ γε δόμοι καὶ κτήματʼ ἔκειτο. ἔνθα παρʼ αὐτῷ μεῖνα τελεσφόρον εἰς ἐνιαυτόν. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ μῆνές τε καὶ ἡμέραι ἐξετελεῦντο ἄψ περιτελλομένου ἔτεος καὶ ἐπήλυθον ὧραι, ἐς Λιβύην μʼ ἐπὶ νηὸς ἐέσσατο ποντοπόροιο ψεύδεα βουλεύσας, ἵνα οἱ σὺν φόρτον ἄγοιμι, κεῖθι δέ μʼ ὡς περάσειε καὶ ἄσπετον ὦνον ἕλοιτο. τῷ ἑπόμην ἐπὶ νηός, ὀϊόμενός περ, ἀνάγκῃ. δʼ ἔθεεν Βορέῃ ἀνέμῳ ἀκραέϊ καλῷ, μέσσον ὑπὲρ Κρήτης· Ζεὺς δέ σφισι μήδετʼ ὄλεθρον. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Κρήτην μὲν ἐλείπομεν, οὐδέ τις ἄλλη φαίνετο γαιάων, ἀλλʼ οὐρανὸς ἠδὲ θάλασσα, δὴ τότε κυανέην νεφέλην ἔστησε Κρονίων νηὸς ὕπερ γλαφυρῆς, ἤχλυσε δὲ πόντος ὑπʼ αὐτῆς. Ζεὺς δʼ ἄμυδις βρόντησε καὶ ἔμβαλε νηῒ κεραυνόν· δʼ ἐλελίχθη πᾶσα Διὸς πληγεῖσα κεραυνῷ, ἐν δὲ θεείου πλῆτο· πέσον δʼ ἐκ νηὸς ἅπαντες. οἱ δὲ κορώνῃσιν ἴκελοι περὶ νῆα μέλαιναν κύμασιν ἐμφορέοντο· θεὸς δʼ ἀποαίνυτο νόστον. αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ Ζεὺς αὐτός, ἔχοντί περ ἄλγεα θυμῷ, ἱστὸν ἀμαιμάκετον νηὸς κυανοπρῴροιο ἐν χείρεσσιν ἔθηκεν, ὅπως ἔτι πῆμα φύγοιμι. τῷ ῥα περιπλεχθεὶς φερόμην ὀλοοῖς ἀνέμοισιν. ἐννῆμαρ φερόμην, δεκάτῃ δέ με νυκτὶ μελαίνῃ γαίῃ Θεσπρωτῶν πέλασεν μέγα κῦμα κυλίνδον. ἔνθα με Θεσπρωτῶν βασιλεὺς ἐκομίσσατο Φείδων ἥρως ἀπριάτην· τοῦ γὰρ φίλος υἱὸς ἐπελθὼν αἴθρῳ καὶ καμάτῳ δεδμημένον ἦγεν ἐς οἶκον, χειρὸς ἀναστήσας, ὄφρʼ ἵκετο δώματα πατρός· ἀμφὶ δέ με χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε εἵματα ἕσσεν. ἔνθʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἐγὼ πυθόμην· κεῖνος γὰρ ἔφασκε ξεινίσαι ἠδὲ φιλῆσαι ἰόντʼ ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν, καί μοι κτήματʼ ἔδειξεν ὅσα ξυναγείρατʼ Ὀδυσσεύς, χαλκόν τε χρυσόν τε πολύκμητόν τε σίδηρον. καί νύ ἐς δεκάτην γενεὴν ἕτερόν γʼ ἔτι βόσκοι· τόσσα οἱ ἐν μεγάροις κειμήλια κεῖτο ἄνακτος. τὸν δʼ ἐς Δωδώνην φάτο βήμεναι, ὄφρα θεοῖο ἐκ δρυὸς ὑψικόμοιο Διὸς βουλὴν ἐπακούσαι, ὅππως νοστήσειʼ Ἰθάκης ἐς πίονα δῆμον ἤδη δὴν ἀπεών, ἀμφαδὸν ἦε κρυφηδόν. ὤμοσε δὲ πρὸς ἔμʼ αὐτόν, ἀποσπένδων ἐνὶ οἴκῳ, νῆα κατειρύσθαι καὶ ἐπαρτέας ἔμμεν ἑταίρους, οἳ δή μιν πέμψουσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν. ἀλλʼ ἐμὲ πρὶν ἀπέπεμψε· τύχησε γὰρ ἐρχομένη νηῦς ἀνδρῶν Θεσπρωτῶν ἐς Δουλίχιον πολύπυρον. ἔνθʼ γέ μʼ ἠνώγει πέμψαι βασιλῆϊ Ἀκάστῳ ἐνδυκέως· τοῖσιν δὲ κακὴ φρεσὶν ἥνδανε βουλὴ ἀμφʼ ἐμοί, ὄφρʼ ἔτι πάγχυ δύης ἐπὶ πῆμα γενοίμην. ἀλλʼ ὅτε γαίης πολλὸν ἀπέπλω ποντοπόρος νηῦς, αὐτίκα δούλιον ἦμαρ ἐμοὶ περιμηχανόωντο. ἐκ μέν με χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε εἵματʼ ἔδυσαν, ἀμφὶ δέ μοι ῥάκος ἄλλο κακὸν βάλον ἠδὲ χιτῶνα, ῥωγαλέα, τὰ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὅρηαι· ἑσπέριοι δʼ Ἰθάκης εὐδειέλου ἔργʼ ἀφίκοντο. ἔνθʼ ἐμὲ μὲν κατέδησαν ἐϋσσέλμῳ ἐνὶ νηῒ ὅπλῳ ἐϋστρεφέϊ στερεῶς, αὐτοὶ δʼ ἀποβάντες ἐσσυμένως παρὰ θῖνα θαλάσσης δόρπον ἕλοντο. αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ δεσμὸν μὲν ἀνέγναμψαν θεοὶ αὐτοὶ ῥηϊδίως· κεφαλῇ δὲ κατὰ ῥάκος ἀμφικαλύψας, ξεστὸν ἐφόλκαιον καταβὰς ἐπέλασσα θαλάσσῃ στῆθος, ἔπειτα δὲ χερσὶ διήρεσσʼ ἀμφοτέρῃσι νηχόμενος, μάλα δʼ ὦκα θύρηθʼ ἔα ἀμφὶς ἐκείνων. ἔνθʼ ἀναβάς, ὅθι τε δρίος ἦν πολυανθέος ὕλης, κείμην πεπτηώς. οἱ δὲ μεγάλα στενάχοντες φοίτων· ἀλλʼ οὐ γάρ σφιν ἐφαίνετο κέρδιον εἶναι μαίεσθαι προτέρω, τοὶ μὲν πάλιν αὖτις ἔβαινον νηὸς ἔπι γλαφυρῆς· ἐμὲ δʼ ἔκρυψαν θεοὶ αὐτοὶ ῥηϊδίως, καί με σταθμῷ ἐπέλασσαν ἄγοντες ἀνδρὸς ἐπισταμένου· ἔτι γάρ νύ μοι αἶσα βιῶναι.
Lines 267–307
But for the present, do thou go at daybreak to thy house and join the company of the haughty wooers. As for me, the swineherd will lead me later on to the city in the likeness of a woeful and aged beggar. And if they shall put despite on me in the house, let the heart in thy breast endure while I am evil entreated, even if they drag me by the feet through the house to the door, or hurl at me and smite me; still do thou endure to behold it. Thou shalt indeed bid them cease their folly, seeking to dissuade them with gentle words; yet in no wise and lay them away one and all in the secret place of the lofty store-room. And as for the wooers, when they miss the arms and question thee, do thou beguile them with gentle words, saying: “‘Out of the smoke have I laid them,1 since they are no longer like those which of old Odysseus left behind him when he went forth to Troy, but are all befouled so far as the breath of the fire has reached them. And furthermore this greater fear has the son of Cronos put in my heart, lest haply, when heated with wine, you may set a quarrel afoot among you and wound one another, and so bring shame on your feast and on your wooing. For of itself does the iron draw a man to it.’ “But for us two alone do thou leave behind two swords and two spears, and two ox-hide shields for us to grasp, that we may rush upon them and seize them; while as for the wooers, Pallas Athena and Zeus, the counsellor, will beguile them. And another thing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart. If in truth thou art my son and of our blood, then let no one hear that Odysseus is at home; neither let Laertes know it, nor the swineherd, nor any of the household, nor Penelope herself; but by ourselves thou and I will learn the temper of the women. Aye, and we will likewise make trial of many a one of the serving men, and see where any of them honours us two and fears us at heart, and who recks not of us and scorns thee, a man so goodly.”
οὐ μέν τοι κείνω γε πολὺν χρόνον ἀμφὶς ἔσεσθον φυλόπιδος κρατερῆς, ὁπότε μνηστῆρσι καὶ ἡμῖν ἐν μεγάροισιν ἐμοῖσι μένος κρίνηται Ἄρηος. ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν ἔρχευ ἅμʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφιν οἴκαδε, καὶ μνηστῆρσιν ὑπερφιάλοισιν ὁμίλει· αὐτὰρ ἐμὲ προτὶ ἄστυ συβώτης ὕστερον ἄξει, πτωχῷ λευγαλέῳ ἐναλίγκιον ἠδὲ γέροντι. εἰ δέ μʼ ἀτιμήσουσι δόμον κάτα, σὸν δὲ φίλον κῆρ τετλάτω ἐν στήθεσσι κακῶς πάσχοντος ἐμεῖο, ἤν περ καὶ διὰ δῶμα ποδῶν ἕλκωσι θύραζε βέλεσι βάλλωσι· σὺ δʼ εἰσορόων ἀνέχεσθαι. ἀλλʼ τοι παύεσθαι ἀνωγέμεν ἀφροσυνάων, μειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσι παραυδῶν· οἱ δέ τοι οὔ τι πείσονται· δὴ γάρ σφι παρίσταται αἴσιμον ἦμαρ. ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν· ὁππότε κεν πολύβουλος ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θῇσιν Ἀθήνη, νεύσω μέν τοι ἐγὼ κεφαλῇ, σὺ δʼ ἔπειτα νοήσας ὅσσα τοι ἐν μεγάροισιν Ἀρήϊα τεύχεα κεῖται ἐς μυχὸν ὑψηλοῦ θαλάμου καταθεῖναι ἀείρας πάντα μάλʼ· αὐτὰρ μνηστῆρας μαλακοῖς ἐπέεσσι παρφάσθαι, ὅτε κέν σε μεταλλῶσιν ποθέοντες· ἐκ καπνοῦ κατέθηκʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι τοῖσιν ἐῴκει οἷά ποτε Τροίηνδε κιὼν κατέλειπεν Ὀδυσσεύς, ἀλλὰ κατῄκισται, ὅσσον πυρὸς ἵκετʼ ἀϋτμή. πρὸς δʼ ἔτι καὶ τόδε μεῖζον ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε Κρονίων, μή πως οἰνωθέντες, ἔριν στήσαντες ἐν ὑμῖν, ἀλλήλους τρώσητε καταισχύνητέ τε δαῖτα καὶ μνηστύν· αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐφέλκεται ἄνδρα σίδηρος. νῶϊν δʼ οἴοισιν δύο φάσγανα καὶ δύο δοῦρε καλλιπέειν καὶ δοιὰ βοάγρια χερσὶν ἑλέσθαι, ὡς ἂν ἐπιθύσαντες ἑλοίμεθα· τοὺς δέ κʼ ἔπειτα Παλλὰς Ἀθηναίη θέλξει καὶ μητίετα Ζεύς. ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν· εἰ ἐτεόν γʼ ἐμός ἐσσι καὶ αἵματος ἡμετέροιο, μή τις ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἀκουσάτω ἔνδον ἐόντος, μήτʼ οὖν Λαέρτης ἴστω τό γε μήτε συβώτης μήτε τις οἰκήων μήτʼ αὐτὴ Πηνελόπεια, ἀλλʼ οἶοι σύ τʼ ἐγώ τε γυναικῶν γνώομεν ἰθύν· καί κέ τεο δμώων ἀνδρῶν ἔτι πειρηθεῖμεν, ἠμὲν ὅπου τις νῶϊ τίει καὶ δείδιε θυμῷ, ἠδʼ ὅτις οὐκ ἀλέγει, σὲ δʼ ἀτιμᾷ τοῖον ἐόντα.
Lines 25–36
Λοκροί τʼ ἀγχέμαχοι καὶ Φωκῆες μεγάθυμοι ἕσποντʼ· ἦρχε δὲ τοῖσιν ἐὺς πάις Ἀλκαίοιο κυδιόων λαοῖσι. πατὴρ δʼ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε ἄλλην μῆτιν ὕφαινε μετὰ φρεσίν, ὥς ῥα θεοῖσιν ἀνδράσι τʼ ἀλφηστῇσιν ἀρῆς ἀλκτῆρα φυτεύσαι. ὦρτο δʼ ἀπʼ Οὐλύμποιο δόλον φρεσὶ βυσσοδομεύων, ἱμείρων φιλότητος ἐυζώνοιο γυναικός, ἐννύχιος· τάχα δʼ ἷξε Τυφαόνιον· τόθεν αὖτις Φίκιον ἀκρότατον προσεβήσατο μητίετα Ζεύς. ἔνθα καθεζόμενος φρεσὶ μήδετο θέσκελα ἔργα· αὐτῇ μὲν γὰρ νυκτὶ τανυσφύρου Ἠλεκτρυώνης εὐνῇ καὶ φιλότητι μίγη, τέλεσεν δʼ ἄρʼ ἐέλδωρ·
Lines 308–429
and as it shall be brought to pass, that ye sit not by me here on this side and on that and prate endlessly. For hateful in my eyes, even as the gates of Hades, is that man that hideth one thing in his mind and sayeth another. Nay, I will speak what seemeth to me to be best. Not me, I ween, shall Atreus' son, Agamemnon, persuade, nor yet shall the other Danaans, seeing there were to be no thanks, it seemeth, for warring against the foeman ever without respite. Like portion hath he that abideth at home, and if one warreth his best, and in one honour are held both the coward and the brave; death cometh alike to the idle man and to him that worketh much. Neither have I aught of profit herein, that I suffered woes at heart, ever staking my life in fight. Even as a bird bringeth in her bill to her unfledged chicks whatever she may find, but with her own self it goeth ill, even so was I wont to watch through many a sleepless night, and bloody days did I pass in battle, fighting with warriors for their women's sake. from out all these I took much spoil and goodly, and all would I ever bring and give to Agamemnon, this son of Atreus; but he staying behind, even beside his swiftships, would take and apportion some small part, but keep the most. Some he gave as prizes to chieftains and kings, and for them they abide untouched; but from me alone of the Achaeans hath he taken and keepeth my wife,407.1 the darling of my heart. Let him lie by her side and take his joy. But why must the Argives wage war against the Trojans? Why hath he gathered and led hither his host, this son of Atreus? Was it not for fair-haired Helen's sake? Do they then alone of mortal men love their wives, these sons of Atreus? Nay, for whoso is a true man and sound of mind, loveth his own and cherisheth her, even as I too loved her with all my heart, though she was but the captive of my spear. But now, seeing he hath taken from my arms my prize, and hath deceived me, let him not tempt me that know him well; he shall not persuade me. Nay, Odysseus, together with thee and the other princes let him take thought to ward from the ships consuming fire. Verily full much hath he wrought without mine aid; lo, he hath builded a wall and digged a ditch hard by, wide and great, and therein hath he planted stakes; yet even so availeth he not to stay the might of man-slaying Hector. But so long as I was warring amid the Achaeans Hector had no mind to rouse battle far from the wall, but would come only so far as the Scaean gates and the oak-tree; there once he awaited me in single combat and hardly did he escape my onset. But now, seeing I am not minded to battle with goodly Hector, tomorrow will I do sacrifice to Zeus and all the gods, and heap well my ships, when I have launched them on the sea; then shalt thou see, if so be thou wilt, and carest aught therefor, my ships at early dawn sailing over the teeming Hellespont, and on board men right eager to ply the oar; and if so be the great Shaker of the Earth grants me fair voyaging, on the third day shall I reach deep-soiled Phthia. Possessions full many have I that I left on my ill-starred way hither, and yet more shall I bring from hence, gold and ruddy bronze, and fair-girdled women and grey iron—all that fell to me by lot; howbeit my prize hath he that gave it me taken back in his arrogant pride, even lord Agamemnon, son of Atreus. To him do ye declare all, even as I bid, openly, to the end that other Achaeans also may be wroth, if haply he hopeth to deceive yet some other of the Danaans, seeing he is ever clothed in shamelessness. Yet not in my face would he dare to look, though he have the front of a dog. for utterly hath he deceived me and sinned against me. Never again shall he beguile me with words; the past is enough for him. Nay, let him go to his ruin in comfort, seeing that Zeus the counsellor hath utterly robbed him of his wits. Hateful in my eyes are his gifts, I count them at a hair's409.1 worth. Not though he gave me ten times, aye twenty times all that now he hath, and if yet other should be added thereto I care not whence, not though it were all the wealth that goeth in to Orchomenus, or to Thebes of Egypt, where treasures in greatest store are laid up in men's houses,—Thebes which is a city of an hundred gates wherefrom sally forth through each two hundred warriors with horses and cars; —nay, not though he gave gifts in number as sand and dust; not even so shall Agamemnon any more persuade my soul, until he hath paid the full price of all the despite that stings my heart. And the daughter of Agamemnon, son of Atreus, will I not wed, not though she vied in beauty with golden Aphrodite and in handiwork were the peer of flashing-eyed Athene: not even so will I wed her; let him choose another of the Achaeans that is of like station with himself and more kingly than I. For if the gods preserve me, and I reach my home, Peleus methinks will thereafter of himself seek me a wife. Many Achaean maidens there be throughout Hellas and Phthia, daughters of chieftains that guard the cities; of these whomsoever I choose shall I make my dear wife. Full often was my proud spirit fain to take me there a wedded wife, a fitting helpmeet, and to have joy of the possessions that the old man Peleus won him. For in my eyes not of like worth with life is even all that wealth that men say Ilios possessed, the well-peopled citadel, of old in time of peace or ever the sons of the Achaeans came,—nay, nor all that the marble threshold of the Archer Phoebus Apollo encloseth in rocky Pytho. For by harrying may cattle be had and goodly sheep, and tripods by the winning and chestnut horses withal; but that the spirit of man should come again when once it hath passed the barrier of his teeth, neither harrying availeth nor winning. For my mother the goddess, silver-footed Thetis, telleth me that twofold fates are bearing me toward the doom of death: if I abide here and war about the city of the Trojans, then lost is my home-return, but my renown shall be imperishable; but if I return home to my dear native land, lost then is my glorious renown, yet shall my life long endure, neither shall the doom of death come soon upon me. hold forth his hand above her, and her people are filled with courage. But go ye your way and declare my message to the chieftains of the Achaeans—for that is the office of elders—to the end that they may devise some other plan in their minds better than this, even such as shall save their ships, and the host of the Achaeans beside the hollow ships; seeing this is not to be had for them, which now they have devised, by reason of the fierceness of my anger. Howbeit let Phoenix abide here with us, and lay him down to sleep, that he may follow with me on my ships to my dear native land on the morrow, if so he will; but perforce will I not take him.
διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ χρὴ μὲν δὴ τὸν μῦθον ἀπηλεγέως ἀποειπεῖν, περ δὴ φρονέω τε καὶ ὡς τετελεσμένον ἔσται, ὡς μή μοι τρύζητε παρήμενοι ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος. ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος ὁμῶς Ἀΐδαο πύλῃσιν ὅς χʼ ἕτερον μὲν κεύθῃ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἄλλο δὲ εἴπῃ. αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐρέω ὥς μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἄριστα· οὔτʼ ἔμεγʼ Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα πεισέμεν οἴω οὔτʼ ἄλλους Δαναούς, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄρα τις χάρις ἦεν μάρνασθαι δηΐοισιν ἐπʼ ἀνδράσι νωλεμὲς αἰεί. ἴση μοῖρα μένοντι καὶ εἰ μάλα τις πολεμίζοι· ἐν δὲ ἰῇ τιμῇ ἠμὲν κακὸς ἠδὲ καὶ ἐσθλός· κάτθανʼ ὁμῶς τʼ ἀεργὸς ἀνὴρ τε πολλὰ ἐοργώς. οὐδέ τί μοι περίκειται, ἐπεὶ πάθον ἄλγεα θυμῷ αἰεὶ ἐμὴν ψυχὴν παραβαλλόμενος πολεμίζειν. ὡς δʼ ὄρνις ἀπτῆσι νεοσσοῖσι προφέρῃσι μάστακʼ ἐπεί κε λάβῃσι, κακῶς δʼ ἄρα οἱ πέλει αὐτῇ, ὣς καὶ ἐγὼ πολλὰς μὲν ἀΰπνους νύκτας ἴαυον, ἤματα δʼ αἱματόεντα διέπρησσον πολεμίζων ἀνδράσι μαρνάμενος ὀάρων ἕνεκα σφετεράων. δώδεκα δὴ σὺν νηυσὶ πόλεις ἀλάπαξʼ ἀνθρώπων, πεζὸς δʼ ἕνδεκά φημι κατὰ Τροίην ἐρίβωλον· τάων ἐκ πασέων κειμήλια πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλὰ ἐξελόμην, καὶ πάντα φέρων Ἀγαμέμνονι δόσκον Ἀτρεΐδῃ· δʼ ὄπισθε μένων παρὰ νηυσὶ θοῇσι δεξάμενος διὰ παῦρα δασάσκετο, πολλὰ δʼ ἔχεσκεν. ἄλλα δʼ ἀριστήεσσι δίδου γέρα καὶ βασιλεῦσι· τοῖσι μὲν ἔμπεδα κεῖται, ἐμεῦ δʼ ἀπὸ μούνου Ἀχαιῶν εἵλετʼ, ἔχει δʼ ἄλοχον θυμαρέα· τῇ παριαύων τερπέσθω. τί δὲ δεῖ πολεμιζέμεναι Τρώεσσιν Ἀργείους; τί δὲ λαὸν ἀνήγαγεν ἐνθάδʼ ἀγείρας Ἀτρεΐδης; οὐχ Ἑλένης ἕνεκʼ ἠϋκόμοιο; μοῦνοι φιλέουσʼ ἀλόχους μερόπων ἀνθρώπων Ἀτρεΐδαι; ἐπεὶ ὅς τις ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς καὶ ἐχέφρων τὴν αὐτοῦ φιλέει καὶ κήδεται, ὡς καὶ ἐγὼ τὴν ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον δουρικτητήν περ ἐοῦσαν. νῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ ἐκ χειρῶν γέρας εἵλετο καί μʼ ἀπάτησε μή μευ πειράτω εὖ εἰδότος· οὐδέ με πείσει. ἀλλʼ Ὀδυσεῦ σὺν σοί τε καὶ ἄλλοισιν βασιλεῦσι φραζέσθω νήεσσιν ἀλεξέμεναι δήϊον πῦρ. μὲν δὴ μάλα πολλὰ πονήσατο νόσφιν ἐμεῖο, καὶ δὴ τεῖχος ἔδειμε, καὶ ἤλασε τάφρον ἐπʼ αὐτῷ εὐρεῖαν μεγάλην, ἐν δὲ σκόλοπας κατέπηξεν· ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς δύναται σθένος Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο ἴσχειν· ὄφρα δʼ ἐγὼ μετʼ Ἀχαιοῖσιν πολέμιζον οὐκ ἐθέλεσκε μάχην ἀπὸ τείχεος ὀρνύμεν Ἕκτωρ, ἀλλʼ ὅσον ἐς Σκαιάς τε πύλας καὶ φηγὸν ἵκανεν· ἔνθά ποτʼ οἶον ἔμιμνε, μόγις δέ μευ ἔκφυγεν ὁρμήν. νῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἐθέλω πολεμιζέμεν Ἕκτορι δίῳ αὔριον ἱρὰ Διὶ ῥέξας καὶ πᾶσι θεοῖσι νηήσας εὖ νῆας, ἐπὴν ἅλα δὲ προερύσσω, ὄψεαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα καὶ αἴ κέν τοι τὰ μεμήλῃ, ἦρι μάλʼ Ἑλλήσποντον ἐπʼ ἰχθυόεντα πλεούσας νῆας ἐμάς, ἐν δʼ ἄνδρας ἐρεσσέμεναι μεμαῶτας· εἰ δέ κεν εὐπλοίην δώῃ κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος ἤματί κε τριτάτῳ Φθίην ἐρίβωλον ἱκοίμην. ἔστι δέ μοι μάλα πολλά, τὰ κάλλιπον ἐνθάδε ἔρρων· ἄλλον δʼ ἐνθένδε χρυσὸν καὶ χαλκὸν ἐρυθρὸν ἠδὲ γυναῖκας ἐϋζώνους πολιόν τε σίδηρον ἄξομαι, ἅσσʼ ἔλαχόν γε· γέρας δέ μοι, ὅς περ ἔδωκεν, αὖτις ἐφυβρίζων ἕλετο κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων Ἀτρεΐδης· τῷ πάντʼ ἀγορευέμεν ὡς ἐπιτέλλω ἀμφαδόν, ὄφρα καὶ ἄλλοι ἐπισκύζωνται Ἀχαιοὶ εἴ τινά που Δαναῶν ἔτι ἔλπεται ἐξαπατήσειν αἰὲν ἀναιδείην ἐπιειμένος· οὐδʼ ἂν ἔμοιγε τετλαίη κύνεός περ ἐὼν εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι· οὐδέ τί οἱ βουλὰς συμφράσσομαι, οὐδὲ μὲν ἔργον· ἐκ γὰρ δή μʼ ἀπάτησε καὶ ἤλιτεν· οὐδʼ ἂν ἔτʼ αὖτις ἐξαπάφοιτʼ ἐπέεσσιν· ἅλις δέ οἱ· ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος ἐρρέτω· ἐκ γάρ εὑ φρένας εἵλετο μητίετα Ζεύς. ἐχθρὰ δέ μοι τοῦ δῶρα, τίω δέ μιν ἐν καρὸς αἴσῃ. οὐδʼ εἴ μοι δεκάκις τε καὶ εἰκοσάκις τόσα δοίη ὅσσά τέ οἱ νῦν ἔστι, καὶ εἴ ποθεν ἄλλα γένοιτο, οὐδʼ ὅσʼ ἐς Ὀρχομενὸν ποτινίσεται, οὐδʼ ὅσα Θήβας Αἰγυπτίας, ὅθι πλεῖστα δόμοις ἐν κτήματα κεῖται, αἵ θʼ ἑκατόμπυλοί εἰσι, διηκόσιοι δʼ ἀνʼ ἑκάστας ἀνέρες ἐξοιχνεῦσι σὺν ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν· οὐδʼ εἴ μοι τόσα δοίη ὅσα ψάμαθός τε κόνις τε, οὐδέ κεν ὧς ἔτι θυμὸν ἐμὸν πείσειʼ Ἀγαμέμνων πρίν γʼ ἀπὸ πᾶσαν ἐμοὶ δόμεναι θυμαλγέα λώβην. κούρην δʼ οὐ γαμέω Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο, οὐδʼ εἰ χρυσείῃ Ἀφροδίτῃ κάλλος ἐρίζοι, ἔργα δʼ Ἀθηναίῃ γλαυκώπιδι ἰσοφαρίζοι· οὐδέ μιν ὧς γαμέω· δʼ Ἀχαιῶν ἄλλον ἑλέσθω, ὅς τις οἷ τʼ ἐπέοικε καὶ ὃς βασιλεύτερός ἐστιν. ἢν γὰρ δή με σαῶσι θεοὶ καὶ οἴκαδʼ ἵκωμαι, Πηλεύς θήν μοι ἔπειτα γυναῖκά γε μάσσεται αὐτός. πολλαὶ Ἀχαιΐδες εἰσὶν ἀνʼ Ἑλλάδα τε Φθίην τε κοῦραι ἀριστήων, οἵ τε πτολίεθρα ῥύονται, τάων ἥν κʼ ἐθέλωμι φίλην ποιήσομʼ ἄκοιτιν. ἔνθα δέ μοι μάλα πολλὸν ἐπέσσυτο θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ γήμαντα μνηστὴν ἄλοχον ἐϊκυῖαν ἄκοιτιν κτήμασι τέρπεσθαι τὰ γέρων ἐκτήσατο Πηλεύς· οὐ γὰρ ἐμοὶ ψυχῆς ἀντάξιον οὐδʼ ὅσα φασὶν Ἴλιον ἐκτῆσθαι εὖ ναιόμενον πτολίεθρον τὸ πρὶν ἐπʼ εἰρήνης, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν, οὐδʼ ὅσα λάϊνος οὐδὸς ἀφήτορος ἐντὸς ἐέργει Φοίβου Ἀπόλλωνος Πυθοῖ ἔνι πετρηέσσῃ. ληϊστοὶ μὲν γάρ τε βόες καὶ ἴφια μῆλα, κτητοὶ δὲ τρίποδές τε καὶ ἵππων ξανθὰ κάρηνα, ἀνδρὸς δὲ ψυχὴ πάλιν ἐλθεῖν οὔτε λεϊστὴ οὔθʼ ἑλετή, ἐπεὶ ἄρ κεν ἀμείψεται ἕρκος ὀδόντων. μήτηρ γάρ τέ μέ φησι θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα διχθαδίας κῆρας φερέμεν θανάτοιο τέλος δέ. εἰ μέν κʼ αὖθι μένων Τρώων πόλιν ἀμφιμάχωμαι, ὤλετο μέν μοι νόστος, ἀτὰρ κλέος ἄφθιτον ἔσται· εἰ δέ κεν οἴκαδʼ ἵκωμι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν, ὤλετό μοι κλέος ἐσθλόν, ἐπὶ δηρὸν δέ μοι αἰὼν ἔσσεται, οὐδέ κέ μʼ ὦκα τέλος θανάτοιο κιχείη. καὶ δʼ ἂν τοῖς ἄλλοισιν ἐγὼ παραμυθησαίμην οἴκαδʼ ἀποπλείειν, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι δήετε τέκμωρ Ἰλίου αἰπεινῆς· μάλα γάρ ἑθεν εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς χεῖρα ἑὴν ὑπερέσχε, τεθαρσήκασι δὲ λαοί. ἀλλʼ ὑμεῖς μὲν ἰόντες ἀριστήεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν ἀγγελίην ἀπόφασθε· τὸ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ γερόντων· ὄφρʼ ἄλλην φράζωνται ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μῆτιν ἀμείνω, κέ σφιν νῆάς τε σαῷ καὶ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇς, ἐπεὶ οὔ σφισιν ἥδέ γʼ ἑτοίμη ἣν νῦν ἐφράσσαντο ἐμεῦ ἀπομηνίσαντος· Φοῖνιξ δʼ αὖθι παρʼ ἄμμι μένων κατακοιμηθήτω, ὄφρά μοι ἐν νήεσσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδʼ ἕπηται αὔριον ἢν ἐθέλῃσιν· ἀνάγκῃ δʼ οὔ τί μιν ἄξω.
Lattimore commentary
Achilleus alludes to the attacks he carried out in the area around Troy over the past nine years, such as the sack of Thebes. Orchomenos reached its peak of wealth in the thirteenth century BC. Unless this is a very ancient reminiscence, Thebes of Egypt (modern Luxor) could not be so described until its revival in fortunes after 715 BC (and before its destruction by the Assyrians in 663 BC). Thus some scholars believe the line offers a clue to the dating of the Iliad. Apollo’s shrine at Delphi (“Pytho”) contained vast wealth from dedications by Greeks and foreigners, and grew rapidly from the eighth century BC to become a Panhellenic sanctuary and international center. This crowning comparison by Achilleus gains ironic resonance when the audience knows that Achilleus’ son Neoptolemos later attacked Delphi in revenge for Apollo’s role in causing his father’s death. Only here do we learn of the prophecy, where it makes for the most powerful rhetorical effect. The phrase “glory shall be everlasting” (413) occurs only here, as well, but an etymologically matching phrase occurring in the poetic hymns of the Sanskrit Rig Veda (circa 1000 BC) has led scholars to believe this may be a formulaic remnant of Indo-European praise traditions.
Lines 434–605
the purpose of returning, neither art minded at all to ward from the swift ships consuming fire, for that wrath hath fallen upon thy heart; how can I then, dear child, be left here without thee, alone? It was to thee that the old horseman Peleus sent me on the day when he sent thee to Agamemnon, forth from Phthia, a mere child, knowing naught as yet of evil war, neither of gatherings wherein men wax preeminent. For this cause sent he me to instruct thee in all these things, to be both a speaker of words and a doer of deeds. Wherefore, dear child, I am not minded hereafter to be left alone without thee, nay, not though a god himself should pledge him to strip from me my old age and render me strong in youth as in the day when first I left Hellas, the home of fair women, fleeing from strife with my father Amyntor, son of Ormenus; for he waxed grievously wroth against me by reason of his fair-haired concubine, whom himself he ever cherished, and scorned his wife, my mother. So she besought me by my knees continually, to have dalliance with that other first myself, that the old man might be hateful in her eyes. that never should there sit upon his knees a dear child begotten of me; and the gods fulfilled his curse, even Zeus of the nether world and dread Persephone. Then I took counsel to slay him with the sharp sword, but some one of the immortals stayed mine anger, bringing to my mind the voice of the people and the many revilings of men, to the end that I should not be called a father-slayer amid the Achaeans. Then might the heart in my breast in no wise be any more stayed to linger in the halls of my angered father. My fellows verily and my kinsfolk beset me about with many prayers and sought to stay me there in the halls, and many goodly sheep did they slaughter, and sleek kine of shambling gait, and many swine, rich with fat, were stretched to singe over the flame of Hephaestus, and wine in plenty was drunk from the jars of that old man. For nine nights' space about mine own body did they watch the night through; in turn kept they watch, neither were the fires quenched, one beneath the portico of the well-fenced court, and one in the porch before the door of my chamber. Howbeit when the tenth dark night was come upon me, then verily I burst the cunningly fitted doors of my chamber and leapt the fence of the court full easily, unseen of the watchmen and the slave women. Thereafter I fled afar through spacious Hellas, and came to deep-soiled Phthia, mother of flocks, unto king Peleus; and he received me with a ready heart, and cherished me as a father cherisheth his only son and well-beloved, that is heir to great possessions; and he made me rich and gave much people to me, and I dwelt on the furthermost border of Phthia, ruling over the Dolopians. And I reared thee to be such as thou art, O godlike Achilles, loving thee from may heart; for with none other wouldest thou go to the feast neither take meat in the hall, till I had set thee on my knees and given thee thy fill of the savoury morsel cut first for thee, and had put the wine cup to thy lips. Full often hast thou wetted the tunic upon my breast, sputtering forth the wine in thy sorry helplessness. to the end that thou mayest hereafter save me from shameful ruin. Wherefore Achilles, do thou master thy proud spirit; it beseemeth thee not to have a pitiless heart. Nay, even the very gods can bend, and theirs withal is more excellent worth and honour and might. Their hearts by incense and reverent vows and libations and the savour of sacrifice do men turn from wrath with supplication, whenso any man transgresseth and doeth sin. For Prayers are the daughters of great Zeus, halting and wrinkled and of eyes askance,419.1 and they are ever mindful to follow in the steps of Sin. Howbeit Sin is strong and fleet of foot, wherefore she far out-runneth them all, and goeth before them over the face of all the earth making men to fall, and Prayers follow after, seeking to heal the hurt. Now whoso revereth the daughters of Zeus when they draw nigh, him they greatly bless, and hear him, when he prayeth; but if a man denieth them and stubbornly refuseth, then they go their way and make prayer to Zeus, son of Cronos, that Ate419.2 may follow after such a one to the end that he may fall and pay full atonement. Nay, Achilles, see thou too that reverence attend upon the daughters of Zeus, even such as bendeth the hearts of all men that are upright. For if the son of Atreus were not offering thee gifts and telling of yet others hereafter, but were ever furiously wroth, I of a surety should not bid thee cast aside thine anger and bear aid to the Argives even in their sore need. But now he offereth thee many gifts forthwith, and promiseth thee more hereafter, and hath sent forth warriors to beseech thee, choosing them that are best throughout the host of the Achaeans, and that to thine own self are dearest of the Argives; have not thou scorn of their words, neither of their coming hither; though till then no man could blame thee that thou wast wroth. Even in this manner have we heard the fame of men of old that were warriors, whenso furious wrath came upon any; won might they be by gifts, and turned aside by pleadings. Myself I bear in mind this deed of old days and not of yesterday, how it was; and I will tell it among you that are all my friends. The Curetes on a time were fighting and the Aetolians staunch in battle around the city of Calydon, and were slaying one another, the Aetolians defending lovely Calydon and the Curetes fain to waste it utterly in war. For upon their folk had Artemis of the golden throne sent a plague in wrath that Oeneus offered not to her the first-fruits of the harvest in his rich orchard land; whereas the other gods feasted on hecatombs, and it was to the daughter of great Zeus alone that he offered not, whether haply he forgat, or marked it not; and he was greatly blinded in heart. that wrought much evil, wasting421.1 the orchard land of Oeneus; many a tall tree did he uproot and cast upon the ground, aye, root and apple blossom therewith. But the boar did Meleager, son of Oeneus, slay, when he had gathered out of many cities huntsmen and hounds; for not of few men could the boar have been slain, so huge was he; and many a man set he upon the grievous pyre. But about his body the goddess brought to pass much clamour and shouting concerning his head and shaggy hide, between the Curetes and the great-souled Aetolians. Now so long as Meleager, dear to Ares, warred, so long went it ill with the Curetes, nor might they abide without their wall, for all they were very many. But when wrath entered into Meleager, wrath that maketh the heart to swell in the breasts also of others, even though they be wise, he then, wroth at heart against his dear mother423.1 Althaea, abode beside his wedded wife, the fair Cleopatra, daughter of Marpessa of the fair ankles, child of Evenus, and of Idas that was mightiest of men that were then upon the face of earth; who also took his bow to face the king Phoebus Apollo for the sake of the fair-ankled maid.423.2 Her of old in their halls had her father and honoured mother called Halcyone by name, for that the mother herself in a plight even as that of the halcyon-bird of many sorrows,423.3 wept because Apollo that worketh afar had snatched her child away. By her side lay Meleager nursing his bitter anger, wroth because of his mother's curses; for she prayed instantly to the gods, being grieved for her brother's slaying; and furthermore instantly beat with her hands upon the all-nurturing earth, calling upon Hades and dread Persephone, the while she knelt and made the folds of her bosom wet with tears, that they should bring death upon her son; and the Erinys that walketh in darkness heard her from Erebus, even she of the ungentle heart. Now anon was the din of the foemen risen about their gates, and the noise of the battering of walls, and to Meleager the elders of the Aetolians made prayer, sending to him the best of the priests of the gods, that he should come forth and succour them, and they promised him a mighty gift; they bade him, where the plain of lovely Calydon was fattest, there choose a fair tract of fifty acres, the half of it vineland, and the half clear plough-land, to be cut from out the plain. —but he denied them yet more—and earnestly his companions that were truest and dearest to him of all; yet not even so could they persuade the heart in his breast, until at the last his chamber was being hotly battered, and the Curetes were mounting upon the walls and firing the great city. Then verily his fair-girdled wife besought Meleager with wailing, and told him all the woes that come on men whose city is taken; the men are slain and the city is wasted by fire, and their children and low-girdled women are led captive of strangers. Then was his spirit stirred, as he heard the evil tale, and he went his way and did on his body his gleaming armour. Thus did he ward from the Aetolians the day of evil, yielding to his own spirit; and to him thereafter they paid not the gifts, many and gracious; yet even so did he ward from them evil. But, friend, let me not see thee thus minded in heart, neither let heaven turn thee into this path; it were a harder task to save the ships already burning. Nay, come while yet gifts may be had; the Achaeans shall honour thee even as a god. But if without gifts thou enter into the battle, the bane of men, thou shalt not then be in like honour, for all thou mayest ward off the battle.
εἰ μὲν δὴ νόστόν γε μετὰ φρεσὶ φαίδιμʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ βάλλεαι, οὐδέ τι πάμπαν ἀμύνειν νηυσὶ θοῇσι πῦρ ἐθέλεις ἀΐδηλον, ἐπεὶ χόλος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ, πῶς ἂν ἔπειτʼ ἀπὸ σεῖο φίλον τέκος αὖθι λιποίμην οἶος; σοὶ δέ μʼ ἔπεμπε γέρων ἱππηλάτα Πηλεὺς ἤματι τῷ ὅτε σʼ ἐκ Φθίης Ἀγαμέμνονι πέμπε νήπιον οὔ πω εἰδόθʼ ὁμοιΐου πολέμοιο οὐδʼ ἀγορέων, ἵνα τʼ ἄνδρες ἀριπρεπέες τελέθουσι. τοὔνεκά με προέηκε διδασκέμεναι τάδε πάντα, μύθων τε ῥητῆρʼ ἔμεναι πρηκτῆρά τε ἔργων. ὡς ἂν ἔπειτʼ ἀπὸ σεῖο φίλον τέκος οὐκ ἐθέλοιμι λείπεσθʼ, οὐδʼ εἴ κέν μοι ὑποσταίη θεὸς αὐτὸς γῆρας ἀποξύσας θήσειν νέον ἡβώοντα, οἷον ὅτε πρῶτον λίπον Ἑλλάδα καλλιγύναικα φεύγων νείκεα πατρὸς Ἀμύντορος Ὀρμενίδαο, ὅς μοι παλλακίδος περιχώσατο καλλικόμοιο, τὴν αὐτὸς φιλέεσκεν, ἀτιμάζεσκε δʼ ἄκοιτιν μητέρʼ ἐμήν· δʼ αἰὲν ἐμὲ λισσέσκετο γούνων παλλακίδι προμιγῆναι, ἵνʼ ἐχθήρειε γέροντα. τῇ πιθόμην καὶ ἔρεξα· πατὴρ δʼ ἐμὸς αὐτίκʼ ὀϊσθεὶς πολλὰ κατηρᾶτο, στυγερὰς δʼ ἐπεκέκλετʼ Ἐρινῦς, μή ποτε γούνασιν οἷσιν ἐφέσσεσθαι φίλον υἱὸν ἐξ ἐμέθεν γεγαῶτα· θεοὶ δʼ ἐτέλειον ἐπαρὰς Ζεύς τε καταχθόνιος καὶ ἐπαινὴ Περσεφόνεια. LINE 9.458> LINE 9.459> LINE 9.460> LINE 9.461> ἔνθʼ ἐμοὶ οὐκέτι πάμπαν ἐρητύετʼ ἐν φρεσὶ θυμὸς πατρὸς χωομένοιο κατὰ μέγαρα στρωφᾶσθαι. μὲν πολλὰ ἔται καὶ ἀνεψιοὶ ἀμφὶς ἐόντες αὐτοῦ λισσόμενοι κατερήτυον ἐν μεγάροισι, πολλὰ δὲ ἴφια μῆλα καὶ εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς ἔσφαζον, πολλοὶ δὲ σύες θαλέθοντες ἀλοιφῇ εὑόμενοι τανύοντο διὰ φλογὸς Ἡφαίστοιο, πολλὸν δʼ ἐκ κεράμων μέθυ πίνετο τοῖο γέροντος. εἰνάνυχες δέ μοι ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ παρὰ νύκτας ἴαυον· οἳ μὲν ἀμειβόμενοι φυλακὰς ἔχον, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἔσβη πῦρ, ἕτερον μὲν ὑπʼ αἰθούσῃ εὐερκέος αὐλῆς, ἄλλο δʼ ἐνὶ προδόμῳ, πρόσθεν θαλάμοιο θυράων. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ δεκάτη μοι ἐπήλυθε νὺξ ἐρεβεννή, καὶ τότʼ ἐγὼ θαλάμοιο θύρας πυκινῶς ἀραρυίας ῥήξας ἐξῆλθον, καὶ ὑπέρθορον ἑρκίον αὐλῆς ῥεῖα, λαθὼν φύλακάς τʼ ἄνδρας δμῳάς τε γυναῖκας. φεῦγον ἔπειτʼ ἀπάνευθε διʼ Ἑλλάδος εὐρυχόροιο, Φθίην δʼ ἐξικόμην ἐριβώλακα μητέρα μήλων ἐς Πηλῆα ἄναχθʼ· δέ με πρόφρων ὑπέδεκτο, καί μʼ ἐφίλησʼ ὡς εἴ τε πατὴρ ὃν παῖδα φιλήσῃ μοῦνον τηλύγετον πολλοῖσιν ἐπὶ κτεάτεσσι, καί μʼ ἀφνειὸν ἔθηκε, πολὺν δέ μοι ὤπασε λαόν· ναῖον δʼ ἐσχατιὴν Φθίης Δολόπεσσιν ἀνάσσων. καί σε τοσοῦτον ἔθηκα θεοῖς ἐπιείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ, ἐκ θυμοῦ φιλέων, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἐθέλεσκες ἅμʼ ἄλλῳ οὔτʼ ἐς δαῖτʼ ἰέναι οὔτʼ ἐν μεγάροισι πάσασθαι, πρίν γʼ ὅτε δή σʼ ἐπʼ ἐμοῖσιν ἐγὼ γούνεσσι καθίσσας ὄψου τʼ ἄσαιμι προταμὼν καὶ οἶνον ἐπισχών. πολλάκι μοι κατέδευσας ἐπὶ στήθεσσι χιτῶνα οἴνου ἀποβλύζων ἐν νηπιέῃ ἀλεγεινῇ. ὣς ἐπὶ σοὶ μάλα πολλὰ πάθον καὶ πολλὰ μόγησα, τὰ φρονέων μοι οὔ τι θεοὶ γόνον ἐξετέλειον ἐξ ἐμεῦ· ἀλλὰ σὲ παῖδα θεοῖς ἐπιείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ ποιεύμην, ἵνα μοί ποτʼ ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀμύνῃς. ἀλλʼ Ἀχιλεῦ δάμασον θυμὸν μέγαν· οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ νηλεὲς ἦτορ ἔχειν· στρεπτοὶ δέ τε καὶ θεοὶ αὐτοί, τῶν περ καὶ μείζων ἀρετὴ τιμή τε βίη τε. καὶ μὲν τοὺς θυέεσσι καὶ εὐχωλῇς ἀγανῇσι λοιβῇ τε κνίσῃ τε παρατρωπῶσʼ ἄνθρωποι λισσόμενοι, ὅτε κέν τις ὑπερβήῃ καὶ ἁμάρτῃ. καὶ γάρ τε λιταί εἰσι Διὸς κοῦραι μεγάλοιο χωλαί τε ῥυσαί τε παραβλῶπές τʼ ὀφθαλμώ, αἵ ῥά τε καὶ μετόπισθʼ ἄτης ἀλέγουσι κιοῦσαι. δʼ ἄτη σθεναρή τε καὶ ἀρτίπος, οὕνεκα πάσας πολλὸν ὑπεκπροθέει, φθάνει δέ τε πᾶσαν ἐπʼ αἶαν βλάπτουσʼ ἀνθρώπους· αἳ δʼ ἐξακέονται ὀπίσσω. ὃς μέν τʼ αἰδέσεται κούρας Διὸς ἆσσον ἰούσας, τὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὤνησαν καί τʼ ἔκλυον εὐχομένοιο· ὃς δέ κʼ ἀνήνηται καί τε στερεῶς ἀποείπῃ, λίσσονται δʼ ἄρα ταί γε Δία Κρονίωνα κιοῦσαι τῷ ἄτην ἅμʼ ἕπεσθαι, ἵνα βλαφθεὶς ἀποτίσῃ. ἀλλʼ Ἀχιλεῦ πόρε καὶ σὺ Διὸς κούρῃσιν ἕπεσθαι τιμήν, τʼ ἄλλων περ ἐπιγνάμπτει νόον ἐσθλῶν. εἰ μὲν γὰρ μὴ δῶρα φέροι τὰ δʼ ὄπισθʼ ὀνομάζοι Ἀτρεΐδης, ἀλλʼ αἰὲν ἐπιζαφελῶς χαλεπαίνοι, οὐκ ἂν ἔγωγέ σε μῆνιν ἀπορρίψαντα κελοίμην Ἀργείοισιν ἀμυνέμεναι χατέουσί περ ἔμπης· νῦν δʼ ἅμα τʼ αὐτίκα πολλὰ διδοῖ τὰ δʼ ὄπισθεν ὑπέστη, ἄνδρας δὲ λίσσεσθαι ἐπιπροέηκεν ἀρίστους κρινάμενος κατὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιϊκόν, οἵ τε σοὶ αὐτῷ φίλτατοι Ἀργείων· τῶν μὴ σύ γε μῦθον ἐλέγξῃς μηδὲ πόδας· πρὶν δʼ οὔ τι νεμεσσητὸν κεχολῶσθαι. οὕτω καὶ τῶν πρόσθεν ἐπευθόμεθα κλέα ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων, ὅτε κέν τινʼ ἐπιζάφελος χόλος ἵκοι· δωρητοί τε πέλοντο παράρρητοί τʼ ἐπέεσσι. μέμνημαι τόδε ἔργον ἐγὼ πάλαι οὔ τι νέον γε ὡς ἦν· ἐν δʼ ὑμῖν ἐρέω πάντεσσι φίλοισι. Κουρῆτές τʼ ἐμάχοντο καὶ Αἰτωλοὶ μενεχάρμαι ἀμφὶ πόλιν Καλυδῶνα καὶ ἀλλήλους ἐνάριζον, Αἰτωλοὶ μὲν ἀμυνόμενοι Καλυδῶνος ἐραννῆς, Κουρῆτες δὲ διαπραθέειν μεμαῶτες Ἄρηϊ. καὶ γὰρ τοῖσι κακὸν χρυσόθρονος Ἄρτεμις ὦρσε χωσαμένη οἱ οὔ τι θαλύσια γουνῷ ἀλωῆς Οἰνεὺς ῥέξʼ· ἄλλοι δὲ θεοὶ δαίνυνθʼ ἑκατόμβας, οἴῃ δʼ οὐκ ἔρρεξε Διὸς κούρῃ μεγάλοιο. λάθετʼ οὐκ ἐνόησεν· ἀάσατο δὲ μέγα θυμῷ. δὲ χολωσαμένη δῖον γένος ἰοχέαιρα ὦρσεν ἔπι χλούνην σῦν ἄγριον ἀργιόδοντα, ὃς κακὰ πόλλʼ ἕρδεσκεν ἔθων Οἰνῆος ἀλωήν· πολλὰ δʼ γε προθέλυμνα χαμαὶ βάλε δένδρεα μακρὰ αὐτῇσιν ῥίζῃσι καὶ αὐτοῖς ἄνθεσι μήλων. τὸν δʼ υἱὸς Οἰνῆος ἀπέκτεινεν Μελέαγρος πολλέων ἐκ πολίων θηρήτορας ἄνδρας ἀγείρας καὶ κύνας· οὐ μὲν γάρ κε δάμη παύροισι βροτοῖσι· τόσσος ἔην, πολλοὺς δὲ πυρῆς ἐπέβησʼ ἀλεγεινῆς. δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ θῆκε πολὺν κέλαδον καὶ ἀϋτὴν ἀμφὶ συὸς κεφαλῇ καὶ δέρματι λαχνήεντι, Κουρήτων τε μεσηγὺ καὶ Αἰτωλῶν μεγαθύμων. ὄφρα μὲν οὖν Μελέαγρος ἄρηι φίλος πολέμιζε, τόφρα δὲ Κουρήτεσσι κακῶς ἦν, οὐδὲ δύναντο τείχεος ἔκτοσθεν μίμνειν πολέες περ ἐόντες· ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Μελέαγρον ἔδυ χόλος, ὅς τε καὶ ἄλλων οἰδάνει ἐν στήθεσσι νόον πύκα περ φρονεόντων, ἤτοι μητρὶ φίλῃ Ἀλθαίῃ χωόμενος κῆρ κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ καλῇ Κλεοπάτρῃ κούρῃ Μαρπήσσης καλλισφύρου Εὐηνίνης Ἴδεώ θʼ, ὃς κάρτιστος ἐπιχθονίων γένετʼ ἀνδρῶν τῶν τότε· καί ῥα ἄνακτος ἐναντίον εἵλετο τόξον Φοίβου Ἀπόλλωνος καλλισφύρου εἵνεκα νύμφης, τὴν δὲ τότʼ ἐν μεγάροισι πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ Ἀλκυόνην καλέεσκον ἐπώνυμον, οὕνεκʼ ἄρʼ αὐτῆς μήτηρ ἀλκυόνος πολυπενθέος οἶτον ἔχουσα κλαῖεν μιν ἑκάεργος ἀνήρπασε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων· τῇ γε παρκατέλεκτο χόλον θυμαλγέα πέσσων ἐξ ἀρέων μητρὸς κεχολωμένος, ῥα θεοῖσι πόλλʼ ἀχέουσʼ ἠρᾶτο κασιγνήτοιο φόνοιο, πολλὰ δὲ καὶ γαῖαν πολυφόρβην χερσὶν ἀλοία κικλήσκουσʼ Ἀΐδην καὶ ἐπαινὴν Περσεφόνειαν πρόχνυ καθεζομένη, δεύοντο δὲ δάκρυσι κόλποι, παιδὶ δόμεν θάνατον· τῆς δʼ ἠεροφοῖτις Ἐρινὺς ἔκλυεν ἐξ Ἐρέβεσφιν ἀμείλιχον ἦτορ ἔχουσα. τῶν δὲ τάχʼ ἀμφὶ πύλας ὅμαδος καὶ δοῦπος ὀρώρει πύργων βαλλομένων· τὸν δὲ λίσσοντο γέροντες Αἰτωλῶν, πέμπον δὲ θεῶν ἱερῆας ἀρίστους, ἐξελθεῖν καὶ ἀμῦναι ὑποσχόμενοι μέγα δῶρον· ὁππόθι πιότατον πεδίον Καλυδῶνος ἐραννῆς, ἔνθά μιν ἤνωγον τέμενος περικαλλὲς ἑλέσθαι πεντηκοντόγυον, τὸ μὲν ἥμισυ οἰνοπέδοιο, ἥμισυ δὲ ψιλὴν ἄροσιν πεδίοιο ταμέσθαι. πολλὰ δέ μιν λιτάνευε γέρων ἱππηλάτα Οἰνεὺς οὐδοῦ ἐπεμβεβαὼς ὑψηρεφέος θαλάμοιο σείων κολλητὰς σανίδας γουνούμενος υἱόν· πολλὰ δὲ τόν γε κασίγνηται καὶ πότνια μήτηρ ἐλλίσσονθʼ· δὲ μᾶλλον ἀναίνετο· πολλὰ δʼ ἑταῖροι, οἵ οἱ κεδνότατοι καὶ φίλτατοι ἦσαν ἁπάντων· ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς τοῦ θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἔπειθον, πρίν γʼ ὅτε δὴ θάλαμος πύκʼ ἐβάλλετο, τοὶ δʼ ἐπὶ πύργων βαῖνον Κουρῆτες καὶ ἐνέπρηθον μέγα ἄστυ. καὶ τότε δὴ Μελέαγρον ἐΰζωνος παράκοιτις λίσσετʼ ὀδυρομένη, καί οἱ κατέλεξεν ἅπαντα κήδεʼ, ὅσʼ ἀνθρώποισι πέλει τῶν ἄστυ ἁλώῃ· ἄνδρας μὲν κτείνουσι, πόλιν δέ τε πῦρ ἀμαθύνει, τέκνα δέ τʼ ἄλλοι ἄγουσι βαθυζώνους τε γυναῖκας. τοῦ δʼ ὠρίνετο θυμὸς ἀκούοντος κακὰ ἔργα, βῆ δʼ ἰέναι, χροῒ δʼ ἔντεʼ ἐδύσετο παμφανόωντα. ὣς μὲν Αἰτωλοῖσιν ἀπήμυνεν κακὸν ἦμαρ εἴξας θυμῷ· τῷ δʼ οὐκέτι δῶρα τέλεσσαν πολλά τε καὶ χαρίεντα, κακὸν δʼ ἤμυνε καὶ αὔτως. ἀλλὰ σὺ μή μοι ταῦτα νόει φρεσί, μὴ δέ σε δαίμων ἐνταῦθα τρέψειε φίλος· κάκιον δέ κεν εἴη νηυσὶν καιομένῃσιν ἀμυνέμεν· ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ δώρων ἔρχεο· ἶσον γάρ σε θεῷ τίσουσιν Ἀχαιοί. εἰ δέ κʼ ἄτερ δώρων πόλεμον φθισήνορα δύῃς οὐκέθʼ ὁμῶς τιμῆς ἔσεαι πόλεμόν περ ἀλαλκών.
Lattimore commentary
The most concise summary of heroic expectations in the Iliad balances words and deeds. Achilleus’ speaking ability has just been shown, so Phoinix’s teaching succeeded; his autobiographical account therefore gains credibility as well. In other sources, the centaur Cheiron is said to have tutored Achilleus, but the Iliad prefers realistic persons to fantasy creatures. Just as Peleus acted as foster father to Phoinix, so the old tutor can claim to be a father figure to Achilleus, freely admitting that he treated him as the son he was cursed never to have. The personified Prayers and Ruin are described in ways that match their behavior. The former are halting and wrinkled because they act slowly, while the latter (Atê, “ruinous blindness”), comes swiftly upon her victims. It is appropriate that the Prayers be old, since the aged Phoinix himself is embodying the Greek entreaty. Phoinix’s third mode of communicating, after allegory and autobiography, is, like the epic itself, a recollection of famous mortal feats. The Kalydonian boar hunt was among the most important joint heroic undertakings of an earlier generation. A war erupted over the division of spoils (note the Iliadic theme) between Kalydon and its neighbor Pleuron (the city of the Kouretes), both located near modern Messolonghi on the northwestern shore of the Corinthian Gulf. In most sources Althaia, the wife of Oineus, has concealed a brand which, at the suggestion of the Fates, she snatched from the fire when Meleagros was born. As long as it remains unburnt, her son will live. When he accidentally kills her brothers in the boar hunt, Althaia returns the wood to the fire and he dies. In the Homeric version, the motif of the hero being angry at his mother’s curse prolongs the episode and makes it more closely match the details of Achilleus’ situation. The Erinys appears here for the second time in Phoinix’s speech (cf. the furies at 454, his father’s curse). The goddesses (most often pluralized) enacted vengeance for murder or other offences involving kin. Their most famous representation in Classical literature comes in the Eumenides (“Kindly Ones”), the third play of the Oresteia trilogy of Aeschylus (produced 458 BC). Kleopatra, whose brief biography is given at 556, has a name that matches semantically “Patroklos,” both meaning “ancestor glory.” Her role as the closest person in Meleagros’ affection and only successful pleader parallels that of the companion of Achilleus. It may be a convenient fiction on the part of Phoinix to make the hero heed his friend.
Lines 155–183
Nay, valiant though thou art, godlike Achilles, urge not on this wise the sons of the Achaeans to go fasting against Ilios to do battle with the men of Troy, since not for a short space shall the battle last when once the ranks of men are met and the god breathes might into either host.But bid thou the Achaeans by their swift ships to taste of food and wine; since therein is courage and strength. For there is no man that shall be able the whole day long until set of sun to fight against the foe, fasting the while from food; for though in his heart he be eager for battle,yet his limbs wax heavy unawares and thirst cometh upon him and hunger withal, and his knees grow weary as he goeth. But whoso, having had his fill of wine and food, fighteth the whole day long against the foemen, lo, his heart within him is of good cheer, and his limbs wax not wearyuntil all withdraw them from battle. Come then, dismiss thou the host, and bid them make ready their meal. And as touching the gifts, let Agamemnon, king of men, bring them forth into the midst of the place of gathering, that all the Achaeans may behold them with their eyes, and thou be made glad at heart. And let him rise up in the midst of the Argivesand swear to thee an oath, that never hath he gone up into the woman's bed neither had dalliance with her, as is the appointed way, O king, of men and of women; and let the heart in thine own breast be open to appeasement. Thereafter let him make amends to thee in his hut with a feast full rich,that thou mayest have nothing lacking of thy due. Son of Atreus, towards others also shalt thou be more righteous hereafter; for in no wise is it blame for a king to make amends to another, if so be he wax wroth without a cause. But bid thou the Achaeans by their swift ships to taste of food and wine; since therein is courage and strength. For there is no man that shall be able the whole day long until set of sun to fight against the foe, fasting the while from food; for though in his heart he be eager for battle, yet his limbs wax heavy unawares and thirst cometh upon him and hunger withal, and his knees grow weary as he goeth. But whoso, having had his fill of wine and food, fighteth the whole day long against the foemen, lo, his heart within him is of good cheer, and his limbs wax not weary until all withdraw them from battle. Come then, dismiss thou the host, and bid them make ready their meal. And as touching the gifts, let Agamemnon, king of men, bring them forth into the midst of the place of gathering, that all the Achaeans may behold them with their eyes, and thou be made glad at heart. And let him rise up in the midst of the Argives and swear to thee an oath, that never hath he gone up into the woman's bed neither had dalliance with her, as is the appointed way, O king, of men and of women; and let the heart in thine own breast be open to appeasement. Thereafter let him make amends to thee in his hut with a feast full rich, that thou mayest have nothing lacking of thy due. Son of Atreus, towards others also shalt thou be more righteous hereafter; for in no wise is it blame for a king to make amends to another, if so be he wax wroth without a cause.
μὴ δʼ οὕτως, ἀγαθός περ ἐών, θεοείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ νήστιας ὄτρυνε προτὶ Ἴλιον υἷας Ἀχαιῶν Τρωσὶ μαχησομένους, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ὀλίγον χρόνον ἔσται φύλοπις, εὖτʼ ἂν πρῶτον ὁμιλήσωσι φάλαγγες ἀνδρῶν, ἐν δὲ θεὸς πνεύσῃ μένος ἀμφοτέροισιν. ἀλλὰ πάσασθαι ἄνωχθι θοῇς ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιοὺς σίτου καὶ οἴνοιο· τὸ γὰρ μένος ἐστὶ καὶ ἀλκή. οὐ γὰρ ἀνὴρ πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα ἄκμηνος σίτοιο δυνήσεται ἄντα μάχεσθαι· εἴ περ γὰρ θυμῷ γε μενοινάᾳ πολεμίζειν, ἀλλά τε λάθρῃ γυῖα βαρύνεται, ἠδὲ κιχάνει δίψά τε καὶ λιμός, βλάβεται δέ τε γούνατʼ ἰόντι. ὃς δέ κʼ ἀνὴρ οἴνοιο κορεσσάμενος καὶ ἐδωδῆς ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσι πανημέριος πολεμίζῃ, θαρσαλέον νύ οἱ ἦτορ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, οὐδέ τι γυῖα πρὶν κάμνει πρὶν πάντας ἐρωῆσαι πολέμοιο. ἀλλʼ ἄγε λαὸν μὲν σκέδασον καὶ δεῖπνον ἄνωχθι ὅπλεσθαι· τὰ δὲ δῶρα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων οἰσέτω ἐς μέσσην ἀγορήν, ἵνα πάντες Ἀχαιοὶ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδωσι, σὺ δὲ φρεσὶ σῇσιν ἰανθῇς. ὀμνυέτω δέ τοι ὅρκον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἀναστὰς μή ποτε τῆς εὐνῆς ἐπιβήμεναι ἠδὲ μιγῆναι· θέμις ἐστὶν ἄναξ τʼ ἀνδρῶν τε γυναικῶν· καὶ δὲ σοὶ αὐτῷ θυμὸς ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἵλαος ἔστω. αὐτὰρ ἔπειτά σε δαιτὶ ἐνὶ κλισίῃς ἀρεσάσθω πιείρῃ, ἵνα μή τι δίκης ἐπιδευὲς ἔχῃσθα. Ἀτρεΐδη σὺ δʼ ἔπειτα δικαιότερος καὶ ἐπʼ ἄλλῳ ἔσσεαι. οὐ μὲν γάρ τι νεμεσσητὸν βασιλῆα ἄνδρʼ ἀπαρέσσασθαι ὅτε τις πρότερος χαλεπήνῃ.
Lattimore commentary
Odysseus’ remarks on diet and exercise appear out of place. But they fit well with the Odyssey version of this hero, deeply involved with food and drink (see Pietro Pucci, The Song of the Sirens: Essays on Homer Lanham, MD, 1998). A contrast is also made with Achilleus’ own words in book 24, persuading Priam to put aside mourning and eat.
Lines 208–225
either in stature or in form, but like mortal men. Whomsoever ye know among men who bear greatest burden of woe, to them might I liken myself in my sorrows. Yea, and I could tell a yet longer tale of all the evils which I have endured by the will of the gods. But as for me, suffer me now to eat, despite my grief; for there is nothing more shameless than a hateful belly, which bids a man perforce take thought thereof, be he never so sore distressed and laden with grief at heart, even as I, too, am laden with grief at heart, yet ever does my belly bid me eat and drink, and makes me forget all that I have suffered, and commands me to eat my fill. But do ye make haste at break of day, that ye may set me, hapless one, on the soil of my native land, even after my many woes. Yea, let life leave me, when I have seen once more my possessions, my slaves, and my great high-roofed house.” So he spoke, and they all praised his words, and bade send the stranger on his way, since he had spoken fittingly. Then when they had poured libations, and had drunk to their heart's content, they went each man to his home, to take their rest,
Ἀλκίνοʼ, ἄλλο τί τοι μελέτω φρεσίν· οὐ γὰρ ἐγώ γε ἀθανάτοισιν ἔοικα, τοὶ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχουσιν, οὐ δέμας οὐδὲ φυήν, ἀλλὰ θνητοῖσι βροτοῖσιν. οὕς τινας ὑμεῖς ἴστε μάλιστʼ ὀχέοντας ὀιζὺν ἀνθρώπων, τοῖσίν κεν ἐν ἄλγεσιν ἰσωσαίμην. καὶ δʼ ἔτι κεν καὶ μᾶλλον ἐγὼ κακὰ μυθησαίμην, ὅσσα γε δὴ ξύμπαντα θεῶν ἰότητι μόγησα. ἀλλʼ ἐμὲ μὲν δορπῆσαι ἐάσατε κηδόμενόν περ· οὐ γάρ τι στυγερῇ ἐπὶ γαστέρι κύντερον ἄλλο ἔπλετο, τʼ ἐκέλευσεν ἕο μνήσασθαι ἀνάγκῃ καὶ μάλα τειρόμενον καὶ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ πένθος ἔχοντα, ὡς καὶ ἐγὼ πένθος μὲν ἔχω φρεσίν, δὲ μάλʼ αἰεὶ ἐσθέμεναι κέλεται καὶ πινέμεν, ἐκ δέ με πάντων ληθάνει ὅσσʼ ἔπαθον, καὶ ἐνιπλησθῆναι ἀνώγει. ὑμεῖς δʼ ὀτρύνεσθαι ἅμʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφιν, ὥς κʼ ἐμὲ τὸν δύστηνον ἐμῆς ἐπιβήσετε πάτρης καί περ πολλὰ παθόντα· ἰδόντα με καὶ λίποι αἰὼν κτῆσιν ἐμήν, δμῶάς τε καὶ ὑψερεφὲς μέγα δῶμα.
Lines 536–586
from that time yon stranger has never ceased from sorrowful lamentation; surely, methinks, grief has encompassed his heart. Nay, let the minstrel cease, that we may all make merry, hosts and guest alike, since it is better thus. Lo, for the sake of the honored stranger all these things have been made ready, his sending and the gifts of friendship which we give him of our love. Dear as a brother is the stranger and the suppliant to a man whose wits have never so short a range. Therefore do not thou longer hide with crafty thought whatever I shall ask thee;to speak out plainly is the better course. Tell me the name by which they were wont to call thee in thy home, even thy mother and thy father and other folk besides, thy townsmen and the dwellers round about. For there is no one of all mankind who is nameless, be he base man or noble, when once he has been born, but parents bestow names on all when they give them birth. And tell me thy country, thy people, and thy city, that our ships may convey thee thither, discerning the course by their wits. For the Phaeacians have no pilots, nor steering-oars such as other ships have, but their ships of themselves understand the thoughts and minds of men, and they know the cities and rich fields of all peoples, and most swiftly do they cross over the gulf of the sea, hidden in mist and cloud, nor ever have they fear of harm or ruin. Yet this story I once heard thus told by my father Nausithous, who was wont to say that Poseidon was wroth with us because we give safe convoy to all men. He said that someday, as a well-built ship of the Phaeacians was returning from a convoy over the misty deep, Poseidon would smite her and would fling a great mountain about our city.1 So that old man spoke, and these things the god will haply bring to pass, or will leave unfulfilled, as may be his good pleasure. But come, now, tell me this and declare it truly: whither thou hast wandered and to what countries of men thou hast come; tell me of the people and of their well-built cities, both of those who are cruel and wild and unjust, and of those who love strangers and fear the gods in their thoughts. And tell me why thou dost weep and wail in spirit as thou hearest the doom of the Argive Danaans and of Ilios. This the gods wrought, and spun the skein of ruin for men, that there might be a song for those yet to be born. Did some kinsman of thine fall before Ilios, some good, true man, thy daughter's husband or thy wife's father, such as are nearest to one after one's own kin and blood? Or was it haply some comrade dear to thy heart, some good, true man? For no whit worse than a brother is a comrade who has an understanding heart.”
κέκλυτε, Φαιήκων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες, Δημόδοκος δʼ ἤδη σχεθέτω φόρμιγγα λίγειαν· οὐ γάρ πως πάντεσσι χαριζόμενος τάδʼ ἀείδει. ἐξ οὗ δορπέομέν τε καὶ ὤρορε θεῖος ἀοιδός, ἐκ τοῦ δʼ οὔ πω παύσατʼ ὀιζυροῖο γόοιο ξεῖνος· μάλα πού μιν ἄχος φρένας ἀμφιβέβηκεν. ἀλλʼ ἄγʼ μὲν σχεθέτω, ἵνʼ ὁμῶς τερπώμεθα πάντες, ξεινοδόκοι καὶ ξεῖνος, ἐπεὶ πολὺ κάλλιον οὕτως· εἵνεκα γὰρ ξείνοιο τάδʼ αἰδοίοιο τέτυκται, πομπὴ καὶ φίλα δῶρα, τά οἱ δίδομεν φιλέοντες. ἀντὶ κασιγνήτου ξεῖνός θʼ ἱκέτης τε τέτυκται ἀνέρι, ὅς τʼ ὀλίγον περ ἐπιψαύῃ πραπίδεσσι. τῷ νῦν μηδὲ σὺ κεῦθε νοήμασι κερδαλέοισιν ὅττι κέ σʼ εἴρωμαι· φάσθαι δέ σε κάλλιόν ἐστιν. εἴπʼ ὄνομʼ ὅττι σε κεῖθι κάλεον μήτηρ τε πατήρ τε ἄλλοι θʼ οἳ κατὰ ἄστυ καὶ οἳ περιναιετάουσιν. οὐ μὲν γάρ τις πάμπαν ἀνώνυμός ἐστʼ ἀνθρώπων, οὐ κακὸς οὐδὲ μὲν ἐσθλός, ἐπὴν τὰ πρῶτα γένηται, ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ πᾶσι τίθενται, ἐπεί κε τέκωσι, τοκῆες. εἰπὲ δέ μοι γαῖάν τε· τεὴν δῆμόν τε πόλιν τε, ὄφρα σε τῇ πέμπωσι τιτυσκόμεναι φρεσὶ νῆες· οὐ γὰρ Φαιήκεσσι κυβερνητῆρες ἔασιν, οὐδέ τι πηδάλιʼ ἔστι, τά τʼ ἄλλαι νῆες ἔχουσιν· ἀλλʼ αὐταὶ ἴσασι νοήματα καὶ φρένας ἀνδρῶν, καὶ πάντων ἴσασι πόλιας καὶ πίονας ἀγροὺς ἀνθρώπων, καὶ λαῖτμα τάχισθʼ ἁλὸς ἐκπερόωσιν ἠέρι καὶ νεφέλῃ κεκαλυμμέναι· οὐδέ ποτέ σφιν οὔτε τι πημανθῆναι ἔπι δέος οὔτʼ ἀπολέσθαι. ἀλλὰ τόδʼ ὥς ποτε πατρὸς ἐγὼν εἰπόντος ἄκουσα Ναυσιθόου, ὃς ἔφασκε Ποσειδάωνʼ ἀγάσασθαι ἡμῖν, οὕνεκα πομποὶ ἀπήμονές εἰμεν ἁπάντων. φῆ ποτὲ Φαιήκων ἀνδρῶν ἐυεργέα νῆα ἐκ πομπῆς ἀνιοῦσαν ἐν ἠεροειδέι πόντῳ ῥαισέμεναι, μέγα δʼ ἧμιν ὄρος πόλει ἀμφικαλύψειν. ὣς ἀγόρευʼ γέρων· τὰ δέ κεν θεὸς τελέσειεν κʼ ἀτέλεστʼ εἴη, ὥς οἱ φίλον ἔπλετο θυμῷ· ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον, ὅππῃ ἀπεπλάγχθης τε καὶ ἅς τινας ἵκεο χώρας ἀνθρώπων, αὐτούς τε πόλιάς τʼ ἐὺ ναιετοώσας, ἠμὲν ὅσοι χαλεποί τε καὶ ἄγριοι οὐδὲ δίκαιοι, οἵ τε φιλόξεινοι, καί σφιν νόος ἐστὶ θεουδής. εἰπὲ δʼ τι κλαίεις καὶ ὀδύρεαι ἔνδοθι θυμῷ Ἀργείων Δαναῶν ἠδʼ Ἰλίου οἶτον ἀκούων. τὸν δὲ θεοὶ μὲν τεῦξαν, ἐπεκλώσαντο δʼ ὄλεθρον ἀνθρώποις, ἵνα ᾖσι καὶ ἐσσομένοισιν ἀοιδή. τίς τοι καὶ πηὸς ἀπέφθιτο Ἰλιόθι πρὸ ἐσθλὸς ἐών, γαμβρὸς πενθερός, οἵ τε μάλιστα κήδιστοι τελέθουσι μεθʼ αἷμά τε καὶ γένος αὐτῶν; τίς που καὶ ἑταῖρος ἀνὴρ κεχαρισμένα εἰδώς, ἐσθλός; ἐπεὶ οὐ μέν τι κασιγνήτοιο χερείων γίγνεται, ὅς κεν ἑταῖρος ἐὼν πεπνυμένα εἰδῇ.
Lines 215–225
“Telemachus, thy mind and thy thoughts are no longer steadfast as heretofore. When thou wast but a child thou wast wont to revolve in thy mind thoughts more cunning; but now that thou art grown and hast reached the bounds of manhood, and wouldest be called a rich man's son by one who looked only to thy stature and thy comeliness, being himself a stranger from afar, thy mind and thy thoughts are no longer right as before. What a thing is this that has been done in these halls, that thou hast suffered yon stranger to be so maltreated! How now, if the stranger, while sitting thus in our house, should come to some harm through grievous mishandling? On thee, then, would fall shame and disgrace among men.” Then wise Telemachus answered her: “My mother, in this matter I take it not ill that thou art filled with anger. Yet of myself I know in my heart and understand each thing, the good and the evil, whereas heretofore I was but a child.
Τηλέμαχʼ, οὐκέτι τοι φρένες ἔμπεδοι οὐδὲ νόημα· παῖς ἔτʼ ἐὼν καὶ μᾶλλον ἐνὶ φρεσὶ κέρδεʼ ἐνώμας· νῦν δʼ, ὅτε δὴ μέγας ἐσσὶ καὶ ἥβης μέτρον ἱκάνεις, καί κέν τις φαίη γόνον ἔμμεναι ὀλβίου ἀνδρός, ἐς μέγεθος καὶ κάλλος ὁρώμενος, ἀλλότριος φώς, οὐκέτι τοι φρένες εἰσὶν ἐναίσιμοι οὐδὲ νόημα. οἷον δὴ τόδε ἔργον ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἐτύχθη, ὃς τὸν ξεῖνον ἔασας ἀεικισθήμεναι οὕτως. πῶς νῦν, εἴ τι ξεῖνος ἐν ἡμετέροισι δόμοισιν ἥμενος ὧδε πάθοι ῥυστακτύος ἐξ ἀλεγεινῆς; σοί κʼ αἶσχος λώβη τε μετʼ ἀνθρώποισι πέλοιτο.
Lines 288–310
that thou feastest undisturbed in our proud company, and lackest naught of the banquet, but hearest our words and our speech, while no other that is a stranger and beggar hears our words? It is wine that wounds thee, honey-sweet wine, which works harm to others too, if one takes it in great gulps, and drinks beyond measure. It was wine that made foolish even the centaur, glorious Eurytion, in the hall of greathearted Peirithous, when he went to the Lapithae: and when his heart had been made foolish with wine, in his madness he wrought evil in the house of Peirithous. Then grief seized the heroes, and they leapt up and dragged him forth through the gateway, when they had shorn off his ears and his nostrils with the pitiless bronze, and he, made foolish in heart, went his way, bearing with him the curse of his sin in the folly of his heart. From hence the feud arose between the centaurs and mankind; but it was for himself first that he found evil, being heavy with wine. Even so do I declare great harm for thee, if thou shalt string the bow, for thou shalt meet with no kindness at the hands of anyone in our land, but we will send thee straightway in a black ship to king Echetus, the maimer of all men, from whose hands thou shalt in no wise escape alive. Nay, then, be still, and drink thy wine, and do not strive with men younger than thou.”
δειλὲ ξείνων, ἔνι τοι φρένες οὐδʼ ἠβαιαί· οὐκ ἀγαπᾷς ἕκηλος ὑπερφιάλοισι μεθʼ ἡμῖν δαίνυσαι, οὐδέ τι δαιτὸς ἀμέρδεαι, αὐτὰρ ἀκούεις μύθων ἡμετέρων καὶ ῥήσιος; οὐδέ τις ἄλλος ἡμετέρων μύθων ξεῖνος καὶ πτωχὸς ἀκούει. οἶνός σε τρώει μελιηδής, ὅς τε καὶ ἄλλους βλάπτει, ὃς ἄν μιν χανδὸν ἕλῃ μηδʼ αἴσιμα πίνῃ. οἶνος καὶ Κένταυρον, ἀγακλυτὸν Εὐρυτίωνα, ἄασʼ ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ μεγαθύμου Πειριθόοιο, ἐς Λαπίθας ἐλθόνθʼ· δʼ ἐπεὶ φρένας ἄασεν οἴνῳ, μαινόμενος κάκʼ ἔρεξε δόμον κάτα Πειριθόοιο· ἥρωας δʼ ἄχος εἷλε, διὲκ προθύρου δὲ θύραζε ἕλκον ἀναΐξαντες, ἀπʼ οὔατα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ ῥῖνάς τʼ ἀμήσαντες· δὲ φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἀασθεὶς ἤϊεν ἣν ἄτην ὀχέων ἀεσίφρονι θυμῷ. ἐξ οὗ Κενταύροισι καὶ ἀνδράσι νεῖκος ἐτύχθη, οἷ δʼ αὐτῷ πρώτῳ κακὸν εὕρετο οἰνοβαρείων. ὣς καὶ σοὶ μέγα πῆμα πιφαύσκομαι, αἴ κε τὸ τόξον ἐντανύσῃς· οὐ γάρ τευ ἐπητύος ἀντιβολήσεις ἡμετέρῳ ἐνὶ δήμῳ, ἄφαρ δέ σε νηῒ μελαίνῃ εἰς Ἔχετον βασιλῆα, βροτῶν δηλήμονα πάντων, πέμψομεν· ἔνθεν δʼ οὔ τι σαώσεαι· ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος πῖνέ τε, μηδʼ ἐρίδαινε μετʼ ἀνδράσι κουροτέροισιν.
Lines 85–96
δίκη ἔσθʼ ἱκέτῃσι, τίον δέ κηρόθι μᾶλλον. ζῶε δʼ ἀγαλλόμενος σὺν ἐυσφύρῳ Ἠλεκτρυώνῃ, ἀλόχῳ· τάχα δʼ ἄμμες ἐπιπλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν γεινόμεθʼ οὔτε φυὴν ἐναλίγκιοι οὔτε νόημα, σός τε πατὴρ καὶ ἐγώ· τοῦ μὲν φρένας ἐξέλετο Ζεύς, ὃς προλιπὼν σφέτερον τε δόμον σφετέρους τε τοκῆας ᾤχετο, τιμήσων ἀλιτήμενον Εὐρυσθῆα, σχέτλιος· που πολλὰ μετεστεναχίζετʼ ὀπίσσω ἣν ἄτην ὀχέων· δʼ οὐ παλινάγρετός ἐστιν. αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ δαίμων χαλεποὺς ἐπετέλλετʼ ἀέθλους. φίλος, ἀλλὰ σὺ θᾶσσον ἔχʼ ἡνία φοινικόεντα ἵππων ὠκυπόδων· μέγα δὲ φρεσὶ θάρσος ἀέξων
Lines 253–264
πᾶσι θεμιστεύοιμι χρέων ἐνὶ πίονι νηῷ. ὣς εἰπὼν διέθηκε θεμείλια Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων εὐρέα καὶ μάλα μακρὰ διηνεκές· δὲ ἰδοῦσα Τελφοῦσα κραδίην ἐχολώσατο εἶπέ τε μῦθον· φοῖβε ἄναξ ἑκάεργε, ἔπος τί τοι ἐν φρεσὶ θήσω. ἐνθάδʼ ἐπεὶ φρονέεις τεῦξαι περικαλλέα νηὸν ἔμμεναι ἀνθρώποις χρηστήριον, οἵτε τοι αἰεὶ ἐνθάδʼ ἀγινήσουσι τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας· ἀλλʼ ἔκ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσι, πημανέει σʼ αἰεὶ κτύπος ἵππων ὠκειάων ἀρδόμενοί τʼ οὐρῆες ἐμῶν ἱερῶν ἀπὸ πηγέων· ἔνθα τις ἀνθρώπων βουλήσεται εἰσοράασθαι
Lines 265–276
ἅρματά τʼ εὐποίητα καὶ ὠκυπόδων κτύπον ἵππων νηόν τε μέγαν καὶ κτήματα πόλλʼ ἐνεόντα. ἀλλʼ εἰ δή τι πίθοιο, σὺ δὲ κρείσσων καὶ ἀρείων ἐσσί, ἄναξ, ἐμέθεν, σεῦ δὲ σθένος ἐστὶ μέγιστον, ἐν Κρίσῃ ποίησαι ὑπὸ πτυχὶ Παρνησοῖο. ἔνθʼ οὔθʼ ἅρματα καλὰ δονήσεται οὔτε τοι ἵππων ὠκυπόδων κτύπος ἔσται ἐύδμητον περὶ βωμόν, ἀλλά τοι ὣς προσάγοιεν Ἰηπαιήονι δῶρα ἀνθρώπων κλυτὰ φῦλα· σὺ δὲ φρένας ἀμφιγεγηθὼς δέξαιʼ ἱερὰ καλὰ περικτιόνων ἀνθρώπων. ὣς εἰποῦσʼ Ἑκάτου πέπιθε φρένας, ὄφρα οἱ αὐτῇ Τελφούσῃ κλέος εἴη ἐπὶ χθονί, μηδʼ Ἑκάτοιο.
Lines 106–120
that I would not accept the glorious ransom for the girl, the daughter of Chryses, since I much prefer to keep her in my home. For certainly I prefer her to Clytemnestra, my wedded wife, since she is not inferior to her, either in form or in stature, or in mind, or in any handiwork. Yet even so will I give her back, if that is better; I would rather the people be safe than perish. But provide me with a prize of honour forthwith, lest I alone of the Argives be without one, since that would not be proper. For you all see this, that my prize goes elsewhere. In answer to him spoke swift-footed brilliant Achilles: Most glorious son of Atreus, most covetous of all, how shall the great-hearted Achaeans give you a prize? We know nothing of a hoard of wealth in common store, but whatever we took by pillage from the cities has been apportioned,and it is not seemly to gather these things back from the army. But give back the girl to the god, and we Achaeans will recompense you three and fourfold, if ever Zeus grants us to sack the well-walled city of Troy. 1
μάντι κακῶν οὐ πώ ποτέ μοι τὸ κρήγυον εἶπας· αἰεί τοι τὰ κάκʼ ἐστὶ φίλα φρεσὶ μαντεύεσθαι, ἐσθλὸν δʼ οὔτέ τί πω εἶπας ἔπος οὔτʼ ἐτέλεσσας· καὶ νῦν ἐν Δαναοῖσι θεοπροπέων ἀγορεύεις ὡς δὴ τοῦδʼ ἕνεκά σφιν ἑκηβόλος ἄλγεα τεύχει, οὕνεκʼ ἐγὼ κούρης Χρυσηΐδος ἀγλάʼ ἄποινα οὐκ ἔθελον δέξασθαι, ἐπεὶ πολὺ βούλομαι αὐτὴν οἴκοι ἔχειν· καὶ γάρ ῥα Κλυταιμνήστρης προβέβουλα κουριδίης ἀλόχου, ἐπεὶ οὔ ἑθέν ἐστι χερείων, οὐ δέμας οὐδὲ φυήν, οὔτʼ ἂρ φρένας οὔτέ τι ἔργα. ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ἐθέλω δόμεναι πάλιν εἰ τό γʼ ἄμεινον· βούλομʼ ἐγὼ λαὸν σῶν ἔμμεναι ἀπολέσθαι· αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ γέρας αὐτίχʼ ἑτοιμάσατʼ ὄφρα μὴ οἶος Ἀργείων ἀγέραστος ἔω, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ ἔοικε· λεύσσετε γὰρ τό γε πάντες μοι γέρας ἔρχεται ἄλλῃ.
Lattimore commentary
The failure of Kalchas to ever foretell good may allude to the sacrifice of Agamemnon’s daughter Iphigeneia, which, according to other sources, the seer is said to have advised as the will of Artemis. Another ironic touch of characterization. No sooner does Agamemnon express his desire to keep the troops safe than he makes a move to grab another’s prize of honor: precisely the action that will lead to the destruction of his warriors.
Lines 344–358
I would that on the day when first my mother gave me birth an evil storm-wind had borne me away to some mountain or to the wave of the loud-resounding sea, where the wave might have swept me away or ever these things came to pass. Howbeit, seeing the gods thus ordained these ills, would that I had been wife to a better man, that could feel the indignation of his fellows and their many revilings. But this man's understanding is not now stable, nor ever will be hereafter; thereof I deem that he will e'en reap the fruit. But come now, enter in, and sit thee upon this chair, my brother, since above all others has trouble encompassed thy heart because of shameless me, and the folly of Alexander; on whom Zeus hath brought an evil doom, that even in days to come we may be a song for men that are yet to be.
δᾶερ ἐμεῖο κυνὸς κακομηχάνου ὀκρυοέσσης, ὥς μʼ ὄφελʼ ἤματι τῷ ὅτε με πρῶτον τέκε μήτηρ οἴχεσθαι προφέρουσα κακὴ ἀνέμοιο θύελλα εἰς ὄρος εἰς κῦμα πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης, ἔνθά με κῦμʼ ἀπόερσε πάρος τάδε ἔργα γενέσθαι. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τάδε γʼ ὧδε θεοὶ κακὰ τεκμήραντο, ἀνδρὸς ἔπειτʼ ὤφελλον ἀμείνονος εἶναι ἄκοιτις, ὃς ᾔδη νέμεσίν τε καὶ αἴσχεα πόλλʼ ἀνθρώπων. τούτῳ δʼ οὔτʼ ἂρ νῦν φρένες ἔμπεδοι οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ὀπίσσω ἔσσονται· τὼ καί μιν ἐπαυρήσεσθαι ὀΐω. ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν εἴσελθε καὶ ἕζεο τῷδʼ ἐπὶ δίφρῳ δᾶερ, ἐπεί σε μάλιστα πόνος φρένας ἀμφιβέβηκεν εἵνεκʼ ἐμεῖο κυνὸς καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρου ἕνεκʼ ἄτης, οἷσιν ἐπὶ Ζεὺς θῆκε κακὸν μόρον, ὡς καὶ ὀπίσσω ἀνθρώποισι πελώμεθʼ ἀοίδιμοι ἐσσομένοισι.
Athena to Hera · divine
Lines 358–380
howbeit mine own father rageth with evil mind, cruel that he is, ever froward, a thwarter of my purposes; neither hath he any memory of this, that full often I saved his son when he was fordone by reason of Eurystheus' tasks. For verily he would make lament toward heaven and from heaven would Zeus send me forth to succour him. Had I but known all this in wisdom of my heart when Eurystheus sent him forth to the house of Hades the Warder, to bring from out of Erebus the hound of loathed Hades, then had he not escaped the sheer-falling waters of Styx. Howbeit now Zeus hateth me, and hath brought to fulfillment the counsels of Thetis, that kissed his knees and with her hand clasped his chin, beseeching him to show honour to Achilles, sacker of cities. Verily the day shall come when he shall again call me his flashing-eyed darling. But now make thou ready for us twain our single-hooved horses, the while I enter into the palace of Zeus, that beareth the aegis, and array me in armour for battle, to the end that I may see whether Priam's son, Hector of the flashing helm, will rejoice when we twain appear to view along the dykes of battle. Nay of a surety many a one of the Trojans shall glut the dogs and birds with his fat and flesh, when he is fallen at the ships of the Achaeans.
καὶ λίην οὗτός γε μένος θυμόν τʼ ὀλέσειε χερσὶν ὑπʼ Ἀργείων φθίμενος ἐν πατρίδι γαίῃ· ἀλλὰ πατὴρ οὑμὸς φρεσὶ μαίνεται οὐκ ἀγαθῇσι σχέτλιος, αἰὲν ἀλιτρός, ἐμῶν μενέων ἀπερωεύς· οὐδέ τι τῶν μέμνηται, οἱ μάλα πολλάκις υἱὸν τειρόμενον σώεσκον ὑπʼ Εὐρυσθῆος ἀέθλων. ἤτοι μὲν κλαίεσκε πρὸς οὐρανόν, αὐτὰρ ἐμὲ Ζεὺς τῷ ἐπαλεξήσουσαν ἀπʼ οὐρανόθεν προΐαλλεν. εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ τάδε ᾔδεʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ πευκαλίμῃσιν εὖτέ μιν εἰς Ἀΐδαο πυλάρταο προὔπεμψεν ἐξ Ἐρέβευς ἄξοντα κύνα στυγεροῦ Ἀΐδαο, οὐκ ἂν ὑπεξέφυγε Στυγὸς ὕδατος αἰπὰ ῥέεθρα. νῦν δʼ ἐμὲ μὲν στυγέει, Θέτιδος δʼ ἐξήνυσε βουλάς, οἱ γούνατʼ ἔκυσσε καὶ ἔλλαβε χειρὶ γενείου, λισσομένη τιμῆσαι Ἀχιλλῆα πτολίπορθον. ἔσται μὰν ὅτʼ ἂν αὖτε φίλην γλαυκώπιδα εἴπῃ. ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν νῶϊν ἐπέντυε μώνυχας ἵππους, ὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγὼ καταδῦσα Διὸς δόμον αἰγιόχοιο τεύχεσιν ἐς πόλεμον θωρήξομαι, ὄφρα ἴδωμαι νῶϊ Πριάμοιο πάϊς κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ γηθήσει προφανέντε ἀνὰ πτολέμοιο γεφύρας, τις καὶ Τρώων κορέει κύνας ἠδʼ οἰωνοὺς δημῷ καὶ σάρκεσσι, πεσὼν ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.
Lattimore commentary
Athene uses of Zeus the same verb (mainetai, “rage, be furious”) that Hera had used of Hektor’s manic rush (355). As emerges now, Athene keeps track of the deeds for which she is owed thanks, especially her protection of Herakles (hero of the earlier generation, to be contrasted with Achilleus). There are hints of jealous competition between Athene and the sea nymph Thetis.
Lines 173–187
and youths filled the bowls brim full of drink, and served out to all, pouring first drops for libation into the cups. But when they had made libation and had drunk to their hearts' content, they went forth from the hut of Agamemnon, son of Atreus. And the horseman, Nestor of Gerenia, laid straight command upon them with many a glance at each, and chiefly upon Odysseus, that they should make essay to persuade the peerless son of Peleus. So the twain395.1 went their way along the shore of the loud-resounding sea, with many an instant prayer to the god that holdeth the earth and shaketh it, that they might easily persuade the great heart of the son of Aeacus. And they came to the huts and the ships of the Myrmidons, and found him delighting his soul with a clear-toned lyre, fair and richly wrought, whereon was a bridge of silver; this had he taken from the spoil when he laid waste the city of Eëtion. Therewith was he delighting his soul, and he sang of the glorious deeds of warriors;
ὣς φάτο, τοῖσι δὲ πᾶσιν ἑαδότα μῦθον ἔειπεν. αὐτίκα κήρυκες μὲν ὕδωρ ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν, κοῦροι δὲ κρητῆρας ἐπεστέψαντο ποτοῖο, νώμησαν δʼ ἄρα πᾶσιν ἐπαρξάμενοι δεπάεσσιν. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ σπεῖσάν τʼ ἔπιόν θʼ ὅσον ἤθελε θυμός, ὁρμῶντʼ ἐκ κλισίης Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο. τοῖσι δὲ πόλλʼ ἐπέτελλε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ δενδίλλων ἐς ἕκαστον, Ὀδυσσῆϊ δὲ μάλιστα, πειρᾶν ὡς πεπίθοιεν ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα. τὼ δὲ βάτην παρὰ θῖνα πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης πολλὰ μάλʼ εὐχομένω γαιηόχῳ ἐννοσιγαίῳ ῥηϊδίως πεπιθεῖν μεγάλας φρένας Αἰακίδαο. Μυρμιδόνων δʼ ἐπί τε κλισίας καὶ νῆας ἱκέσθην, τὸν δʼ εὗρον φρένα τερπόμενον φόρμιγγι λιγείῃ καλῇ δαιδαλέῃ, ἐπὶ δʼ ἀργύρεον ζυγὸν ἦεν,
Lattimore commentary
The translation “these two” accurately reflects the Greek use of an archaic “dual” number (neither singular nor plural, used to denote pairs), here and five other times in this scene. But the embassy is either five (if one counts the two heralds) or three (Aias, Odysseus, Phoinix). The poet may be repurposing a more traditional scene involving a pair (cf. the heralds’ dispatch at 1.320). Homerists have not yet proposed an entirely convincing solution. The violent warrior is hinted at in the brief description of the lyre’s origins (in the sack of the city that also yielded Agamemnon’s war bride Chryseis: 1.369), while the scene that meets the embassy is one of harmony and companionship, perhaps a musical evening in which the warriors take turns singing heroic epics (about themselves?).
Lines 1–15
Now beside their ships all the other chieftains of the host of the Achaeans were slumbering the whole night through, overcome of soft sleep, but Agamemnon, son of Atreus, shepherd of the host, was not holden of sweet sleep, so many things debated he in mind. Even as when the lord of fair-haired Hera lighteneth, what time he maketh ready either a mighty rain unspeakable or hail or snow, when the snow-flakes sprinkle the fields, or haply the wide mouth of bitter war; even so often did Agamemnon groan from the deep of his breast, and his heart trembled within him. So often as he gazed toward the Trojan plain, he marvelled at the many fires that burned before the face of Ilios, and at the sound of flutes and pipes, and the din of men; but whensoever he looked toward the ships and the host of the Achaeans, then many were the hairs that he pulled from his head by the very roots in appeal to Zeus that is above, and in his noble heart he groaned mightily. And this plan seemed to his mind the best, to go first of all to Nestor, son of Neleus, if so be he might contrive with him some goodly device
ἄλλοι μὲν παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν εὗδον παννύχιοι μαλακῷ δεδμημένοι ὕπνῳ· ἀλλʼ οὐκ Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα ποιμένα λαῶν ὕπνος ἔχε γλυκερὸς πολλὰ φρεσὶν ὁρμαίνοντα. ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἀστράπτῃ πόσις Ἥρης ἠϋκόμοιο τεύχων πολὺν ὄμβρον ἀθέσφατον ἠὲ χάλαζαν νιφετόν, ὅτε πέρ τε χιὼν ἐπάλυνεν ἀρούρας, ἠέ ποθι πτολέμοιο μέγα στόμα πευκεδανοῖο, ὣς πυκίνʼ ἐν στήθεσσιν ἀνεστενάχιζʼ Ἀγαμέμνων νειόθεν ἐκ κραδίης, τρομέοντο δέ οἱ φρένες ἐντός. ἤτοι ὅτʼ ἐς πεδίον τὸ Τρωϊκὸν ἀθρήσειε, θαύμαζεν πυρὰ πολλὰ τὰ καίετο Ἰλιόθι πρὸ αὐλῶν συρίγγων τʼ ἐνοπὴν ὅμαδόν τʼ ἀνθρώπων. αὐτὰρ ὅτʼ ἐς νῆάς τε ἴδοι καὶ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν, πολλὰς ἐκ κεφαλῆς προθελύμνους ἕλκετο χαίτας
Lattimore commentary
The “Doloneia” (book 10, centered on Dolon) was thought by some ancient critics to have been a separate composition added to the Iliad in the course of its textual fixation, perhaps in the sixth century BC. Many modern critics as well have stressed its un-Iliadic or un-Homeric aspects. While it is true that it bears no organic relation to the rest of the poem, and that its dictional choices, prolix development, archaizing touches, and subject matter (including fascination with armor and dress) are unusual (and more akin to the Odyssey), there is no reason to think the book was not a living part of the Homeric performance tradition. See C. Dué and M. Ebbott, Iliad 10 and the Poetics of Ambush: A Multitext Edition with Essays and Commentary (Washington, DC, 2010). The opening simile brings together Zeus and Agamemnon to the disadvantage of the latter’s image. The commander’s uncontrollable symptoms of despair are likened to the chief god’s masterfully executed and powerful weather effects.
Lines 43–59
the Argives and their ships, seeing the mind of Zeus is turned. To the sacrifices of Hector, it seemeth, his heart inclineth rather than to ours. For never have I seen neither heard by the telling of another that one man devised in one day so many terrible deeds, as Hector, dear to Zeus, hath wrought upon the sons of the Achaeans, by himself alone, he that is not the dear son of goddess or of god. Deeds hath he wrought that methinks will be a sorrow to the Argives for ever and aye, so many evils hath he devised against the Achaeans. But go now, run swiftly along the lines of ships and call hither Aias and Idomeneus, and I will go to goodly Nestor and bid him arise, if so be he will be minded to go to the sacred company of the sentinels and give them charge. To him would they hearken as to no other, for his son is captain over the guard, he and Meriones, comrade of Idomeneus; for to them above all we entrusted this charge.
χρεὼ βουλῆς ἐμὲ καὶ σὲ διοτρεφὲς Μενέλαε κερδαλέης, τίς κεν ἐρύσσεται ἠδὲ σαώσει Ἀργείους καὶ νῆας, ἐπεὶ Διὸς ἐτράπετο φρήν. Ἑκτορέοις ἄρα μᾶλλον ἐπὶ φρένα θῆχʼ ἱεροῖσιν· οὐ γάρ πω ἰδόμην, οὐδʼ ἔκλυον αὐδήσαντος ἄνδρʼ ἕνα τοσσάδε μέρμερʼ ἐπʼ ἤματι μητίσασθαι, ὅσσʼ Ἕκτωρ ἔρρεξε Διῒ φίλος υἷας Ἀχαιῶν αὔτως, οὔτε θεᾶς υἱὸς φίλος οὔτε θεοῖο. ἔργα δʼ ἔρεξʼ ὅσα φημὶ μελησέμεν Ἀργείοισι δηθά τε καὶ δολιχόν· τόσα γὰρ κακὰ μήσατʼ Ἀχαιούς. ἀλλʼ ἴθι νῦν Αἴαντα καὶ Ἰδομενῆα κάλεσσον ῥίμφα θέων παρὰ νῆας· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐπὶ Νέστορα δῖον εἶμι, καὶ ὀτρυνέω ἀνστήμεναι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν ἐλθεῖν ἐς φυλάκων ἱερὸν τέλος ἠδʼ ἐπιτεῖλαι. κείνῳ γάρ κε μάλιστα πιθοίατο· τοῖο γὰρ υἱὸς σημαίνει φυλάκεσσι καὶ Ἰδομενῆος ὀπάων Μηριόνης· τοῖσιν γὰρ ἐπετράπομέν γε μάλιστα.
Lines 656–803
Smitten is the son of Tydeus, mighty Diomedes, wounded with spearthrust is Odysseus, famed for his spear, and Agamemnon, and smitten is Eurypylus too with an arrow in the thigh, and this man beside have I but now borne forth from the war smitten with an arrow from the string. Yet Achilles, valiant though he be, careth not for the Danaans, neither hath pity. Doth he wait until the swift ships hard by the sea, in despite of the Argives, shall blaze with consuming fire, and ourselves be slain man after man? For my strength is not such as of old it was in my supple limbs. Would that I were young and my strength were as when strife was set afoot between the Eleans and our folk about the lifting of kine, what time I slew Itymoneus, the valiant son of Hypeirochus, a man that dwelt in Elis, when I was driving off what we had seized in reprisal; and he while fighting for the kine was smitten amid the foremost by a spear from my hand; and he fell, and the country folk about him fled in terror. And booty exceeding great did we drive together from out the plain, fifty herds of kine, as many flocks of sheep, as many droves of swine, as many roving herds of goats, and chestnut horses an hundred and fifty, all mares, and many of them had foals at the teat. These then we drave into Neleian Pylos by night into the citadel, and Neleus was glad at heart for that much spoil had fallen to me when going as a stripling into war. And heralds made loud proclamation at break of dawn that all men should come to whomsoever a debt was owing in goodly Elis; and they that were leaders of the Pylians gathered together and made division, for to many did the Epeians owe a debt, seeing that we in Pylos were few and oppressed. For mighty Heracles had come and oppressed us in the years that were before, and all that were our bravest had been slain. Twelve were we that were sons of peerless Neleus, and of these I alone was left, and all the rest had perished; wherefore the brazen-coated Epeans, proud of heart thereat, in wantonness devised mischief against us. that had gone to the games, for they were to race for a tripod; but Augeias, king of men, kept them there, and sent back their driver, sorrowing for his horses. By reason of these things, both deeds and words, was the old man wroth and chose him recompense past telling; and the rest he gave to the people to divide, that so far as in him lay no man might go defrauded of an equal share. So we were disposing of all that there was, and round about the city were offering sacrifice to the gods; and on the third day the Epeians came all together, many men and single-hooved horses, with all speed, and among them the two Moliones did on their battle-gear, though they were as yet but stripligs unskilled in furious valour. Now there is a city Thryoessa, a steep hill, far off on the Alpheius, the nethermost of sandy Pylos; about this they set their camp, fain to raze it utterly. But when they had coursed over the whole plain to us came Athene, speeding down from Olympus by night with the message that we should array us for battle, and nowise loath were the folk she gathered in Pylos, but right eager for war. Now Neleus would not suffer me to arm myself, but hid away my horses, for he deemed that as yet I knew naught of deeds of war. Howbeit even so I was pre-eminent among our horsemen, on foot though I was, for so did Athene order the fight. There is a river Minyeïus that empties into the sea hard by Arene, where we waited for bright Dawn, we the horsemen of the Pylians, and the throngs of footmen flowed ever after. Thence with all speed, arrayed in our armour, we came at midday to the sacred stream of Alpheius. There we sacrificed goodly victims to Zeus, supreme in might, and a bull to Alpheius, and a bull to Poseidon, but to flashing-eyed Athene a heifer of the herd; and thereafter we took supper throughout the host by companies, and laid us down to sleep, each man in his battlegear, about the streams of the river. But the great-souled Epeians were marshalled about the city, fain to raze it utterly; but ere that might be there appeared unto them a mighty deed of war; for when the bright sun stood above the earth we made prayer to Zeus and Athene, and joined battle. and had to wife his eldest daughter, fair-haired Agamede, who knew all simples that the wide earth nourisheth. Him as he came against me I smote with may bronze-tipped spear, and he fell in the dust; but I leapt upon his chariot and took my stand amid the foremost fighters. But the great-souled Epeians fled one here, one there, when they saw the man fallen, even him that was leader of the horsemen and preeminent in fight. But I sprang upon them like a black tempest and fifty chariots I took, and about each one two warriors bit the ground, quelled by my spear. And now had I slain the two Moliones, of the blood of Actor, but that their father, the wide-ruling Shaker of Earth, saved them from war, and shrouded them in thick mist. Then Zeus vouchsafed great might to the men of Pylos, for so long did we follow through the wide plain, slaying the men and gathering their goodly battle-gear, even till we drave our horses to Buprasium, rich in wheat, and the rock of Olen and the place where is the hill called the hill of Alesium, whence Athene again turned back the host. Then I slew the last man, and left him; but the Achaeans drave back their swift horses from Buprasium to Pylos, and all gave glory among the gods to Zeus, and to Nestor among men. Of such sort was I among warriors, as sure as ever I was. But Achilles would alone have profit of his valour. Nay, verily, methinks he will bitterly lament hereafter, when the folk perisheth. Ah, friend, of a surety Menoetius thus laid charge upon thee on the day when he sent thee forth from Phthia to Agamemnon. And we twain were within, I and goodly Odysseus, and in the halls we heard all things, even as he gave thee charge. For we had come to the well-builded house of Peleus, gathering the host throughout the bounteous land of Achaia. There then we found in the house the warrior Menoetius and thee, and with you Achilles; and the old man Peleus, driver of chariots, was burning the fat thighs of a bull to Zeus that hurleth the thunderbolt, in the enclosure of the court, and he held in his hand a golden cup, pouring forth the flaming wine to accompany the burning offerings. Ye twain were busied about the flesh of the bull, and lo, we stood in the doorway; and Achilles, seized with wonder, sprang up, and took us by the hand and led us in, and bade us be seated, and he set before us abundant entertainment, all that is the due of strangers. But when we had had our fill of food and drink, I was first to speak, and bade you follow with us; and ye were both right eager, and those twain laid on you many commands. Old Peleus bade his son Achilles ever be bravest, and pre-eminent above all, but to thee did Menoetius, son of Actor, thus give command: ‘My child, in birth is Achilles nobler than thou, but thou art the elder though in might he is the better far. Yet do thou speak to him well a word of wisdom and give him counsel, and direct him; and he will obey thee to his profit.’ Thus did the old man charge thee, but thou forgettest. Yet even now at the last do thou speak thus to wise-hearted Achilles, if so be he may hearken. Who knows but that heaven helping thou mightest rouse his spirit with thy persuading? A good thing is the persuasion of a friend. But if in his heart he is shunning some oracle and his queenly mother hath declared to him aught from Zeus, yet let him send thee forth, and with thee let the rest of the host of the Myrmidons follow, if so be thou mayest prove a light of deliverance to the Danaans; and let him give thee his fair armour to bear into the war, in hope that the Trojans may take thee for him, and so hold aloof from battle, and the warlike sons of the Achaeans may take breath, wearied though they be; for scant is the breathing-space in battle. And lightly might ye that are unwearied drive men that are wearied with battle back toward the city from the ships and the huts.
τίπτε τὰρ ὧδʼ Ἀχιλεὺς ὀλοφύρεται υἷας Ἀχαιῶν, ὅσσοι δὴ βέλεσιν βεβλήαται; οὐδέ τι οἶδε πένθεος, ὅσσον ὄρωρε κατὰ στρατόν· οἳ γὰρ ἄριστοι ἐν νηυσὶν κέαται βεβλημένοι οὐτάμενοί τε. βέβληται μὲν Τυδεΐδης κρατερὸς Διομήδης, οὔτασται δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἠδʼ Ἀγαμέμνων· βέβληται δὲ καὶ Εὐρύπυλος κατὰ μηρὸν ὀϊστῷ· τοῦτον δʼ ἄλλον ἐγὼ νέον ἤγαγον ἐκ πολέμοιο ἰῷ ἀπὸ νευρῆς βεβλημένον. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν Δαναῶν οὐ κήδεται οὐδʼ ἐλεαίρει. μένει εἰς κε δὴ νῆες θοαὶ ἄγχι θαλάσσης Ἀργείων ἀέκητι πυρὸς δηΐοιο θέρωνται, αὐτοί τε κτεινώμεθʼ ἐπισχερώ; οὐ γὰρ ἐμὴ ἲς ἔσθʼ οἵη πάρος ἔσκεν ἐνὶ γναμπτοῖσι μέλεσσιν. εἴθʼ ὣς ἡβώοιμι βίη δέ μοι ἔμπεδος εἴη ὡς ὁπότʼ Ἠλείοισι καὶ ἡμῖν νεῖκος ἐτύχθη ἀμφὶ βοηλασίῃ, ὅτʼ ἐγὼ κτάνον Ἰτυμονῆα ἐσθλὸν Ὑπειροχίδην, ὃς ἐν Ἤλιδι ναιετάασκε, ῥύσιʼ ἐλαυνόμενος· δʼ ἀμύνων ᾗσι βόεσσιν ἔβλητʼ ἐν πρώτοισιν ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἄκοντι, κὰδ δʼ ἔπεσεν, λαοὶ δὲ περίτρεσαν ἀγροιῶται. ληΐδα δʼ ἐκ πεδίου συνελάσσαμεν ἤλιθα πολλὴν πεντήκοντα βοῶν ἀγέλας, τόσα πώεα οἰῶν, τόσσα συῶν συβόσια, τόσʼ αἰπόλια πλατέʼ αἰγῶν, ἵππους δὲ ξανθὰς ἑκατὸν καὶ πεντήκοντα πάσας θηλείας, πολλῇσι δὲ πῶλοι ὑπῆσαν. καὶ τὰ μὲν ἠλασάμεσθα Πύλον Νηλήϊον εἴσω ἐννύχιοι προτὶ ἄστυ· γεγήθει δὲ φρένα Νηλεύς, οὕνεκά μοι τύχε πολλὰ νέῳ πόλεμον δὲ κιόντι. κήρυκες δʼ ἐλίγαινον ἅμʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφι τοὺς ἴμεν οἷσι χρεῖος ὀφείλετʼ ἐν Ἤλιδι δίῃ· οἳ δὲ συναγρόμενοι Πυλίων ἡγήτορες ἄνδρες δαίτρευον· πολέσιν γὰρ Ἐπειοὶ χρεῖος ὄφειλον, ὡς ἡμεῖς παῦροι κεκακωμένοι ἐν Πύλῳ ἦμεν· ἐλθὼν γάρ ῥʼ ἐκάκωσε βίη Ἡρακληείη τῶν προτέρων ἐτέων, κατὰ δʼ ἔκταθεν ὅσσοι ἄριστοι· δώδεκα γὰρ Νηλῆος ἀμύμονος υἱέες ἦμεν· τῶν οἶος λιπόμην, οἳ δʼ ἄλλοι πάντες ὄλοντο. ταῦθʼ ὑπερηφανέοντες Ἐπειοὶ χαλκοχίτωνες ἡμέας ὑβρίζοντες ἀτάσθαλα μηχανόωντο. ἐκ δʼ γέρων ἀγέλην τε βοῶν καὶ πῶϋ μέγʼ οἰῶν εἵλετο κρινάμενος τριηκόσιʼ ἠδὲ νομῆας. καὶ γὰρ τῷ χρεῖος μέγʼ ὀφείλετʼ ἐν Ἤλιδι δίῃ τέσσαρες ἀθλοφόροι ἵπποι αὐτοῖσιν ὄχεσφιν ἐλθόντες μετʼ ἄεθλα· περὶ τρίποδος γὰρ ἔμελλον θεύσεσθαι· τοὺς δʼ αὖθι ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Αὐγείας κάσχεθε, τὸν δʼ ἐλατῆρʼ ἀφίει ἀκαχήμενον ἵππων. τῶν γέρων ἐπέων κεχολωμένος ἠδὲ καὶ ἔργων ἐξέλετʼ ἄσπετα πολλά· τὰ δʼ ἄλλʼ ἐς δῆμον ἔδωκε δαιτρεύειν, μή τίς οἱ ἀτεμβόμενος κίοι ἴσης. ἡμεῖς μὲν τὰ ἕκαστα διείπομεν, ἀμφί τε ἄστυ ἕρδομεν ἱρὰ θεοῖς· οἳ δὲ τρίτῳ ἤματι πάντες ἦλθον ὁμῶς αὐτοί τε πολεῖς καὶ μώνυχες ἵπποι πανσυδίῃ· μετὰ δέ σφι Μολίονε θωρήσσοντο παῖδʼ ἔτʼ ἐόντʼ, οὔ πω μάλα εἰδότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς. ἔστι δέ τις Θρυόεσσα πόλις αἰπεῖα κολώνη τηλοῦ ἐπʼ Ἀλφειῷ, νεάτη Πύλου ἠμαθόεντος· τὴν ἀμφεστρατόωντο διαρραῖσαι μεμαῶτες. ἀλλʼ ὅτε πᾶν πεδίον μετεκίαθον, ἄμμι δʼ Ἀθήνη ἄγγελος ἦλθε θέουσʼ ἀπʼ Ὀλύμπου θωρήσσεσθαι ἔννυχος, οὐδʼ ἀέκοντα Πύλον κάτα λαὸν ἄγειρεν ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἐσσυμένους πολεμίζειν. οὐδέ με Νηλεὺς εἴα θωρήσσεσθαι, ἀπέκρυψεν δέ μοι ἵππους· οὐ γάρ πώ τί μʼ ἔφη ἴδμεν πολεμήϊα ἔργα. ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ἱππεῦσι μετέπρεπον ἡμετέροισι καὶ πεζός περ ἐών, ἐπεὶ ὧς ἄγε νεῖκος Ἀθήνη. ἔστι δέ τις ποταμὸς Μινυήϊος εἰς ἅλα βάλλων ἐγγύθεν Ἀρήνης, ὅθι μείναμεν Ἠῶ δῖαν ἱππῆες Πυλίων, τὰ δʼ ἐπέρρεον ἔθνεα πεζῶν. ἔνθεν πανσυδίῃ σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες ἔνδιοι ἱκόμεσθʼ ἱερὸν ῥόον Ἀλφειοῖο. ἔνθα Διὶ ῥέξαντες ὑπερμενεῖ ἱερὰ καλά, ταῦρον δʼ Ἀλφειῷ, ταῦρον δὲ Ποσειδάωνι, αὐτὰρ Ἀθηναίη γλαυκώπιδι βοῦν ἀγελαίην, δόρπον ἔπειθʼ ἑλόμεσθα κατὰ στρατὸν ἐν τελέεσσι, καὶ κατεκοιμήθημεν ἐν ἔντεσιν οἷσιν ἕκαστος ἀμφὶ ῥοὰς ποταμοῖο. ἀτὰρ μεγάθυμοι Ἐπειοὶ ἀμφέσταν δὴ ἄστυ διαρραῖσαι μεμαῶτες· ἀλλά σφι προπάροιθε φάνη μέγα ἔργον Ἄρηος· εὖτε γὰρ ἠέλιος φαέθων ὑπερέσχεθε γαίης, συμφερόμεσθα μάχῃ Διί τʼ εὐχόμενοι καὶ Ἀθήνῃ. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Πυλίων καὶ Ἐπειῶν ἔπλετο νεῖκος, πρῶτος ἐγὼν ἕλον ἄνδρα, κόμισσα δὲ μώνυχας ἵππους, Μούλιον αἰχμητήν· γαμβρὸς δʼ ἦν Αὐγείαο, πρεσβυτάτην δὲ θύγατρʼ εἶχε ξανθὴν Ἀγαμήδην, τόσα φάρμακα ᾔδη ὅσα τρέφει εὐρεῖα χθών. τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ προσιόντα βάλον χαλκήρεϊ δουρί, ἤριπε δʼ ἐν κονίῃσιν· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐς δίφρον ὀρούσας στῆν ῥα μετὰ προμάχοισιν· ἀτὰρ μεγάθυμοι Ἐπειοὶ ἔτρεσαν ἄλλυδις ἄλλος, ἐπεὶ ἴδον ἄνδρα πεσόντα ἡγεμόνʼ ἱππήων, ὃς ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι. αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐπόρουσα κελαινῇ λαίλαπι ἶσος, πεντήκοντα δʼ ἕλον δίφρους, δύο δʼ ἀμφὶς ἕκαστον φῶτες ὀδὰξ ἕλον οὖδας ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμέντες. καί νύ κεν Ἀκτορίωνε Μολίονε παῖδʼ ἀλάπαξα, εἰ μή σφωε πατὴρ εὐρὺ κρείων ἐνοσίχθων ἐκ πολέμου ἐσάωσε καλύψας ἠέρι πολλῇ. ἔνθα Ζεὺς Πυλίοισι μέγα κράτος ἐγγυάλιξε· τόφρα γὰρ οὖν ἑπόμεσθα διὰ σπιδέος πεδίοιο κτείνοντές τʼ αὐτοὺς ἀνά τʼ ἔντεα καλὰ λέγοντες, ὄφρʼ ἐπὶ Βουπρασίου πολυπύρου βήσαμεν ἵππους πέτρης τʼ Ὠλενίης, καὶ Ἀλησίου ἔνθα κολώνη κέκληται· ὅθεν αὖτις ἀπέτραπε λαὸν Ἀθήνη. ἔνθʼ ἄνδρα κτείνας πύματον λίπον· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ ἂψ ἀπὸ Βουπρασίοιο Πύλονδʼ ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππους, πάντες δʼ εὐχετόωντο θεῶν Διὶ Νέστορί τʼ ἀνδρῶν. ὣς ἔον, εἴ ποτʼ ἔον γε, μετʼ ἀνδράσιν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς οἶος τῆς ἀρετῆς ἀπονήσεται· τέ μιν οἴω πολλὰ μετακλαύσεσθαι ἐπεί κʼ ἀπὸ λαὸς ὄληται. πέπον μὲν σοί γε Μενοίτιος ὧδʼ ἐπέτελλεν ἤματι τῷ ὅτε σʼ ἐκ Φθίης Ἀγαμέμνονι πέμπε, νῶϊ δέ τʼ ἔνδον ἐόντες ἐγὼ καὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς πάντα μάλʼ ἐν μεγάροις ἠκούομεν ὡς ἐπέτελλε. Πηλῆος δʼ ἱκόμεσθα δόμους εὖ ναιετάοντας λαὸν ἀγείροντες κατʼ Ἀχαιΐδα πουλυβότειραν. ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειθʼ ἥρωα Μενοίτιον εὕρομεν ἔνδον ἠδὲ σέ, πὰρ δʼ Ἀχιλῆα· γέρων δʼ ἱππηλάτα Πηλεὺς πίονα μηρία καῖε βοὸς Διὶ τερπικεραύνῳ αὐλῆς ἐν χόρτῳ· ἔχε δὲ χρύσειον ἄλεισον σπένδων αἴθοπα οἶνον ἐπʼ αἰθομένοις ἱεροῖσι. σφῶϊ μὲν ἀμφὶ βοὸς ἕπετον κρέα, νῶϊ δʼ ἔπειτα στῆμεν ἐνὶ προθύροισι· ταφὼν δʼ ἀνόρουσεν Ἀχιλλεύς, ἐς δʼ ἄγε χειρὸς ἑλών, κατὰ δʼ ἑδριάασθαι ἄνωγε, ξείνιά τʼ εὖ παρέθηκεν, τε ξείνοις θέμις ἐστίν. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τάρπημεν ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος, ἦρχον ἐγὼ μύθοιο κελεύων ὔμμʼ ἅμʼ ἕπεσθαι· σφὼ δὲ μάλʼ ἠθέλετον, τὼ δʼ ἄμφω πόλλʼ ἐπέτελλον. Πηλεὺς μὲν παιδὶ γέρων ἐπέτελλʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ αἰὲν ἀριστεύειν καὶ ὑπείροχον ἔμμεναι ἄλλων· σοὶ δʼ αὖθʼ ὧδʼ ἐπέτελλε Μενοίτιος Ἄκτορος υἱός· τέκνον ἐμὸν γενεῇ μὲν ὑπέρτερός ἐστιν Ἀχιλλεύς, πρεσβύτερος δὲ σύ ἐσσι· βίῃ δʼ γε πολλὸν ἀμείνων. ἀλλʼ εὖ οἱ φάσθαι πυκινὸν ἔπος ἠδʼ ὑποθέσθαι καί οἱ σημαίνειν· δὲ πείσεται εἰς ἀγαθόν περ. ὣς ἐπέτελλʼ γέρων, σὺ δὲ λήθεαι· ἀλλʼ ἔτι καὶ νῦν ταῦτʼ εἴποις Ἀχιλῆϊ δαΐφρονι αἴ κε πίθηται. τίς δʼ οἶδʼ εἴ κέν οἱ σὺν δαίμονι θυμὸν ὀρίναις παρειπών; ἀγαθὴ δὲ παραίφασίς ἐστιν ἑταίρου. εἰ δέ τινα φρεσὶν ᾗσι θεοπροπίην ἀλεείνει καί τινά οἱ πὰρ Ζηνὸς ἐπέφραδε πότνια μήτηρ, ἀλλὰ σέ περ προέτω, ἅμα δʼ ἄλλος λαὸς ἑπέσθω Μυρμιδόνων, αἴ κέν τι φόως Δαναοῖσι γένηαι· καί τοι τεύχεα καλὰ δότω πόλεμον δὲ φέρεσθαι, αἴ κέ σε τῷ εἴσκοντες ἀπόσχωνται πολέμοιο Τρῶες, ἀναπνεύσωσι δʼ ἀρήϊοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν τειρόμενοι· ὀλίγη δέ τʼ ἀνάπνευσις πολέμοιο. ῥεῖα δέ κʼ ἀκμῆτες κεκμηότας ἄνδρας ἀϋτῇ ὤσαισθε προτὶ ἄστυ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων.
Lattimore commentary
Nestor’s long, twisting tale centers on his initiation as warrior during an episode of cattle-raiding and reprisal. Its practical application as advice hinges on an inexact parallel, never made explicit, that would figure Patroklos as a younger warrior whose chance for glory has now come. In fact, Patroklos is older than Achilleus (as Nestor himself notes: 786). Nestor starts, like an epic poet, in the middle of things, with his glorious return (685). We can reconstruct earlier events: Herakles devastated the house of Neleus in Pylos. The men of Elis (the Epeians) took advantage of this to raid the city. Then or later, they perpetrated other abuses, such as taking Neleus’ racing chariot and team. Some time later, the Pylians conducted a cattle raid to recover damages and with the Jung Nestor successfully brought home many goods; three days thereafter the Epeians counterattacked, the Pylians mustered, and Nestor won glory in battle. The Moliones were said by other ancient sources (Hesiod, fr. 18, MW) to be Siamese twins, but this is not clear from the Homeric description and, if known, may have been suppressed, as are other monstrous or fantastic elements. Nestor makes the point of the story the contrast between his own fight for the Pylian community versus Achilleus’ selfish isolation. Ironically, in the parable, Nestor’s father had not allowed him to wear armor; Nestor now by quoting Patroklos’ father (785–86) lures the younger man into asking for Achilleus’ armor—a fatal suggestion.
Lines 95–124
Shame, ye Argives, mere striplings! It was in your fighting that I trusted for the saving of our ships; but if ye are to flinch from grievous war, then of a surety hath the day now dawned for us to be vanquished beneath the Trojans. Out upon it! Verily a great marvel is this that mine eyes behold,a dread thing that I deemed should never be brought to pass: the Trojans are making way against our ships, they that heretofore were like panic-stricken hinds that in the woodland become the prey of jackals and pards and wolves, as they wander vainly in their cowardice, nor is there any fight in them.Even so the Trojans aforetime had never the heart to abide and face the might and the hands of the Achaeans, no not for a moment. But lo, now far from the city they are fighting at the hollow ships because of the baseness of our leader and the slackness of the folk, that, being at strife with him, have no heart to defendthe swift-faring ships, but are slain in the midst of them. But if in very truth the warrior son of Atreus, wide-ruling Agamemnon, is the cause of all, for that he wrought dishonour on the swift-footed son of Peleus, yet may we in no wise prove slack in war.Nay, let us atone for the fault with speed: the hearts of good men admit of atonement.11.1 But it is no longer well that ye are slack in furious valour, all ye that are the best men in the host. Myself I would not quarrel with one that was slack in war, so he were but a sorry wight, but with you I am exceeding wroth at heart.Ye weaklings, soon ye shall cause yet greater evil by this slackness. Nay, take in your hearts, each man of you, shame and indignation; for in good sooth mighty is the conflict that has arisen. Hector, good at the war-cry, is fighting at the ships, strong in his might, and hath broken the gates and the long bar. a dread thing that I deemed should never be brought to pass: the Trojans are making way against our ships, they that heretofore were like panic-stricken hinds that in the woodland become the prey of jackals and pards and wolves, as they wander vainly in their cowardice, nor is there any fight in them. Even so the Trojans aforetime had never the heart to abide and face the might and the hands of the Achaeans, no not for a moment. But lo, now far from the city they are fighting at the hollow ships because of the baseness of our leader and the slackness of the folk, that, being at strife with him, have no heart to defend the swift-faring ships, but are slain in the midst of them. But if in very truth the warrior son of Atreus, wide-ruling Agamemnon, is the cause of all, for that he wrought dishonour on the swift-footed son of Peleus, yet may we in no wise prove slack in war. Nay, let us atone for the fault with speed: the hearts of good men admit of atonement.11.1 But it is no longer well that ye are slack in furious valour, all ye that are the best men in the host. Myself I would not quarrel with one that was slack in war, so he were but a sorry wight, but with you I am exceeding wroth at heart. Ye weaklings, soon ye shall cause yet greater evil by this slackness. Nay, take in your hearts, each man of you, shame and indignation; for in good sooth mighty is the conflict that has arisen. Hector, good at the war-cry, is fighting at the ships, strong in his might, and hath broken the gates and the long bar.
αἰδὼς Ἀργεῖοι, κοῦροι νέοι· ὔμμιν ἔγωγε μαρναμένοισι πέποιθα σαωσέμεναι νέας ἁμάς· εἰ δʼ ὑμεῖς πολέμοιο μεθήσετε λευγαλέοιο, νῦν δὴ εἴδεται ἦμαρ ὑπὸ Τρώεσσι δαμῆναι. πόποι μέγα θαῦμα τόδʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρῶμαι δεινόν, οὔ ποτʼ ἔγωγε τελευτήσεσθαι ἔφασκον, Τρῶας ἐφʼ ἡμετέρας ἰέναι νέας, οἳ τὸ πάρος περ φυζακινῇς ἐλάφοισιν ἐοίκεσαν, αἵ τε καθʼ ὕλην θώων παρδαλίων τε λύκων τʼ ἤϊα πέλονται αὔτως ἠλάσκουσαι ἀνάλκιδες, οὐδʼ ἔπι χάρμη· ὣς Τρῶες τὸ πρίν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρας Ἀχαιῶν μίμνειν οὐκ ἐθέλεσκον ἐναντίον, οὐδʼ ἠβαιόν· νῦν δὲ ἑκὰς πόλιος κοίλῃς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ μάχονται ἡγεμόνος κακότητι μεθημοσύνῃσί τε λαῶν, οἳ κείνῳ ἐρίσαντες ἀμυνέμεν οὐκ ἐθέλουσι νηῶν ὠκυπόρων, ἀλλὰ κτείνονται ἀνʼ αὐτάς. ἀλλʼ εἰ δὴ καὶ πάμπαν ἐτήτυμον αἴτιός ἐστιν ἥρως Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων οὕνεκʼ ἀπητίμησε ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα, ἡμέας γʼ οὔ πως ἔστι μεθιέμεναι πολέμοιο. ἀλλʼ ἀκεώμεθα θᾶσσον· ἀκεσταί τοι φρένες ἐσθλῶν. ὑμεῖς δʼ οὐκ ἔτι καλὰ μεθίετε θούριδος ἀλκῆς πάντες ἄριστοι ἐόντες ἀνὰ στρατόν. οὐδʼ ἂν ἔγωγε ἀνδρὶ μαχεσσαίμην ὅς τις πολέμοιο μεθείη λυγρὸς ἐών· ὑμῖν δὲ νεμεσσῶμαι περὶ κῆρι. πέπονες τάχα δή τι κακὸν ποιήσετε μεῖζον τῇδε μεθημοσύνῃ· ἀλλʼ ἐν φρεσὶ θέσθε ἕκαστος αἰδῶ καὶ νέμεσιν· δὴ γὰρ μέγα νεῖκος ὄρωρεν. Ἕκτωρ δὴ παρὰ νηυσὶ βοὴν ἀγαθὸς πολεμίζει καρτερός, ἔρρηξεν δὲ πύλας καὶ μακρὸν ὀχῆα.
Lattimore commentary
Poseidon/Kalchas interprets the quarrel from Achilleus’ point of view, and the “weakness” refers to Agamemnon. But he still urges courage on the part of the troops. The “healing” of the rift between fighters (or of their slackness in battle—an ambiguity) foregrounds the theme that is associated with the saving action of Patroklos: see 11.843.
Lines 487–501
looking unto Deïphobus, and Paris, and goodly Agenor, that with himself were leaders of the Trojans; and after them followed the host, as sheep follow after the ram to water from the place of feeding, and the shepherd joyeth in his heart; even so the heart of Aeneas was glad in his breast, when he saw the throng of the host that followed after him. Then over Alcathous they clashed in close fight with their long spears, and about their breasts the bronze rang terribly as they aimed each at the other in the throng; and above all the rest two men of valour, Aeneas and Idomeneus, peers of Ares, were eager each to cleave the other's flesh with the pitiless bronze. And Aeneas first cast at Idomeneus, but he, looking steadily at him, avoided the spear of bronze, and the lance of Aeneas sank quivering down in to the earth,
ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἕνα φρεσὶ θυμὸν ἔχοντες πλησίοι ἔστησαν, σάκεʼ ὤμοισι κλίναντες. Αἰνείας δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐκέκλετο οἷς ἑτάροισι Δηΐφοβόν τε Πάριν τʼ ἐσορῶν καὶ Ἀγήνορα δῖον, οἵ οἱ ἅμʼ ἡγεμόνες Τρώων ἔσαν· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα λαοὶ ἕπονθʼ, ὡς εἴ τε μετὰ κτίλον ἕσπετο μῆλα πιόμενʼ ἐκ βοτάνης· γάνυται δʼ ἄρα τε φρένα ποιμήν· ὣς Αἰνείᾳ θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι γεγήθει ὡς ἴδε λαῶν ἔθνος ἐπισπόμενον ἑοῖ αὐτῷ. οἳ δʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀλκαθόῳ αὐτοσχεδὸν ὁρμήθησαν μακροῖσι ξυστοῖσι· περὶ στήθεσσι δὲ χαλκὸς σμερδαλέον κονάβιζε τιτυσκομένων καθʼ ὅμιλον ἀλλήλων· δύο δʼ ἄνδρες ἀρήϊοι ἔξοχον ἄλλων Αἰνείας τε καὶ Ἰδομενεὺς ἀτάλαντοι Ἄρηϊ ἵεντʼ ἀλλήλων ταμέειν χρόα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ.
Lines 83–102
and not king over us, to whom Zeus hath given, from youth right up to age, to wind the skein of grievous wars till we perish, every man of us. Art thou in truth thus eager to leave behind thee the broad-wayed city of the Trojans, for the sake of which we endure many grievous woes? Be silent, lest some other of the Achaeans hear this word, that no man should in any wise suffer to pass through his mouth at all, no man who hath understanding in his heart to utter things that are right, and who is a sceptred king to whom hosts so many yield obedience as are the Argives among whom thou art lord. But now have I altogether scorn of thy wits, that thou speakest thus, seeing thou biddest us, when war and battle are afoot, draw down our well-benched ships to the sea, that so even more than before the Trojans may have their desire, they that be victors even now, and that on us utter destruction may fall. For the Achaeans will not maintain their fight once the ships are drawn down to the sea, but will ever be looking away, and will withdraw them from battle. Then will thy counsel prove our bane, thou leader of hosts.
Ἀτρεΐδη ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων· οὐλόμενʼ αἴθʼ ὤφελλες ἀεικελίου στρατοῦ ἄλλου σημαίνειν, μὴ δʼ ἄμμιν ἀνασσέμεν, οἷσιν ἄρα Ζεὺς ἐκ νεότητος ἔδωκε καὶ ἐς γῆρας τολυπεύειν ἀργαλέους πολέμους, ὄφρα φθιόμεσθα ἕκαστος. οὕτω δὴ μέμονας Τρώων πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν καλλείψειν, ἧς εἵνεκʼ ὀϊζύομεν κακὰ πολλά; σίγα, μή τίς τʼ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν τοῦτον ἀκούσῃ μῦθον, ὃν οὔ κεν ἀνήρ γε διὰ στόμα πάμπαν ἄγοιτο ὅς τις ἐπίσταιτο ᾗσι φρεσὶν ἄρτια βάζειν σκηπτοῦχός τʼ εἴη, καί οἱ πειθοίατο λαοὶ τοσσοίδʼ ὅσσοισιν σὺ μετʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἀνάσσεις· νῦν δέ σευ ὠνοσάμην πάγχυ φρένας, οἷον ἔειπες· ὃς κέλεαι πολέμοιο συνεσταότος καὶ ἀϋτῆς νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἅλαδʼ ἑλκέμεν, ὄφρʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον Τρωσὶ μὲν εὐκτὰ γένηται ἐπικρατέουσί περ ἔμπης, ἡμῖν δʼ αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος ἐπιρρέπῃ. οὐ γὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ σχήσουσιν πόλεμον νηῶν ἅλα δʼ ἑλκομενάων, ἀλλʼ ἀποπαπτανέουσιν, ἐρωήσουσι δὲ χάρμης. ἔνθά κε σὴ βουλὴ δηλήσεται ὄρχαμε λαῶν.
Lattimore commentary
The exchange encapsulates both Agamemnon’s feckless decisions and Odysseus’ capacity for enduring long pain (as he will over the next decade). The reference to their lifelong war careers underlines the exceptional nature of this siege: no amateurs, they have nevertheless spent nine years in an assault.
Lines 49–100
Neither reck I of any oracle, that I wot of, nor has my queenly mother declared to me aught from Zeus; but herein dread grief cometh upon heart and soul, whenso a man is minded to rob one that is his equal, and take from him his prize, for that he surpasseth him in power. Dread grief is this to me, seeing I have suffered woes at heart. The girl that the sons of the Achaeans chose out for me as a prize, and that I won with my spear, when I had laid waste a well-walled city, her hath lord Agamemnon taken back from my arms, this son of Atreus, as though I were some alien that had no rights. Howbeit these things will we let be, as past and done. In no wise, meseems, was I to be filled with ceaseless wrath at heart; yet verily I deemed that I should not make an end of mine anger, until the hour when unto mine own ships should come the war-cry and the battle. But come, do thou put upon thy shoulders my glorious armour, and lead forth the war-loving Myrmidons to the fight, if in good sooth the dark cloud of the Trojans lieth encompassed the ships mightily, and those others abide with naught to support them but the shore of the sea, having but scant space of land still left them, even the Argives; while the whole city of the Trojans hath come forth against them fearlessly, for they see not the front of my helm shining hard at hand; full soon in their flight would they fill the water-courses with their dead, were but lord Agamemnon of kindly mind toward me, whereas now they are warring around the camp. doth the spear rage, to ward off ruin from the Danaans, neither as yet have I heard the voice of the son of Atreus, shouting from his hated head; nay, it is the voice of man-slaying Hector that breaketh about me, as he calleth to the Trojans, and they with their din possess all the plain, and vanquish the Achaeans in battle. Yet even so, Patroclus, in warding destruction from the ships fall thou upon them mightily, lest verily they burn the ships with blazing fire and rob the Greeks of their desired return. Howbeit do thou hearken, that I may put in thy mind the sum of my counsel, to the end that thou mayest win me great recompense and glory at the hands of all the Danaans, and that they send back that beauteous girl, and therewithal give glorious gifts. When thou hast driven them from the ships, come back, and if the loud-thundering lord of Hera grant thee to win glory, be not thou fain apart from me to war against the war-loving Trojans: thou wilt lessen mine honour. Nor yet do thou, as thou exultest in war and conflict, and slayest the Trojans, lead on unto Ilios, lest one of the gods that are for ever shall come down from Olympus and enter the fray; right dearly doth Apollo, that worketh afar, love them. Nay, return thou back, when once thou hast set a light of deliverance amid the ships, and suffer the rest to battle over the plain. For I would, O father Zeus, and Athene, and Apollo, that no man of the Trojans might escape death, of all that there are, neither any of the Argives, but that we twain might escape destruction, that alone we might loose the sacred diadem of Troy.
μοι διογενὲς Πατρόκλεες οἷον ἔειπες· οὔτε θεοπροπίης ἐμπάζομαι ἥν τινα οἶδα, οὔτέ τί μοι πὰρ Ζηνὸς ἐπέφραδε πότνια μήτηρ· ἀλλὰ τόδʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει, ὁππότε δὴ τὸν ὁμοῖον ἀνὴρ ἐθέλῃσιν ἀμέρσαι καὶ γέρας ἂψ ἀφελέσθαι, τε κράτεϊ προβεβήκῃ· αἰνὸν ἄχος τό μοί ἐστιν, ἐπεὶ πάθον ἄλγεα θυμῷ. κούρην ἣν ἄρα μοι γέρας ἔξελον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν, δουρὶ δʼ ἐμῷ κτεάτισσα πόλιν εὐτείχεα πέρσας, τὴν ἂψ ἐκ χειρῶν ἕλετο κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων Ἀτρεΐδης ὡς εἴ τινʼ ἀτίμητον μετανάστην. ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν προτετύχθαι ἐάσομεν· οὐδʼ ἄρα πως ἦν ἀσπερχὲς κεχολῶσθαι ἐνὶ φρεσίν· ἤτοι ἔφην γε οὐ πρὶν μηνιθμὸν καταπαυσέμεν, ἀλλʼ ὁπότʼ ἂν δὴ νῆας ἐμὰς ἀφίκηται ἀϋτή τε πτόλεμός τε. τύνη δʼ ὤμοιιν μὲν ἐμὰ κλυτὰ τεύχεα δῦθι, ἄρχε δὲ Μυρμιδόνεσσι φιλοπτολέμοισι μάχεσθαι, εἰ δὴ κυάνεον Τρώων νέφος ἀμφιβέβηκε νηυσὶν ἐπικρατέως, οἳ δὲ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης κεκλίαται, χώρης ὀλίγην ἔτι μοῖραν ἔχοντες Ἀργεῖοι, Τρώων δὲ πόλις ἐπὶ πᾶσα βέβηκε θάρσυνος· οὐ γὰρ ἐμῆς κόρυθος λεύσσουσι μέτωπον ἐγγύθι λαμπομένης· τάχα κεν φεύγοντες ἐναύλους πλήσειαν νεκύων, εἴ μοι κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων ἤπια εἰδείη· νῦν δὲ στρατὸν ἀμφιμάχονται. οὐ γὰρ Τυδεΐδεω Διομήδεος ἐν παλάμῃσι μαίνεται ἐγχείη Δαναῶν ἀπὸ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι· οὐδέ πω Ἀτρεΐδεω ὀπὸς ἔκλυον αὐδήσαντος ἐχθρῆς ἐκ κεφαλῆς· ἀλλʼ Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο Τρωσὶ κελεύοντος περιάγνυται, οἳ δʼ ἀλαλητῷ πᾶν πεδίον κατέχουσι μάχῃ νικῶντες Ἀχαιούς. ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς Πάτροκλε νεῶν ἄπο λοιγὸν ἀμύνων ἔμπεσʼ ἐπικρατέως, μὴ δὴ πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο νῆας ἐνιπρήσωσι, φίλον δʼ ἀπὸ νόστον ἕλωνται. πείθεο δʼ ὥς τοι ἐγὼ μύθου τέλος ἐν φρεσὶ θείω, ὡς ἄν μοι τιμὴν μεγάλην καὶ κῦδος ἄρηαι πρὸς πάντων Δαναῶν, ἀτὰρ οἳ περικαλλέα κούρην ἂψ ἀπονάσσωσιν, ποτὶ δʼ ἀγλαὰ δῶρα πόρωσιν. ἐκ νηῶν ἐλάσας ἰέναι πάλιν· εἰ δέ κεν αὖ τοι δώῃ κῦδος ἀρέσθαι ἐρίγδουπος πόσις Ἥρης, μὴ σύ γʼ ἄνευθεν ἐμεῖο λιλαίεσθαι πολεμίζειν Τρωσὶ φιλοπτολέμοισιν· ἀτιμότερον δέ με θήσεις· μὴ δʼ ἐπαγαλλόμενος πολέμῳ καὶ δηϊοτῆτι Τρῶας ἐναιρόμενος προτὶ Ἴλιον ἡγεμονεύειν, μή τις ἀπʼ Οὐλύμποιο θεῶν αἰειγενετάων ἐμβήῃ· μάλα τούς γε φιλεῖ ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων· ἀλλὰ πάλιν τρωπᾶσθαι, ἐπὴν φάος ἐν νήεσσι θήῃς, τοὺς δʼ ἔτʼ ἐᾶν πεδίον κάτα δηριάασθαι. αἲ γὰρ Ζεῦ τε πάτερ καὶ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἄπολλον μήτέ τις οὖν Τρώων θάνατον φύγοι ὅσσοι ἔασι, μήτέ τις Ἀργείων, νῶϊν δʼ ἐκδῦμεν ὄλεθρον, ὄφρʼ οἶοι Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα λύωμεν.
Lattimore commentary
The wish for exclusive glory, to be shared only with Patroklos, is somewhat broader than the self-absorbed desire for recognition that Achilleus has just expressed (84–90), but still remarkably harsh in dismissing Greek as well as Trojan suffering.
Lines 106–119
that dogs and men drive from a fold with spears and shouting; and the valiant heart in his breast groweth chill, and sore loth he fareth from the farmstead; even so from Patroclus went fair-haired Menelaus. But he turned him about and stood, when he reached the throng of his comrades, glancing this way and that for great Aias, son of Telamon. Him he marked full quickly on the left of the whole battle, heartening his comrades, and urging them on to fight, for wondrous fear had Phoebus Apollo cast upon them. And he set him to run, and straightway came up to him, and spake, saying:
εἷος ταῦθʼ ὅρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν τόφρα δʼ ἐπὶ Τρώων στίχες ἤλυθον· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρʼ Ἕκτωρ. αὐτὰρ γʼ ἐξοπίσω ἀνεχάζετο, λεῖπε δὲ νεκρὸν ἐντροπαλιζόμενος ὥς τε λὶς ἠϋγένειος, ὅν ῥα κύνες τε καὶ ἄνδρες ἀπὸ σταθμοῖο δίωνται ἔγχεσι καὶ φωνῇ· τοῦ δʼ ἐν φρεσὶν ἄλκιμον ἦτορ παχνοῦται, ἀέκων δέ τʼ ἔβη ἀπὸ μεσσαύλοιο· ὣς ἀπὸ Πατρόκλοιο κίε ξανθὸς Μενέλαος. στῆ δὲ μεταστρεφθεὶς ἐπεὶ ἵκετο ἔθνος ἑταίρων παπταίνων Αἴαντα μέγαν Τελαμώνιον υἱόν. τὸν δὲ μάλʼ αἶψʼ ἐνόησε μάχης ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ πάσης θαρσύνονθʼ ἑτάρους καὶ ἐποτρύνοντα μάχεσθαι· θεσπέσιον γάρ σφιν φόβον ἔμβαλε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων· βῆ δὲ θέειν, εἶθαρ δὲ παριστάμενος ἔπος ηὔδα.
Lines 170–182
Glaucus, wherefore hast thou, being such a one as thou art, spoken an overweening word? Good friend, in sooth I deemed that in wisdom thou wast above all others that dwell in deep-soiled Lycia; but now have I altogether scorn of thy wits, that thou speakest thus, seeing thou sayest I stood not to face mighty Aias.I shudder not at battle, I tell thee, nor at the din of chariots, but ever is the intent of Zeus that beareth the aegis strongest, for he driveth even a valiant man in rout, and robbeth him of victory full easily, and again of himself he rouseth men to fight. Nay, come thou hither, good friend, take thy stand by my side, and behold my handiwork,whether this whole day through I shall prove me a coward, as thou pratest, or shall stay many a one of the Danaans, how fierce soever for valorous deeds he be, from fighting in defence of the dead Patroclus. I shudder not at battle, I tell thee, nor at the din of chariots, but ever is the intent of Zeus that beareth the aegis strongest, for he driveth even a valiant man in rout, and robbeth him of victory full easily, and again of himself he rouseth men to fight. Nay, come thou hither, good friend, take thy stand by my side, and behold my handiwork, whether this whole day through I shall prove me a coward, as thou pratest, or shall stay many a one of the Danaans, how fierce soever for valorous deeds he be, from fighting in defence of the dead Patroclus.
Γλαῦκε τί δὲ σὺ τοῖος ἐὼν ὑπέροπλον ἔειπες; πόποι τʼ ἐφάμην σὲ περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων τῶν ὅσσοι Λυκίην ἐριβώλακα ναιετάουσι· νῦν δέ σευ ὠνοσάμην πάγχυ φρένας οἷον ἔειπες, ὅς τέ με φῂς Αἴαντα πελώριον οὐχ ὑπομεῖναι. οὔ τοι ἐγὼν ἔρριγα μάχην οὐδὲ κτύπον ἵππων· ἀλλʼ αἰεί τε Διὸς κρείσσων νόος αἰγιόχοιο, ὅς τε καὶ ἄλκιμον ἄνδρα φοβεῖ καὶ ἀφείλετο νίκην ῥηϊδίως, ὁτὲ δʼ αὐτὸς ἐποτρύνει μαχέσασθαι. ἀλλʼ ἄγε δεῦρο πέπον, παρʼ ἔμʼ ἵστασο καὶ ἴδε ἔργον, ἠὲ πανημέριος κακὸς ἔσσομαι, ὡς ἀγορεύεις, τινα καὶ Δαναῶν ἀλκῆς μάλα περ μεμαῶτα σχήσω ἀμυνέμεναι περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος.
Lines 429–461
that hath endured so many grievous woes in her heart as are the sorrows that Zeus, son of Cronos, hath given me beyond all others? Of all the daughters of the sea he subdued me alone to a mortal, even to Peleus, son of Aeacus, and I endured the bed of a mortal albeit sore against my will. And lo, he lieth in his halls fordone with grievous old age, but now other griefs are mine. A son he gave me to bear and to rear, pre-eminent among warriors, and he shot up like a sapling; then when I had reared him as a tree in a rich orchard plot, I sent him forth in the beaked ships to Ilios to war with the Trojans; but never again shall I welcome him back to his home, to the house of Peleus. And while yet he liveth, and beholdeth the light of the sun, he hath sorrow, nor can I any wise help him, though I go to him. The girl that the sons of the Achaeans chose out for him as a prize, her hath the lord Agamemnon taken back from out his arms. Verily in grief for her was he wasting his heart; but the Achaeans were the Trojans penning at the sterns of the ships, and would not suffer them to go forth. And to him the elders of the Argives made prayer, and named many glorious gifts. Then albeit he refused himself to ward from them ruin, yet clad he Patroclus in his own armour and sent him into the war, and added therewithal much people. All day long they fought around the Scaean gates, and on that selfsame day had laid the city waste, but that, after the valiant son of Menoetius had wrought sore harm, Apollo slew him amid the foremost fighters and gave glory to Hector. Therefore am I now come to thy knees, if so be thou wilt be minded to give my son, that is doomed to a speedy death, shield and helmet, and goodly greaves fitted with ankle-pieces, and corselet. For the harness that was his aforetime his trusty comrade lost, when he was slain by the Trojans; and my son lieth on the ground in anguish of heart.
Ἥφαιστʼ, ἄρα δή τις, ὅσαι θεαί εἰσʼ ἐν Ὀλύμπῳ, τοσσάδʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἀνέσχετο κήδεα λυγρὰ ὅσσʼ ἐμοὶ ἐκ πασέων Κρονίδης Ζεὺς ἄλγεʼ ἔδωκεν; ἐκ μέν μʼ ἀλλάων ἁλιάων ἀνδρὶ δάμασσεν Αἰακίδῃ Πηλῆϊ, καὶ ἔτλην ἀνέρος εὐνὴν πολλὰ μάλʼ οὐκ ἐθέλουσα. μὲν δὴ γήραϊ λυγρῷ κεῖται ἐνὶ μεγάροις ἀρημένος, ἄλλα δέ μοι νῦν· υἱὸν ἐπεί μοι δῶκε γενέσθαί τε τραφέμεν τε ἔξοχον ἡρώων· δʼ ἀνέδραμεν ἔρνεϊ ἶσος· τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ θρέψασα φυτὸν ὣς γουνῷ ἀλωῆς νηυσὶν ἐπιπροέηκα κορωνίσιν Ἴλιον εἴσω Τρωσὶ μαχησόμενον· τὸν δʼ οὐχ ὑποδέξομαι αὖτις οἴκαδε νοστήσαντα δόμον Πηλήϊον εἴσω. ὄφρα δέ μοι ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φάος ἠελίοιο ἄχνυται, οὐδέ τί οἱ δύναμαι χραισμῆσαι ἰοῦσα. κούρην ἣν ἄρα οἱ γέρας ἔξελον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν, τὴν ἂψ ἐκ χειρῶν ἕλετο κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων. ἤτοι τῆς ἀχέων φρένας ἔφθιεν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς Τρῶες ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσιν ἐείλεον, οὐδὲ θύραζε εἴων ἐξιέναι· τὸν δὲ λίσσοντο γέροντες Ἀργείων, καὶ πολλὰ περικλυτὰ δῶρʼ ὀνόμαζον. ἔνθʼ αὐτὸς μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἠναίνετο λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι, αὐτὰρ Πάτροκλον περὶ μὲν τὰ τεύχεα ἕσσε, πέμπε δέ μιν πόλεμον δέ, πολὺν δʼ ἅμα λαὸν ὄπασσε. πᾶν δʼ ἦμαρ μάρναντο περὶ Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσι· καί νύ κεν αὐτῆμαρ πόλιν ἔπραθον, εἰ μὴ Ἀπόλλων πολλὰ κακὰ ῥέξαντα Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμον υἱὸν ἔκτανʼ ἐνὶ προμάχοισι καὶ Ἕκτορι κῦδος ἔδωκε. τοὔνεκα νῦν τὰ σὰ γούναθʼ ἱκάνομαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα υἱεῖ ἐμῷ ὠκυμόρῳ δόμεν ἀσπίδα καὶ τρυφάλειαν καὶ καλὰς κνημῖδας ἐπισφυρίοις ἀραρυίας καὶ θώρηχʼ· γὰρ ἦν οἱ ἀπώλεσε πιστὸς ἑταῖρος Τρωσὶ δαμείς· δὲ κεῖται ἐπὶ χθονὶ θυμὸν ἀχεύων.
Zeus to Thetis · divine
Lines 104–119
for all thy sorrow, though thou hast comfortless grief at heart; I know it of myself; yet even so will I tell thee wherefore I called thee hither. For nine days' space hath strife arisen among the immortals as touching the corpse of Hector and Achilles, sacker of cities. They are for bestirring the keen-sighted Argeiphontes to steal the body away, yet herein do I accord honour unto Achilles; for I would fain keep in time to come thy worship and thy love. Haste thee with all speed to the host and declare unto thy son my bidding. Say unto him that the gods are angered with him, and that I above all immortals am filled with wrath, for that in the fury of his heart he holdeth Hector at the beaked ships and gave him not back, if so be he may be seized with fear of me and give Hector back. But I will send forth Iris unto great-hearted Priam, to bid him go to the ships of the Achaeans to ransom his dear son, and to bear gifts unto Achilles which shall make glad his heart.
ἤλυθες Οὔλυμπον δὲ θεὰ Θέτι κηδομένη περ, πένθος ἄλαστον ἔχουσα μετὰ φρεσίν· οἶδα καὶ αὐτός· ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ἐρέω τοῦ σʼ εἵνεκα δεῦρο κάλεσσα. ἐννῆμαρ δὴ νεῖκος ἐν ἀθανάτοισιν ὄρωρεν Ἕκτορος ἀμφὶ νέκυι καὶ Ἀχιλλῆϊ πτολιπόρθῳ· κλέψαι δʼ ὀτρύνουσιν ἐΰσκοπον ἀργεϊφόντην· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ τόδε κῦδος Ἀχιλλῆϊ προτιάπτω αἰδῶ καὶ φιλότητα τεὴν μετόπισθε φυλάσσων. αἶψα μάλʼ ἐς στρατὸν ἐλθὲ καὶ υἱέϊ σῷ ἐπίτειλον· σκύζεσθαί οἱ εἰπὲ θεούς, ἐμὲ δʼ ἔξοχα πάντων ἀθανάτων κεχολῶσθαι, ὅτι φρεσὶ μαινομένῃσιν Ἕκτορʼ ἔχει παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν οὐδʼ ἀπέλυσεν, αἴ κέν πως ἐμέ τε δείσῃ ἀπό θʼ Ἕκτορα λύσῃ. αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ Πριάμῳ μεγαλήτορι Ἶριν ἐφήσω λύσασθαι φίλον υἱὸν ἰόντʼ ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν, δῶρα δʼ Ἀχιλλῆϊ φερέμεν, τά κε θυμὸν ἰήνῃ.
Lattimore commentary
The solution by Zeus is intended to save Achilleus’ honor by granting him Priam’s treasures while taking into account the objections of Apollo (and Zeus’ own respect for Hektor’s regular sacrifices). Priam’s journey is thus motivated on divine and human levels.
Iris to Priam · divine
Lines 171–187
The Olympian biddeth thee ransom goodly Hector, and bear gifts to Achilles which shall make glad his heart; alone do thou go, neither let any man beside of the Trojans go with thee. A herald may attend thee, an elder man, to guide the mules and the light-running waggon, and to carry back to the city the dead, even him that Achilles slew. Let not death be in thy thoughts, neither any fear; such a guide shall go with thee, even Argeiphontes, who shall lead thee, until in his heading he bring thee nigh to Achilles. And when he shall have led thee into the hut, neither shall Achilles himself slay thee nor suffer any other to slay; for not without wisdom is he, neither without purpose, nor yet hardened in sin; nay, with all kindliness will he spare a suppliant man.
θάρσει Δαρδανίδη Πρίαμε φρεσί, μὴ δέ τι τάρβει· οὐ μὲν γάρ τοι ἐγὼ κακὸν ὀσσομένη τόδʼ ἱκάνω ἀλλʼ ἀγαθὰ φρονέουσα· Διὸς δέ τοι ἄγγελός εἰμι, ὅς σευ ἄνευθεν ἐὼν μέγα κήδεται ἠδʼ ἐλεαίρει. λύσασθαί σʼ ἐκέλευσεν Ὀλύμπιος Ἕκτορα δῖον, δῶρα δʼ Ἀχιλλῆϊ φερέμεν τά κε θυμὸν ἰήνῃ οἶον, μὴ δέ τις ἄλλος ἅμα Τρώων ἴτω ἀνήρ. κῆρύξ τίς τοι ἕποιτο γεραίτερος, ὅς κʼ ἰθύνοι ἡμιόνους καὶ ἄμαξαν ἐΰτροχον, ἠδὲ καὶ αὖτις νεκρὸν ἄγοι προτὶ ἄστυ, τὸν ἔκτανε δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς. μὴ δέ τί τοι θάνατος μελέτω φρεσὶ μηδέ τι τάρβος· τοῖος γάρ τοι πομπὸς ἅμʼ ἕψεται ἀργεϊφόντης, ὅς σʼ ἄξει εἷός κεν ἄγων Ἀχιλῆϊ πελάσσῃ. αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν ἀγάγῃσιν ἔσω κλισίην Ἀχιλῆος, οὔτʼ αὐτὸς κτενέει ἀπό τʼ ἄλλους πάντας ἐρύξει· οὔτε γάρ ἔστʼ ἄφρων οὔτʼ ἄσκοπος οὔτʼ ἀλιτήμων, ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἐνδυκέως ἱκέτεω πεφιδήσεται ἀνδρός.
Lines 17–24
σὺ μὲν γὰρ καλῶς εὐχαριστεῖς ἀλλ’ ἕτερος οὐκ οἰκοδομεῖται εὐχαριστῶ τῷ θεῷ πάντων ὑμῶν μᾶλλον γλώσσῃ λαλῶ ἀλλὰ ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ θέλω πέντε λόγους τῷ νοΐ μου λαλῆσαι ἵνα καὶ ἄλλους κατηχήσω μυρίους λόγους ἐν γλώσσῃ Ἀδελφοί μὴ παιδία γίνεσθε ταῖς φρεσίν ἀλλὰ τῇ κακίᾳ νηπιάζετε ταῖς δὲ φρεσὶν τέλειοι γίνεσθε ἐν τῷ νόμῳ γέγραπται ὅτι ἐν ἑτερογλώσσοις καὶ ἐν χείλεσιν ἑτέρων λαλήσω τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ καὶ οὐδ’ οὕτως εἰσακούσονταί μου λέγει κύριος ὥστε αἱ γλῶσσαι εἰς σημεῖόν εἰσιν οὐ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν ἀλλὰ τοῖς ἀπίστοις δὲ προφητεία οὐ τοῖς ἀπίστοις ἀλλὰ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν ἐὰν οὖν συνέλθῃ ἐκκλησία ὅλη ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ πάντες λαλῶσιν γλώσσαις εἰσέλθωσιν δὲ ἰδιῶται ἄπιστοι οὐκ ἐροῦσιν ὅτι μαίνεσθε ἐὰν δὲ πάντες προφητεύωσιν εἰσέλθῃ δέ τις ἄπιστος ἰδιώτης ἐλέγχεται ὑπὸ πάντων ἀνακρίνεται ὑπὸ πάντων
Lines 319–333
flying upward1 as a bird; and in his heart she put strength and courage, and made him think of his father even more than aforetime. And in his mind he marked her and marvelled, for he deemed that she was a god; and straightway he went among the wooers, a godlike man. For them the famous minstrel was singing, and they sat in silence listening; and he sang of the return of the Achaeans—the woeful return from Troy which Pallas Athena laid upon them. And from her upper chamber the daughter of Icarius, wise Penelope, heard his wondrous song, and she went down the high stairway from her chamber, not alone, for two handmaids attended her. Now when the fair lady had come to the wooers, she stood by the door-post of the well-built hall, holding before her face her shining veil;
μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη, ὄρνις δʼ ὣς ἀνόπαια διέπτατο· τῷ δʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ θῆκε μένος καὶ θάρσος, ὑπέμνησέν τέ πατρὸς μᾶλλον ἔτʼ τὸ πάροιθεν. δὲ φρεσὶν ᾗσι νοήσας θάμβησεν κατὰ θυμόν· ὀίσατο γὰρ θεὸν εἶναι. αὐτίκα δὲ μνηστῆρας ἐπῴχετο ἰσόθεος φώς. τοῖσι δʼ ἀοιδὸς ἄειδε περικλυτός, οἱ δὲ σιωπῇ ἥατʼ ἀκούοντες· δʼ Ἀχαιῶν νόστον ἄειδε λυγρόν, ὃν ἐκ Τροίης ἐπετείλατο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη. τοῦ δʼ ὑπερωιόθεν φρεσὶ σύνθετο θέσπιν ἀοιδὴν κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρων Πηνελόπεια· κλίμακα δʼ ὑψηλὴν κατεβήσετο οἷο δόμοιο, οὐκ οἴη, ἅμα τῇ γε καὶ ἀμφίπολοι δύʼ ἕποντο. δʼ ὅτε δὴ μνηστῆρας ἀφίκετο δῖα γυναικῶν, στῆ ῥα παρὰ σταθμὸν τέγεος πύκα ποιητοῖο,
Lines 420–434
So spoke Telemachus, but in his heart he knew the immortal goddess. But Telemachus, where his chamber was built in the beautiful court, high, in a place of wide outlook, thither went to his bed, pondering many things in mind; and with him, bearing blazing torches, went true-hearted Eurycleia, daughter of Ops, son of Peisenor. Her long ago Laertes had bought with his wealth, when she was in her first youth, and gave for her the price of twenty oxen; and he honored her even as he honored his faithful wife in his halls, but he never lay with her in love, for he shunned the wrath of his wife. She it was who bore for Telemachus the blazing torches;
ὣς φάτο Τηλέμαχος, φρεσὶ δʼ ἀθανάτην θεὸν ἔγνω. οἱ δʼ εἰς ὀρχηστύν τε καὶ ἱμερόεσσαν ἀοιδὴν τρεψάμενοι τέρποντο, μένον δʼ ἐπὶ ἕσπερον ἐλθεῖν. τοῖσι δὲ τερπομένοισι μέλας ἐπὶ ἕσπερος ἦλθε· δὴ τότε κακκείοντες ἔβαν οἶκόνδε ἕκαστος. Τηλέμαχος δʼ, ὅθι οἱ θάλαμος περικαλλέος αὐλῆς ὑψηλὸς δέδμητο περισκέπτῳ ἐνὶ χώρῳ, ἔνθʼ ἔβη εἰς εὐνὴν πολλὰ φρεσὶ μερμηρίζων. τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ἅμʼ αἰθομένας δαΐδας φέρε κεδνὰ ἰδυῖα Εὐρύκλειʼ, Ὦπος θυγάτηρ Πεισηνορίδαο, τήν ποτε Λαέρτης πρίατο κτεάτεσσιν ἑοῖσιν πρωθήβην ἔτʼ ἐοῦσαν, ἐεικοσάβοια δʼ ἔδωκεν, ἶσα δέ μιν κεδνῇ ἀλόχῳ τίεν ἐν μεγάροισιν, εὐνῇ δʼ οὔ ποτʼ ἔμικτο, χόλον δʼ ἀλέεινε γυναικός· οἱ ἅμʼ αἰθομένας δαΐδας φέρε, καί μάλιστα
Lines 85–128
“Telemachus, thou braggart, unrestrained in daring, what a thing hast thou said, putting us to shame, and wouldest fain fasten reproach upon us! Nay, I tell thee, it is not the Achaean wooers who are anywise at fault, but thine own mother, for she is crafty above all women. For it is now the third year and the fourth will soon pass,1 since she has been deceiving the hearts of the Achaeans in their breasts. To all she offers hopes, and has promises for each man, sending them messages, but her mind is set on other things. And she devised in her heart this guileful thing also: she set up in her halls a great web, and fell to weaving— fine of thread was the web and very wide; and straightway she spoke among us: “‘Young men, my wooers, since goodly Odysseus is dead, be patient, though eager for my marriage, until I finish this robe—I would not that my spinning should come to naught—a shroud for the lord Laertes, against the time when the fell fate of grievous2 death shall strike him down; lest any of the Achaean women in the land should be wroth with me, if he, who had won great possessions, were to lie without a shroud.’ “So she spoke, and our proud hearts consented. Then day by day she would weave at the great web, but by night would unravel it, when she had let place torches by her. Thus for three years she by her craft kept the Achaeans from knowing, and beguiled them; but when the fourth year came as the seasons rolled on, even then one of her women who knew all told us, and we caught her unravelling the splendid web. So she finished it against her will, perforce. Therefore to thee the wooers make answer thus, that thou mayest thyself know it in thine heart, and that all the Achaeans may know. Send away thy mother, and command her to wed whomsoever her father bids, and whoso is pleasing to her. But if she shall continue long time to vex the sons of the Achaeans, mindful in her heart of this, that Athena has endowed her above other women with knowledge of fair handiwork and an understanding heart, and wiles, such as we have never yet heard that any even of the women of old knew, of those who long ago were fair-tressed Achaean women— Tyro and Alcmene and Mycene of the fair crown—of whom not one was like Penelope in shrewd device; yet this at least she devised not aright. For so long shall men devour thy livelihood and thy possessions, even as long as she shall keep the counsel which the gods now put in her heart. Great fame she brings on herself, but on thee regret for thy much substance. For us, we will go neither to our lands nor else whither, until she marries that one of the Achaeans whom she will.”
Τηλέμαχʼ ὑψαγόρη, μένος ἄσχετε, ποῖον ἔειπες ἡμέας αἰσχύνων· ἐθέλοις δέ κε μῶμον ἀνάψαι. σοὶ δʼ οὔ τι μνηστῆρες Ἀχαιῶν αἴτιοί εἰσιν, ἀλλὰ φίλη μήτηρ, τοι πέρι κέρδεα οἶδεν. ἤδη γὰρ τρίτον ἐστὶν ἔτος, τάχα δʼ εἶσι τέταρτον, ἐξ οὗ ἀτέμβει θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν. πάντας μέν ῥʼ ἔλπει καὶ ὑπίσχεται ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ ἀγγελίας προϊεῖσα, νόος δέ οἱ ἄλλα μενοινᾷ. δὲ δόλον τόνδʼ ἄλλον ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μερμήριξε· στησαμένη μέγαν ἱστὸν ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ὕφαινε, λεπτὸν καὶ περίμετρον· ἄφαρ δʼ ἡμῖν μετέειπε· κοῦροι ἐμοὶ μνηστῆρες, ἐπεὶ θάνε δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς, μίμνετʼ ἐπειγόμενοι τὸν ἐμὸν γάμον, εἰς κε φᾶρος ἐκτελέσω, μή μοι μεταμώνια νήματʼ ὄληται, Λαέρτῃ ἥρωι ταφήιον, εἰς ὅτε κέν μιν μοῖρʼ ὀλοὴ καθέλῃσι τανηλεγέος θανάτοιο, μή τίς μοι κατὰ δῆμον Ἀχαιϊάδων νεμεσήσῃ. αἴ κεν ἄτερ σπείρου κεῖται πολλὰ κτεατίσσας. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, ἡμῖν δʼ αὖτʼ ἐπεπείθετο θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ. ἔνθα καὶ ἠματίη μὲν ὑφαίνεσκεν μέγαν ἱστόν, νύκτας δʼ ἀλλύεσκεν, ἐπεὶ δαΐδας παραθεῖτο. ὣς τρίετες μὲν ἔληθε δόλῳ καὶ ἔπειθεν Ἀχαιούς· ἀλλʼ ὅτε τέτρατον ἦλθεν ἔτος καὶ ἐπήλυθον ὧραι, καὶ τότε δή τις ἔειπε γυναικῶν, σάφα ᾔδη, καὶ τήν γʼ ἀλλύουσαν ἐφεύρομεν ἀγλαὸν ἱστόν. ὣς τὸ μὲν ἐξετέλεσσε καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλουσʼ ὑπʼ ἀνάγκης· σοὶ δʼ ὧδε μνηστῆρες ὑποκρίνονται, ἵνʼ εἰδῇς αὐτὸς σῷ θυμῷ, εἰδῶσι δὲ πάντες Ἀχαιοί· μητέρα σὴν ἀπόπεμψον, ἄνωχθι δέ μιν γαμέεσθαι τῷ ὅτεῴ τε πατὴρ κέλεται καὶ ἁνδάνει αὐτῇ. εἰ δʼ ἔτʼ ἀνιήσει γε πολὺν χρόνον υἷας Ἀχαιῶν, τὰ φρονέουσʼ ἀνὰ θυμόν, οἱ πέρι δῶκεν Ἀθήνη ἔργα τʼ ἐπίστασθαι περικαλλέα καὶ φρένας ἐσθλὰς κέρδεά θʼ, οἷʼ οὔ πώ τινʼ ἀκούομεν οὐδὲ παλαιῶν, τάων αἳ πάρος ἦσαν ἐυπλοκαμῖδες Ἀχαιαί, Τυρώ τʼ Ἀλκμήνη τε ἐυστέφανός τε Μυκήνη· τάων οὔ τις ὁμοῖα νοήματα Πηνελοπείῃ ᾔδη· ἀτὰρ μὲν τοῦτό γʼ ἐναίσιμον οὐκ ἐνόησε. τόφρα γὰρ οὖν βίοτόν τε τεὸν καὶ κτήματʼ ἔδονται, ὄφρα κε κείνη τοῦτον ἔχῃ νόον, ὅν τινά οἱ νῦν ἐν στήθεσσι τιθεῖσι θεοί. μέγα μὲν κλέος αὐτῇ ποιεῖτʼ, αὐτὰρ σοί γε ποθὴν πολέος βιότοιο. ἡμεῖς δʼ οὔτʼ ἐπὶ ἔργα πάρος γʼ ἴμεν οὔτε πῃ ἄλλῃ, πρίν γʼ αὐτὴν γήμασθαι Ἀχαιῶν κʼ ἐθέλῃσι.
Lines 103–200
all that we endured on shipboard, as we roamed after booty over the misty deep whithersoever Achilles led; and all our fightings around the great city of king Priam;—lo, there all our best were slain. There lies warlike Aias, there Achilles, there Patroclus, the peer of the gods in counsel; and there my own dear son, strong alike and peerless, Antilochus, pre-eminent in speed of foot and as a warrior. Aye, and many other ills we suffered besides these; who of mortal men could tell them all? Nay, if for five years' space or six years' space thou wert to abide here, and ask of all the woes which the goodly Achaeans endured there, thou wouldest grow weary ere the end and get thee back to thy native land. For nine years' space were we busied plotting their ruin with all manner of wiles; and hardly did the son of Cronos bring it to pass. There no man ventured to vie with him in counsel, since goodly Odysseus far excelled in all manner of wiles,—thy father, if indeed thou art his son. Amazement holds me as I look on thee, for verily thy speech is like his; nor would one think that a younger man would speak so like him. Now all the time that we were there goodly Odysseus and I never spoke at variance either in the assembly or in the council, but being of one mind advised the Argives with wisdom and shrewd counsel how all might be for the best. But when we had sacked the lofty city of Priam, and had gone away in our ships, and a god had scattered the Achaeans, then, even then, Zeus planned in his heart a woeful return for the Argives, for in no wise prudent or just were all. Wherefore many of them met an evil fate through the fell wrath of the flashing-eyed goddess, the daughter of the mighty sire, for she caused strife between the two sons of Atreus. Now these two called to an assembly all the Achaeans, recklessly and in no due order, at set of sun—and they came heavy with wine, the sons of the Achaeans,— and they spoke their word, and told wherefore they had gathered the host together. that he might appease the dread wrath of Athena,—fool! nor knew he this, that with her was to be no hearkening; for the mind of the gods that are forever is not quickly turned. So these two stood bandying harsh words; but the well-greaved Achaeans sprang up with a wondrous din, and two-fold plans found favour with them. That night we rested, each side pondering hard thoughts against the other, for Zeus was bringing upon us an evil doom, but in the morning some of us launched our ships upon the bright sea, and put on board our goods and the low-girdled women. Half, indeed, of the host held back and remained there with Agamemnon, son of Atreus, shepherd of the host, but half of us embarked and rowed away; and swiftly the ships sailed, for a god made smooth the cavernous sea. But when we came to Tenedos, we offered sacrifice to the gods, being eager to reach our homes, howbeit Zeus did not yet purpose our return, stubborn god, who roused evil strife again a second time. Then some turned back their curved ships and departed, even the lord Odysseus, the wise and crafty-minded, with his company, once more showing favour to Agamemnon, son of Atreus; but I with the full company of ships that followed me fled on, for I knew that the god was devising evil. And the warlike son of Tydeus fled and urged on his men; and late upon our track came fair-haired Menelaus, and overtook us in Lesbos, as we were debating the long voyage, whether we should sail to sea-ward of rugged Chios, toward the isle Psyria, keeping Chios itself1 on our left, or to land-ward of Chios past windy Mimas. So we asked the god to shew us a sign, and he shewed it us, and bade us cleave through the midst of the sea to Euboea, that we might the soonest escape from misery. And a shrill wind sprang up to blow, and the ships ran swiftly over the teeming ways, and at night put in to Geraestus. There on the altar of Poseidon we laid many thighs of bulls, thankful to have traversed the great sea. It was the fourth day when in Argos the company of Diomedes, son of Tydeus, tamer of horses, stayed their shapely ships; but I held on toward Pylos, and the wind was not once quenched from the time when the god first sent it forth to blow. of those others, who of the Achaeans were saved, and who were lost. But what tidings I have heard as I abide in our halls thou shalt hear, as is right, nor will I hide it from thee. Safely, they say, came the Myrmidons that rage with the spear, whom the famous son of great-hearted Achilles led; and safely Philoctetes, the glorious son of Poias. All his company, too, did Idomeneus bring to Crete, all who escaped the war, and the sea robbed him of none. But of the son of Atreus you have yourselves heard, far off though you are, how he came, and how Aegisthus devised for him a woeful doom. Yet verily he paid the reckoning therefor in terrible wise, so good a thing is it that a son be left behind a man at his death, since that son took vengeance on his father's slayer, the guileful Aegisthus, for that he slew his glorious father. Thou, too, friend, for I see thou art a comely man and tall, be thou valiant, that many an one among men yet to be born may praise thee.” Then wise Telemachus answered him: “Nestor, son of Neleus, great glory of the Achaeans, yea verily that son took vengeance, and the Achaeans shall spread his fame abroad, that men who are yet to be may hear thereof.
φίλʼ, ἐπεί μʼ ἔμνησας ὀιζύος, ἣν ἐν ἐκείνῳ δήμῳ ἀνέτλημεν μένος ἄσχετοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν, ἠμὲν ὅσα ξὺν νηυσὶν ἐπʼ ἠεροειδέα πόντον πλαζόμενοι κατὰ ληίδʼ, ὅπῃ ἄρξειεν Ἀχιλλεύς, ἠδʼ ὅσα καὶ περὶ ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος μαρνάμεθʼ· ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτα κατέκταθεν ὅσσοι ἄριστοι. ἔνθα μὲν Αἴας κεῖται ἀρήιος, ἔνθα δʼ Ἀχιλλεύς, ἔνθα δὲ Πάτροκλος, θεόφιν μήστωρ ἀτάλαντος, ἔνθα δʼ ἐμὸς φίλος υἱός, ἅμα κρατερὸς καὶ ἀμύμων, Ἀντίλοχος, πέρι μὲν θείειν ταχὺς ἠδὲ μαχητής· ἄλλα τε πόλλʼ ἐπὶ τοῖς πάθομεν κακά· τίς κεν ἐκεῖνα πάντα γε μυθήσαιτο καταθνητῶν ἀνθρώπων; οὐδʼ εἰ πεντάετές γε καὶ ἑξάετες παραμίμνων ἐξερέοις ὅσα κεῖθι πάθον κακὰ δῖοι Ἀχαιοί· πρίν κεν ἀνιηθεὶς σὴν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἵκοιο. εἰνάετες γάρ σφιν κακὰ ῥάπτομεν ἀμφιέποντες παντοίοισι δόλοισι, μόγις δʼ ἐτέλεσσε Κρονίων. ἔνθʼ οὔ τίς ποτε μῆτιν ὁμοιωθήμεναι ἄντην ἤθελʼ, ἐπεὶ μάλα πολλὸν ἐνίκα δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς παντοίοισι δόλοισι, πατὴρ τεός, εἰ ἐτεόν γε κείνου ἔκγονός ἐσσι· σέβας μʼ ἔχει εἰσορόωντα. τοι γὰρ μῦθοί γε ἐοικότες, οὐδέ κε φαίης ἄνδρα νεώτερον ὧδε ἐοικότα μυθήσασθαι. ἔνθʼ τοι ἧος μὲν ἐγὼ καὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς οὔτε ποτʼ εἰν ἀγορῇ δίχʼ ἐβάζομεν οὔτʼ ἐνὶ βουλῇ, ἀλλʼ ἕνα θυμὸν ἔχοντε νόῳ καὶ ἐπίφρονι βουλῇ φραζόμεθʼ Ἀργείοισιν ὅπως ὄχʼ ἄριστα γένοιτο. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Πριάμοιο πόλιν διεπέρσαμεν αἰπήν, βῆμεν δʼ ἐν νήεσσι, θεὸς δʼ ἐκέδασσεν Ἀχαιούς, καὶ τότε δὴ Ζεὺς λυγρὸν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μήδετο νόστον Ἀργείοις, ἐπεὶ οὔ τι νοήμονες οὐδὲ δίκαιοι πάντες ἔσαν· τῶ σφεων πολέες κακὸν οἶτον ἐπέσπον μήνιος ἐξ ὀλοῆς γλαυκώπιδος ὀβριμοπάτρης. τʼ ἔριν Ἀτρεΐδῃσι μετʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν ἔθηκε. τὼ δὲ καλεσσαμένω ἀγορὴν ἐς πάντας Ἀχαιούς, μάψ, ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον, ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα, οἱ ἦλθον οἴνῳ βεβαρηότες υἷες Ἀχαιῶν, μῦθον μυθείσθην, τοῦ εἵνεκα λαὸν ἄγειραν. ἔνθʼ τοι Μενέλαος ἀνώγει πάντας Ἀχαιοὺς νόστου μιμνήσκεσθαι ἐπʼ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης, οὐδʼ Ἀγαμέμνονι πάμπαν ἑήνδανε· βούλετο γάρ ῥα λαὸν ἐρυκακέειν ῥέξαι θʼ ἱερὰς ἑκατόμβας, ὡς τὸν Ἀθηναίης δεινὸν χόλον ἐξακέσαιτο, νήπιος, οὐδὲ τὸ ᾔδη, οὐ πείσεσθαι ἔμελλεν· οὐ γάρ τʼ αἶψα θεῶν τρέπεται νόος αἰὲν ἐόντων. ὣς τὼ μὲν χαλεποῖσιν ἀμειβομένω ἐπέεσσιν ἕστασαν· οἱ δʼ ἀνόρουσαν ἐυκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ ἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ, δίχα δέ σφισιν ἥνδανε βουλή. νύκτα μὲν ἀέσαμεν χαλεπὰ φρεσὶν ὁρμαίνοντες ἀλλήλοις· ἐπὶ γὰρ Ζεὺς ἤρτυε πῆμα κακοῖο· ἠῶθεν δʼ οἱ μὲν νέας ἕλκομεν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν κτήματά τʼ ἐντιθέμεσθα βαθυζώνους τε γυναῖκας. ἡμίσεες δʼ ἄρα λαοὶ ἐρητύοντο μένοντες αὖθι παρʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι, ποιμένι λαῶν· ἡμίσεες δʼ ἀναβάντες ἐλαύνομεν· αἱ δὲ μάλʼ ὦκα ἔπλεον, ἐστόρεσεν δὲ θεὸς μεγακήτεα πόντον. ἐς Τένεδον δʼ ἐλθόντες ἐρέξαμεν ἱρὰ θεοῖσιν, οἴκαδε ἱέμενοι· Ζεὺς δʼ οὔ πω μήδετο νόστον, σχέτλιος, ὅς ῥʼ ἔριν ὦρσε κακὴν ἔπι δεύτερον αὖτις. οἱ μὲν ἀποστρέψαντες ἔβαν νέας ἀμφιελίσσας ἀμφʼ Ὀδυσῆα ἄνακτα δαΐφρονα, ποικιλομήτην, αὖτις ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι ἦρα φέροντες· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ σὺν νηυσὶν ἀολλέσιν, αἵ μοι ἕποντο, φεῦγον, ἐπεὶ γίγνωσκον, δὴ κακὰ μήδετο δαίμων. φεῦγε δὲ Τυδέος υἱὸς ἀρήιος, ὦρσε δʼ ἑταίρους. ὀψὲ δὲ δὴ μετὰ νῶι κίε ξανθὸς Μενέλαος, ἐν Λέσβῳ δʼ ἔκιχεν δολιχὸν πλόον ὁρμαίνοντας, καθύπερθε Χίοιο νεοίμεθα παιπαλοέσσης, νήσου ἔπι Ψυρίης, αὐτὴν ἐπʼ ἀριστέρʼ ἔχοντες, ὑπένερθε Χίοιο, παρʼ ἠνεμόεντα Μίμαντα. ᾐτέομεν δὲ θεὸν φῆναι τέρας· αὐτὰρ γʼ ἡμῖν δεῖξε, καὶ ἠνώγει πέλαγος μέσον εἰς Εὔβοιαν τέμνειν, ὄφρα τάχιστα ὑπὲκ κακότητα φύγοιμεν. ὦρτο δʼ ἐπὶ λιγὺς οὖρος ἀήμεναι· αἱ δὲ μάλʼ ὦκα ἰχθυόεντα κέλευθα διέδραμον, ἐς δὲ Γεραιστὸν ἐννύχιαι κατάγοντο· Ποσειδάωνι δὲ ταύρων πόλλʼ ἐπὶ μῆρʼ ἔθεμεν, πέλαγος μέγα μετρήσαντες. τέτρατον ἦμαρ ἔην, ὅτʼ ἐν Ἄργεϊ νῆας ἐίσας Τυδεΐδεω ἕταροι Διομήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο ἵστασαν· αὐτὰρ ἐγώ γε Πύλονδʼ ἔχον, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἔσβη οὖρος, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα θεὸς προέηκεν ἀῆναι. ὣς ἦλθον, φίλε τέκνον, ἀπευθής, οὐδέ τι οἶδα κείνων, οἵ τʼ ἐσάωθεν Ἀχαιῶν οἵ τʼ ἀπόλοντο. ὅσσα δʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροισι καθήμενος ἡμετέροισι πεύθομαι, θέμις ἐστί, δαήσεαι, οὐδέ σε κεύσω. εὖ μὲν Μυρμιδόνας φάσʼ ἐλθέμεν ἐγχεσιμώρους, οὓς ἄγʼ Ἀχιλλῆος μεγαθύμου φαίδιμος υἱός, εὖ δὲ Φιλοκτήτην, Ποιάντιον ἀγλαὸν υἱόν. πάντας δʼ Ἰδομενεὺς Κρήτην εἰσήγαγʼ ἑταίρους, οἳ φύγον ἐκ πολέμου, πόντος δέ οἱ οὔ τινʼ ἀπηύρα. Ἀτρεΐδην δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀκούετε, νόσφιν ἐόντες, ὥς τʼ ἦλθʼ, ὥς τʼ Αἴγισθος ἐμήσατο λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον. ἀλλʼ τοι κεῖνος μὲν ἐπισμυγερῶς ἀπέτισεν· ὡς ἀγαθὸν καὶ παῖδα καταφθιμένοιο λιπέσθαι ἀνδρός, ἐπεὶ καὶ κεῖνος ἐτίσατο πατροφονῆα, Αἴγισθον δολόμητιν, οἱ πατέρα κλυτὸν ἔκτα. καὶ σὺ φίλος, μάλα γάρ σʼ ὁρόω καλόν τε μέγαν τε, ἄλκιμος ἔσσʼ, ἵνα τίς σε καὶ ὀψιγόνων ἐὺ εἴπῃ.
Lines 113–127
and with both hands held up his purple cloak before his eyes. And Menelaus noted him, and debated in mind and heart whether he should leave him to speak of his father himself, or whether he should first question him and prove him in each thing. While he pondered thus in mind and heart, forth then from her fragrant high-roofed chamber came Helen, like Artemis of the golden arrows;1 and with her came Adraste, and placed for her a chair, beautifully wrought, and Alcippe brought a rug of soft wool and Phylo a silver basket, which Alcandre had given her, the wife of Polybus, who dwelt in Thebes of Egypt, where greatest store of wealth is laid up in men's houses. He gave to Menelaus two silver baths and two tripods and ten talents of gold.
ὣς φάτο, τῷ δʼ ἄρα πατρὸς ὑφʼ ἵμερον ὦρσε γόοιο. δάκρυ δʼ ἀπὸ βλεφάρων χαμάδις βάλε πατρὸς ἀκούσας, χλαῖναν πορφυρέην ἄντʼ ὀφθαλμοῖιν ἀνασχὼν ἀμφοτέρῃσιν χερσί. νόησε δέ μιν Μενέλαος, μερμήριξε δʼ ἔπειτα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν, ἠέ μιν αὐτὸν πατρὸς ἐάσειε μνησθῆναι πρῶτʼ ἐξερέοιτο ἕκαστά τε πειρήσαιτο. ἧος ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν, ἐκ δʼ Ἑλένη θαλάμοιο θυώδεος ὑψορόφοιο ἤλυθεν Ἀρτέμιδι χρυσηλακάτῳ ἐικυῖα. τῇ δʼ ἄρʼ ἅμʼ Ἀδρήστη κλισίην εὔτυκτον ἔθηκεν, Ἀλκίππη δὲ τάπητα φέρεν μαλακοῦ ἐρίοιο, Φυλὼ δʼ ἀργύρεον τάλαρον φέρε, τόν οἱ ἔθηκεν Ἀλκάνδρη, Πολύβοιο δάμαρ, ὃς ἔναιʼ ἐνὶ Θήβῃς Αἰγυπτίῃς, ὅθι πλεῖστα δόμοις ἐν κτήματα κεῖται·
Lines 722–741
pre-eminent in all manner of worth among the Danaans, my noble husband, whose fame is wide through Hellas and mid-Argos. And now again my well-loved son have the storm-winds swept away from our halls without tidings, nor did I hear of his setting forth. Cruel, that ye are! Not even you took thought, any one of you, to rouse me from my couch, though in your hearts ye knew full well when he went on board the hollow black ship. For had I learned that he was pondering this journey, he should verily have stayed here, how eager soever to be gone, or he should have left me dead in the halls. But now let one hasten to call hither the aged Dolius, my servant, whom my father gave me or ever I came hither, and who keeps my garden of many trees, that he may straightway go and sit by Laertes, and tell him of all these things. So haply may Laertes weave some plan in his heart, and go forth and with weeping make his plea to the people, who are minded to destroy his race and that of godlike Odysseus.” Then the good nurse Eurycleia answered her:“Dear lady, thou mayest verily slay me with the pitiless sword or let me abide in the house, yet will I not hide my word from thee.
κλῦτε, φίλαι· πέρι γάρ μοι Ὀλύμπιος ἄλγεʼ ἔδωκεν ἐκ πασέων, ὅσσαι μοι ὁμοῦ τράφεν ἠδʼ ἐγένοντο· πρὶν μὲν πόσιν ἐσθλὸν ἀπώλεσα θυμολέοντα, παντοίῃς ἀρετῇσι κεκασμένον ἐν Δαναοῖσιν, ἐσθλόν, τοῦ κλέος εὐρὺ καθʼ Ἑλλάδα καὶ μέσον Ἄργος. νῦν αὖ παῖδʼ ἀγαπητὸν ἀνηρείψαντο θύελλαι ἀκλέα ἐκ μεγάρων, οὐδʼ ὁρμηθέντος ἄκουσα. σχέτλιαι, οὐδʼ ὑμεῖς περ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θέσθε ἑκάστη ἐκ λεχέων μʼ ἀνεγεῖραι, ἐπιστάμεναι σάφα θυμῷ, ὁππότʼ ἐκεῖνος ἔβη κοίλην ἐπὶ νῆα μέλαιναν. εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ πυθόμην ταύτην ὁδὸν ὁρμαίνοντα, τῷ κε μάλʼ κεν ἔμεινε καὶ ἐσσύμενός περ ὁδοῖο, κέ με τεθνηκυῖαν ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἔλειπεν. ἀλλά τις ὀτρηρῶς Δολίον καλέσειε γέροντα, δμῶʼ ἐμόν, ὅν μοι δῶκε πατὴρ ἔτι δεῦρο κιούσῃ, καί μοι κῆπον ἔχει πολυδένδρεον, ὄφρα τάχιστα Λαέρτῃ τάδε πάντα παρεζόμενος καταλέξῃ, εἰ δή πού τινα κεῖνος ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μῆτιν ὑφήνας ἐξελθὼν λαοῖσιν ὀδύρεται, οἳ μεμάασιν ὃν καὶ Ὀδυσσῆος φθῖσαι γόνον ἀντιθέοιο.
Lines 423–437
a great wave bore him against the rugged shore. There would his skin have been stripped off and his bones broken, had not the goddess, flashing-eyed Athena, put a thought in his mind. On he rushed and seized the rock with both hands, and clung to it, groaning, until the great wave went by. Thus then did he escape this wave, but in its backward flow it once more rushed upon him and smote him, and flung him far out in the sea. And just as, when a cuttlefish is dragged from its hole, many pebbles cling to its suckers, even so from his strong hands were bits of skin stripped off against the rocks; and the great wave covered him. Then verily would hapless Odysseus have perished beyond his fate, had not flashing-eyed Athena given him prudence. Making his way forth from the surge where it belched upon the shore, he swam outside, looking ever toward the land in hope to find
οἶδα γάρ, ὥς μοι ὀδώδυσται κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος. ἧος ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν, τόφρα δέ μιν μέγα κῦμα φέρε τρηχεῖαν ἐπʼ ἀκτήν. ἔνθα κʼ ἀπὸ ῥινοὺς δρύφθη, σὺν δʼ ὀστέʼ ἀράχθη, εἰ μὴ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη· ἀμφοτέρῃσι δὲ χερσὶν ἐπεσσύμενος λάβε πέτρης, τῆς ἔχετο στενάχων, ἧος μέγα κῦμα παρῆλθε. καὶ τὸ μὲν ὣς ὑπάλυξε, παλιρρόθιον δέ μιν αὖτις πλῆξεν ἐπεσσύμενον, τηλοῦ δέ μιν ἔμβαλε πόντῳ. ὡς δʼ ὅτε πουλύποδος θαλάμης ἐξελκομένοιο πρὸς κοτυληδονόφιν πυκιναὶ λάιγγες ἔχονται, ὣς τοῦ πρὸς πέτρῃσι θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν ῥινοὶ ἀπέδρυφθεν· τὸν δὲ μέγα κῦμα κάλυψεν. ἔνθα κε δὴ δύστηνος ὑπὲρ μόρον ὤλετʼ Ὀδυσσεύς, εἰ μὴ ἐπιφροσύνην δῶκε γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.
Lines 2–332
For myself I declare that there is no greater fulfillment of delight than when joy possesses a whole people, and banqueters in the halls listen to a minstrel as they sit in order due, and by them tables are laden with bread and meat, and the cup-bearer draws wine from the bowl and bears it round and pours it into the cups. This seems to my mind the fairest thing there is. But thy heart is turned to ask of my grievous woes, that I may weep and groan the more. What, then, shall I tell thee first, what last? for woes full many have the heavenly gods given me. First now will I tell my name, that ye, too, may know it, and that I hereafter, when I have escaped from the pitiless day of doom, may be your host, though I dwell in a home that is afar. I am Odysseus, son of Laertes, who am known among men for all manner of wiles,1 and my fame reaches unto heaven. But I dwell in clear-seen Ithaca, wherein is a mountain, Neriton, covered with waving forests, conspicuous from afar; and round it lie many isles hard by one another, Dulichium, and Same, and wooded Zacynthus. Ithaca itself lies close in to the mainland1 the furthest toward the gloom,2 but the others lie apart toward the Dawn and the sun—a rugged isle, but a good nurse of young men; and for myself no other thing can I see sweeter than one's own land. Of a truth Calypso, the beautiful goddess, sought to keep me by her in her hollow caves, yearning that I should be her husband; and in like manner Circe would fain have held me back in her halls, the guileful lady of Aeaea, yearning that I should be her husband; but they could never persuade the heart within my breast. So true is it that naught is sweeter than a man's own land and his parents, even though it be in a rich house that he dwells afar in a foreign land away from his parents. But come, let me tell thee also of my woeful home-coming, which Zeus laid upon me as I came from Troy. “From Ilios the wind bore me and brought me to the Cicones, to Ismarus. There I sacked the city and slew the men; and from the city we took their wives and great store of treasure, and divided them among us, that so far as lay in me no man might go defrauded of an equal share. Then verily I gave command that we should flee with swift foot, but the others in their great folly did not hearken. But there much wine was drunk, and many sheep they slew by the shore, and sleek kine of shambling gait. at fighting with their foes from chariots, and, if need were, on foot. So they came in the morning, as thick as leaves or flowers spring up in their season; and then it was that an evil fate from Zeus beset us luckless men, that we might suffer woes full many. They set their battle in array and fought by the swift ships, and each side hurled at the other with bronze-tipped spears. Now as long as it was morn and the sacred day was waxing, so long we held our ground and beat them off, though they were more than we. But when the sun turned to the time for the unyoking of oxen, then the Cicones prevailed and routed the Achaeans, and six of my well-greaved comrades perished from each ship; but the rest of us escaped death and fate. “Thence we sailed on, grieved at heart, glad to have escaped from death, though we had lost our dear comrades; nor did I let my curved ships pass on till we had called thrice on each of those hapless comrades of ours who died on the plain, cut down by the Cicones. But against our ships Zeus, the cloud-gatherer, roused the North Wind with a wondrous tempest, and hid with clouds the land and the sea alike, and night rushed down from heaven. Then the ships were driven headlong, and their sails were torn to shreds by the violence of the wind. So we lowered the sails and stowed them aboard, in fear of death, and rowed the ships hurriedly toward the land. There for two nights and two days continuously we lay, eating our hearts for weariness and sorrow. But when now fair-tressed Dawn brought to its birth the third day, we set up the masts and hoisted the white sails, and took our seats, and the wind and the helmsmen steered the ships. And now all unscathed should I have reached my native land, but the wave and the current and the North Wind beat me back as I was rounding Malea, and drove me from my course past Cythera. There we went on shore and drew water, and straightway my comrades took their meal by the swift ships. But when we had tasted food and drink, I sent forth some of my comrades to go and learn who the men were, who here ate bread upon the earth; two men I chose, sending with them a third as a herald. So they went straightway and mingled with the Lotus-eaters, and the Lotus-eaters did not plan death for my comrades, but gave them of the lotus to taste. And whosoever of them ate of the honey-sweet fruit of the lotus, had no longer any wish to bring back word or to return, but there they were fain to abide among the Lotus-eaters, feeding on the lotus, and forgetful of their homeward way. These men, therefore, I brought back perforce to the ships, weeping, and dragged them beneath the benches and bound them fast in the hollow ships; and I bade the rest of my trusty comrades to embark with speed on the swift ships, lest perchance anyone should eat of the lotus and forget his homeward way. So they went on board straightway and sat down upon the benches, and sitting well in order smote the grey sea with their oars. “Thence we sailed on, grieved at heart, and we came to the land of the Cyclopes, an overweening and lawless folk, who, trusting in the immortal gods, plant nothing with their hands nor plough; but all these things spring up for them without sowing or ploughing, wheat, and barley, and vines, which bear the rich clusters of wine, and the rain of Zeus gives them increase. Neither assemblies for council have they, nor appointed laws, but they dwell on the peaks of lofty mountains in hollow caves, and each one is lawgiver to his children and his wives, and they reck nothing one of another. nor are hunters wont to come thither, men who endure toils in the woodland as they course over the peaks of the mountains. Neither with flocks is it held, nor with ploughed lands, but unsown and untilled all the days it knows naught of men, but feeds the bleating goats. For the Cyclopes have at hand no ships with vermilion cheeks,2 nor are there ship-wrights in their land who might build them well-benched ships, which should perform all their wants, passing to the cities of other folk, as men often cross the sea in ships to visit one another— craftsmen, who would have made of this isle also a fair settlement. For the isle is nowise poor, but would bear all things in season. In it are meadows by the shores of the grey sea, well-watered meadows and soft, where vines would never fail, and in it level ploughland, whence they might reap from season to season harvests exceeding deep, so rich is the soil beneath; and in it, too, is a harbor giving safe anchorage, where there is no need of moorings, either to throw out anchor-stones or to make fast stern cables, but one may beach one's ship and wait until the sailors' minds bid them put out, and the breezes blow fair. Now at the head of the harbor a spring of bright water flows forth from beneath a cave, and round about it poplars grow. Thither we sailed in, and some god guided us through the murky night; for there was no light to see, but a mist lay deep about the ships and the moon showed no light from heaven, but was shut in by clouds. Then no man's eyes beheld that island, nor did we see the long waves rolling on the beach, until we ran our well-benched ships on shore. And when we had beached the ships we lowered all the sails and ourselves went forth on the shore of the sea, and there we fell asleep and waited for the bright Dawn. “As soon as early Dawn appeared, the rosy-fingered, we roamed throughout the isle marvelling at it; and the nymphs, the daughters of Zeus who bears the aegis, roused the mountain goats, that my comrades might have whereof to make their meal. Straightway we took from the ships our curved bows and long javelins, and arrayed in three bands we fell to smiting; and the god soon gave us game to satisfy our hearts. The ships that followed me were twelve, and to each nine goats fell by lot, but for me alone they chose out ten. had we drawn in jars for each crew when we took the sacred citadel of the Cicones. And we looked across to the land of the Cyclopes, who dwelt close at hand, and marked the smoke, and the voice of men, and of the sheep, and of the goats. But when the sun set and darkness came on, then we lay down to rest on the shore of the sea. And as soon as early Dawn appeared, the rosy-fingered, I called my men together and spoke among them all: “‘Remain here now, all the rest of you, my trusty comrades, but I with my own ship and my own company will go and make trial of yonder men, to learn who they are, whether they are cruel, and wild, and unjust, or whether they love strangers and fear the gods in their thoughts.’ “So saying, I went on board the ship and bade my comrades themselves to embark, and to loose the stern cables. So they went on board straightway and sat down upon the benches, and sitting well in order smote the grey sea with their oars. But when we had reached the place, which lay close at hand, there on the land's edge hard by the sea we saw a high cave, roofed over with laurels, and there many flocks, sheep and goats alike, were wont to sleep. Round about it a high court was built with stones set deep in the earth, and with tall pines and high-crested oaks. There a monstrous man was wont to sleep, who shepherded his flocks alone and afar, and mingled not with others, but lived apart, with his heart set on lawlessness. For he was fashioned a wondrous monster, and was not like a man that lives by bread, but like a wooded peak of lofty mountains, which stands out to view alone, apart from the rest. but I chose twelve of the best of my comrades and went my way. With me I had a goat-skin of the dark, sweet wine, which Maro, son of Euanthes, had given me, the priest of Apollo, the god who used to watch over Ismarus. And he had given it me because we had protected him with his child and wife out of reverence; for he dwelt in a wooded grove of Phoebus Apollo. And he gave me splendid gifts: of well-wrought gold he gave me seven talents, and he gave me a mixing-bowl all of silver; and besides these, wine, wherewith he filled twelve jars in all, wine sweet and unmixed, a drink divine. Not one of his slaves nor of the maids in his halls knew thereof, but himself and his dear wife, and one house-dame only. And as often as they drank that honey-sweet red wine he would fill one cup and pour it into twenty measures of water, and a smell would rise from the mixing-bowl marvellously sweet; then verily would one not choose to hold back. With this wine I filled and took with me a great skin, and also provision in a scrip; for my proud spirit had a foreboding that presently a man would come to me clothed in great might, a savage man that knew naught of justice or of law.1 “Speedily we came to the cave, nor did we find him within, but he was pasturing his fat flocks in the fields. So we entered the cave and gazed in wonder at all things there. The crates were laden with cheeses, and the pens were crowded with lambs and kids. Each kind was penned separately: by themselves the firstlings, by themselves the later lambs, and by themselves again the newly weaned. And with whey were swimming all the well-wrought vessels, the milk-pails and the bowls into which he milked. Then my comrades spoke and besought me first of all to take of the cheeses and depart, and thereafter speedily to drive to the swift ship the kids and lambs from out the pens, and to sail over the salt water. But I did not listen to them—verily it would have been better far—to the end that I might see the man himself, and whether he would give me gifts of entertainment. Yet, as it fell, his appearing was not to prove a joy to my comrades. and flung it down with a crash inside the cave, but we, seized with terror, shrank back into a recess of the cave. But he drove his fat flocks into the wide cavern—all those that he milked; but the males—the rams and the goats—he left without in the deep court.1 Then he lifted on high and set in place the great door-stone, a mighty rock; two and twenty stout four-wheeled wagons could not lift it from the ground, such a towering mass of rock he set in the doorway. Thereafter he sat down and milked the ewes and bleating goats all in turn, and beneath each dam he placed her young. Then presently he curdled half the white milk, and gathered it in wicker baskets and laid it away, and the other half he set in vessels that he might have it to take and drink, and that it might serve him for supper. But when he had busily performed his tasks, then he rekindled the fire, and caught sight of us, and asked: “‘Strangers, who are ye? Whence do ye sail over the watery ways? Is it on some business, or do ye wander at random over the sea, even as pirates, who wander, hazarding their lives and bringing evil to men of other lands?’ “So he spoke, and in our breasts our spirit was broken for terror of his deep voice and monstrous self; yet even so I made answer and spoke to him, saying: “‘We, thou must know, are from Troy, Achaeans, driven wandering by all manner of winds over the great gulf of the sea. Seeking our home, we have come by another way, by other paths; so, I ween, Zeus was pleased to devise. And we declare that we are the men of Agamemnon, son of Atreus, whose fame is now mightiest under heaven, so great a city did he sack, and slew many people; but we on our part, thus visiting thee, have come as suppliants to thy knees, in the hope that thou wilt give us entertainment, or in other wise make some present, as is the due of strangers. Nay, mightiest one, reverence the gods; we are thy suppliants; and Zeus is the avenger of suppliants and strangers—Zeus, the strangers' god—who ever attends upon reverend strangers.’ “So I spoke, and he straightway made answer with pitiless heart: ‘A fool art thou, stranger, or art come from afar, seeing that thou biddest me either to fear or to shun the gods. For the Cyclopes reck not of Zeus, who bears the aegis, nor of the blessed gods, since verily we are better far than they. Nor would I, to shun the wrath of Zeus, spare either thee or thy comrades, unless my own heart should bid me. But tell me where thou didst moor thy well-wrought ship on thy coming. Was it haply at a remote part of the land, or close by? I fain would know.’ for he brought her close to the headland, and the wind drove her in from the sea. But I, with these men here, escaped utter destruction.’ “So I spoke, but from his pitiless heart he made no answer, but sprang up and put forth his hands upon my comrades. Two of them at once he seized and dashed to the earth like puppies, and the brain flowed forth upon the ground and wetted the earth. Then he cut them limb from limb and made ready his supper, and ate them as a mountain-nurtured lion, leaving naught—ate the entrails, and the flesh, and the marrowy bones. And we with wailing held up our hands to Zeus, beholding his cruel deeds; and helplessness possessed our souls. But when the Cyclops had filled his huge maw by eating human flesh and thereafter drinking pure milk, he lay down within the cave, stretched out among the sheep. And I formed a plan in my great heart to steal near him, and draw my sharp sword from beside my thigh and smite him in the breast, where the midriff holds the liver, feeling for the place with my hand. But a second thought checked me, for right there should we, too, have perished in utter ruin. For we should not have been able to thrust back with our hands from the high door the mighty stone which he had set there. So then, with wailing, we waited for the bright Dawn. “As soon as early Dawn appeared, the rosy-fingered, he rekindled the fire and milked his goodly flocks all in turn, and beneath each dam placed her young. Then, when he had busily performed his tasks, again he seized two men at once and made ready his meal. And when he had made his meal he drove his fat flocks forth from the cave, easily moving away the great door-stone; and then he put it in place again, as one might set the lid upon a quiver. Then with loud whistling the Cyclops turned his fat flocks toward the mountain, and I was left there, devising evil in the deep of my heart, if in any way I might take vengeance on him, and Athena grant me glory. a staff of green olive-wood, which he had cut to carry with him when dry; and as we looked at it we thought it as large as is the mast of a black ship of twenty oars, a merchantman, broad of beam, which crosses over the great gulf; so huge it was in length and in breadth to look upon. To this I came, and cut off therefrom about a fathom's length and handed it to my comrades, bidding them dress it down; and they made it smooth, and I, standing by, sharpened it at the point, and then straightway took it and hardened it in the blazing fire. Then I laid it carefully away, hiding it beneath the dung, which lay in great heaps throughout the cave. And I bade my comrades cast lots among them, which of them should have the hardihood with me to lift the stake and grind it into his eye when sweet sleep should come upon him. And the lot fell upon those whom I myself would fain have chosen;
Ἀλκίνοε κρεῖον, πάντων ἀριδείκετε λαῶν, τοι μὲν τόδε καλὸν ἀκουέμεν ἐστὶν ἀοιδοῦ τοιοῦδʼ οἷος ὅδʼ ἐστί, θεοῖς ἐναλίγκιος αὐδήν. οὐ γὰρ ἐγώ γέ τί φημι τέλος χαριέστερον εἶναι ὅτʼ ἐυφροσύνη μὲν ἔχῃ κάτα δῆμον ἅπαντα, δαιτυμόνες δʼ ἀνὰ δώματʼ ἀκουάζωνται ἀοιδοῦ ἥμενοι ἑξείης, παρὰ δὲ πλήθωσι τράπεζαι σίτου καὶ κρειῶν, μέθυ δʼ ἐκ κρητῆρος ἀφύσσων οἰνοχόος φορέῃσι καὶ ἐγχείῃ δεπάεσσι· τοῦτό τί μοι κάλλιστον ἐνὶ φρεσὶν εἴδεται εἶναι. σοὶ δʼ ἐμὰ κήδεα θυμὸς ἐπετράπετο στονόεντα εἴρεσθʼ, ὄφρʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον ὀδυρόμενος στεναχίζω· τί πρῶτόν τοι ἔπειτα, τί δʼ ὑστάτιον καταλέξω; κήδεʼ ἐπεί μοι πολλὰ δόσαν θεοὶ Οὐρανίωνες. νῦν δʼ ὄνομα πρῶτον μυθήσομαι, ὄφρα καὶ ὑμεῖς εἴδετʼ, ἐγὼ δʼ ἂν ἔπειτα φυγὼν ὕπο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ ὑμῖν ξεῖνος ἔω καὶ ἀπόπροθι δώματα ναίων. εἴμʼ Ὀδυσεὺς Λαερτιάδης, ὃς πᾶσι δόλοισιν ἀνθρώποισι μέλω, καί μευ κλέος οὐρανὸν ἵκει. ναιετάω δʼ Ἰθάκην ἐυδείελον· ἐν δʼ ὄρος αὐτῇ Νήριτον εἰνοσίφυλλον, ἀριπρεπές· ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆσοι πολλαὶ ναιετάουσι μάλα σχεδὸν ἀλλήλῃσι, Δουλίχιόν τε Σάμη τε καὶ ὑλήεσσα Ζάκυνθος. αὐτὴ δὲ χθαμαλὴ πανυπερτάτη εἰν ἁλὶ κεῖται πρὸς ζόφον, αἱ δέ τʼ ἄνευθε πρὸς ἠῶ τʼ ἠέλιόν τε, τρηχεῖʼ, ἀλλʼ ἀγαθὴ κουροτρόφος· οὔ τοι ἐγώ γε ἧς γαίης δύναμαι γλυκερώτερον ἄλλο ἰδέσθαι. μέν μʼ αὐτόθʼ ἔρυκε Καλυψώ, δῖα θεάων, ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι, λιλαιομένη πόσιν εἶναι· ὣς δʼ αὔτως Κίρκη κατερήτυεν ἐν μεγάροισιν Αἰαίη δολόεσσα, λιλαιομένη πόσιν εἶναι· ἀλλʼ ἐμὸν οὔ ποτε θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἔπειθον. ὣς οὐδὲν γλύκιον ἧς πατρίδος οὐδὲ τοκήων γίγνεται, εἴ περ καί τις ἀπόπροθι πίονα οἶκον γαίῃ ἐν ἀλλοδαπῇ ναίει ἀπάνευθε τοκήων. εἰ δʼ ἄγε τοι καὶ νόστον ἐμὸν πολυκηδέʼ ἐνίσπω, ὅν μοι Ζεὺς ἐφέηκεν ἀπὸ Τροίηθεν ἰόντι. Ἰλιόθεν με φέρων ἄνεμος Κικόνεσσι πέλασσεν, Ἰσμάρῳ. ἔνθα δʼ ἐγὼ πόλιν ἔπραθον, ὤλεσα δʼ αὐτούς· ἐκ πόλιος δʼ ἀλόχους καὶ κτήματα πολλὰ λαβόντες δασσάμεθʼ, ὡς μή τίς μοι ἀτεμβόμενος κίοι ἴσης. ἔνθʼ τοι μὲν ἐγὼ διερῷ ποδὶ φευγέμεν ἡμέας ἠνώγεα, τοὶ δὲ μέγα νήπιοι οὐκ ἐπίθοντο. ἔνθα δὲ πολλὸν μὲν μέθυ πίνετο, πολλὰ δὲ μῆλα ἔσφαζον παρὰ θῖνα καὶ εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς· τόφρα δʼ ἄρʼ οἰχόμενοι Κίκονες Κικόνεσσι γεγώνευν, οἵ σφιν γείτονες ἦσαν, ἅμα πλέονες καὶ ἀρείους, ἤπειρον ναίοντες, ἐπιστάμενοι μὲν ἀφʼ ἵππων ἀνδράσι μάρνασθαι καὶ ὅθι χρὴ πεζὸν ἐόντα. ἦλθον ἔπειθʼ ὅσα φύλλα καὶ ἄνθεα γίγνεται ὥρῃ, ἠέριοι· τότε δή ῥα κακὴ Διὸς αἶσα παρέστη ἡμῖν αἰνομόροισιν, ἵνʼ ἄλγεα πολλὰ πάθοιμεν. στησάμενοι δʼ ἐμάχοντο μάχην παρὰ νηυσὶ θοῇσι, βάλλον δʼ ἀλλήλους χαλκήρεσιν ἐγχείῃσιν. ὄφρα μὲν ἠὼς ἦν καὶ ἀέξετο ἱερὸν ἦμαρ, τόφρα δʼ ἀλεξόμενοι μένομεν πλέονάς περ ἐόντας. ἦμος δʼ ἠέλιος μετενίσσετο βουλυτόνδε, καὶ τότε δὴ Κίκονες κλῖναν δαμάσαντες Ἀχαιούς. ἓξ δʼ ἀφʼ ἑκάστης νηὸς ἐυκνήμιδες ἑταῖροι ὤλονθʼ· οἱ δʼ ἄλλοι φύγομεν θάνατόν τε μόρον τε. ἔνθεν δὲ προτέρω πλέομεν ἀκαχήμενοι ἦτορ, ἄσμενοι ἐκ θανάτοιο, φίλους ὀλέσαντες ἑταίρους. οὐδʼ ἄρα μοι προτέρω νῆες κίον ἀμφιέλισσαι, πρίν τινα τῶν δειλῶν ἑτάρων τρὶς ἕκαστον ἀῦσαι, οἳ θάνον ἐν πεδίῳ Κικόνων ὕπο δῃωθέντες. νηυσὶ δʼ ἐπῶρσʼ ἄνεμον Βορέην νεφεληγερέτα Ζεὺς λαίλαπι θεσπεσίῃ, σὺν δὲ νεφέεσσι κάλυψε γαῖαν ὁμοῦ καὶ πόντον· ὀρώρει δʼ οὐρανόθεν νύξ. αἱ μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἐφέροντʼ ἐπικάρσιαι, ἱστία δέ σφιν τριχθά τε καὶ τετραχθὰ διέσχισεν ἲς ἀνέμοιο. καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐς νῆας κάθεμεν, δείσαντες ὄλεθρον, αὐτὰς δʼ ἐσσυμένως προερέσσαμεν ἤπειρόνδε. ἔνθα δύω νύκτας δύο τʼ ἤματα συνεχὲς αἰεὶ κείμεθʼ, ὁμοῦ καμάτῳ τε καὶ ἄλγεσι θυμὸν ἔδοντες. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τρίτον ἦμαρ ἐυπλόκαμος τέλεσʼ Ἠώς, ἱστοὺς στησάμενοι ἀνά θʼ ἱστία λεύκʼ ἐρύσαντες ἥμεθα, τὰς δʼ ἄνεμός τε κυβερνῆταί τʼ ἴθυνον. καί νύ κεν ἀσκηθὴς ἱκόμην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν· ἀλλά με κῦμα ῥόος τε περιγνάμπτοντα Μάλειαν καὶ Βορέης ἀπέωσε, παρέπλαγξεν δὲ Κυθήρων. ἔνθεν δʼ ἐννῆμαρ φερόμην ὀλοοῖς ἀνέμοισιν πόντον ἐπʼ ἰχθυόεντα· ἀτὰρ δεκάτῃ ἐπέβημεν γαίης Λωτοφάγων, οἵ τʼ ἄνθινον εἶδαρ ἔδουσιν. ἔνθα δʼ ἐπʼ ἠπείρου βῆμεν καὶ ἀφυσσάμεθʼ ὕδωρ, αἶψα δὲ δεῖπνον ἕλοντο θοῇς παρὰ νηυσὶν ἑταῖροι. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ σίτοιό τʼ ἐπασσάμεθʼ ἠδὲ ποτῆτος, δὴ τοτʼ ἐγὼν ἑτάρους προΐειν πεύθεσθαι ἰόντας, οἵ τινες ἀνέρες εἶεν ἐπὶ χθονὶ σῖτον ἔδοντες ἄνδρε δύω κρίνας, τρίτατον κήρυχʼ ἅμʼ ὀπάσσας. οἱ δʼ αἶψʼ οἰχόμενοι μίγεν ἀνδράσι Λωτοφάγοισιν· οὐδʼ ἄρα Λωτοφάγοι μήδονθʼ ἑτάροισιν ὄλεθρον ἡμετέροις, ἀλλά σφι δόσαν λωτοῖο πάσασθαι. τῶν δʼ ὅς τις λωτοῖο φάγοι μελιηδέα καρπόν, οὐκέτʼ ἀπαγγεῖλαι πάλιν ἤθελεν οὐδὲ νέεσθαι, ἀλλʼ αὐτοῦ βούλοντο μετʼ ἀνδράσι Λωτοφάγοισι λωτὸν ἐρεπτόμενοι μενέμεν νόστου τε λαθέσθαι. τοὺς μὲν ἐγὼν ἐπὶ νῆας ἄγον κλαίοντας ἀνάγκῃ, νηυσὶ δʼ ἐνὶ γλαφυρῇσιν ὑπὸ ζυγὰ δῆσα ἐρύσσας. αὐτὰρ τοὺς ἄλλους κελόμην ἐρίηρας ἑταίρους σπερχομένους νηῶν ἐπιβαινέμεν ὠκειάων, μή πώς τις λωτοῖο φαγὼν νόστοιο λάθηται. οἱ δʼ αἶψʼ εἴσβαινον καὶ ἐπὶ κληῖσι καθῖζον, ἑξῆς δʼ ἑζόμενοι πολιὴν ἅλα τύπτον ἐρετμοῖς. ἔνθεν δὲ προτέρω πλέομεν ἀκαχήμενοι ἦτορ· Κυκλώπων δʼ ἐς γαῖαν ὑπερφιάλων ἀθεμίστων ἱκόμεθʼ, οἵ ῥα θεοῖσι πεποιθότες ἀθανάτοισιν οὔτε φυτεύουσιν χερσὶν φυτὸν οὔτʼ ἀρόωσιν, ἀλλὰ τά γʼ ἄσπαρτα καὶ ἀνήροτα πάντα φύονται, πυροὶ καὶ κριθαὶ ἠδʼ ἄμπελοι, αἵ τε φέρουσιν οἶνον ἐριστάφυλον, καί σφιν Διὸς ὄμβρος ἀέξει. τοῖσιν δʼ οὔτʼ ἀγοραὶ βουληφόροι οὔτε θέμιστες, ἀλλʼ οἵ γʼ ὑψηλῶν ὀρέων ναίουσι κάρηνα ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι, θεμιστεύει δὲ ἕκαστος παίδων ἠδʼ ἀλόχων, οὐδʼ ἀλλήλων ἀλέγουσιν. νῆσος ἔπειτα λάχεια παρὲκ λιμένος τετάνυσται, γαίης Κυκλώπων οὔτε σχεδὸν οὔτʼ ἀποτηλοῦ, ὑλήεσσʼ· ἐν δʼ αἶγες ἀπειρέσιαι γεγάασιν ἄγριαι· οὐ μὲν γὰρ πάτος ἀνθρώπων ἀπερύκει, οὐδέ μιν εἰσοιχνεῦσι κυνηγέται, οἵ τε καθʼ ὕλην ἄλγεα πάσχουσιν κορυφὰς ὀρέων ἐφέποντες. οὔτʼ ἄρα ποίμνῃσιν καταΐσχεται οὔτʼ ἀρότοισιν, ἀλλʼ γʼ ἄσπαρτος καὶ ἀνήροτος ἤματα πάντα ἀνδρῶν χηρεύει, βόσκει δέ τε μηκάδας αἶγας. οὐ γὰρ Κυκλώπεσσι νέες πάρα μιλτοπάρῃοι, οὐδʼ ἄνδρες νηῶν ἔνι τέκτονες, οἵ κε κάμοιεν νῆας ἐυσσέλμους, αἵ κεν τελέοιεν ἕκαστα ἄστεʼ ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπων ἱκνεύμεναι, οἷά τε πολλὰ ἄνδρες ἐπʼ ἀλλήλους νηυσὶν περόωσι θάλασσαν· οἵ κέ σφιν καὶ νῆσον ἐυκτιμένην ἐκάμοντο. οὐ μὲν γάρ τι κακή γε, φέροι δέ κεν ὥρια πάντα· ἐν μὲν γὰρ λειμῶνες ἁλὸς πολιοῖο παρʼ ὄχθας ὑδρηλοὶ μαλακοί· μάλα κʼ ἄφθιτοι ἄμπελοι εἶεν. ἐν δʼ ἄροσις λείη· μάλα κεν βαθὺ λήιον αἰεὶ εἰς ὥρας ἀμῷεν, ἐπεὶ μάλα πῖαρ ὑπʼ οὖδας. ἐν δὲ λιμὴν ἐύορμος, ἵνʼ οὐ χρεὼ πείσματός ἐστιν, οὔτʼ εὐνὰς βαλέειν οὔτε πρυμνήσιʼ ἀνάψαι, ἀλλʼ ἐπικέλσαντας μεῖναι χρόνον εἰς κε ναυτέων θυμὸς ἐποτρύνῃ καὶ ἐπιπνεύσωσιν ἀῆται. αὐτὰρ ἐπὶ κρατὸς λιμένος ῥέει ἀγλαὸν ὕδωρ, κρήνη ὑπὸ σπείους· περὶ δʼ αἴγειροι πεφύασιν. ἔνθα κατεπλέομεν, καί τις θεὸς ἡγεμόνευεν νύκτα διʼ ὀρφναίην, οὐδὲ προυφαίνετʼ ἰδέσθαι· ἀὴρ γὰρ περὶ νηυσὶ βαθεῖʼ ἦν, οὐδὲ σελήνη οὐρανόθεν προύφαινε, κατείχετο δὲ νεφέεσσιν. ἔνθʼ οὔ τις τὴν νῆσον ἐσέδρακεν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν, οὔτʼ οὖν κύματα μακρὰ κυλινδόμενα προτὶ χέρσον εἰσίδομεν, πρὶν νῆας ἐυσσέλμους ἐπικέλσαι. κελσάσῃσι δὲ νηυσὶ καθείλομεν ἱστία πάντα, ἐκ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ βῆμεν ἐπὶ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης· ἔνθα δʼ ἀποβρίξαντες ἐμείναμεν Ἠῶ δῖαν. ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς, νῆσον θαυμάζοντες ἐδινεόμεσθα κατʼ αὐτήν. ὦρσαν δὲ νύμφαι, κοῦραι Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο, αἶγας ὀρεσκῴους, ἵνα δειπνήσειαν ἑταῖροι. αὐτίκα καμπύλα τόξα καὶ αἰγανέας δολιχαύλους εἱλόμεθʼ ἐκ νηῶν, διὰ δὲ τρίχα κοσμηθέντες βάλλομεν· αἶψα δʼ ἔδωκε θεὸς μενοεικέα θήρην. νῆες μέν μοι ἕποντο δυώδεκα, ἐς δὲ ἑκάστην ἐννέα λάγχανον αἶγες· ἐμοὶ δὲ δέκʼ ἔξελον οἴῳ. ὣς τότε μὲν πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα ἥμεθα δαινύμενοι κρέα τʼ ἄσπετα καὶ μέθυ ἡδύ· οὐ γάρ πω νηῶν ἐξέφθιτο οἶνος ἐρυθρός, ἀλλʼ ἐνέην· πολλὸν γὰρ ἐν ἀμφιφορεῦσιν ἕκαστοι ἠφύσαμεν Κικόνων. ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον ἑλόντες. Κυκλώπων δʼ ἐς γαῖαν ἐλεύσσομεν ἐγγὺς ἐόντων, καπνόν τʼ αὐτῶν τε φθογγὴν ὀίων τε καὶ αἰγῶν. ἦμος δʼ ἠέλιος κατέδυ καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἦλθε, δὴ τότε κοιμήθημεν ἐπὶ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης. ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς, καὶ τότʼ ἐγὼν ἀγορὴν θέμενος μετὰ πᾶσιν ἔειπον· ἄλλοι μὲν νῦν μίμνετʼ, ἐμοὶ ἐρίηρες ἑταῖροι· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ σὺν νηί τʼ ἐμῇ καὶ ἐμοῖς ἑτάροισιν ἐλθὼν τῶνδʼ ἀνδρῶν πειρήσομαι, οἵ τινές εἰσιν, ῥʼ οἵ γʼ ὑβρισταί τε καὶ ἄγριοι οὐδὲ δίκαιοι, ἦε φιλόξεινοι, καί σφιν νόος ἐστὶ θεουδής. ὣς εἰπὼν ἀνὰ νηὸς ἔβην, ἐκέλευσα δʼ ἑταίρους αὐτούς τʼ ἀμβαίνειν ἀνά τε πρυμνήσια λῦσαι. οἱ δʼ αἶψʼ εἴσβαινον καὶ ἐπὶ κληῖσι καθῖζον, ἑξῆς δʼ ἑζόμενοι πολιὴν ἅλα τύπτον ἐρετμοῖς. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τὸν χῶρον ἀφικόμεθʼ ἐγγὺς ἐόντα, ἔνθα δʼ ἐπʼ ἐσχατιῇ σπέος εἴδομεν ἄγχι θαλάσσης, ὑψηλόν, δάφνῃσι κατηρεφές. ἔνθα δὲ πολλὰ μῆλʼ, ὄιές τε καὶ αἶγες, ἰαύεσκον· περὶ δʼ αὐλὴ ὑψηλὴ δέδμητο κατωρυχέεσσι λίθοισι μακρῇσίν τε πίτυσσιν ἰδὲ δρυσὶν ὑψικόμοισιν. ἔνθα δʼ ἀνὴρ ἐνίαυε πελώριος, ὅς ῥα τὰ μῆλα οἶος ποιμαίνεσκεν ἀπόπροθεν· οὐδὲ μετʼ ἄλλους πωλεῖτʼ, ἀλλʼ ἀπάνευθεν ἐὼν ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη. καὶ γὰρ θαῦμʼ ἐτέτυκτο πελώριον, οὐδὲ ἐῴκει ἀνδρί γε σιτοφάγῳ, ἀλλὰ ῥίῳ ὑλήεντι ὑψηλῶν ὀρέων, τε φαίνεται οἶον ἀπʼ ἄλλων. δὴ τότε τοὺς ἄλλους κελόμην ἐρίηρας ἑταίρους αὐτοῦ πὰρ νηί τε μένειν καὶ νῆα ἔρυσθαι, αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ κρίνας ἑτάρων δυοκαίδεκʼ ἀρίστους βῆν· ἀτὰρ αἴγεον ἀσκὸν ἔχον μέλανος οἴνοιο ἡδέος, ὅν μοι ἔδωκε Μάρων, Εὐάνθεος υἱός, ἱρεὺς Ἀπόλλωνος, ὃς Ἴσμαρον ἀμφιβεβήκει, οὕνεκά μιν σὺν παιδὶ περισχόμεθʼ ἠδὲ γυναικὶ ἁζόμενοι· ᾤκει γὰρ ἐν ἄλσεϊ δενδρήεντι Φοίβου Ἀπόλλωνος. δέ μοι πόρεν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα· χρυσοῦ μέν μοι ἔδωκʼ ἐυεργέος ἑπτὰ τάλαντα, δῶκε δέ μοι κρητῆρα πανάργυρον, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα οἶνον ἐν ἀμφιφορεῦσι δυώδεκα πᾶσιν ἀφύσσας ἡδὺν ἀκηράσιον, θεῖον ποτόν· οὐδέ τις αὐτὸν ἠείδη δμώων οὐδʼ ἀμφιπόλων ἐνὶ οἴκῳ, ἀλλʼ αὐτὸς ἄλοχός τε φίλη ταμίη τε μίʼ οἴη. τὸν δʼ ὅτε πίνοιεν μελιηδέα οἶνον ἐρυθρόν, ἓν δέπας ἐμπλήσας ὕδατος ἀνὰ εἴκοσι μέτρα χεῦʼ, ὀδμὴ δʼ ἡδεῖα ἀπὸ κρητῆρος ὀδώδει θεσπεσίη· τότʼ ἂν οὔ τοι ἀποσχέσθαι φίλον ἦεν. τοῦ φέρον ἐμπλήσας ἀσκὸν μέγαν, ἐν δὲ καὶ ᾖα κωρύκῳ· αὐτίκα γάρ μοι ὀίσατο θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ ἄνδρʼ ἐπελεύσεσθαι μεγάλην ἐπιειμένον ἀλκήν, ἄγριον, οὔτε δίκας ἐὺ εἰδότα οὔτε θέμιστας. καρπαλίμως δʼ εἰς ἄντρον ἀφικόμεθʼ, οὐδέ μιν ἔνδον εὕρομεν, ἀλλʼ ἐνόμευε νομὸν κάτα πίονα μῆλα. ἐλθόντες δʼ εἰς ἄντρον ἐθηεύμεσθα ἕκαστα. ταρσοὶ μὲν τυρῶν βρῖθον, στείνοντο δὲ σηκοὶ ἀρνῶν ἠδʼ ἐρίφων· διακεκριμέναι δὲ ἕκασται ἔρχατο, χωρὶς μὲν πρόγονοι, χωρὶς δὲ μέτασσαι, χωρὶς δʼ αὖθʼ ἕρσαι. ναῖον δʼ ὀρῷ ἄγγεα πάντα, γαυλοί τε σκαφίδες τε, τετυγμένα, τοῖς ἐνάμελγεν. ἔνθʼ ἐμὲ μὲν πρώτισθʼ ἕταροι λίσσοντʼ ἐπέεσσιν τυρῶν αἰνυμένους ἰέναι πάλιν, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα καρπαλίμως ἐπὶ νῆα θοὴν ἐρίφους τε καὶ ἄρνας σηκῶν ἐξελάσαντας ἐπιπλεῖν ἁλμυρὸν ὕδωρ· ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ οὐ πιθόμην, τʼ ἂν πολὺ κέρδιον ἦεν, ὄφρʼ αὐτόν τε ἴδοιμι, καὶ εἴ μοι ξείνια δοίη. οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλʼ ἑτάροισι φανεὶς ἐρατεινὸς ἔσεσθαι. ἔνθα δὲ πῦρ κήαντες ἐθύσαμεν ἠδὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ τυρῶν αἰνύμενοι φάγομεν, μένομέν τέ μιν ἔνδον ἥμενοι, ἧος ἐπῆλθε νέμων. φέρε δʼ ὄβριμον ἄχθος ὕλης ἀζαλέης, ἵνα οἱ ποτιδόρπιον εἴη, ἔντοσθεν δʼ ἄντροιο βαλὼν ὀρυμαγδὸν ἔθηκεν· ἡμεῖς δὲ δείσαντες ἀπεσσύμεθʼ ἐς μυχὸν ἄντρου. αὐτὰρ γʼ εἰς εὐρὺ σπέος ἤλασε πίονα μῆλα πάντα μάλʼ ὅσσʼ ἤμελγε, τὰ δʼ ἄρσενα λεῖπε θύρηφιν, ἀρνειούς τε τράγους τε, βαθείης ἔκτοθεν αὐλῆς. αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ ἐπέθηκε θυρεὸν μέγαν ὑψόσʼ ἀείρας, ὄβριμον· οὐκ ἂν τόν γε δύω καὶ εἴκοσʼ ἄμαξαι ἐσθλαὶ τετράκυκλοι ἀπʼ οὔδεος ὀχλίσσειαν· τόσσην ἠλίβατον πέτρην ἐπέθηκε θύρῃσιν. ἑζόμενος δʼ ἤμελγεν ὄις καὶ μηκάδας αἶγας, πάντα κατὰ μοῖραν, καὶ ὑπʼ ἔμβρυον ἧκεν ἑκάστῃ. αὐτίκα δʼ ἥμισυ μὲν θρέψας λευκοῖο γάλακτος πλεκτοῖς ἐν ταλάροισιν ἀμησάμενος κατέθηκεν, ἥμισυ δʼ αὖτʼ ἔστησεν ἐν ἄγγεσιν, ὄφρα οἱ εἴη πίνειν αἰνυμένῳ καί οἱ ποτιδόρπιον εἴη. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ σπεῦσε πονησάμενος τὰ ἔργα, καὶ τότε πῦρ ἀνέκαιε καὶ εἴσιδεν, εἴρετο δʼ ἡμέας· ξεῖνοι, τίνες ἐστέ; πόθεν πλεῖθʼ ὑγρὰ κέλευθα; τι κατὰ πρῆξιν μαψιδίως ἀλάλησθε, οἷά τε ληιστῆρες, ὑπεὶρ ἅλα, τοί τʼ ἀλόωνται ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι κακὸν ἀλλοδαποῖσι φέροντες; ὣς ἔφαθʼ, ἡμῖν δʼ αὖτε κατεκλάσθη φίλον ἦτορ, δεισάντων φθόγγον τε βαρὺν αὐτόν τε πέλωρον. ἀλλὰ καὶ ὥς μιν ἔπεσσιν ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπον· ἡμεῖς τοι Τροίηθεν ἀποπλαγχθέντες Ἀχαιοὶ παντοίοις ἀνέμοισιν ὑπὲρ μέγα λαῖτμα θαλάσσης, οἴκαδε ἱέμενοι, ἄλλην ὁδὸν ἄλλα κέλευθα ἤλθομεν· οὕτω που Ζεὺς ἤθελε μητίσασθαι. λαοὶ δʼ Ἀτρεΐδεω Ἀγαμέμνονος εὐχόμεθʼ εἶναι, τοῦ δὴ νῦν γε μέγιστον ὑπουράνιον κλέος ἐστί· τόσσην γὰρ διέπερσε πόλιν καὶ ἀπώλεσε λαοὺς πολλούς. ἡμεῖς δʼ αὖτε κιχανόμενοι τὰ σὰ γοῦνα ἱκόμεθʼ, εἴ τι πόροις ξεινήιον ἠὲ καὶ ἄλλως δοίης δωτίνην, τε ξείνων θέμις ἐστίν. ἀλλʼ αἰδεῖο, φέριστε, θεούς· ἱκέται δέ τοί εἰμεν, Ζεὺς δʼ ἐπιτιμήτωρ ἱκετάων τε ξείνων τε, ξείνιος, ὃς ξείνοισιν ἅμʼ αἰδοίοισιν ὀπηδεῖ. ὣς ἐφάμην, δέ μʼ αὐτίκʼ ἀμείβετο νηλέι θυμῷ· νήπιός εἰς, ξεῖνʼ, τηλόθεν εἰλήλουθας, ὅς με θεοὺς κέλεαι δειδίμεν ἀλέασθαι· οὐ γὰρ Κύκλωπες Διὸς αἰγιόχου ἀλέγουσιν οὐδὲ θεῶν μακάρων, ἐπεὶ πολὺ φέρτεροί εἰμεν· οὐδʼ ἂν ἐγὼ Διὸς ἔχθος ἀλευάμενος πεφιδοίμην οὔτε σεῦ οὔθʼ ἑτάρων, εἰ μὴ θυμός με κελεύοι. ἀλλά μοι εἴφʼ ὅπῃ ἔσχες ἰὼν ἐυεργέα νῆα, που ἐπʼ ἐσχατιῆς, καὶ σχεδόν, ὄφρα δαείω. ὣς φάτο πειράζων, ἐμὲ δʼ οὐ λάθεν εἰδότα πολλά, ἀλλά μιν ἄψορρον προσέφην δολίοις ἐπέεσσι· νέα μέν μοι κατέαξε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων πρὸς πέτρῃσι βαλὼν ὑμῆς ἐπὶ πείρασι γαίης, ἄκρῃ προσπελάσας· ἄνεμος δʼ ἐκ πόντου ἔνεικεν· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ σὺν τοῖσδε ὑπέκφυγον αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον. ὣς ἐφάμην, δέ μʼ οὐδὲν ἀμείβετο νηλέι θυμῷ, ἀλλʼ γʼ ἀναΐξας ἑτάροις ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἴαλλε, σὺν δὲ δύω μάρψας ὥς τε σκύλακας ποτὶ γαίῃ κόπτʼ· ἐκ δʼ ἐγκέφαλος χαμάδις ῥέε, δεῦε δὲ γαῖαν. τοὺς δὲ διὰ μελεϊστὶ ταμὼν ὡπλίσσατο δόρπον· ἤσθιε δʼ ὥς τε λέων ὀρεσίτροφος, οὐδʼ ἀπέλειπεν, ἔγκατά τε σάρκας τε καὶ ὀστέα μυελόεντα. ἡμεῖς δὲ κλαίοντες ἀνεσχέθομεν Διὶ χεῖρας, σχέτλια ἔργʼ ὁρόωντες, ἀμηχανίη δʼ ἔχε θυμόν. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Κύκλωψ μεγάλην ἐμπλήσατο νηδὺν ἀνδρόμεα κρέʼ ἔδων καὶ ἐπʼ ἄκρητον γάλα πίνων, κεῖτʼ ἔντοσθʼ ἄντροιο τανυσσάμενος διὰ μήλων. τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ βούλευσα κατὰ μεγαλήτορα θυμὸν ἆσσον ἰών, ξίφος ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος παρὰ μηροῦ, οὐτάμεναι πρὸς στῆθος, ὅθι φρένες ἧπαρ ἔχουσι, χείρʼ ἐπιμασσάμενος· ἕτερος δέ με θυμὸς ἔρυκεν. αὐτοῦ γάρ κε καὶ ἄμμες ἀπωλόμεθʼ αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον· οὐ γάρ κεν δυνάμεσθα θυράων ὑψηλάων χερσὶν ἀπώσασθαι λίθον ὄβριμον, ὃν προσέθηκεν. ὣς τότε μὲν στενάχοντες ἐμείναμεν Ἠῶ δῖαν. ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς, καὶ τότε πῦρ ἀνέκαιε καὶ ἤμελγε κλυτὰ μῆλα, πάντα κατὰ μοῖραν, καὶ ὑπʼ ἔμβρυον ἧκεν ἑκάστῃ. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ σπεῦσε πονησάμενος τὰ ἔργα, σὺν δʼ γε δὴ αὖτε δύω μάρψας ὡπλίσσατο δεῖπνον. δειπνήσας δʼ ἄντρου ἐξήλασε πίονα μῆλα, ῥηιδίως ἀφελὼν θυρεὸν μέγαν· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα ἂψ ἐπέθηχʼ, ὡς εἴ τε φαρέτρῃ πῶμʼ ἐπιθείη. πολλῇ δὲ ῥοίζῳ πρὸς ὄρος τρέπε πίονα μῆλα Κύκλωψ· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ λιπόμην κακὰ βυσσοδομεύων, εἴ πως τισαίμην, δοίη δέ μοι εὖχος Ἀθήνη. ἥδε δέ μοι κατὰ θυμὸν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλή. Κύκλωπος γὰρ ἔκειτο μέγα ῥόπαλον παρὰ σηκῷ, χλωρὸν ἐλαΐνεον· τὸ μὲν ἔκταμεν, ὄφρα φοροίη αὐανθέν. τὸ μὲν ἄμμες ἐίσκομεν εἰσορόωντες ὅσσον θʼ ἱστὸν νηὸς ἐεικοσόροιο μελαίνης, φορτίδος εὐρείης, τʼ ἐκπεράᾳ μέγα λαῖτμα· τόσσον ἔην μῆκος, τόσσον πάχος εἰσοράασθαι. τοῦ μὲν ὅσον τʼ ὄργυιαν ἐγὼν ἀπέκοψα παραστὰς καὶ παρέθηχʼ ἑτάροισιν, ἀποξῦναι δʼ ἐκέλευσα· οἱ δʼ ὁμαλὸν ποίησαν· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐθόωσα παραστὰς ἄκρον, ἄφαρ δὲ λαβὼν ἐπυράκτεον ἐν πυρὶ κηλέῳ. καὶ τὸ μὲν εὖ κατέθηκα κατακρύψας ὑπὸ κόπρῳ, ῥα κατὰ σπείους κέχυτο μεγάλʼ ἤλιθα πολλή· αὐτὰρ τοὺς ἄλλους κλήρῳ πεπαλάσθαι ἄνωγον, ὅς τις τολμήσειεν ἐμοὶ σὺν μοχλὸν ἀείρας
Lines 378–453
But if thou art fain still to listen, I would not begrudge to tell thee of other things more pitiful still than these, even the woes of my comrades, who perished afterward, who escaped from the dread battle-cry of the Trojans, but perished on their return through the will of an evil woman. “When then holy Persephone had scattered this way and that the spirits of the women, there came up the spirit of Agamemnon, son of Atreus, sorrowing; and round about him others were gathered, spirits of all those who were slain with him in the house of Aegisthus, and met their fate. He knew me straightway, when he had drunk the dark blood, and he wept aloud, and shed big tears, and stretched forth his hands toward me eager to reach me. But no longer had he aught of strength or might remaining such as of old was in his supple limbs. “When I saw him I wept, and my heart had compassion on him, and I spoke, and addressed him with winged words: ‘Most glorious son of Atreus, king of men, Agamemnon, what fate of grievous death overcame thee? Did Poseidon smite thee on board thy ships, when he had roused a furious blast of cruel winds? Or did foemen work thee harm on the land, while thou wast cutting off their cattle and fair flocks of sheep, or wast fighting to win their city and their women?’ ‘Son of Laertes, sprung from Zeus, Odysseus of many devices, neither did Poseidon smite me on board my ships, when he had roused a furious blast of cruel winds, nor did foemen work me harm on the land, but Aegisthus wrought for me death and fate, and slew me with the aid of my accursed wife, when he had bidden me to his house and made me a feast, even as one slays an ox at the stall. So I died by a most pitiful death, and round about me the rest of my comrades were slain unceasingly like white-tusked swine, which are slaughtered in the house of a rich man of great might at a marriage feast, or a joint meal, or a rich drinking-bout. Ere now thou hast been present at the slaying of many men, killed in single combat or in the press of the fight, but in heart thou wouldst have felt most pity hadst thou seen that sight, how about the mixing bowl and the laden tables we lay in the hall, and the floor all swam with blood. But the most piteous cry that I heard was that of the daughter of Priam, Cassandra, whom guileful Clytemnestra slew by my side.1 And I sought to raise my hands and smite down the murderess, dying though I was, pierced through with the sword. But she, the shameless one, turned her back upon me, and even though I was going to the house of Hades deigned neither to draw down my eyelids with her fingers nor to close my mouth. So true is it that there is nothing more dread or more shameless than a woman who puts into her heart such deeds, even as she too devised a monstrous thing, contriving death for her wedded husband. Verily I thought that I should come home welcome to my children and to my slaves; but she, with her heart set on utter wickedness, has shed shame on herself and on women yet to be, even upon her that doeth uprightly.’ “So he spoke, and I made answer and said: ‘Ah, verily has Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, visited wondrous hatred on the race of Atreus from the first because of the counsels of women. For Helen's sake many of us perished, and against thee Clytemnestra spread a snare whilst thou wast afar.’ “So I spoke, and he straightway made answer and said: ‘Wherefore in thine own case be thou never gentle even to thy wife. Declare not to her all the thoughts of thy heart, but tell her somewhat, and let somewhat also be hidden. Yet not upon thee, Odysseus, shall death come from thy wife, for very prudent and of an understanding heart is the daughter of Icarius, wise Penelope. Verily we left her a bride newly wed, when we went to the war, and a boy was at her breast, a babe, who now, I ween, sits in the ranks of men, happy in that his dear father will behold him when he comes, and he will greet his father as is meet. But my wife did not let me sate my eyes even with sight of my own son. Nay, ere that she slew even me, her husband. And another thing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart:
Ἀλκίνοε κρεῖον, πάντων ἀριδείκετε λαῶν, ὥρη μὲν πολέων μύθων, ὥρη δὲ καὶ ὕπνου· εἰ δʼ ἔτʼ ἀκουέμεναί γε λιλαίεαι, οὐκ ἂν ἐγώ γε τούτων σοι φθονέοιμι καὶ οἰκτρότερʼ ἄλλʼ ἀγορεύειν, κήδεʼ ἐμῶν ἑτάρων, οἳ δὴ μετόπισθεν ὄλοντο, οἳ Τρώων μὲν ὑπεξέφυγον στονόεσσαν ἀυτήν, ἐν νόστῳ δʼ ἀπόλοντο κακῆς ἰότητι γυναικός. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ ψυχὰς μὲν ἀπεσκέδασʼ ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ ἁγνὴ Περσεφόνεια γυναικῶν θηλυτεράων, ἦλθε δʼ ἐπὶ ψυχὴ Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο ἀχνυμένη· περὶ δʼ ἄλλαι ἀγηγέραθʼ, ὅσσοι ἅμʼ αὐτῷ οἴκῳ ἐν Αἰγίσθοιο θάνον καὶ πότμον ἐπέσπον. ἔγνω δʼ αἶψʼ ἔμʼ ἐκεῖνος, ἐπεὶ πίεν αἷμα κελαινόν· κλαῖε δʼ γε λιγέως, θαλερὸν κατὰ δάκρυον εἴβων, πιτνὰς εἰς ἐμὲ χεῖρας, ὀρέξασθαι μενεαίνων· ἀλλʼ οὐ γάρ οἱ ἔτʼ ἦν ἲς ἔμπεδος οὐδέ τι κῖκυς, οἵη περ πάρος ἔσκεν ἐνὶ γναμπτοῖσι μέλεσσι. τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ δάκρυσα ἰδὼν ἐλέησά τε θυμῷ, καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδων· Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε, ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον, τίς νύ σε κὴρ ἐδάμασσε τανηλεγέος θανάτοιο; ἦε σέ γʼ ἐν νήεσσι Ποσειδάων ἐδάμασσεν ὄρσας ἀργαλέων ἀνέμων ἀμέγαρτον ἀυτμήν; ἦέ σʼ ἀνάρσιοι ἄνδρες ἐδηλήσαντʼ ἐπὶ χέρσου βοῦς περιταμνόμενον ἠδʼ οἰῶν πώεα καλά, ἠὲ περὶ πτόλιος μαχεούμενον ἠδὲ γυναικῶν; ὣς ἐφάμην, δέ μʼ αὐτίκʼ ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπε· διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ, οὔτʼ ἐμέ γʼ ἐν νήεσσι Ποσειδάων ἐδάμασσεν ὄρσας ἀργαλέων ἀνέμων ἀμέγαρτον ἀυτμήν, οὔτε μʼ ἀνάρσιοι ἄνδρες ἐδηλήσαντʼ ἐπὶ χέρσου, ἀλλά μοι Αἴγισθος τεύξας θάνατόν τε μόρον τε ἔκτα σὺν οὐλομένῃ ἀλόχῳ, οἶκόνδε καλέσσας, δειπνίσσας, ὥς τίς τε κατέκτανε βοῦν ἐπὶ φάτνῃ. ὣς θάνον οἰκτίστῳ θανάτῳ· περὶ δʼ ἄλλοι ἑταῖροι νωλεμέως κτείνοντο σύες ὣς ἀργιόδοντες, οἵ ῥά τʼ ἐν ἀφνειοῦ ἀνδρὸς μέγα δυναμένοιο γάμῳ ἐράνῳ εἰλαπίνῃ τεθαλυίῃ. ἤδη μὲν πολέων φόνῳ ἀνδρῶν ἀντεβόλησας, μουνὰξ κτεινομένων καὶ ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ· ἀλλά κε κεῖνα μάλιστα ἰδὼν ὀλοφύραο θυμῷ, ὡς ἀμφὶ κρητῆρα τραπέζας τε πληθούσας κείμεθʼ ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ, δάπεδον δʼ ἅπαν αἵματι θῦεν. οἰκτροτάτην δʼ ἤκουσα ὄπα Πριάμοιο θυγατρός, Κασσάνδρης, τὴν κτεῖνε Κλυταιμνήστρη δολόμητις ἀμφʼ ἐμοί, αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ ποτὶ γαίῃ χεῖρας ἀείρων βάλλον ἀποθνήσκων περὶ φασγάνῳ· δὲ κυνῶπις νοσφίσατʼ, οὐδέ μοι ἔτλη ἰόντι περ εἰς Ἀίδαο χερσὶ κατʼ ὀφθαλμοὺς ἑλέειν σύν τε στόμʼ ἐρεῖσαι. ὣς οὐκ αἰνότερον καὶ κύντερον ἄλλο γυναικός, τις δὴ τοιαῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶν ἔργα βάληται· οἷον δὴ καὶ κείνη ἐμήσατο ἔργον ἀεικές, κουριδίῳ τεύξασα πόσει φόνον. τοι ἔφην γε ἀσπάσιος παίδεσσιν ἰδὲ δμώεσσιν ἐμοῖσιν οἴκαδʼ ἐλεύσεσθαι· δʼ ἔξοχα λυγρὰ ἰδυῖα οἷ τε κατʼ αἶσχος ἔχευε καὶ ἐσσομένῃσιν ὀπίσσω θηλυτέρῃσι γυναιξί, καὶ κʼ ἐυεργὸς ἔῃσιν. ὣς ἔφατʼ, αὐτὰρ ἐγώ μιν ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπον· πόποι, μάλα δὴ γόνον Ἀτρέος εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς ἐκπάγλως ἤχθηρε γυναικείας διὰ βουλὰς ἐξ ἀρχῆς· Ἑλένης μὲν ἀπωλόμεθʼ εἵνεκα πολλοί, σοὶ δὲ Κλυταιμνήστρη δόλον ἤρτυε τηλόθʼ ἐόντι. ὣς ἐφάμην, δέ μʼ αὐτίκʼ ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπε· τῷ νῦν μή ποτε καὶ σὺ γυναικί περ ἤπιος εἶναι· μή οἱ μῦθον ἅπαντα πιφαυσκέμεν, ὅν κʼ ἐὺ εἰδῇς, ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν φάσθαι, τὸ δὲ καὶ κεκρυμμένον εἶναι. ἀλλʼ οὐ σοί γʼ, Ὀδυσεῦ, φόνος ἔσσεται ἔκ γε γυναικός· λίην γὰρ πινυτή τε καὶ εὖ φρεσὶ μήδεα οἶδε κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρων Πηνελόπεια. μέν μιν νύμφην γε νέην κατελείπομεν ἡμεῖς ἐρχόμενοι πόλεμόνδε· πάϊς δέ οἱ ἦν ἐπὶ μαζῷ νήπιος, ὅς που νῦν γε μετʼ ἀνδρῶν ἵζει ἀριθμῷ, ὄλβιος· γὰρ τόν γε πατὴρ φίλος ὄψεται ἐλθών, καὶ κεῖνος πατέρα προσπτύξεται, θέμις ἐστίν. δʼ ἐμὴ οὐδέ περ υἷος ἐνιπλησθῆναι ἄκοιτις ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἔασε· πάρος δέ με πέφνε καὶ αὐτόν.
Lines 441–461
for very prudent and of an understanding heart is the daughter of Icarius, wise Penelope. Verily we left her a bride newly wed, when we went to the war, and a boy was at her breast, a babe, who now, I ween, sits in the ranks of men, happy in that his dear father will behold him when he comes, and he will greet his father as is meet. But my wife did not let me sate my eyes even with sight of my own son. Nay, ere that she slew even me, her husband. And another thing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart: in secret and not openly do thou bring thy ship to the shore of thy dear native land; for no longer is there faith in women. But, come, tell me this, and declare it truly, whether haply ye hear of my son as yet alive in Orchomenus it may be, or in sandy Pylos, or yet with Menelaus in wide Sparta; for not yet has goodly Orestes perished on the earth.’ “So he spoke, and I made answer and said: ‘Son of Atreus, wherefore dost thou question me of this? I know not at all whether he be alive or dead, and it is an ill thing to speak words vain as wind.’
τῷ νῦν μή ποτε καὶ σὺ γυναικί περ ἤπιος εἶναι· μή οἱ μῦθον ἅπαντα πιφαυσκέμεν, ὅν κʼ ἐὺ εἰδῇς, ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν φάσθαι, τὸ δὲ καὶ κεκρυμμένον εἶναι. ἀλλʼ οὐ σοί γʼ, Ὀδυσεῦ, φόνος ἔσσεται ἔκ γε γυναικός· λίην γὰρ πινυτή τε καὶ εὖ φρεσὶ μήδεα οἶδε κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρων Πηνελόπεια. μέν μιν νύμφην γε νέην κατελείπομεν ἡμεῖς ἐρχόμενοι πόλεμόνδε· πάϊς δέ οἱ ἦν ἐπὶ μαζῷ νήπιος, ὅς που νῦν γε μετʼ ἀνδρῶν ἵζει ἀριθμῷ, ὄλβιος· γὰρ τόν γε πατὴρ φίλος ὄψεται ἐλθών, καὶ κεῖνος πατέρα προσπτύξεται, θέμις ἐστίν. δʼ ἐμὴ οὐδέ περ υἷος ἐνιπλησθῆναι ἄκοιτις ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἔασε· πάρος δέ με πέφνε καὶ αὐτόν. ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν· κρύβδην, μηδʼ ἀναφανδά, φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν νῆα κατισχέμεναι· ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι πιστὰ γυναιξίν. ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον, εἴ που ἔτι ζώοντος ἀκούετε παιδὸς ἐμοῖο, που ἐν Ὀρχομενῷ ἐν Πύλῳ ἠμαθόεντι, που πὰρ Μενελάῳ ἐνὶ Σπάρτῃ εὐρείῃ· οὐ γάρ πω τέθνηκεν ἐπὶ χθονὶ δῖος Ὀρέστης.
Lines 312–328
so long as we sons of the Achaeans were warring in the land of Troy. But after we had sacked the lofty city of Priam, and had gone away in our ships, and a god had scattered the Achaeans, never since then have I seen thee, daughter of Zeus, nor marked thee coming on board my ship, that thou mightest ward off sorrow from me. Nay, I ever wandered on, bearing in my breast a stricken heart, till the gods delivered me from evil, even until in the rich land of the Phaeacians thou didst cheer me with thy words, and thyself lead me to their city. But now I beseech thee by thy father—for I think not that I am come to clear-seen Ithaca; nay, it is some other land over which I roam, and thou, methinks, dost speak thus in mockery to beguile my mind—tell me whether in very truth I am come to my dear native land.”
ἀργαλέον σε, θεά, γνῶναι βροτῷ ἀντιάσαντι, καὶ μάλʼ ἐπισταμένῳ· σὲ γὰρ αὐτὴν παντὶ ἐΐσκεις. τοῦτο δʼ ἐγὼν εὖ οἶδʼ, ὅτι μοι πάρος ἠπίη ἦσθα, ἧος ἐνὶ Τροίῃ πολεμίζομεν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Πριάμοιο πόλιν διεπέρσαμεν αἰπήν, βῆμεν δʼ ἐν νήεσσι, θεὸς δʼ ἐκέδασσεν Ἀχαιούς, οὔ σέ γʼ ἔπειτα ἴδον, κούρη Διός, οὐδʼ ἐνόησα νηὸς ἐμῆς ἐπιβᾶσαν, ὅπως τί μοι ἄλγος ἀλάλκοις. ἀλλʼ αἰεὶ φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἔχων δεδαϊγμένον ἦτορ ἠλώμην, ἧός με θεοὶ κακότητος ἔλυσαν· πρίν γʼ ὅτε Φαιήκων ἀνδρῶν ἐν πίονι δήμῳ θάρσυνάς τε ἔπεσσι καὶ ἐς πόλιν ἤγαγες αὐτή. νῦν δέ σε πρὸς πατρὸς γουνάζομαι—οὐ γὰρ ὀΐω ἥκειν εἰς Ἰθάκην εὐδείελον, ἀλλά τινʼ ἄλλην γαῖαν ἀναστρέφομαι· σὲ δὲ κερτομέουσαν ὀΐω ταῦτʼ ἀγορευέμεναι, ἵνʼ ἐμὰς φρένας ἠπεροπεύσῃς— εἰπέ μοι εἰ ἐτεόν γε φίλην ἐς πατρίδʼ ἱκάνω.
Lines 80–108
“Eat now, stranger, such food as slaves have to offer, meat of young pigs; the fatted hogs the wooers eat, who reck not in their hearts of the wrath of the gods, nor have any pity. Verily the blessed gods love not reckless deeds, but they honor justice and the righteous deeds of men. Even cruel foemen that set foot on the land of others, and Zeus gives them booty, and they fill their ships and depart for home—even on the hearts of these falls great fear of the wrath of the gods. But these men here, look you, know somewhat, and have heard some voice of a god regarding my master's pitiful death, seeing that they will not woo righteously, nor go back to their own, but at their ease they waste our substance in insolent wise, and there is no sparing. For every day and night that comes from Zeus they sacrifice not one victim nor two alone, and they draw forth wine, and waste it in insolent wise. Verily his substance was great past telling, so much has no lord either on the dark mainland or in Ithaca itself; nay, not twenty men together have wealth so great. Lo, I will tell thee the tale thereof; twelve herds of kine has he on the mainland; as many flocks of sheep; as many droves of swine; as many packed herds of goats do herdsmen, both foreigners and of his own people, pasture. And here too graze roving herds of goats on the borders of the island, eleven in all, and over them trusty men keep watch. And each man of these ever drives up day by day one of his flock for the wooers, even that one of the fatted goats which seems to him the best. But as for me, I guard and keep these swine, and choose out with care and send them the best of the boars.”
ἔσθιε νῦν, ξεῖνε, τά τε δμώεσσι πάρεστι, χοίρεʼ· ἀτὰρ σιάλους γε σύας μνηστῆρες ἔδουσιν, οὐκ ὄπιδα φρονέοντες ἐνὶ φρεσὶν οὐδʼ ἐλεητύν. οὐ μὲν σχέτλια ἔργα θεοὶ μάκαρες φιλέουσιν, ἀλλὰ δίκην τίουσι καὶ αἴσιμα ἔργʼ ἀνθρώπων. καὶ μὲν δυσμενέες καὶ ἀνάρσιοι, οἵ τʼ ἐπὶ γαίης ἀλλοτρίης βῶσιν καί σφι Ζεὺς ληΐδα δώῃ, πλησάμενοι δέ τε νῆας ἔβαν οἶκόνδε νέεσθαι, καὶ μὲν τοῖς ὄπιδος κρατερὸν δέος ἐν φρεσὶ πίπτει. οἵδε δὲ καί τι ἴσασι, θεοῦ δέ τινʼ ἔκλυον αὐδήν, κείνου λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον, ὅτʼ οὐκ ἐθέλουσι δικαίως μνᾶσθαι οὐδὲ νέεσθαι ἐπὶ σφέτερʼ, ἀλλὰ ἕκηλοι κτήματα δαρδάπτουσιν ὑπέρβιον, οὐδʼ ἔπι φειδώ. ὅσσαι γὰρ νύκτες τε καὶ ἡμέραι ἐκ Διός εἰσιν, οὔ ποθʼ ἓν ἱρεύουσʼ ἱερήϊον, οὐδὲ δύʼ οἴω· οἶνον δὲ φθινύθουσιν ὑπέρβιον ἐξαφύοντες. γάρ οἱ ζωή γʼ ἦν ἄσπετος· οὔ τινι τόσση ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων, οὔτʼ ἠπείροιο μελαίνης οὔτʼ αὐτῆς Ἰθάκης· οὐδὲ ξυνεείκοσι φωτῶν ἔστʼ ἄφενος τοσσοῦτον· ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω. δώδεκʼ ἐν ἠπείρῳ ἀγέλαι· τόσα πώεα οἰῶν, τόσσα συῶν συβόσια, τόσʼ αἰπόλια πλατέʼ αἰγῶν βόσκουσι ξεῖνοί τε καὶ αὐτοῦ βώτορες ἄνδρες. ἐνθάδε δʼ αἰπόλια πλατέʼ αἰγῶν ἕνδεκα πάντα ἐσχατιῇ βόσκοντʼ, ἐπὶ δʼ ἀνέρες ἐσθλοὶ ὄρονται. τῶν αἰεί σφιν ἕκαστος ἐπʼ ἤματι μῆλον ἀγινεῖ, ζατρεφέων αἰγῶν ὅς τις φαίνηται ἄριστος. αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ σῦς τάσδε φυλάσσω τε ῥύομαί τε, καί σφι συῶν τὸν ἄριστον ἐῢ κρίνας ἀποπέμπω.
Lines 390–484
“Stranger, since thou dost ask and question me of this, hearken now in silence, and take thy joy, and drink thy wine, as thou sittest here. These nights are wondrous long. There is time for sleep, and there is time to take joy in hearing tales; thou needest not lay thee down till it be time; there is weariness even in too much sleep. As for the rest, if any man's heart and spirit bid him, let him go forth and sleep, and at daybreak let him eat, and follow our master's swine. But we two will drink and feast in the hut, and will take delight each in the other's grievous woes, as we recall them to mind. For in after time a man finds joy even in woes, whosoever has suffered much, and wandered much. But this will I tell thee, of which thou dost ask and enquire. “There is an isle called Syria, if haply thou hast heard thereof, above Ortygia, where are the turning-places of the sun. It is not so very thickly settled, but it is a good land, rich in herds, rich in flocks, full of wine, abounding in wheat. Famine never comes into the land, nor does any hateful sickness besides fall on wretched mortals; but when the tribes of men grow old throughout the city, Apollo, of the silver bow, comes with Artemis, and assails them with his gentle shafts, and slays them. In that isle are two cities, and all the land is divided between them, and over both ruled as king my father, Ctesius, son of Ormenus, a man like to the immortals. “Thither came Phoenicians, men famed for their ships, greedy knaves, bringing countless trinkets in their black ship. Now there was in my father's house a Phoenician woman, comely and tall, and skilled in glorious handiwork. Her the wily Phoenicians beguiled. First, as she was washing clothes, one of them lay with her in love by the hollow ship; for this beguiles the minds of women, even though one be upright. Then he asked her who she was, and whence she came, and she straightway shewed him the high-roofed home of my father, and said: “‘Out of Sidon, rich in bronze, I declare that I come, and I am the daughter of Arybas, to whom wealth flowed in streams. But Taphian pirates seized me, as I was coming from the fields, and brought me hither, and sold me to the house of yonder man, and he paid for me a goodly price.’ “Then the man who had lain with her in secret answered her: ‘Wouldest thou then return again with us to thy home, that thou mayest see the high-roofed house of thy father and mother, and see them too? For of a truth they yet live, and are accounted rich.’ “Then the woman answered him, and said: ‘This may well be, if you sailors will pledge yourselves by an oath, that you will bring me safely home.’ “So she spoke, and they all gave an oath thereto, as she bade them. But when they had sworn and made an end of the oath, the woman again spoke among them, and made answer: “‘Be silent now, and let no one of your company speak to me, if he meets me in the street or haply at the well, lest some one go to the palace and tell the old king, and he wax suspicious and bind me with grievous bonds, and devise death for you. Nay, keep my words in mind, and speed the barter of your wares. But, when your ship is laden with goods, let a message come quickly to me at the palace; for I will also bring whatever gold comes under my hand. Aye, and I would gladly give another thing for my passage. There is a child of my noble1 master, whose nurse I am in the palace, such a cunning child, who ever runs abroad with me. Him would I bring on board, and he would fetch you a vast price, wherever you might take him for sale among men of strange speech.’ And they remained there in our land a full year, and got by trade much substance in their hollow ship. But when their hollow ship was laden for their return, then they sent a messenger to bear tidings to the woman. There came a man, well versed in guile, to my father's house with a necklace of gold, and with amber beads was it strung between. This the maidens in the hall and my honored mother were handling, and were gazing on it, and were offering him their price; but he nodded to the woman in silence. Then verily when he had nodded to her, he went his way to the hollow ship, but she took me by the hand, and led me forth from the house. Now in the fore-hall of the palace she found the cups and tables of the banqueters, who waited upon my father. They had gone forth to the council and the people's place of debate, but she quickly hid three goblets in her bosom, and bore them away; and I followed in my heedlessness. Then the sun set, and all the ways grew dark. And we made haste and came to the goodly harbor, where was the swift ship of the Phoenicians. Then they embarked, putting both of us on board as well, and sailed over the watery ways, and Zeus sent them a favorable wind. For six days we sailed, night and day alike; but when Zeus, son of Cronos, brought upon us the seventh day, then Artemis, the archer, smote the woman, and she fell with a thud into the hold, as a sea bird plunges. Her they cast forth to be a prey to seals and fishes, but I was left, my heart sore stricken. Now the wind, as it bore them, and the wave, brought them to Ithaca, where Laertes bought me with his wealth. Thus it was that my eyes beheld this land.”
ξεῖνʼ, ἐπεὶ ἂρ δὴ ταῦτά μʼ ἀνείρεαι ἠδὲ μεταλλᾷς, σιγῇ νῦν ξυνίει καὶ τέρπεο, πῖνέ τε οἶνον ἥμενος. αἵδε δὲ νύκτες ἀθέσφατοι· ἔστι μὲν εὕδειν, ἔστι δὲ τερπομένοισιν ἀκούειν· οὐδέ τί σε χρή, πρὶν ὥρη, καταλέχθαι· ἀνίη καὶ πολὺς ὕπνος. τῶν δʼ ἄλλων ὅτινα κραδίη καὶ θυμὸς ἀνώγει, εὑδέτω ἐξελθών· ἅμα δʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφι δειπνήσας ἅμʼ ὕεσσιν ἀνακτορίῃσιν ἑπέσθω. νῶϊ δʼ ἐνὶ κλισίῃ πίνοντέ τε δαινυμένω τε κήδεσιν ἀλλήλων τερπώμεθα λευγαλέοισι, μνωομένω· μετὰ γάρ τε καὶ ἄλγεσι τέρπεται ἀνήρ, ὅς τις δὴ μάλα πολλὰ πάθῃ καὶ πόλλʼ ἐπαληθῇ. τοῦτο δέ τοι ἐρέω μʼ ἀνείρεαι ἠδὲ μεταλλᾷς. νῆσός τις Συρίη κικλήσκεται, εἴ που ἀκούεις, Ὀρτυγίης καθύπερθεν, ὅθι τροπαὶ ἠελίοιο, οὔ τι περιπληθὴς λίην τόσον, ἀλλʼ ἀγαθὴ μέν, εὔβοτος, εὔμηλος, οἰνοπληθής, πολύπυρος. πείνη δʼ οὔ ποτε δῆμον ἐσέρχεται, οὐδέ τις ἄλλη νοῦσος ἐπὶ στυγερὴ πέλεται δειλοῖσι βροτοῖσιν· ἀλλʼ ὅτε γηράσκωσι πόλιν κάτα φῦλʼ ἀνθρώπων, ἐλθὼν ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων Ἀρτέμιδι ξὺν οἷς ἀγανοῖς βελέεσσιν ἐποιχόμενος κατέπεφνεν. ἔνθα δύω πόλιες, δίχα δέ σφισι πάντα δέδασται· τῇσιν δʼ ἀμφοτέρῃσι πατὴρ ἐμὸς ἐμβασίλευε, Κτήσιος Ὀρμενίδης, ἐπιείκελος ἀθανάτοισιν. ἔνθα δὲ Φοίνικες ναυσίκλυτοι ἤλυθον ἄνδρες, τρῶκται, μυρίʼ ἄγοντες ἀθύρματα νηῒ μελαίνῃ. ἔσκε δὲ πατρὸς ἐμοῖο γυνὴ Φοίνισσʼ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ, καλή τε μεγάλη τε καὶ ἀγλαὰ ἔργα ἰδυῖα· τὴν δʼ ἄρα Φοίνικες πολυπαίπαλοι ἠπερόπευον. πλυνούσῃ τις πρῶτα μίγη κοίλῃ παρὰ νηῒ εὐνῇ καὶ φιλότητι, τά τε φρένας ἠπεροπεύει θηλυτέρῃσι γυναιξί, καὶ κʼ εὐεργὸς ἔῃσιν. εἰρώτα δὴ ἔπειτα τίς εἴη καὶ πόθεν ἔλθοι· δὲ μάλʼ αὐτίκα πατρὸς ἐπέφραδεν ὑψερεφὲς δῶ· ἐκ μὲν Σιδῶνος πολυχάλκου εὔχομαι εἶναι, κούρη δʼ εἴμʼ Ἀρύβαντος ἐγὼ ῥυδὸν ἀφνειοῖο· ἀλλά μʼ ἀνήρπαξαν Τάφιοι ληΐστορες ἄνδρες ἀγρόθεν ἐρχομένην, πέρασαν δέ τε δεῦρʼ ἀγαγόντες τοῦδʼ ἀνδρὸς πρὸς δώμαθʼ· δʼ ἄξιον ὦνον ἔδωκε. τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἀνήρ, ὃς ἐμίσγετο λάθρη· ῥά κε νῦν πάλιν αὖτις ἅμʼ ἡμῖν οἴκαδʼ ἕποιο, ὄφρα ἴδῃ πατρὸς καὶ μητέρος ὑψερεφὲς δῶ αὐτούς τʼ; γὰρ ἔτʼ εἰσὶ καὶ ἀφνειοὶ καλέονται. τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε γυνὴ καὶ ἀμείβετο μύθῳ· εἴη κεν καὶ τοῦτʼ, εἴ μοι ἐθέλοιτέ γε, ναῦται, ὅρκῳ πιστωθῆναι ἀπήμονά μʼ οἴκαδʼ ἀπάξειν. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπώμνυον ὡς ἐκέλευεν. αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ὄμοσάν τε τελεύτησάν τε τὸν ὅρκον, τοῖς δʼ αὖτις μετέειπε γυνὴ καὶ ἀμείβετο μύθῳ· σιγῇ νῦν, μή τίς με προσαυδάτω ἐπέεσσιν ὑμετέρων ἑτάρων, ξυμβλήμενος ἐν ἀγυιῇ, που ἐπὶ κρήνῃ· μή τις ποτὶ δῶμα γέροντι ἐλθὼν ἐξείπῃ, δʼ ὀϊσάμενος καταδήσῃ δεσμῷ ἐν ἀργαλέῳ, ὑμῖν δʼ ἐπιφράσσετʼ ὄλεθρον. ἀλλʼ ἔχετʼ ἐν φρεσὶ μῦθον, ἐπείγετε δʼ ὦνον ὁδαίων. ἀλλʼ ὅτε κεν δὴ νηῦς πλείη βιότοιο γένηται, ἀγγελίη μοι ἔπειτα θοῶς ἐς δώμαθʼ ἱκέσθω· οἴσω γὰρ καὶ χρυσόν, ὅτις χʼ ὑποχείριος ἔλθῃ· καὶ δέ κεν ἄλλʼ ἐπίβαθρον ἐγὼν ἐθέλουσά γε δοίην. παῖδα γὰρ ἀνδρὸς ἑῆος ἐνὶ μεγάροις ἀτιτάλλω, κερδαλέον δὴ τοῖον, ἅμα τροχόωντα θύραζε· τόν κεν ἄγοιμʼ ἐπὶ νηός, δʼ ὑμῖν μυρίον ὦνον ἄλφοι, ὅπῃ περάσητε κατʼ ἀλλοθρόους ἀνθρώπους. μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη πρὸς δώματα καλά, οἱ δʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἅπαντα παρʼ ἡμῖν αὖθι μένοντες ἐν νηῒ γλαφυρῇ βίοτον πολὺν ἐμπολόωντο. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ κοίλη νηῦς ἤχθετο τοῖσι νέεσθαι, καὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ ἄγγελον ἧκαν, ὃς ἀγγείλειε γυναικί. ἤλυθʼ ἀνὴρ πολύϊδρις ἐμοῦ πρὸς δώματα πατρὸς χρύσεον ὅρμον ἔχων, μετὰ δʼ ἠλέκτροισιν ἔερτο. τὸν μὲν ἄρʼ ἐν μεγάρῳ δμῳαὶ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ χερσίν τʼ ἀμφαφόωντο καὶ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρῶντο, ὦνον ὑπισχόμεναι· δὲ τῇ κατένευσε σιωπῇ. τοι καννεύσας κοίλην ἐπὶ νῆα βεβήκει, δʼ ἐμὲ χειρὸς ἑλοῦσα δόμων ἐξῆγε θύραζε. εὗρε δʼ ἐνὶ προδόμῳ ἠμὲν δέπα ἠδὲ τραπέζας ἀνδρῶν δαιτυμόνων, οἵ μευ πατέρʼ ἀμφεπένοντο. οἱ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐς θῶκον πρόμολον, δήμοιό τε φῆμιν, δʼ αἶψα τρίʼ ἄλεισα κατακρύψασʼ ὑπὸ κόλπῳ ἔκφερεν· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἑπόμην ἀεσιφροσύνῃσι. δύσετό τʼ ἠέλιος, σκιόωντό τε πᾶσαι ἀγυιαί· ἡμεῖς δʼ ἐς λιμένα κλυτὸν ἤλθομεν ὦκα κιόντες, ἔνθʼ ἄρα Φοινίκων ἀνδρῶν ἦν ὠκύαλος νηῦς. οἱ μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἀναβάντες ἐπέπλεον ὑγρὰ κέλευθα, νὼ ἀναβησάμενοι· ἐπὶ δὲ Ζεὺς οὖρον ἴαλλεν. ἑξῆμαρ μὲν ὁμῶς πλέομεν νύκτας τε καὶ ἦμαρ· ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ ἕβδομον ἦμαρ ἐπὶ Ζεὺς θῆκε Κρονίων, τὴν μὲν ἔπειτα γυναῖκα βάλʼ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα, ἄντλῳ δʼ ἐνδούπησε πεσοῦσʼ ὡς εἰναλίη κήξ. καὶ τὴν μὲν φώκῃσι καὶ ἰχθύσι κύρμα γενέσθαι ἔκβαλον· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ λιπόμην ἀκαχήμενος ἦτορ· τοὺς δʼ Ἰθάκῃ ἐπέλασσε φέρων ἄνεμός τε καὶ ὕδωρ, ἔνθα με Λαέρτης πρίατο κτεάτεσσιν ἑοῖσιν. οὕτω τήνδε τε γαῖαν ἐγὼν ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσι.
Lines 327–336
unabashed in the company of many lords, and hast no fear at heart. Surely wine has mastered thy wits, or else thy mind is ever thus, that thou dost babble idly. Art thou beside thyself because thou hast beaten that vagrant Irus? Beware, lest presently another better than Irus shall rise up against thee to beat thee about the head with heavy hands, and befoul thee with streams of blood, and send thee forth from the house.”
ξεῖνε τάλαν, σύ γέ τις φρένας ἐκπεπαταγμένος ἐσσί, οὐδʼ ἐθέλεις εὕδειν χαλκήϊον ἐς δόμον ἐλθών, ἠέ που ἐς λέσχην, ἀλλʼ ἐνθάδε πόλλʼ ἀγορεύεις, θαρσαλέως πολλοῖσι μετʼ ἀνδράσιν, οὐδέ τι θυμῷ ταρβεῖς· ῥά σε οἶνος ἔχει φρένας, νύ τοι αἰεὶ τοιοῦτος νόος ἐστίν· καὶ μεταμώνια βάζεις. ἀλύεις, ὅτι Ἶρον ἐνίκησας τὸν ἀλήτην; μή τίς τοι τάχα Ἴρου ἀμείνων ἄλλος ἀναστῇ, ὅς τίς σʼ ἀμφὶ κάρη κεκοπὼς χερσὶ στιβαρῇσι δώματος ἐκπέμψῃσι, φορύξας αἵματι πολλῷ.
Lines 221–248
A fleecy cloak of purple did goodly Odysseus wear, a cloak of double fold, but the brooch upon it was fashioned of gold with double clasps, and on the front it was curiously wrought: a hound held in his fore paws a dappled fawn, and pinned it1 in his jaws as it writhed. And at this all men marvelled, how, though they were of gold, the hound was pinning the fawn and strangling it, and the fawn was writhing with its feet and striving to flee. And I noted the tunic about his body, all shining as is the sheen upon the skin of a dried onion, so soft it was; and it glistened like the sun. Verily many women gazed at him in wonder. And another thing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart. I know not whether Odysseus was thus clothed at home, or whether one of his comrades gave him the raiment when he went on board the swift ship, or haply even some stranger, since to many men was Odysseus dear, for few of the Achaeans were his peers. attended him, a little older than he, and I will tell thee of him too, what manner of man he was. He was round-shouldered, dark of skin, and curly-haired, and his name was Eurybates; and Odysseus honored him above his other comrades, because he was like-minded with himself.” So he spoke, and in her heart aroused yet more the desire of weeping,
γύναι, ἀργαλέον τόσσον χρόνον ἀμφὶς ἐόντα εἰπέμεν· ἤδη γάρ οἱ ἐεικοστὸν ἔτος ἐστὶν ἐξ οὗ κεῖθεν ἔβη καὶ ἐμῆς ἀπελήλυθε πάτρης· αὐτάρ τοι ἐρέω ὥς μοι ἰνδάλλεται ἦτορ. χλαῖναν πορφυρέην οὔλην ἔχε δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς, διπλῆν· αὐτάρ οἱ περόνη χρυσοῖο τέτυκτο αὐλοῖσιν διδύμοισι· πάροιθε δὲ δαίδαλον ἦεν· ἐν προτέροισι πόδεσσι κύων ἔχε ποικίλον ἐλλόν, ἀσπαίροντα λάων· τὸ δὲ θαυμάζεσκον ἅπαντες, ὡς οἱ χρύσεοι ἐόντες μὲν λάε νεβρὸν ἀπάγχων, αὐτὰρ ἐκφυγέειν μεμαὼς ἤσπαιρε πόδεσσι. τὸν δὲ χιτῶνʼ ἐνόησα περὶ χροῒ σιγαλόεντα, οἷόν τε κρομύοιο λοπὸν κάτα ἰσχαλέοιο· τὼς μὲν ἔην μαλακός, λαμπρὸς δʼ ἦν ἠέλιος ὥς· μὲν πολλαί γʼ αὐτὸν ἐθηήσαντο γυναῖκες. ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν· οὐκ οἶδʼ τάδε ἕστο περὶ χροῒ οἴκοθʼ Ὀδυσσεύς, τις ἑταίρων δῶκε θοῆς ἐπὶ νηὸς ἰόντι, τίς που καὶ ξεῖνος, ἐπεὶ πολλοῖσιν Ὀδυσσεὺς ἔσκε φίλος· παῦροι γὰρ Ἀχαιῶν ἦσαν ὁμοῖοι. καί οἱ ἐγὼ χάλκειον ἄορ καὶ δίπλακα δῶκα καλὴν πορφυρέην καὶ τερμιόεντα χιτῶνα, αἰδοίως δʼ ἀπέπεμπον ἐϋσσέλμου ἐπὶ νηός. καὶ μέν οἱ κῆρυξ ὀλίγον προγενέστερος αὐτοῦ εἵπετο· καὶ τόν τοι μυθήσομαι, οἷος ἔην περ. γυρὸς ἐν ὤμοισιν, μελανόχροος, οὐλοκάρηνος, Εὐρυβάτης δʼ ὄνομʼ ἔσκε· τίεν δέ μιν ἔξοχον ἄλλων ὧν ἑτάρων Ὀδυσεύς, ὅτι οἱ φρεσὶν ἄρτια ᾔδη.
Lines 37–43
all alone as I am, while they remain always in a body in the house. And furthermore this other and harder thing I ponder in my mind: even if I were to slay them by the will of Zeus and of thyself, where then should I find escape from bane? Of this I bid thee take thought.”
ναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα, θεά, κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες· ἀλλά τί μοι τόδε θυμὸς ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μερμηρίζει, ὅππως δὴ μνηστῆρσιν ἀναιδέσι χεῖρας ἐφήσω, μοῦνος ἐών· οἱ δʼ αἰὲν ἀολλέες ἔνδον ἔασι. πρὸς δʼ ἔτι καὶ τόδε μεῖζον ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μερμηρίζω· εἴ περ γὰρ κτείναιμι Διός τε σέθεν τε ἕκητι, πῆ κεν ὑπεκπροφύγοιμι; τά σε φράζεσθαι ἄνωγα.
Lines 145–156
ἔμπαλιν ὄσσοισιν πυρὶ λαμπομένοισι δεδορκώς· τοῦ καὶ ὀδόντων μὲν πλῆτο στόμα λευκὰ θεόντων, δεινῶν ἀπλήτων, ἐπὶ δὲ βλοσυροῖο μετώπου δεινὴ Ἔρις πεπότητο κορύσσουσα κλόνον ἀνδρῶν, σχετλίη, ῥα νόον τε καὶ ἐκ φρένας εἵλετο φωτῶν. οἵτινες ἀντιβίην πόλεμον Διὸς υἷι φέροιεν. τῶν καὶ ψυχαὶ μὲν χθόνα δύμεναι Ἄιδος εἴσω κάκκιον, ὀστέα δέ σφι περὶ ῥινοῖο σαπείσης Σειρίου ἀζαλέοιο μελαίνῃ πύθεται αἴῃ. ἐν δὲ Προΐωξίς τε Παλίωξίς τε τέτυκτο, ἐν δʼ Ὅμαδός τε Φόβος τʼ Ἀνδροκτασίη τε δεδήει, ἐν δʼ Ἔρις, ἐν δὲ Κυδοιμὸς ἐθύνεον, ἐν δʼ ὀλοὴ Κὴρ
Lines 253–264
κείμενον πίπτοντα νεούτατον, ἀμφὶ μὲν αὐτῷ βάλλʼ ὄνυχας μεγάλους, ψυχὴ δʼ Ἄιδόσδε κατῇεν Τάρταρον ἐς κρυόενθʼ. αἳ δὲ φρένας εὖτʼ ἀρέσαντο αἵματος ἀνδρομέου, τὸν μὲν ῥίπτασκον ὀπίσσω, ἂψ δʼ ὅμαδον καὶ μῶλον ἐθύνεον αὖτις ἰοῦσαι. Κλωθὼ καὶ Λάχεσίς σφιν ἐφέστασαν· μὲν ὑφήσσων Ἄτροπος οὔ τι πέλεν μεγάλη θεός, ἀλλʼ ἄρα γε τῶν γε μὲν ἀλλάων προφερής τʼ ἦν πρεσβυτάτη τε. πᾶσαι δʼ ἀμφʼ ἑνὶ φωτὶ μάχην δριμεῖαν ἔθεντο. δεινὰ δʼ ἐς ἀλλήλας δράκον ὄμμασι θυμήνασαι, ἐν δʼ ὄνυχας χεῖράς τε θρασείας ἰσώσαντο. πὰρ δʼ Ἀχλὺς εἱστήκει ἐπισμυγερή τε καὶ αἰνή,
Lines 434–445
ἀντίος ἔστη Ἄρηος, ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θάρσος ἀέξων, ἐσσυμένως· δέ οἱ σχεδὸν ἤλυθεν ἀχνύμενος κῆρ· ἀμφότεροι δʼ ἰάχοντες ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ὄρουσαν. ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀπὸ μεγάλου πέτρη πρηῶνος ὀρούσῃ, μακρὰ δʼ ἐπιθρῴσκουσα κυλίνδεται, δέ τε ἠχῇ ἔρχεται ἐμμεμαυῖα, πάγος δέ οἱ ἀντεβόλησεν ὑψηλός· τῷ δὴ συνενείκεται, ἔνθα μιν ἴσχει· τόσσῃ μὲν ἰαχῇ βρισάρματος οὔλιος Ἄρης κεκληγὼς ἐπόρουσεν· δʼ ἐμμαπέως ὑπέδεκτο. αὐτὰρ Ἀθηναίη, κούρη Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο, ἀντίη ἦλθεν Ἄρηος ἐρεμνὴν αἰγίδʼ ἔχουσα· δεινὰ δʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδοῦσα ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·
Lines 169–180
ἂψ αὖτις μύθοισι προσηύδα μητέρα κεδνήν· μῆτερ, ἐγώ κεν τοῦτό γʼ ὑποσχόμενος τελέσαιμι ἔργον, ἐπεὶ πατρός γε δυσωνύμου οὐκ ἀλεγίζω ἡμετέρου· πρότερος γὰρ ἀεικέα μήσατο ἔργα. ὣς φάτο· γήθησεν δὲ μέγα φρεσὶ Γαῖα πελώρη· εἷσε δέ μιν κρύψασα λόχῳ· ἐνέθηκε δὲ χερσὶν ἅρπην καρχαρόδοντα· δόλον δʼ ὑπεθήκατο πάντα. ἦλθε δὲ νύκτʼ ἐπάγων μέγας Οὐρανός, ἀμφὶ δὲ Γαίῃ ἱμείρων φιλότητος ἐπέσχετο καί ῥʼ ἐτανύσθη πάντη· δʼ ἐκ λοχέοιο πάις ὠρέξατο χειρὶ σκαιῇ, δεξιτερῇ δὲ πελώριον ἔλλαβεν ἅρπην μακρὴν καρχαρόδοντα, φίλου δʼ ἀπὸ μήδεα πατρὸς
Lines 229–240
Νείκεά τε ψευδέας τε Λόγους Ἀμφιλλογίας τε Δυσνομίην τʼ Ἄτην τε, συνήθεας ἀλλήλῃσιν, Ὅρκον θʼ, ὃς δὴ πλεῖστον ἐπιχθονίους ἀνθρώπους πημαίνει, ὅτε κέν τις ἑκὼν ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσῃ. Νηρέα δʼ ἀψευδέα καὶ ἀληθέα γείνατο Πόντος, πρεσβύτατον παίδων· αὐτὰρ καλέουσι γέροντα, οὕνεκα νημερτής τε καὶ ἤπιος, οὐδὲ θεμιστέων λήθεται, ἀλλὰ δίκαια καὶ ἤπια δήνεα οἶδεν· αὖτις δʼ αὖ Θαύμαντα μέγαν καὶ ἀγήνορα Φόρκυν Γαίῃ μισγόμενος καὶ Κητὼ καλλιπάρῃον Εὐρυβίην τʼ ἀδάμαντος ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θυμὸν ἔχουσαν. Νηρῆος δʼ ἐγένοντο μεγήρατα τέκνα θεάων
Lines 481–492
ἔνθα μιν ἷκτο φέρουσα θοὴν διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν πρώτην ἐς Λύκτον· κρύψεν δέ χερσὶ λαβοῦσα ἄντρῳ ἐν ἠλιβάτῳ, ζαθέης ὑπὸ κεύθεσι γαίης, Αἰγαίῳ ἐν ὄρει πεπυκασμένῳ ὑλήεντι. τῷ δὲ σπαργανίσασα μέγαν λίθον ἐγγυάλιξεν Οὐρανίδῃ μέγʼ ἄνακτι, θεῶν προτέρῳ βασιλῆι. τὸν τόθʼ ἑλὼν χείρεσσιν ἑὴν ἐσκάτθετο νηδὺν σχέτλιος· οὐδʼ ἐνόησε μετὰ φρεσίν, ὥς οἱ ὀπίσσω ἀντὶ λίθου ἑὸς υἱὸς ἀνίκητος καὶ ἀκηδὴς λείπεθʼ, μιν τάχʼ ἔμελλε βίῃ καὶ χερσὶ δαμάσσας τιμῆς ἐξελάειν, δʼ ἐν ἀθανάτοισι ἀνάξειν. καρπαλίμως δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα μένος καὶ φαίδιμα γυῖα
Lines 541–552
εὐθετίσας κατέθηκε καλύψας ἀργέτι δημῷ. δὴ τότε μιν προσέειπε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε· Ἰαπετιονίδη, πάντων ἀριδείκετʼ ἀνάκτων, πέπον, ὡς ἑτεροζήλως διεδάσσαο μοίρας. ὣς φάτο κερτομέων Ζεὺς ἄφθιτα μήδεα εἰδώς. τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Προμηθεὺς ἀγκυλομήτης ἦκʼ ἐπιμειδήσας, δολίης δʼ οὐ λήθετο τέχνης· ζεῦ κύδιστε μέγιστε θεῶν αἰειγενετάων, τῶν δʼ ἕλεʼ, ὁπποτέρην σε ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θυμὸς ἀνώγει. Φῆ ῥα δολοφρονέων· Ζεὺς δʼ ἄφθιτα μήδεα εἰδὼς γνῶ ῥʼ οὐδʼ ἠγνοίησε δόλον· κακὰ δʼ ὄσσετο θυμῷ θνητοῖς ἀνθρώποισι, τὰ καὶ τελέεσθαι ἔμελλεν.
Lines 553–564
χερσὶ δʼ γʼ ἀμφοτέρῃσιν ἀνείλετο λευκὸν ἄλειφαρ. χώσατο δὲ φρένας ἀμφί, χόλος δέ μιν ἵκετο θυμόν, ὡς ἴδεν ὀστέα λευκὰ βοὸς δολίῃ ἐπὶ τέχνῃ. ἐκ τοῦ δʼ ἀθανάτοισιν ἐπὶ χθονὶ φῦλʼ ἀνθρώπων καίουσʼ ὀστέα λευκὰ θυηέντων ἐπὶ βωμῶν. τὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς· Ἰαπετιονίδη, πάντων πέρι μήδεα εἰδώς, πέπον, οὐκ ἄρα πω δολίης ἐπιλήθεο τέχνης. ὣς φάτο χωόμενος Ζεὺς ἄφθιτα μήδεα εἰδώς· ἐκ τούτου δὴ ἔπειτα δόλου μεμνημένος αἰεὶ οὐκ ἐδίδου Μελίῃσι πυρὸς μένος ἀκαμάτοιο θνητοῖς ἀνθρώποις, οἳ ἐπὶ χθονὶ ναιετάουσιν.
Lines 601–612
Ζεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης θῆκεν, ξυνήονας ἔργων ἀργαλέων· ἕτερον δὲ πόρεν κακὸν ἀντʼ ἀγαθοῖο· ὅς κε γάμον φεύγων καὶ μέρμερα ἔργα γυναικῶν μὴ γῆμαι ἐθέλῃ, ὀλοὸν δʼ ἐπὶ γῆρας ἵκοιτο χήτεϊ γηροκόμοιο· γʼ οὐ βιότου ἐπιδευὴς ζώει, ἀποφθιμένου δὲ διὰ κτῆσιν δατέονται χηρωσταί· δʼ αὖτε γάμου μετὰ μοῖρα γένηται, κεδνὴν δʼ ἔσχεν ἄκοιτιν ἀρηρυῖαν πραπίδεσσι, τῷ δέ τʼ ἀπʼ αἰῶνος κακὸν ἐσθλῷ ἀντιφερίζει ἐμμενές· ὃς δέ κε τέτμῃ ἀταρτηροῖο γενέθλης, ζώει ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἔχων ἀλίαστον ἀνίην θυμῷ καὶ κραδίῃ, καὶ ἀνήκεστον κακόν ἐστιν.
Lines 649–660
ὑμεῖς δὲ μεγάλην τε βίην καὶ χεῖρας ἀάπτους φαίνετε Τιτήνεσσιν ἐναντίοι ἐν δαῒ λυγρῇ μνησάμενοι φιλότητος ἐνηέος, ὅσσα παθόντες ἐς φάος ἂψ ἀφίκεσθε δυσηλεγέος ὑπὸ δεσμοῦ ἡμετέρας διὰ βουλὰς ὑπὸ ζόφου ἠερόεντος. ὣς φάτο· τὸν δʼ ἐξαῦτις ἀμείβετο Κόττος ἀμύμων· Δαιμόνιʼ, οὐκ ἀδάητα πιφαύσκεαι· ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἴδμεν, τοι περὶ μὲν πραπίδες, περὶ δʼ ἐστὶ νόημα, ἀλκτὴρ δʼ ἀθανάτοισιν ἀρῆς γένεο κρυεροῖο. σῇσι δʼ ἐπιφροσύνῃσιν ὑπὸ ζόφου ἠερόεντος ἄψορρον δʼ† ἐξαῦτις ἀμειλίκτων ὑπὸ δεσμῶν ἠλύθομεν, Κρόνου υἱὲ ἄναξ, ἀνάελπτα παθόντες.
Lines 685–696
φωνὴ δʼ ἀμφοτέρων ἵκετʼ οὐρανὸν ἀστερόεντα κεκλομένων· οἳ δὲ ξύνισαν μεγάλῳ ἀλαλητῷ. οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτι Ζεὺς ἴσχεν ἑὸν μένος, ἀλλά νυ τοῦ γε εἶθαρ μὲν μένεος πλῆντο φρένες, ἐκ δέ τε πᾶσαν φαῖνε βίην· ἄμυδις δʼ ἄρʼ ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ ἠδʼ ἀπʼ Ὀλύμπου ἀστράπτων ἔστειχε συνωχαδόν· οἱ δὲ κεραυνοὶ ἴκταρ ἅμα βροντῇ τε καὶ ἀστεροπῇ ποτέοντο χειρὸς ἄπο στιβαρῆς, ἱερὴν φλόγα εἰλυφόωντες ταρφέες· ἀμφὶ δὲ γαῖα φερέσβιος ἐσμαράγιζε καιομένη, λάκε δʼ ἀμφὶ πυρὶ μεγάλʼ ἄσπετος ὕλη. ἔζεε δὲ χθὼν πᾶσα καὶ Ὠκεανοῖο ῥέεθρα πόντος τʼ ἀτρύγετος· τοὺς δʼ ἄμφεπε θερμὸς ἀυτμὴ
Lines 889–900
τέξεσθαι, τότʼ ἔπειτα δόλῳ φρένας ἐξαπατήσας αἱμυλίοισι λόγοισιν ἑὴν ἐσκάτθετο νηδὺν Γαίης φραδμοσύνῃσι καὶ Οὐρανοῦ ἀστερόεντος. τὼς γάρ οἱ φρασάτην, ἵνα μὴ βασιληίδα τιμὴν ἄλλος ἔχοι Διὸς ἀντὶ θεῶν αἰειγενετάων. ἐκ γὰρ τῆς εἵμαρτο περίφρονα τέκνα γενέσθαι· πρώτην μὲν κούρην γλαυκώπιδα Τριτογένειαν ἶσον ἔχουσαν πατρὶ μένος καὶ ἐπίφρονα βουλήν. αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ ἄρα παῖδα θεῶν βασιλῆα καὶ ἀνδρῶν ἤμελλεν τέξεσθαι, ὑπέρβιον ἦτορ ἔχοντα· ἀλλʼ ἄρα μιν Ζεὺς πρόσθεν ἑὴν ἐσκάτθετο νηδύν, ὡς δή οἱ φράσσαιτο θεὰ ἀγαθόν τε κακόν τε.
Lines 37–48
ἤδη μὲν γὰρ κλῆρον ἐδασσάμεθʼ, ἀλλὰ τὰ πολλὰ ἁρπάζων ἐφόρεις μέγα κυδαίνων βασιλῆας δωροφάγους, οἳ τήνδε δίκην ἐθέλουσι δίκασσαι. νήπιοι, οὐδὲ ἴσασιν ὅσῳ πλέον ἥμισυ παντὸς οὐδʼ ὅσον ἐν μαλάχῃ τε καὶ ἀσφοδέλῳ μέγʼ ὄνειαρ. κρύψαντες γὰρ ἔχουσι θεοὶ βίον ἀνθρώποισιν· ῥηιδίως γάρ κεν καὶ ἐπʼ ἤματι ἐργάσσαιο, ὥστε σε κεἰς ἐνιαυτὸν ἔχειν καὶ ἀεργὸν ἐόντα· αἶψά κε πηδάλιον μὲν ὑπὲρ καπνοῦ καταθεῖο, ἔργα βοῶν δʼ ἀπόλοιτο καὶ ἡμιόνων ταλαεργῶν. ἀλλὰ Ζεὺς ἔκρυψε χολωσάμενος φρεσὶν ᾗσιν, ὅττι μιν ἐξαπάτησε Προμηθεὺς ἀγκυλομήτης·
Lines 97–108
ἔνδον ἔμιμνε πίθου ὑπὸ χείλεσιν, οὐδὲ θύραζε ἐξέπτη· πρόσθεν γὰρ ἐπέλλαβε πῶμα πίθοιο αἰγιόχου βουλῇσι Διὸς νεφεληγερέταο. ἄλλα δὲ μυρία λυγρὰ κατʼ ἀνθρώπους ἀλάληται· πλείη μὲν γὰρ γαῖα κακῶν, πλείη δὲ θάλασσα· νοῦσοι δʼ ἀνθρώποισιν ἐφʼ ἡμέρῃ, αἳ δʼ ἐπὶ νυκτὶ αὐτόματοι φοιτῶσι κακὰ θνητοῖσι φέρουσαι σιγῇ, ἐπεὶ φωνὴν ἐξείλετο μητίετα Ζεύς. οὕτως οὔτι πη ἔστι Διὸς νόον ἐξαλέασθαι. εἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις, ἕτερόν τοι ἐγὼ λόγον ἐκκορυφώσω εὖ καὶ ἐπισταμένως· σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν. ὡς ὁμόθεν γεγάασι θεοὶ θνητοί τʼ ἄνθρωποι.
Lines 265–276
οἷ γʼ αὐτῷ κακὰ τεύχει ἀνὴρ ἄλλῳ κακὰ τεύχων, δὲ κακὴ βουλὴ τῷ βουλεύσαντι κακίστη. πάντα ἰδὼν Διὸς ὀφθαλμὸς καὶ πάντα νοήσας καί νυ τάδʼ, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσʼ, ἐπιδέρκεται, οὐδέ λήθει, οἵην δὴ καὶ τήνδε δίκην πόλις ἐντὸς ἐέργει. νῦν δὴ ἐγὼ μήτʼ αὐτὸς ἐν ἀνθρώποισι δίκαιος εἴην μήτʼ ἐμὸς υἱός· ἐπεὶ κακὸν ἄνδρα δίκαιον ἔμμεναι, εἰ μείζω γε δίκην ἀδικώτερος ἕξει· ἀλλὰ τά γʼ οὔ πω ἔολπα τελεῖν Δία μητιόεντα. Πέρση, σὺ δὲ ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσι, καὶ νυ δίκης ἐπάκουε, βίης δʼ ἐπιλήθεο πάμπαν. τόνδε γὰρ ἀνθρώποισι νόμον διέταξε Κρονίων
Lines 374–385
αἱμύλα κωτίλλουσα, τεὴν διφῶσα καλιήν. ὃς δὲ γυναικὶ πέποιθε, πέποιθʼ γε φηλήτῃσιν. μουνογενὴς δὲ πάις εἴη πατρώιον οἶκον φερβέμεν ὣς γὰρ πλοῦτος ἀέξεται ἐν μεγάροισιν. γηραιὸς δὲ θάνοις ἕτερον παῖδʼ ἐγκαταλείπων. ῥεῖα δέ κεν πλεόνεσσι πόροι Ζεὺς ἄσπετον ὄλβον. πλείων μὲν πλεόνων μελέτη, μείζων δʼ ἐπιθήκη. σοὶ δʼ εἰ πλούτου θυμὸς ἐέλδεται ἐν φρεσὶν ᾗσιν, ὧδʼ ἔρδειν, καὶ ἔργον ἐπʼ ἔργῳ ἐργάζεσθαι. πληιάδων Ἀτλαγενέων ἐπιτελλομενάων ἄρχεσθʼ ἀμήτου, ἀρότοιο δὲ δυσομενάων. αἳ δή τοι νύκτας τε καὶ ἤματα τεσσαράκοντα
Lines 446–457
σπέρματα δάσσασθαι καὶ ἐπισπορίην ἀλέασθαι. κουρότερος γὰρ ἀνὴρ μεθʼ ὁμήλικας ἐπτοίηται. φράζεσθαι δʼ, εὖτʼ ἂν γεράνου φωνὴν ἐπακούσῃς ὑψόθεν ἐκ νεφέων ἐνιαύσια κεκληγυίης· ἥτʼ ἀρότοιό τε σῆμα φέρει καὶ χείματος ὥρην δεικνύει ὀμβρηροῦ· κραδίην δʼ ἔδακʼ ἀνδρὸς ἀβούτεω· δὴ τότε χορτάζειν ἕλικας βόας ἔνδον ἐόντας· ῥηίδιον γὰρ ἔπος εἰπεῖν· βόε δὸς καὶ ἄμαξαν· ῥηίδιον δʼ ἀπανήνασθαι· πάρα ἔργα βόεσσιν. φησὶ δʼ ἀνὴρ φρένας ἀφνειὸς πήξασθαι ἄμαξαν, νήπιος, οὐδὲ τὸ οἶδʼ· ἑκατὸν δέ τε δούρατʼ ἀμάξης, τῶν πρόσθεν μελέτην ἐχέμεν οἰκήια θέσθαι.
Lines 530–541
λυγρὸν μυλιόωντες ἀνὰ δρία βησσήεντα φεύγουσιν· καὶ πᾶσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ τοῦτο μέμηλεν, ὡς σκέπα μαιόμενοι πυκινοὺς κευθμῶνας ἔχωσι καὶ γλάφυ πετρῆεν· τότε δὴ τρίποδι βροτῷ ἶσοι, οὗ τʼ ἐπὶ νῶτα ἔαγε, κάρη δʼ εἰς οὖδας ὁρᾶται, τῷ ἴκελοι φοιτῶσιν, ἀλευόμενοι νίφα λευκήν. καὶ τότε ἕσσασθαι ἔρυμα χροός, ὥς σε κελεύω, χλαῖνάν τε μαλακὴν καὶ τερμιόεντα χιτῶνα· στήμονι δʼ ἐν παύρῳ πολλὴν κρόκα μηρύσασθαι· τὴν περιέσσασθαι, ἵνα τοι τρίχες ἀτρεμέωσι, μηδʼ ὀρθαὶ φρίσσωσιν ἀειρόμεναι κατὰ σῶμα. ἀμφὶ δὲ ποσσὶ πέδιλα βοὸς ἶφι κταμένοιο
Lines 229–240
οἶδα γὰρ ἀντίτομον μέγα φέρτερον ὑλοτόμοιο, οἶδα δʼ ἐπηλυσίης πολυπήμονος ἐσθλὸν ἐρυσμόν. ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα θυώδεϊ δέξατο κόλπῳ χείρεσσʼ ἀθανάτῃσι· γεγήθει δὲ φρένα μήτηρ. ὣς μὲν Κελεοῖο δαΐφρονος ἀγλαὸν υἱὸν Δημοφόωνθʼ, ὃν ἔτικτεν ἐύζωνος Μετάνειρα, ἔτρεφεν ἐν μεγάροις· δʼ ἀέξετο δαίμονι ἶσος, οὔτʼ οὖν σῖτον ἔδων, οὐ θησάμενος γάλα μητρὸς χρίεσκʼ ἀμβροσίῃ ὡσεὶ θεοῦ ἐκγεγαῶτα ἡδὺ καταπνείουσα καὶ ἐν κόλποισιν ἔχουσα· νύκτας δὲ κρύπτεσκε πυρὸς μένει ἠύτε δαλὸν λάθρα φίλων γονέων· τοῖς δὲ μέγα θαῦμʼ ἐτέτυκτο,
Lines 325–336
αὖτις ἔπειτα πατὴρ μάκαρας θεοὺς αἰὲν ἐόντας πάντας ἐπιπροΐαλλεν· ἀμοιβηδὶς δὲ κιόντες κίκλησκον καὶ πολλὰ δίδον περικαλλέα δῶρα τιμάς θʼ, †ἅς κʼ ἐθέλοιτο† μετʼ ἀθανάτοισιν ἑλέσθαι. ἀλλʼ οὔτις πεῖσαι δύνατο φρένας οὐδὲ νόημα θυμῷ χωομένης· στερεῶς δʼ ἠναίνετο μύθους. οὐ μὲν γάρ ποτʼ ἔφασκε θυώδεος Οὐλύμποιο πρίν γʼ ἐπιβήσεσθαι, οὐ πρὶν γῆς καρπὸν ἀνήσειν, πρὶν ἴδοι ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἑὴν εὐώπιδα κούρην. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τό γʼ ἄκουσε βαρύκτυπος εὐρύοπα Ζεύς, εἰς Ἔρεβος πέμψε χρυσόρραπιν Ἀργειφόντην, ὄφρʼ Ἀίδην μαλακοῖσι παραιφάμενος ἐπέεσσιν
Lines 61–72
ὣς φάτο· χαῖρε δὲ Δῆλος, ἀμειβομένη δὲ προσηύδα· Λητοῖ, κυδίστη θύγατερ μεγάλου Κοίοιο, ἀσπασίη κεν ἐγώ γε γονὴν ἑκάτοιο ἄνακτος δεξαίμην· αἰνῶς γὰρ ἐτήτυμόν εἰμι δυσηχὴς ἀνδράσιν· ὧδε δέ κεν περιτιμήεσσα γενοίμην. ἀλλὰ τόδε τρομέω, Λητοῖ, ἔπος, οὐδέ σε κεύσω· λίην γάρ τινά φασιν ἀτάσθαλον Ἀπόλλωνα ἔσσεσθαι, μέγα δὲ πρυτανευσέμεν ἀθανάτοισι καὶ θνητοῖσι βροτοῖσιν ἐπὶ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν. τῷ ῥʼ αἰνῶς δείδοικα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν, μή, ὁπότʼ ἂν τὸ πρῶτον ἴδῃ φάος ἠελίοιο, νῆσον ἀτιμήσας, ἐπεὶ κραναήπεδός εἰμι,
Lines 373–384
Πύθιον ἀγκαλέουσιν ἐπώνυμον, οὕνεκα κεῖθι αὐτοῦ πῦσε πέλωρ μένος ὀξέος Ἠελίοιο. καὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων, οὕνεκά μιν κρήνη καλλίρροος ἐξαπάφησε· βῆ δʼ ἐπὶ Τελφούσῃ κεχολωμένος, αἶψα δʼ ἵκανε· στῆ δὲ μάλʼ ἄγχʼ αὐτῆς καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε· Τελφοῦσʼ, οὐκ ἄρʼ ἔμελλες ἐμὸν νόον ἐξαπαφοῦσα χῶρον ἔχουσʼ ἐρατὸν προρέειν καλλίρροον ὕδωρ. ἐνθάδε δὴ καὶ ἐμὸν κλέος ἔσσεται, οὐδὲ σὸν οἴης. καὶ ἐπὶ ῥίον ὦσε ἄναξ ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων πετραίῃς προχυτῇσιν, ἀπέκρυψεν δὲ ῥέεθρα καὶ βωμὸν ποιήσατʼ ἐν ἄλσεϊ δενδρήεντι,
Lines 529–540
οὔτε τρυγηφόρος ἥδε γʼ ἐπήρατος οὔτʼ εὐλείμων, ὥστʼ ἀπό τʼ εὖ ζώειν καὶ ἅμʼ ἀνθρώποισιν ὀπάζειν. τοὺς δʼ ἐπιμειδήσας προσέφη Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων· νήπιοι ἄνθρωποι, δυστλήμονες, οἳ μελεδῶνας βούλεσθʼ ἀργαλέους τε πόνους καὶ στείνεα θυμῷ· ῥηίδιον ἔπος ὔμμʼ ἐρέω καὶ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θήσω, δεξιτερῇ μάλʼ ἕκαστος ἔχων ἐν χειρὶ μάχαιραν, σφάζειν αἰεὶ μῆλα· τὰ δʼ ἄφθονα πάντα παρέσται, ὅσσα τʼ ἐμοί κʼ ἀγάγωσι περικλυτὰ φῦλʼ ἀνθρώπων· νηὸν δὲ προφύλαχθε, δέδεχθε δὲ φῦλʼ ἀνθρώπων ἐνθάδʼ ἀγειρομένων καὶ ἐμὴν ἰθύν τε μάλιστα. ἠέ τι τηΰσιον ἔπος ἔσσεται ἠέ τι ἔργον
Lines 541–546
ὕβρις θʼ, θέμις ἐστὶ καταθνητῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἄλλοι ἔπειθʼ ὑμῖν σημάντορες ἄνδρες ἔσονται, τῶν ὑπʼ ἀναγκαίῃ δεδμήσεσθʼ ἤματα πάντα. εἴρηταί τοι πάντα· σὺ δὲ φρεσὶ σῇσι φύλαξαι. καὶ σὺ μὲν οὕτω χαῖρε, Διὸς καὶ Λητοῦς υἱέ· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ καὶ σεῖο καὶ ἄλλης μνήσομʼ ἀοιδῆς.
Lines 49–60
ἀμφὶ δὲ δέρμα τάνυσσε βοὸς πραπίδεσσιν ἑῇσι καὶ πήχεις ἐνέθηκʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ ζυγὸν ἤραρεν ἀμφοῖν, ἑπτὰ δὲ θηλυτέρων ὀίων ἐτανύσσατο χορδάς. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τεῦξε, φέρων, ἐρατεινὸν ἄθυρμα, πλήκτρῳ ἐπειρήτιζε κατὰ μέρος· δʼ ὑπὸ χειρὸς σμερδαλέον κονάβησε· θεὸς δʼ ὑπὸ καλὸν ἄειδεν ἐξ αὐτοσχεδίης πειρώμενος, ἠύτε κοῦροι ἡβηταὶ θαλίῃσι παραιβόλα κερτομέουσιν, ἀμφὶ Δία Κρονίδην καὶ Μαιάδα καλλιπέδιλον, ὡς πάρος ὠρίζεσκον ἑταιρείῃ φιλότητι, ἥν τʼ αὐτοῦ γενεὴν ὀνομακλυτὸν ἐξονομάζων· ἀμφιπόλους τε γέραιρε καὶ ἀγλαὰ δώματα νύμφης
Lines 61–72
καὶ τρίποδας κατὰ οἶκον ἐπηετανούς τε λέβητας. καὶ τὰ μὲν οὖν ἤειδε, τὰ δὲ φρεσὶν ἄλλα μενοίνα. καὶ τὴν μὲν κατέθηκε φέρων ἱερῷ ἐνὶ λίκνῳ, φόρμιγγα γλαφυρήν· δʼ ἄρα κρειῶν ἐρατίζων ἆλτο κατὰ σκοπιὴν εὐώδεος ἐκ μεγάροιο ὁρμαίνων δόλον αἰπὺν ἐνὶ φρεσίν, οἶά τε φῶτες φηληταὶ διέπουσι μελαίνης νυκτὸς ἐν ὥρῃ. ἠέλιος μὲν ἔδυνε κατὰ χθονὸς Ὠκεανόνδε αὐτοῖσίν θʼ ἵπποισι καὶ ἅρμασιν· αὐτὰρ ἄρʼ Ἑρμῆς Πιερίης ἀφίκανε θέων ὄρεα σκιόεντα, ἔνθα θεῶν μακάρων βόες ἄμβροτοι αὖλιν ἔχεσκον βοσκόμεναι λειμῶνας ἀκηρασίους, ἐρατεινούς.
Lines 445–456
οὔτε τινʼ ἀθανάτων, οἳ Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχουσι, νόσφι σέθεν, φηλῆτα, Διὸς καὶ Μαιάδος υἱέ. τίς τέχνη, τίς μοῦσα ἀμηχανέων μελεδώνων, τίς τρίβος; ἀτρεκέως γὰρ ἅμα τρία πάντα πάρεστιν, εὐφροσύνην καὶ ἔρωτα καὶ ἥδυμον ὕπνον ἑλέσθαι. καὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ Μούσῃσιν Ὀλυμπιάδεσσιν ὀπηδός, τῇσι χοροί τε μέλουσι καὶ ἀγλαὸς οἶμος ἀοιδῆς καὶ μολπὴ τεθαλυῖα καὶ ἱμερόεις βρόμος αὐλῶν· ἀλλʼ οὔ πω τί μοι ὧδε μετὰ φρεσὶν ἄλλο μέλησεν, οἷα νέων θαλίῃς ἐνδέξια ἔργα πέλονται. θαυμάζω, Διὸς υἱέ, τάδʼ, ὡς ἐρατὸν κιθαρίζεις. νῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ὀλίγος περ ἐὼν κλυτὰ μήδεα οἶδας,
Lines 457–468
ἷζε, πέπον, καὶ μῦθον ἐπαίνει πρεσβυτέροισι· νῦν γάρ τοι κλέος ἔσται ἐν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι σοί τʼ αὐτῷ καὶ μητρί· τὸ δʼ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορεύσω· ναὶ μὰ τόδε κρανέινον ἀκόντιον, μὲν ἐγώ σε κυδρὸν ἐν ἀθανάτοισι καὶ ὄλβιον ἡγεμόνʼ εἵσω δώσω τʼ ἀγλαὰ δῶρα καὶ ἐς τέλος οὐκ ἀπατήσω. τὸν δʼ Ἑρμῆς μύθοισιν ἀμείβετο κερδαλέοισιν· εἰρωτᾷς μʼ, Ἑκάεργε, περιφραδές· αὐτὰρ ἐγώ σοι τέχνης ἡμετέρης ἐπιβήμεναι οὔ τι μεγαίρω. σήμερον εἰδήσεις· ἐθέλω δέ τοι ἤπιος εἶναι βουλῇ καὶ μύθοισι. σὺ δὲ φρεσὶ πάντʼ εὖ οἶδας· πρῶτος γάρ, Διὸς υἱέ, μετʼ ἀθανάτοισι θαάσσεις,
Lines 1–12
μοῦσά μοι ἔννεπε ἔργα πολυχρύσου Ἀφροδίτης, Κύπριδος, ἥτε θεοῖσιν ἐπὶ γλυκὺν ἵμερον ὦρσε καί τʼ ἐδαμάσσατο φῦλα καταθνητῶν ἀνθρώπων οἰωνούς τε διιπετέας καὶ θηρία πάντα, ἠμὲν ὅσʼ ἤπειρος πολλὰ τρέφει ἠδʼ ὅσα πόντος· πᾶσιν δʼ ἔργα μέμηλεν ἐυστεφάνου Κυθερείης. τρισσὰς δʼ οὐ δύναται πεπιθεῖν φρένας οὐδʼ ἀπατῆσαι· κούρην τʼ αἰγιόχοιο Διός, γλαυκῶπιν Ἀθήνην· οὐ γὰρ οἱ εὔαδεν ἔργα πολυχρύσου Ἀφροδίτης, ἀλλʼ ἄρα οἱ πόλεμοί τε ἅδον καὶ ἔργον Ἄρηος ὑσμῖναί τε μάχαι τε καὶ ἀγλαὰ ἔργʼ ἀλεγύνειν. πρώτη τέκτονας ἄνδρας ἐπιχθονίους ἐδίδαξε
Lines 25–36
δὲ μαλʼ οὐκ ἔθελεν, ἀλλὰ στερεῶς ἀπέειπεν· ὤμοσε δὲ μέγαν ὅρκον, δὴ τετελεσμένος ἐστίν, ἁψαμένη κεφαλῆς πατρὸς Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο, παρθένος ἔσσεσθαι πάντʼ ἤματα, δῖα θεάων. τῇ δὲ πατὴρ Ζεὺς δῶκε καλὸν γέρας ἀντὶ γάμοιο καὶ τε μέσῳ οἴκῳ κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο πῖαρ ἑλοῦσα. πᾶσιν δʼ ἐν νηοῖσι θεῶν τιμάοχός ἐστι καὶ παρὰ πᾶσι βροτοῖσι θεῶν πρέσβειρα τέτυκται. τάων οὐ δύναται πεπιθεῖν φρένας οὐδʼ ἀπατῆσαι· τῶν δʼ ἄλλων οὔ πέρ τι πεφυγμένον ἔστʼ Ἀφροδίτην οὔτε θεῶν μακάρων οὔτε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων. καί τε παρὲκ Ζηνὸς νόον ἤγαγε τερπικεραύνου,
Lines 37–48
ὅστε μέγιστός τʼ ἐστὶ μεγίστης τʼ ἔμμορε τιμῆς. καί τε τοῦ, εὖτʼ ἐθέλοι, πυκινὰς φρένας ἐξαπαφοῦσα ῥηιδίως συνέμιξε καταθνητῇσι γυναιξίν, Ἥρης ἐκλελαθοῦσα, κασιγνήτης ἀλόχου τε, μέγα εἶδος ἀρίστη ἐν ἀθανάτῃσι θεῇσι. κυδίστην δʼ ἄρα μιν τέκετο Κρόνος ἀγκυλομήτης μήτηρ τε Ῥείη· Ζεὺς δʼ ἄφθιτα μήδεα εἰδὼς αἰδοίην ἄλοχον ποιήσατο κέδνʼ εἰδυῖαν. τῇ δὲ καὶ αὐτῇ Ζεὺς γλυκὺν ἵμερον ἔμβαλε θυμῷ ἀνδρὶ καταθνητῷ μιχθήμεναι, ὄφρα τάχιστα μηδʼ αὐτὴ βροτέης εὐνῆς ἀποεργμένη εἴη, καί ποτʼ ἐπευξαμένη εἴπῃ μετὰ πᾶσι θεοῖσιν
Lines 61–72
ἔνθα δέ μιν Χάριτες λοῦσαν καὶ χρῖσαν ἐλαίῳ ἀμβρότῳ, οἷα θεοὺς ἐπενήνοθεν αἰὲν ἐόντας, ἀμβροσίῳ ἑδανῷ, τό ῥά οἱ τεθυωμένον ἦεν. ἑσσαμένη δʼ εὖ πάντα περὶ χροῒ εἵματα καλὰ χρυσῷ κοσμηθεῖσα φιλομμειδὴς Ἀφροδίτη σεύατʼ ἐπὶ Τροίης προλιποῦσʼ εὐώδεα Κύπρον, ὕψι μετὰ νέφεσιν ῥίμφα πρήσσουσα κέλευθον. Ἴδην δʼ ἵκανεν πολυπίδακα, μητέρα θηρῶν, βῆ δʼ ἰθὺς σταθμοῖο διʼ οὔρεος· οἳ δὲ μετʼ αὐτὴν σαίνοντες πολιοί τε λύκοι χαροποί τε λέοντες, ἄρκτοι παρδάλιές τε θοαὶ προκάδων ἀκόρητοι ἤισαν· δʼ ὁρόωσα μετὰ φρεσὶ τέρπετο θυμὸν
Lines 205–216
θαῦμα ἰδεῖν, πάντεσσι τετιμένος ἀθανάτοισι, χρυσέου ἐκ κρητῆρος ἀφύσσων νέκταρ ἐρυθρόν. Τρῶα δὲ πένθος ἄλαστον ἔχε φρένας, οὐδέ τι ᾔδει, ὅππη οἱ φίλον υἱὸν ἀνήρπασε θέσπις ἄελλα· τὸν δὴ ἔπειτα γόασκε διαμπερὲς ἤματα πάντα καί μιν Ζεὺς ἐλέησε, δίδου δέ οἱ υἷος ἄποινα, ἵππους ἀρσίποδας, τοί τʼ ἀθανάτους φορέουσι. τούς οἱ δῶρον ἔδωκεν ἔχειν· εἶπεν δὲ ἕκαστα Ζηνὸς ἐφημοσύνῃσι διάκτορος Ἀργειφόντης, ὡς ἔοι ἀθάνατος καὶ ἀγήρως ἶσα θεοῖσιν. αὐτὰρ ἐπειδὴ Ζηνὸς γʼ ἔκλυεν ἀγγελιάων, οὐκέτʼ ἔπειτα γόασκε, γεγήθει δὲ φρένας ἔνδον,
Lines 217–228
γηθόσυνος δʼ ἵπποισιν ἀελλοπόδεσσιν ὀχεῖτο. ὣς δʼ αὖ Τιθωνὸν χρυσόθρονος ἥρπασεν Ἠώς, ὑμετέρης γενεῆς, ἐπιείκελον ἀθανάτοισι. Βῆ δʼ ἴμεν αἰτήσουσα κελαινεφέα Κρονίωνα, ἀθάνατόν τʼ εἶναι καὶ ζώειν ἤματα πάντα· τῇ δὲ Ζεὺς ἐπένευσε καὶ ἐκρήηνεν ἐέλδωρ. νηπίη, οὐδʼ ἐνόησε μετὰ φρεσὶ πότνια Ἠὼς ἥβην αἰτῆσαι ξῦσαί τʼ ἄπο γῆρας ὀλοιόν. τὸν δʼ τοι εἵως μὲν ἔχεν πολυήρατος ἥβη, Ἠοῖ τερπόμενος χρυσοθρόνῳ, ἠριγενείῃ ναῖε παρʼ Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοῇς ἐπὶ πείρασι γαίης· αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πρῶται πολιαὶ κατέχυντο ἔθειραι
Lines 265–276
γεινομένῃσιν ἔφυσαν ἐπὶ χθονὶ βωτιανείρῃ, καλαί, τηλεθάουσαι, ἐν οὔρεσιν ὑψηλοῖσιν. ἑστᾶσʼ ἠλίβατοι, τεμένη δέ κικλήσκουσιν ἀθανάτων· τὰς δʼ οὔ τι βροτοὶ κείρουσι σιδήρῳ· ἀλλʼ ὅτε κεν δὴ μοῖρα παρεστήκῃ θανάτοιο, ἀζάνεται μὲν πρῶτον ἐπὶ χθονὶ δένδρεα καλά, φλοιὸς δʼ ἀμφιπεριφθινύθει, πίπτουσι δʼ ἄπʼ ὄζοι, τῶν δέ θʼ ὁμοῦ ψυχὴ λείπει φάος ἠελίοιο. αἳ μὲν ἐμὸν θρέψουσι παρὰ σφίσιν υἱὸν ἔχουσαι. τὸν μὲν ἐπὴν δὴ πρῶτον ἕλῃ πολυήρατος ἥβη, ἄξουσίν σοι δεῦρο θεαὶ δείξουσί τε παῖδα. σοὶ δʼ ἐγώ, ὄφρα κε ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ πάντα διέλθω,
Lines 289–293
εἴρηταί τοι πάντα· σὺ δὲ φρεσὶ σῇσι νοήσας, ἴσχεο μηδʼ ὀνόμαινε, θεῶν δʼ ἐποπίζεο μῆνιν. ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἤιξε πρὸς οὐρανὸν ἠνεμόεντα. χαῖρε, θεά, Κύπροιο ἐυκτιμένης μεδέουσα· σεῦ δʼ ἐγὼ ἀρξάμενος μεταβήσομαι ἄλλον ἐς ὕμνον.
Lines 37–48
αἰγιπόδην, δικέρωτα, φιλόκροτον, ἡδυγέλωτα· φεῦγε δ’ ἀναΐξασα, λίπεν δ’ ἄρα παῖδα τιθήνη δεῖσε γάρ, ὡς ἴδεν ὄψιν ἀμείλιχον, ἠυγένειον. τὸν δ’ αἶψ’ Ἑρμείας ἐριούνιος εἰς χέρα θῆκε δεξάμενος, χαῖρεν δὲ νόῳ περιώσια δαίμων. ῥίμφα δ’ ἐς ἀθανάτων ἕδρας κίε παῖδα καλύψας δέρμασιν ἐν πυκινοῖσιν ὀρεσκῴοιο λαγωοῦ πὰρ δὲ Ζηνὶ κάθιζε καὶ ἄλλοις ἀθανάτοισι, δεῖξε δὲ κοῦρον ἑόν· πάντες δ’ ἄρα θυμὸν ἔτερφθεν ἀθάνατοι, περίαλλα δ’ Βάκχειος Διόνυσος· Πᾶνα δέ μιν καλέεσκον, ὅτι φρένα πᾶσιν ἔτερψε. καὶ σὺ μὲν οὕτω χαῖρε, ἄναξ, ἵλαμαι δέ σ’ ἀοιδῇ
Lines 1–14
ἑστίη, πάντων ἐν δώμασιν ὑψηλοῖσιν ἀθανάτων τε θεῶν χαμαὶ ἐρχομένων τ’ ἀνθρώπων ἕδρην ἀίδιον ἔλαχες, πρεσβηίδα τιμήν, καλὸν ἔχουσα γέρας καὶ τίμιον· οὐ γὰρ ἄτερ σοῦ εἰλαπίναι θνητοῖσιν, ἵν’ οὐ πρώτῃ πυμάτῃ τε Ἑστίῃ ἀρχόμενος σπένδει μελιηδέα οἶνον· καὶ σύ μοι, Ἀργειφόντα, Διὸς καὶ Μαιάδος υἱέ, ἄγγελε τῶν μακάρων, χρυσόρραπι, δῶτορ ἐάων, ναίετε δώματα καλά, φίλα φρεσὶν ἀλλήλοισιν ἵλαος ὢν ἐπάρηγε σὺν αἰδοίῃ τε φίλῃ τε. εἰδότες· ἀμφότεροι γὰρ ἐπιχθονίων ἀνθρώπων εἰδότες ἔργματα καλὰ νόῳ θ’ ἕσπεσθε καὶ ἥβῃ. χαῖρε, Κρόνου θύγατερ, σύ τε καὶ χρυσόρραπις Ἑρμῆς· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ὑμέων τε καὶ ἄλλης μνήσομ’ ἀοιδῆς.
Lines 43–57
The arrows rattled on the shoulders of the angry god as he moved, and his coming was like the night. Then he sat down apart from the ships and let fly an arrow: terrible was the twang of the silver bow. The mules he assailed first and the swift dogs, but then on the men themselves he let fly his stinging shafts, and struck; and constantly the pyres of the dead burned thick. For nine days the missiles of the god ranged among the host, but on the tenth Achilles called the people to assembly, for the goddess, white-armed Hera, had put it in his heart, since she pitied the Danaans, when she saw them dying. When they were assembled and gathered together, among them arose and spoke swift-footed Achilles: Son of Atreus, now I think we shall return home, beaten back again, should we even escape death,if war and pestilence alike are to ravage the Achaeans. But come, let us ask some seer or priest, or some reader of dreams—for a dream too is from Zeus—who might say why Phoebus Apollo is so angry, whether he finds fault with a vow or a hecatomb;in hope that he may accept the savour of lambs and unblemished goats, and be willing to ward off the pestilence from us.
ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων, βῆ δὲ κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων χωόμενος κῆρ, τόξʼ ὤμοισιν ἔχων ἀμφηρεφέα τε φαρέτρην· ἔκλαγξαν δʼ ἄρʼ ὀϊστοὶ ἐπʼ ὤμων χωομένοιο, αὐτοῦ κινηθέντος· δʼ ἤϊε νυκτὶ ἐοικώς. ἕζετʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀπάνευθε νεῶν, μετὰ δʼ ἰὸν ἕηκε· δεινὴ δὲ κλαγγὴ γένετʼ ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο· οὐρῆας μὲν πρῶτον ἐπῴχετο καὶ κύνας ἀργούς, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ αὐτοῖσι βέλος ἐχεπευκὲς ἐφιεὶς βάλλʼ· αἰεὶ δὲ πυραὶ νεκύων καίοντο θαμειαί. ἐννῆμαρ μὲν ἀνὰ στρατὸν ᾤχετο κῆλα θεοῖο, τῇ δεκάτῃ δʼ ἀγορὴν δὲ καλέσσατο λαὸν Ἀχιλλεύς· τῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη· κήδετο γὰρ Δαναῶν, ὅτι ῥα θνήσκοντας ὁρᾶτο. οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἤγερθεν ὁμηγερέες τε γένοντο,
Lattimore commentary
The typical scene (a mortal prays and a god answers) is made distinctive by the extended description of the god’s arrival, “as night comes down,” combining sound (the clanging of his arrows on his quiver) and sight (the blackness of night’s descent parallel to Apollo’s coming down from Olympos, the gods’ mountain home). A common pattern: nine days or years represent an unmarked stretch of time that is then contrasted with and fulfilled by a significant tenth day or year. The ten years of the war itself fit this template.
Lines 101–105
Prophet of evil, never yet have you spoken to me a pleasant thing; ever is evil dear to your heart to prophesy, but a word of good you have never yet spoken, nor brought to pass. And now among the Danaans you claim in prophecy that for this reason the god who strikes from afar brings woes upon them,that I would not accept the glorious ransom for the girl, the daughter of Chryses, since I much prefer to keep her in my home. For certainly I prefer her to Clytemnestra, my wedded wife, since she is not inferior to her, either in form or in stature, or in mind, or in any handiwork.Yet even so will I give her back, if that is better; I would rather the people be safe than perish. But provide me with a prize of honour forthwith, lest I alone of the Argives be without one, since that would not be proper. For you all see this, that my prize goes elsewhere.
ἤτοι γʼ ὣς εἰπὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο· τοῖσι δʼ ἀνέστη ἥρως Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων ἀχνύμενος· μένεος δὲ μέγα φρένες ἀμφιμέλαιναι πίμπλαντʼ, ὄσσε δέ οἱ πυρὶ λαμπετόωντι ἐΐκτην· Κάλχαντα πρώτιστα κάκʼ ὀσσόμενος προσέειπε·
Lines 188–201
and break up the assembly, and slay the son of Atreus, or stay his anger and curb his spirit. While he pondered this in mind and heart, and was drawing from its sheath his great sword, Athene came from heaven. The white-armed goddess Hera had sent her forth, for in her heart she loved and cared for both men alike. She stood behind him, and seized the son of Peleus by his fair hair, appearing to him alone. No one of the others saw her. Achilles was seized with wonder, and turned around, and immediately recognized Pallas Athene. Terribly her eyes shone. Then he addressed her with winged words, and said: Why now, daughter of aegis-bearing Zeus, have you come? Is it so that you might see the arrogance of Agamemnon, son of Atreus? One thing I will tell you, and I think this will be brought to pass: through his own excessive pride shall he presently lose his life.
ὣς φάτο· Πηλεΐωνι δʼ ἄχος γένετʼ, ἐν δέ οἱ ἦτορ στήθεσσιν λασίοισι διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν, γε φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος παρὰ μηροῦ τοὺς μὲν ἀναστήσειεν, δʼ Ἀτρεΐδην ἐναρίζοι, ἦε χόλον παύσειεν ἐρητύσειέ τε θυμόν. ἧος ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν, ἕλκετο δʼ ἐκ κολεοῖο μέγα ξίφος, ἦλθε δʼ Ἀθήνη οὐρανόθεν· πρὸ γὰρ ἧκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη ἄμφω ὁμῶς θυμῷ φιλέουσά τε κηδομένη τε· στῆ δʼ ὄπιθεν, ξανθῆς δὲ κόμης ἕλε Πηλεΐωνα οἴῳ φαινομένη· τῶν δʼ ἄλλων οὔ τις ὁρᾶτο· θάμβησεν δʼ Ἀχιλεύς, μετὰ δʼ ἐτράπετʼ, αὐτίκα δʼ ἔγνω Παλλάδʼ Ἀθηναίην· δεινὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε φάανθεν· καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·
Lattimore commentary
A type-scene of decision making. Cf. the same phrase used to describe Diomedes hesitating about continuing the assault at 8.167. In Homeric psychology heroic action involves such internal contests; poetically, such moments foreshadow a course of action while holding out the possibility of alternative plots.
Lines 293–303
for I do not think I shall obey you any longer. And another thing I will tell you, and take it to heart: with my hands I will not fight for the girl's sake either with you nor with any other, since you are taking away what you have given. But of all else that is mine by my swift black ship, nothing will you take or carry away against my will. Come, just try, so that these too may know: forthwith will your dark blood flow forth about my spear.
γάρ κεν δειλός τε καὶ οὐτιδανὸς καλεοίμην εἰ δὴ σοὶ πᾶν ἔργον ὑπείξομαι ὅττί κεν εἴπῃς· ἄλλοισιν δὴ ταῦτʼ ἐπιτέλλεο, μὴ γὰρ ἔμοιγε σήμαινʼ· οὐ γὰρ ἔγωγʼ ἔτι σοὶ πείσεσθαι ὀΐω. ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσι· χερσὶ μὲν οὔ τοι ἔγωγε μαχήσομαι εἵνεκα κούρης οὔτε σοὶ οὔτέ τῳ ἄλλῳ, ἐπεί μʼ ἀφέλεσθέ γε δόντες· τῶν δʼ ἄλλων μοί ἐστι θοῇ παρὰ νηῒ μελαίνῃ τῶν οὐκ ἄν τι φέροις ἀνελὼν ἀέκοντος ἐμεῖο· εἰ δʼ ἄγε μὴν πείρησαι ἵνα γνώωσι καὶ οἵδε· αἶψά τοι αἷμα κελαινὸν ἐρωήσει περὶ δουρί.
Lines 326–333
The two, seized with dread and in awe of the king, stood, and spoke no word to him, nor made question; but he knew in his heart, and spoke: Hail, heralds, messengers of Zeus and men, draw near. It is not you who are guilty in my sight, but Agamemnon,who sent you forth for the sake of the girl, Briseis. But come, Patroclus, sprung from Zeus, bring forth the girl, and give her to them to lead away. However, let these two themselves be witnesses before the blessed gods and mortal men, and before him, that ruthless king, if hereafterthere shall be need of me to ward off shameful ruin from the host. Truly he rages with baneful mind, and knows not at all to look both before and after, that his Achaeans might wage war in safety beside their ships.
ὣς εἰπὼν προΐει, κρατερὸν δʼ ἐπὶ μῦθον ἔτελλε· τὼ δʼ ἀέκοντε βάτην παρὰ θῖνʼ ἁλὸς ἀτρυγέτοιο, Μυρμιδόνων δʼ ἐπί τε κλισίας καὶ νῆας ἱκέσθην, τὸν δʼ εὗρον παρά τε κλισίῃ καὶ νηῒ μελαίνῃ ἥμενον· οὐδʼ ἄρα τώ γε ἰδὼν γήθησεν Ἀχιλλεύς. τὼ μὲν ταρβήσαντε καὶ αἰδομένω βασιλῆα στήτην, οὐδέ τί μιν προσεφώνεον οὐδʼ ἐρέοντο· αὐτὰρ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φώνησέν τε·
Lattimore commentary
Achilleus as head of his Myrmidon troops can be called “king,” like Agamemnon, but the latter functions as an overlord, a first among equals for the Greek leaders, each of whom possesses a sort of localized royalty.
Lines 334–344
who sent you forth for the sake of the girl, Briseis. But come, Patroclus, sprung from Zeus, bring forth the girl, and give her to them to lead away. However, let these two themselves be witnesses before the blessed gods and mortal men, and before him, that ruthless king, if hereafter there shall be need of me to ward off shameful ruin from the host. Truly he rages with baneful mind, and knows not at all to look both before and after, that his Achaeans might wage war in safety beside their ships.
χαίρετε κήρυκες Διὸς ἄγγελοι ἠδὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν, ἆσσον ἴτʼ· οὔ τί μοι ὔμμες ἐπαίτιοι ἀλλʼ Ἀγαμέμνων, σφῶϊ προΐει Βρισηΐδος εἵνεκα κούρης. ἀλλʼ ἄγε διογενὲς Πατρόκλεες ἔξαγε κούρην καί σφωϊν δὸς ἄγειν· τὼ δʼ αὐτὼ μάρτυροι ἔστων πρός τε θεῶν μακάρων πρός τε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ πρὸς τοῦ βασιλῆος ἀπηνέος εἴ ποτε δʼ αὖτε χρειὼ ἐμεῖο γένηται ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι τοῖς ἄλλοις· γὰρ γʼ ὀλοιῇσι φρεσὶ θύει, οὐδέ τι οἶδε νοῆσαι ἅμα πρόσσω καὶ ὀπίσσω, ὅππως οἱ παρὰ νηυσὶ σόοι μαχέοιντο Ἀχαιοί.
Thetis to Achilles · divine
Lines 362–363
τέκνον τί κλαίεις; τί δέ σε φρένας ἵκετο πένθος; ἐξαύδα, μὴ κεῦθε νόῳ, ἵνα εἴδομεν ἄμφω.
Lines 472–486
they lay down to rest by the stern cables of the ship, and as soon as early rosy-fingered Dawn appeared, then they set sail for the wide camp of the Achaeans. And Apollo, who works from afar, sent them a favouring wind, and they set up the mast and spread the white sail. So the wind filled the belly of the sail, and the dark wave sang loudly about the stem of the ship, as she went, and she sped over the wave, accomplishing her way. But when they came to the wide camp of the Achaeans, they drew the black ship up on the shore, high upon the sands, and set in line the long props beneath, and themselves scattered among the tents and ships. But he in his wrath sat beside his swift-faring ships, the Zeus-sprung son of Peleus, swift-footed Achilles. Never did he go forth to the place of gathering, where men win glory,
οἳ δὲ πανημέριοι μολπῇ θεὸν ἱλάσκοντο καλὸν ἀείδοντες παιήονα κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν μέλποντες ἑκάεργον· δὲ φρένα τέρπετʼ ἀκούων. ἦμος δʼ ἠέλιος κατέδυ καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἦλθε, δὴ τότε κοιμήσαντο παρὰ πρυμνήσια νηός· ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς, καὶ τότʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀνάγοντο μετὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν· τοῖσιν δʼ ἴκμενον οὖρον ἵει ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων· οἳ δʼ ἱστὸν στήσαντʼ ἀνά θʼ ἱστία λευκὰ πέτασσαν, ἐν δʼ ἄνεμος πρῆσεν μέσον ἱστίον, ἀμφὶ δὲ κῦμα στείρῃ πορφύρεον μεγάλʼ ἴαχε νηὸς ἰούσης· δʼ ἔθεεν κατὰ κῦμα διαπρήσσουσα κέλευθον. αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἵκοντο κατὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν, νῆα μὲν οἵ γε μέλαιναν ἐπʼ ἠπείροιο ἔρυσσαν ὑψοῦ ἐπὶ ψαμάθοις, ὑπὸ δʼ ἕρματα μακρὰ τάνυσσαν·
Lattimore commentary
Poetry and song have a ritual function: the paian, a group song dedicated to Apollo, and performed usually in thanksgiving or supplication, is depicted as pleasing the god as though he were an audience member, much as a sacrifice does.
Hera to Zeus · divine
Lines 552–559
silver-footed Thetis, daughter of the old man of the sea, have beguiled you; for at early dawn she sat by you and clasped your knees. To her, I think, you bowed your head in sure token that you will honour Achilles, and bring many to death beside the ships of the Achaeans.
αἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες; καὶ λίην σε πάρος γʼ οὔτʼ εἴρομαι οὔτε μεταλλῶ, ἀλλὰ μάλʼ εὔκηλος τὰ φράζεαι ἅσσʼ ἐθέλῃσθα. νῦν δʼ αἰνῶς δείδοικα κατὰ φρένα μή σε παρείπῃ ἀργυρόπεζα Θέτις θυγάτηρ ἁλίοιο γέροντος· ἠερίη γὰρ σοί γε παρέζετο καὶ λάβε γούνων· τῇ σʼ ὀΐω κατανεῦσαι ἐτήτυμον ὡς Ἀχιλῆα τιμήσῃς, ὀλέσῃς δὲ πολέας ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.
Lines 1–7
Now all the other gods and men, lords of chariots, slumbered the whole night through, but Zeus was not holden of sweet sleep, for he was pondering in his heart how he might do honour to Achilles and lay many low beside the ships of the Achaeans. And this plan seemed to his mind the best, to send to Agamemnon, son of Atreus, a baneful dream. So he spake, and addressed him with winged words: Up, go, thou baneful Dream, unto the swift ships of the Achaeans, and when thou art come to the hut of Agamemnon, son of Atreus,tell him all my word truly, even as I charge thee. Bid him arm the long-haired Achaeans with all speed, since now he may take the broad-wayed city of the Trojans. For the immortals, that have homes upon Olympus, are no longer divided in counsel,since Hera hath Vent the minds of all by her supplication, and over the Trojans hang woes. So spake he, and the Dream went his way, when he had heard this saying. Forthwith he came to the swift ships of the Achaeans, and went his way to Agamemnon, son of Atreus, and found him sleeping in his hut, and over him was shed ambrosial slumber.
ἄλλοι μέν ῥα θεοί τε καὶ ἀνέρες ἱπποκορυσταὶ εὗδον παννύχιοι, Δία δʼ οὐκ ἔχε νήδυμος ὕπνος, ἀλλʼ γε μερμήριζε κατὰ φρένα ὡς Ἀχιλῆα τιμήσῃ, ὀλέσῃ δὲ πολέας ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν. ἥδε δέ οἱ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλή, πέμψαι ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι οὖλον ὄνειρον· καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·
Lattimore commentary
“Evil” Dream. The adjective literally means “causing destruction,” related to a verb just used (“destroy”) in lines above. Like Sleep and Death, Dream is a half-personified abstraction, and along with them is one of the many children of Night, including Nemesis, Old Age, Strife, Deception, and the Fates, according to Hesiod’s Theogony (211–25).
Lines 23–34
to whom a host is entrusted, and upon whom rest so many cares. But now, hearken thou quickly unto me, for I am a messenger to thee from Zeus, who, far away though he be, hath exceeding care for thee and pity. He biddeth thee arm the long-haired Achaeans with all speed, since now thou mayest take the broad-wayed city of the Trojans. For the immortals that have homes upon Olympus are no longer divided in counsel, since Hera hath bent the minds of all by her supplication, and over the Trojans hang woes by the will of Zeus. But do thou keep this in thy heart, nor let forgetfulness lay hold of thee, whenso honey-hearted sleep shall let thee go.
εὕδεις Ἀτρέος υἱὲ δαΐφρονος ἱπποδάμοιο· οὐ χρὴ παννύχιον εὕδειν βουληφόρον ἄνδρα λαοί τʼ ἐπιτετράφαται καὶ τόσσα μέμηλε· νῦν δʼ ἐμέθεν ξύνες ὦκα· Διὸς δέ τοι ἄγγελός εἰμι, ὃς σεῦ ἄνευθεν ἐὼν μέγα κήδεται ἠδʼ ἐλεαίρει. θωρῆξαί σε κέλευσε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς πανσυδίῃ· νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοις πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν Τρώων· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἀμφὶς Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες ἀθάνατοι φράζονται· ἐπέγναμψεν γὰρ ἅπαντας Ἥρη λισσομένη, Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδεʼ ἐφῆπται ἐκ Διός· ἀλλὰ σὺ σῇσιν ἔχε φρεσί, μηδέ σε λήθη αἱρείτω εὖτʼ ἄν σε μελίφρων ὕπνος ἀνήῃ.
Lattimore commentary
Dream relates the message of Zeus verbatim, but cannot resist adding his own touch, telling Agamemnon not to forget what he has just heard. The poet elsewhere plays with such minor variations on repeated speeches (as in Odysseus’ speech to Achilleus in book 9).
Lines 56–75
‘Thou sleepest, son of wise-hearted Atreus, the tamer of horses. To sleep the whole night through beseemeth not a man that is a counsellor, to whom a host is entrusted, and upon whom rest so many cares. But now, hearken thou quickly unto me, for I am a messenger to thee from Zeus, who, far away though he be, hath exceeding care for thee and pity. He biddeth thee arm the long-haired Achaeans with all speed, since now thou mayest take the broad-wayed city of the Trojans. For the immortals that have homes upon Olympus are no longer divided in counsel, since Hera hath bent the minds of all by her supplication, and over the Trojans hang woes by the will of Zeus. But do thou keep this in thy heart.’ So spake he, and was flown away, and sweet sleep let me go. Nay, come now, if in any wise we may, let us arm the sons of the Achaeans; but first will I make trial of them in speech, as is right, and will bid them flee with their benched ships; but do you from this side and from that bespeak them, and strive to hold them back.
κλῦτε φίλοι· θεῖός μοι ἐνύπνιον ἦλθεν ὄνειρος ἀμβροσίην διὰ νύκτα· μάλιστα δὲ Νέστορι δίῳ εἶδός τε μέγεθός τε φυήν τʼ ἄγχιστα ἐῴκει· στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς καί με πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν· εὕδεις Ἀτρέος υἱὲ δαΐφρονος ἱπποδάμοιο· οὐ χρὴ παννύχιον εὕδειν βουληφόρον ἄνδρα, λαοί τʼ ἐπιτετράφαται καὶ τόσσα μέμηλε· νῦν δʼ ἐμέθεν ξύνες ὦκα· Διὸς δέ τοι ἄγγελός εἰμι, ὃς σεῦ ἄνευθεν ἐὼν μέγα κήδεται ἠδʼ ἐλεαίρει· θωρῆξαί σε κέλευσε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς πανσυδίῃ· νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοις πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν Τρώων· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἀμφὶς Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες ἀθάνατοι φράζονται· ἐπέγναμψεν γὰρ ἅπαντας Ἥρη λισσομένη, Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδεʼ ἐφῆπται ἐκ Διός· ἀλλὰ σὺ σῇσιν ἔχε φρεσίν· ὣς μὲν εἰπὼν ᾤχετʼ ἀποπτάμενος, ἐμὲ δὲ γλυκὺς ὕπνος ἀνῆκεν. ἀλλʼ ἄγετʼ αἴ κέν πως θωρήξομεν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν· πρῶτα δʼ ἐγὼν ἔπεσιν πειρήσομαι, θέμις ἐστί, καὶ φεύγειν σὺν νηυσὶ πολυκλήϊσι κελεύσω· ὑμεῖς δʼ ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος ἐρητύειν ἐπέεσσιν.
Lattimore commentary
Agamemnon produces his own twist on the message of Dream, omitting the final advice to not forget (clearly he has not). He also adds to the command to arm the troops a quite odd verbal “testing,” which he claims is “customary” (themis), in which he will suggest the opposite of what he really wants: that everyone take ship for home. As if already unsure whether this test will backfire (as it eventually does) Agamemnon advises his fellow commanders to stand at the ready with encouraging words.
Lines 60–70
‘Thou sleepest, son of wise-hearted Atreus, the tamer of horses. To sleep the whole night through beseemeth not a man that is a counsellor, to whom a host is entrusted, and upon whom rest so many cares. But now, hearken thou quickly unto me, for I am a messenger to thee from Zeus, who, far away though he be, hath exceeding care for thee and pity. He biddeth thee arm the long-haired Achaeans with all speed, since now thou mayest take the broad-wayed city of the Trojans. For the immortals that have homes upon Olympus are no longer divided in counsel, since Hera hath bent the minds of all by her supplication, and over the Trojans hang woes by the will of Zeus. But do thou keep this in thy heart.’ So spake he, and was flown away, and sweet sleep let me go. Nay, come now, if in any wise we may, let us arm the sons of the Achaeans; but first will I make trial of them in speech, as is right, and will bid them flee with their benched ships;
εὕδεις Ἀτρέος υἱὲ δαΐφρονος ἱπποδάμοιο· οὐ χρὴ παννύχιον εὕδειν βουληφόρον ἄνδρα, λαοί τʼ ἐπιτετράφαται καὶ τόσσα μέμηλε· νῦν δʼ ἐμέθεν ξύνες ὦκα· Διὸς δέ τοι ἄγγελός εἰμι, ὃς σεῦ ἄνευθεν ἐὼν μέγα κήδεται ἠδʼ ἐλεαίρει· θωρῆξαί σε κέλευσε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς πανσυδίῃ· νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοις πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν Τρώων· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἀμφὶς Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες ἀθάνατοι φράζονται· ἐπέγναμψεν γὰρ ἅπαντας Ἥρη λισσομένη, Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδεʼ ἐφῆπται ἐκ Διός· ἀλλὰ σὺ σῇσιν ἔχε φρεσίν· ὣς μὲν εἰπὼν
Lattimore commentary
Agamemnon produces his own twist on the message of Dream, omitting the final advice to not forget (clearly he has not). He also adds to the command to arm the troops a quite odd verbal “testing,” which he claims is “customary” (themis), in which he will suggest the opposite of what he really wants: that everyone take ship for home. As if already unsure whether this test will backfire (as it eventually does) Agamemnon advises his fellow commanders to stand at the ready with encouraging words.
Lines 207–221
thundereth on the long beach, and the deep roareth. Now the others sate them down and were stayed in their places, only there still kept chattering on Thersites of measureless speech, whose mind was full of great store of disorderly words, wherewith to utter revilings against the kings, idly, and in no orderly wise, but whatsoever he deemed would raise a laugh among the Argives. Evil-favoured was he beyond all men that came to Ilios: he was bandy-legged and lame in the one foot, and his two shoulders were rounded, stooping together over his chest, and above them his head was warped, and a scant stubble grew thereon. Hateful was he to Achilles above all, and to Odysseus, for it was they twain that he was wont to revile; but now again with shrill cries he uttered abuse against goodly Agamemnon. With him were the Achaeans exceeding wroth, and had indignation in their hearts.
ὣς γε κοιρανέων δίεπε στρατόν· οἳ δʼ ἀγορὴν δὲ αὖτις ἐπεσσεύοντο νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων ἠχῇ, ὡς ὅτε κῦμα πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης αἰγιαλῷ μεγάλῳ βρέμεται, σμαραγεῖ δέ τε πόντος. ἄλλοι μέν ῥʼ ἕζοντο, ἐρήτυθεν δὲ καθʼ ἕδρας· Θερσίτης δʼ ἔτι μοῦνος ἀμετροεπὴς ἐκολῴα, ὃς ἔπεα φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἄκοσμά τε πολλά τε ᾔδη μάψ, ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον, ἐριζέμεναι βασιλεῦσιν, ἀλλʼ τι οἱ εἴσαιτο γελοίϊον Ἀργείοισιν ἔμμεναι· αἴσχιστος δὲ ἀνὴρ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθε· φολκὸς ἔην, χωλὸς δʼ ἕτερον πόδα· τὼ δέ οἱ ὤμω κυρτὼ ἐπὶ στῆθος συνοχωκότε· αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε φοξὸς ἔην κεφαλήν, ψεδνὴ δʼ ἐπενήνοθε λάχνη. ἔχθιστος δʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ μάλιστʼ ἦν ἠδʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ· τὼ γὰρ νεικείεσκε· τότʼ αὖτʼ Ἀγαμέμνονι δίῳ
Lattimore commentary
Thersites, with his store of abusive words, seems to be a forerunner of the satirist. Mocking poetry, called iambos, is attested as early as the seventh century in Greece. His ugliness parallels the quality of his discourse. That his usual targets were the best fighter and best planner in the army, the protagonists respectively of the Iliad and the Odyssey, suggests an old tradition of antiheroic rhetoric shadowing aristocratic epic traditions. Thersites repeats and amplifies the complaints of Achilleus in book 1 concerning Agamemnon’s rapacity and injustice. The audience may know the story of Thersites’ eventual death (narrated in the Aithiopis, an archaic continuation of the Iliad narrative): he will be slain by Achilleus for mocking him about his alleged love for the Amazon woman and Trojan ally Penthesileia.
Lines 225–242
Son of Atreus, with what art thou now again discontent, or what lack is thine? Filled are thy huts with bronze, and women full many are in thy huts, chosen spoils that we Achaeans give thee first of all, whensoe'er we take a citadel. Or dost thou still want gold also,which some man of the horse-taming Trojans shall bring thee out of Ilios as a ransom for his son, whom I haply have bound and led away or some other of the Achaeans? Or is it some young girl for thee to know in love, whom thou wilt keep apart for thyself? Nay, it beseemeth not one that is their captain to bring to ill the sons of the Achaeans.Soft fools! base things of shame, ye women of Achaea, men no more, homeward let us go with our ships, and leave this fellow here in the land of Troy to digest his prizes, that so he may learn whether in us too there is aught of aid for him or no—for him that hath now done dishonour to Achilles, a man better far than he;for he hath taken away, and keepeth his prize by his own arrogant act. Of a surety there is naught of wrath in the heart of Achilles; nay, he heedeth not at all; else, son of Atreus, wouldest thou now work insolence for the last time. So spake Thersites, railing at Agamemnon, shepherd of the host. But quickly to his side came goodly Odysseus, which some man of the horse-taming Trojans shall bring thee out of Ilios as a ransom for his son, whom I haply have bound and led away or some other of the Achaeans? Or is it some young girl for thee to know in love, whom thou wilt keep apart for thyself? Nay, it beseemeth not one that is their captain to bring to ill the sons of the Achaeans. Soft fools! base things of shame, ye women of Achaea, men no more, homeward let us go with our ships, and leave this fellow here in the land of Troy to digest his prizes, that so he may learn whether in us too there is aught of aid for him or no—for him that hath now done dishonour to Achilles, a man better far than he; for he hath taken away, and keepeth his prize by his own arrogant act. Of a surety there is naught of wrath in the heart of Achilles; nay, he heedeth not at all; else, son of Atreus, wouldest thou now work insolence for the last time.
Ἀτρεΐδη τέο δʼ αὖτʼ ἐπιμέμφεαι ἠδὲ χατίζεις; πλεῖαί τοι χαλκοῦ κλισίαι, πολλαὶ δὲ γυναῖκες εἰσὶν ἐνὶ κλισίῃς ἐξαίρετοι, ἅς τοι Ἀχαιοὶ πρωτίστῳ δίδομεν εὖτʼ ἂν πτολίεθρον ἕλωμεν. ἔτι καὶ χρυσοῦ ἐπιδεύεαι, ὅν κέ τις οἴσει Τρώων ἱπποδάμων ἐξ Ἰλίου υἷος ἄποινα, ὅν κεν ἐγὼ δήσας ἀγάγω ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν, ἠὲ γυναῖκα νέην, ἵνα μίσγεαι ἐν φιλότητι, ἥν τʼ αὐτὸς ἀπονόσφι κατίσχεαι; οὐ μὲν ἔοικεν ἀρχὸν ἐόντα κακῶν ἐπιβασκέμεν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν. πέπονες κάκʼ ἐλέγχεʼ Ἀχαιΐδες οὐκέτʼ Ἀχαιοὶ οἴκαδέ περ σὺν νηυσὶ νεώμεθα, τόνδε δʼ ἐῶμεν αὐτοῦ ἐνὶ Τροίῃ γέρα πεσσέμεν, ὄφρα ἴδηται ῥά τί οἱ χἠμεῖς προσαμύνομεν ἦε καὶ οὐκί· ὃς καὶ νῦν Ἀχιλῆα ἕο μέγʼ ἀμείνονα φῶτα ἠτίμησεν· ἑλὼν γὰρ ἔχει γέρας αὐτὸς ἀπούρας. ἀλλὰ μάλʼ οὐκ Ἀχιλῆϊ χόλος φρεσίν, ἀλλὰ μεθήμων· γὰρ ἂν Ἀτρεΐδη νῦν ὕστατα λωβήσαιο·
Lines 284–332
the most despised among all mortal men, nor will they fulfill the promise that they made to thee, while faring hitherward from Argos, the pasture-land of horses, that not until thou hadst sacked well-walled Ilios shouldest thou get thee home. For like little children or widow women do they wail each to the other in longing to return home. Verily there is toil enough to make a man return disheartened. For he that abideth but one single month far from his wife in his benched ship hath vexation of heart, even he whom winter blasts and surging seas keep afar; but for us is the ninth year at its turn, while we abide here; wherefore I count it not shame that the Achaeans have vexation of heart beside their beaked ships; yet even so it is a shameful thing to tarry long, and return empty. Endure, my friends, and abide for a time, that we may know whether the prophecies of Calchas be true, or no. and we round about a spring were offering to the immortals upon the holy altars hecatombs that bring fulfillment, beneath a fair plane-tree from whence flowed the bright water; then appeared a great portent: a serpent, blood-red on the back, terrible, whom the Olympian himself had sent forth to the light, glided from beneath the altar and darted to the plane-tree. Now upon this were the younglings of a sparrow, tender little ones, on the topmost bough, cowering beneath the leaves, eight in all, and the mother that bare them was the ninth, Then the serpent devoured them as they twittered piteously, and the mother fluttered around them, wailing for her dear little ones; howbeit he coiled himself and caught her by the wing as she screamed about him. But when he had devoured the sparrow's little ones and the mother with them, the god, who had brought him to the light, made him to be unseen; for the son of crooked-counselling Cronos turned him to stone; and we stood there and marveled at what was wrought. So, when the dread portent brake in upon the hecatombs of the gods, then straightway did Calchas prophesy, and address our gathering, saying: 'Why are ye thus silent, ye long-haired Achaeans? To us hath Zeus the counsellor shewed this great sign, late in coming, late in fulfillment, the fame whereof shall never perish. Even as this serpent devoured the sparrow's little ones and the mother with them—the eight, and the mother that bare them was the ninth—so shall we war there for so many years, but in the tenth shall we take the broad-wayed city.' On this wise spake Calchas, and now all this is verily being brought to pass. Nay, come, abide ye all, ye well-greaved Achaeans, even where ye are, until we take the great city of Priam.
Ἀτρεΐδη νῦν δή σε ἄναξ ἐθέλουσιν Ἀχαιοὶ πᾶσιν ἐλέγχιστον θέμεναι μερόπεσσι βροτοῖσιν, οὐδέ τοι ἐκτελέουσιν ὑπόσχεσιν ἥν περ ὑπέσταν ἐνθάδʼ ἔτι στείχοντες ἀπʼ Ἄργεος ἱπποβότοιο Ἴλιον ἐκπέρσαντʼ εὐτείχεον ἀπονέεσθαι. ὥς τε γὰρ παῖδες νεαροὶ χῆραί τε γυναῖκες ἀλλήλοισιν ὀδύρονται οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι. μὴν καὶ πόνος ἐστὶν ἀνιηθέντα νέεσθαι· καὶ γάρ τίς θʼ ἕνα μῆνα μένων ἀπὸ ἧς ἀλόχοιο ἀσχαλάᾳ σὺν νηῒ πολυζύγῳ, ὅν περ ἄελλαι χειμέριαι εἰλέωσιν ὀρινομένη τε θάλασσα· ἡμῖν δʼ εἴνατός ἐστι περιτροπέων ἐνιαυτὸς ἐνθάδε μιμνόντεσσι· τὼ οὐ νεμεσίζομʼ Ἀχαιοὺς ἀσχαλάαν παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν· ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔμπης αἰσχρόν τοι δηρόν τε μένειν κενεόν τε νέεσθαι. τλῆτε φίλοι, καὶ μείνατʼ ἐπὶ χρόνον ὄφρα δαῶμεν ἐτεὸν Κάλχας μαντεύεται ἦε καὶ οὐκί. εὖ γὰρ δὴ τόδε ἴδμεν ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἐστὲ δὲ πάντες μάρτυροι, οὓς μὴ κῆρες ἔβαν θανάτοιο φέρουσαι· χθιζά τε καὶ πρωΐζʼ ὅτʼ ἐς Αὐλίδα νῆες Ἀχαιῶν ἠγερέθοντο κακὰ Πριάμῳ καὶ Τρωσὶ φέρουσαι, ἡμεῖς δʼ ἀμφὶ περὶ κρήνην ἱεροὺς κατὰ βωμοὺς ἕρδομεν ἀθανάτοισι τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας καλῇ ὑπὸ πλατανίστῳ ὅθεν ῥέεν ἀγλαὸν ὕδωρ· ἔνθʼ ἐφάνη μέγα σῆμα· δράκων ἐπὶ νῶτα δαφοινὸς σμερδαλέος, τόν ῥʼ αὐτὸς Ὀλύμπιος ἧκε φόως δέ, βωμοῦ ὑπαΐξας πρός ῥα πλατάνιστον ὄρουσεν. ἔνθα δʼ ἔσαν στρουθοῖο νεοσσοί, νήπια τέκνα, ὄζῳ ἐπʼ ἀκροτάτῳ πετάλοις ὑποπεπτηῶτες ὀκτώ, ἀτὰρ μήτηρ ἐνάτη ἦν τέκε τέκνα· ἔνθʼ γε τοὺς ἐλεεινὰ κατήσθιε τετριγῶτας· μήτηρ δʼ ἀμφεποτᾶτο ὀδυρομένη φίλα τέκνα· τὴν δʼ ἐλελιξάμενος πτέρυγος λάβεν ἀμφιαχυῖαν. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ τέκνα φάγε στρουθοῖο καὶ αὐτήν, τὸν μὲν ἀρίζηλον θῆκεν θεὸς ὅς περ ἔφηνε· λᾶαν γάρ μιν ἔθηκε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω· ἡμεῖς δʼ ἑσταότες θαυμάζομεν οἷον ἐτύχθη. ὡς οὖν δεινὰ πέλωρα θεῶν εἰσῆλθʼ ἑκατόμβας, Κάλχας δʼ αὐτίκʼ ἔπειτα θεοπροπέων ἀγόρευε· τίπτʼ ἄνεῳ ἐγένεσθε κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί; ἡμῖν μὲν τόδʼ ἔφηνε τέρας μέγα μητίετα Ζεὺς ὄψιμον ὀψιτέλεστον, ὅου κλέος οὔ ποτʼ ὀλεῖται. ὡς οὗτος κατὰ τέκνα φάγε στρουθοῖο καὶ αὐτὴν ὀκτώ, ἀτὰρ μήτηρ ἐνάτη ἦν τέκε τέκνα, ὣς ἡμεῖς τοσσαῦτʼ ἔτεα πτολεμίξομεν αὖθι, τῷ δεκάτῳ δὲ πόλιν αἱρήσομεν εὐρυάγυιαν. κεῖνος τὼς ἀγόρευε· τὰ δὴ νῦν πάντα τελεῖται. ἀλλʼ ἄγε μίμνετε πάντες ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς κεν ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο ἕλωμεν.
Lattimore commentary
Odysseus’ rhetorical technique is to induce guilt in the Greeks by blaming them for not keeping their own promises (rather than by doubting Zeus). After showing his sympathy for the sufferings of his audience (292), he vividly evokes the portent interpreted by Kalchas and rouses the troops with his conclusion that the prophesied time has come.
Lines 39–57
would that thou hadst ne'er been born2 and hadst died unwed. Aye, of that were I fain, and it had been better far than that thou shouldest thus be a reproach, and that men should look upon thee in scorn. Verily, methinks, will the long-haired Achaeans laugh aloud, deeming that a prince is our champion because a comely form is his, while there is no strength in his heart nor any valour. Was it in such strength as this that thou didst sail over the main in thy seafaring ships, when thou hadst gathered thy trusty comrades, and, coming to an alien folk, didst bring back a comely woman from a distant land, even a daughter of1 warriors who wield the spear, but to thy father and city and all the people a grievous bane—to thy foes a joy, but to thine own self a hanging down of the head? Wilt thou indeed not abide Menelaus, dear to Ares? Thou wouldest learn what manner of warrior he is whose lovely wife thou hast. Then will thy lyre help thee not, neither the gifts of Aphrodite, thy locks and thy comeliness, when thou shalt lie low in the dust. Nay, verily, the Trojans are utter cowards: else wouldest thou ere this have donned a coat of stone2 by reason of all the evil thou hast wrought.
Δύσπαρι εἶδος ἄριστε γυναιμανὲς ἠπεροπευτὰ αἴθʼ ὄφελες ἄγονός τʼ ἔμεναι ἄγαμός τʼ ἀπολέσθαι· καί κε τὸ βουλοίμην, καί κεν πολὺ κέρδιον ἦεν οὕτω λώβην τʼ ἔμεναι καὶ ὑπόψιον ἄλλων. που καγχαλόωσι κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ φάντες ἀριστῆα πρόμον ἔμμεναι, οὕνεκα καλὸν εἶδος ἔπʼ, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἔστι βίη φρεσὶν οὐδέ τις ἀλκή. τοιόσδε ἐὼν ἐν ποντοπόροισι νέεσσι πόντον ἐπιπλώσας, ἑτάρους ἐρίηρας ἀγείρας, μιχθεὶς ἀλλοδαποῖσι γυναῖκʼ εὐειδέʼ ἀνῆγες ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης νυὸν ἀνδρῶν αἰχμητάων πατρί τε σῷ μέγα πῆμα πόληΐ τε παντί τε δήμῳ, δυσμενέσιν μὲν χάρμα, κατηφείην δὲ σοὶ αὐτῷ; οὐκ ἂν δὴ μείνειας ἀρηΐφιλον Μενέλαον; γνοίης χʼ οἵου φωτὸς ἔχεις θαλερὴν παράκοιτιν· οὐκ ἄν τοι χραίσμῃ κίθαρις τά τε δῶρʼ Ἀφροδίτης τε κόμη τό τε εἶδος ὅτʼ ἐν κονίῃσι μιγείης. ἀλλὰ μάλα Τρῶες δειδήμονες· τέ κεν ἤδη λάϊνον ἕσσο χιτῶνα κακῶν ἕνεχʼ ὅσσα ἔοργας.
Lattimore commentary
Hektor’s torrent of abuse includes reference to the combination of erotic and musical attractions his brother has. That he does not exaggerate will be established at 394 and 442. Paris himself (65) confirms the characterization but shifts responsibility to the gods.
Lines 97–110
because of my quarrel and Alexander's beginning thereof.1 And for whichsoever of us twain death and fate are appointed, let him lie dead; but be ye others parted with all speed. Bring ye two lambs, a white ram and a black ewe, for Earth and Sun, and for Zeus we will bring another; and fetch ye hither the mighty Priam, that he may himself swear an oath with sacrifice, seeing that his sons are over-weening and faithless; lest any by presumptuous act should do violence to the oaths of Zeus. Ever unstable are the hearts of the young; but in whatsoever an old man taketh part, he looketh both before and after, that the issue may be far the best for either side.
κέκλυτε νῦν καὶ ἐμεῖο· μάλιστα γὰρ ἄλγος ἱκάνει θυμὸν ἐμόν, φρονέω δὲ διακρινθήμεναι ἤδη Ἀργείους καὶ Τρῶας, ἐπεὶ κακὰ πολλὰ πέπασθε εἵνεκʼ ἐμῆς ἔριδος καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρου ἕνεκʼ ἀρχῆς· ἡμέων δʼ ὁπποτέρῳ θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα τέτυκται τεθναίη· ἄλλοι δὲ διακρινθεῖτε τάχιστα. οἴσετε ἄρνʼ, ἕτερον λευκόν, ἑτέρην δὲ μέλαιναν, Γῇ τε καὶ Ἠελίῳ· Διὶ δʼ ἡμεῖς οἴσομεν ἄλλον· ἄξετε δὲ Πριάμοιο βίην, ὄφρʼ ὅρκια τάμνῃ αὐτός, ἐπεί οἱ παῖδες ὑπερφίαλοι καὶ ἄπιστοι, μή τις ὑπερβασίῃ Διὸς ὅρκια δηλήσηται. αἰεὶ δʼ ὁπλοτέρων ἀνδρῶν φρένες ἠερέθονται· οἷς δʼ γέρων μετέῃσιν ἅμα πρόσσω καὶ ὀπίσσω λεύσσει, ὅπως ὄχʼ ἄριστα μετʼ ἀμφοτέροισι γένηται.
Lattimore commentary
The black lamb is for Earth, the white for Sun, in accordance with Greek ideas of offerings appropriate for chthonic (earthbound) versus Olympian deities. Zeus fits as the expected additional recipient, since he was overseer of offenses related to hospitality (such as the behavior of Paris).
Lines 438–446
but another time shall I vanquish him; on our side too there be gods. But come, let us take our joy, couched together in love; for never yet hath desire so encompassed my soul—nay, not when at the first I snatched thee from lovely Lacedaemon and sailed with thee on my seafaring ships, and on the isle of Cranae had dalliance with thee on the couch of love—as now I love thee, and sweet desire layeth hold of me.
μή με γύναι χαλεποῖσιν ὀνείδεσι θυμὸν ἔνιπτε· νῦν μὲν γὰρ Μενέλαος ἐνίκησεν σὺν Ἀθήνῃ, κεῖνον δʼ αὖτις ἐγώ· πάρα γὰρ θεοί εἰσι καὶ ἡμῖν. ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ φιλότητι τραπείομεν εὐνηθέντε· οὐ γάρ πώ ποτέ μʼ ὧδέ γʼ ἔρως φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψεν, οὐδʼ ὅτε σε πρῶτον Λακεδαίμονος ἐξ ἐρατεινῆς ἔπλεον ἁρπάξας ἐν ποντοπόροισι νέεσσι, νήσῳ δʼ ἐν Κραναῇ ἐμίγην φιλότητι καὶ εὐνῇ, ὥς σεο νῦν ἔραμαι καί με γλυκὺς ἵμερος αἱρεῖ.
Zeus to Hera · divine
Lines 31–49
and to devour Priam raw and the sons of Priam and all the Trojans besides, then perchance mightest thou heal thine anger. Do as thy pleasure is; let not this quarrel in time to come be to thee and me a grievous cause of strife between us twain. And another thing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart. When it shall be that I, vehemently eager to lay waste a city, choose one wherein dwell men that are dear to thee, seek thou in no wise to hinder my anger, but suffer me; since I too have yielded to thee of mine own will, yet with soul unwilling. For of all cities beneath sun and starry heaven wherein men that dwell upon the face of the earth have their abodes, of these sacred Ilios was most honoured of my heart, and Priam and the people of Priam, with goodly spear of ash. For never at any time was mine altar in lack of the equal feast, the drink-offering, and the savour of burnt-offering, even the worship that is our due.
δαιμονίη τί νύ σε Πρίαμος Πριάμοιό τε παῖδες τόσσα κακὰ ῥέζουσιν, τʼ ἀσπερχὲς μενεαίνεις Ἰλίου ἐξαλαπάξαι ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον; εἰ δὲ σύ γʼ εἰσελθοῦσα πύλας καὶ τείχεα μακρὰ ὠμὸν βεβρώθοις Πρίαμον Πριάμοιό τε παῖδας ἄλλους τε Τρῶας, τότε κεν χόλον ἐξακέσαιο. ἕρξον ὅπως ἐθέλεις· μὴ τοῦτό γε νεῖκος ὀπίσσω σοὶ καὶ ἐμοὶ μέγʼ ἔρισμα μετʼ ἀμφοτέροισι γένηται. ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν· ὁππότε κεν καὶ ἐγὼ μεμαὼς πόλιν ἐξαλαπάξαι τὴν ἐθέλω ὅθι τοι φίλοι ἀνέρες ἐγγεγάασι, μή τι διατρίβειν τὸν ἐμὸν χόλον, ἀλλά μʼ ἐᾶσαι· καὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ σοὶ δῶκα ἑκὼν ἀέκοντί γε θυμῷ· αἳ γὰρ ὑπʼ ἠελίῳ τε καὶ οὐρανῷ ἀστερόεντι ναιετάουσι πόληες ἐπιχθονίων ἀνθρώπων, τάων μοι περὶ κῆρι τιέσκετο Ἴλιος ἱρὴ καὶ Πρίαμος καὶ λαὸς ἐϋμμελίω Πριάμοιο. οὐ γάρ μοί ποτε βωμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης λοιβῆς τε κνίσης τε· τὸ γὰρ λάχομεν γέρας ἡμεῖς.
Lattimore commentary
The desire to eat an enemy is expressed (under pressure of great grief) by Achilleus, before killing Hektor (22.347), and by Hekabē, mother of the dead hero (24.213). In similes, lions (e. g., 5.782) and wolves (16.156) devour prey raw. The bargain made here between gods is first in a series of such compromises in the poem, all of them fatal to mortals. Zeus favors Troy for reasons of ritual correctness: he has never lacked offerings of meat and wine from the inhabitants. His concern for such perquisites is not unlike Agamemnon’s; he uses the word geras (49: “prize; portion of honor”) to describe sacrifices, the term with which the Greek commander characterized his war bride Chryseis (1.118, 120, etc.).
Lines 104–118
Straightway he uncovered his polished bow of the horn of a wild ibex, that himself on a time had smitten beneath the breast as it came forth from a rock, he lying in wait the while in a place of ambush, and had struck it in the chest, so that it fell backward in a cleft of the rock. From its head the horns grew to a length of sixteen palms; these the worker in horn had wrought and fitted together, and smoothed all with care, and set thereon a tip of gold. This bow he bent, leaning it against the ground, and laid it carefully down; and his goodly comrades held their shields before him, lest the warrior sons of the Achaeans should leap to their feet or ever Menelaus, the warlike son of Atreus, was smitten. Then opened he the lid of his quiver, and took forth an arrow, a feathered arrow that had never been shot, freighted161.2 with dark pains; and forthwith he fitted the bitter arrow to the string, and made a vow to Apollo, the wolf-born god, famed for his bow,
ὣς φάτʼ Ἀθηναίη, τῷ δὲ φρένας ἄφρονι πεῖθεν· αὐτίκʼ ἐσύλα τόξον ἐΰξοον ἰξάλου αἰγὸς ἀγρίου, ὅν ῥά ποτʼ αὐτὸς ὑπὸ στέρνοιο τυχήσας πέτρης ἐκβαίνοντα δεδεγμένος ἐν προδοκῇσι βεβλήκει πρὸς στῆθος· δʼ ὕπτιος ἔμπεσε πέτρῃ. τοῦ κέρα ἐκ κεφαλῆς ἑκκαιδεκάδωρα πεφύκει· καὶ τὰ μὲν ἀσκήσας κεραοξόος ἤραρε τέκτων, πᾶν δʼ εὖ λειήνας χρυσέην ἐπέθηκε κορώνην. καὶ τὸ μὲν εὖ κατέθηκε τανυσσάμενος ποτὶ γαίῃ ἀγκλίνας· πρόσθεν δὲ σάκεα σχέθον ἐσθλοὶ ἑταῖροι μὴ πρὶν ἀναΐξειαν ἀρήϊοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν πρὶν βλῆσθαι Μενέλαον ἀρήϊον Ἀτρέος υἱόν. αὐτὰρ σύλα πῶμα φαρέτρης, ἐκ δʼ ἕλετʼ ἰὸν ἀβλῆτα πτερόεντα μελαινέων ἕρμʼ ὀδυνάων· αἶψα δʼ ἐπὶ νευρῇ κατεκόσμει πικρὸν ὀϊστόν,
Lines 155–182
Dear brother, it was for thy death, meseems, that I swore this oath with sacrifice, setting thee forth alone before the face of the Achaeans to do battle with the Trojans, seeing the Trojans have thus smitten thee, and trodden under foot the oaths of faith. Yet in no wise is an oath of none effect and the blood of lambs and drink-offerings of unmixed wine and the hand-clasps, wherein we put our trust.For even if for the moment the Olympian vouchsafeth not fulfillment, yet late and at length doth he fulfill them, and with a heavy price do men make atonement, even with their own heads and their wives and their children. For of a surety know I this in heart and soul: the day shall come when sacred Ilios shall be laid low,and Priam, and the people of Priam, with goodly spear of ash; and Zeus, son of Cronos, throned on high, that dwelleth in the heaven, shall himself shake over them all his dark aegis in wrath for this deceit. These things verily shall not fail of fulfillment; yet dread grief for thee shall be mine, O Menelaus,if thou shalt die and fill up thy lot of life. Aye, and as one most despised should I return to thirsty Argos, for straightway will the Achaeans bethink them of their native land, and so should we leave to Priam and the Trojans their boast, even Argive Helen. And thy bones shall the earth rotas thou liest in the land of Troy with thy task unfinished; and thus shall many a one of the overweening Trojans say, as he leapeth upon the barrow of glorious Menelaus: Would that in every matter it may he thus that Agamemnon may fulfill his wrath, even as now he led hither a host of the Achaeans to no purpose, and lo!he hath departed home to his dear native land with empty ships, and hath left here noble Menelaus. So shall some man speak in aftertime; in that day let the wide earth gape for me. For even if for the moment the Olympian vouchsafeth not fulfillment, yet late and at length doth he fulfill them, and with a heavy price do men make atonement, even with their own heads and their wives and their children. For of a surety know I this in heart and soul: the day shall come when sacred Ilios shall be laid low, and Priam, and the people of Priam, with goodly spear of ash; and Zeus, son of Cronos, throned on high, that dwelleth in the heaven, shall himself shake over them all his dark aegis in wrath for this deceit. These things verily shall not fail of fulfillment; yet dread grief for thee shall be mine, O Menelaus, if thou shalt die and fill up thy lot of life. Aye, and as one most despised should I return to thirsty Argos, for straightway will the Achaeans bethink them of their native land, and so should we leave to Priam and the Trojans their boast, even Argive Helen. And thy bones shall the earth rot as thou liest in the land of Troy with thy task unfinished; and thus shall many a one of the overweening Trojans say, as he leapeth upon the barrow of glorious Menelaus: Would that in every matter it may he thus that Agamemnon may fulfill his wrath, even as now he led hither a host of the Achaeans to no purpose, and lo!he hath departed home to his dear native land with empty ships, and hath left here noble Menelaus. So shall some man speak in aftertime; in that day let the wide earth gape for me. he hath departed home to his dear native land with empty ships, and hath left here noble Menelaus.
φίλε κασίγνητε θάνατόν νύ τοι ὅρκιʼ ἔταμνον οἶον προστήσας πρὸ Ἀχαιῶν Τρωσὶ μάχεσθαι, ὥς σʼ ἔβαλον Τρῶες, κατὰ δʼ ὅρκια πιστὰ πάτησαν. οὐ μέν πως ἅλιον πέλει ὅρκιον αἷμά τε ἀρνῶν σπονδαί τʼ ἄκρητοι καὶ δεξιαὶ ᾗς ἐπέπιθμεν. εἴ περ γάρ τε καὶ αὐτίκʼ Ὀλύμπιος οὐκ ἐτέλεσσεν, ἔκ τε καὶ ὀψὲ τελεῖ, σύν τε μεγάλῳ ἀπέτισαν σὺν σφῇσιν κεφαλῇσι γυναιξί τε καὶ τεκέεσσιν. εὖ γὰρ ἐγὼ τόδε οἶδα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν· ἔσσεται ἦμαρ ὅτʼ ἄν ποτʼ ὀλώλῃ Ἴλιος ἱρὴ καὶ Πρίαμος καὶ λαὸς ἐϋμμελίω Πριάμοιο, Ζεὺς δέ σφι Κρονίδης ὑψίζυγος αἰθέρι ναίων αὐτὸς ἐπισσείῃσιν ἐρεμνὴν αἰγίδα πᾶσι τῆσδʼ ἀπάτης κοτέων· τὰ μὲν ἔσσεται οὐκ ἀτέλεστα· ἀλλά μοι αἰνὸν ἄχος σέθεν ἔσσεται Μενέλαε αἴ κε θάνῃς καὶ πότμον ἀναπλήσῃς βιότοιο. καί κεν ἐλέγχιστος πολυδίψιον Ἄργος ἱκοίμην· αὐτίκα γὰρ μνήσονται Ἀχαιοὶ πατρίδος αἴης· κὰδ δέ κεν εὐχωλὴν Πριάμῳ καὶ Τρωσὶ λίποιμεν Ἀργείην Ἑλένην· σέο δʼ ὀστέα πύσει ἄρουρα κειμένου ἐν Τροίῃ ἀτελευτήτῳ ἐπὶ ἔργῳ. καί κέ τις ὧδʼ ἐρέει Τρώων ὑπερηνορεόντων τύμβῳ ἐπιθρῴσκων Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο· αἴθʼ οὕτως ἐπὶ πᾶσι χόλον τελέσειʼ Ἀγαμέμνων, ὡς καὶ νῦν ἅλιον στρατὸν ἤγαγεν ἐνθάδʼ Ἀχαιῶν, καὶ δὴ ἔβη οἶκον δὲ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν σὺν κεινῇσιν νηυσὶ λιπὼν ἀγαθὸν Μενέλαον. ὥς ποτέ τις ἐρέει· τότε μοι χάνοι εὐρεῖα χθών.
Lattimore commentary
Agamemnon, while not losing confidence that Troy is doomed, fears nevertheless that the death of Menelaos would discourage the troops and lead to his own humiliating return empty-handed. Imagining what someone might say in the future is a characteristic of Hektor’s rhetoric, most often (see, e. g., 7.87–91).
Lines 242–249
stand still, and in their hearts is no valour found at all? Even so ye stand dazed and fight not. Is it that ye wait for the Trojans to come near where your ships with stately sterns are drawn up on the shore of the grey sea, that ye may know if haply the son of Cronos will stretch forth his arm over you?
Ἀργεῖοι ἰόμωροι ἐλεγχέες οὔ νυ σέβεσθε; τίφθʼ οὕτως ἔστητε τεθηπότες ἠΰτε νεβροί, αἵ τʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἔκαμον πολέος πεδίοιο θέουσαι ἑστᾶσʼ, οὐδʼ ἄρα τίς σφι μετὰ φρεσὶ γίγνεται ἀλκή· ὣς ὑμεῖς ἔστητε τεθηπότες οὐδὲ μάχεσθε. μένετε Τρῶας σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν ἔνθά τε νῆες εἰρύατʼ εὔπρυμνοι πολιῆς ἐπὶ θινὶ θαλάσσης, ὄφρα ἴδητʼ αἴ κʼ ὔμμιν ὑπέρσχῃ χεῖρα Κρονίων;
Lines 252–273
And I have no mind to mount upon a car, but even as I am will I go to face them; that I should quail Pallas Athene suffereth not. As for these twain, their swift horses shall not bear both back from us again, even if one or the other escape. And another thing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart. If so be Athene, rich in counsel, shall vouchsafe me this glory, to slay them both, then do thou hold here these swift horses, binding the reins taut to the chariot rim; but be mindful to rush upon the horses of Aeneas and drive them forth from the Trojans to the host of the well-greaved Achaeans. For they are of that stock wherefrom Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, gave to Tros recompense for his son Ganymedes, for that they were the best of all horses that are beneath the dawn and the sun. Of this stock the king of men Anchises stole a breed, putting his mares to them while Laomedon knew naught thereof. And from these a stock of six was born him in his palace; four he kept himself and reared at the stall, and the other two he gave to Aeneas, devisers of rout.215.1 Could we but take these twain, we should win us goodly renown.
μή τι φόβον δʼ ἀγόρευʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ σὲ πεισέμεν οἴω. οὐ γάρ μοι γενναῖον ἀλυσκάζοντι μάχεσθαι οὐδὲ καταπτώσσειν· ἔτι μοι μένος ἔμπεδόν ἐστιν· ὀκνείω δʼ ἵππων ἐπιβαινέμεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὔτως ἀντίον εἶμʼ αὐτῶν· τρεῖν μʼ οὐκ ἐᾷ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη. τούτω δʼ οὐ πάλιν αὖτις ἀποίσετον ὠκέες ἵπποι ἄμφω ἀφʼ ἡμείων, εἴ γʼ οὖν ἕτερός γε φύγῃσιν. ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν· αἴ κέν μοι πολύβουλος Ἀθήνη κῦδος ὀρέξῃ ἀμφοτέρω κτεῖναι, σὺ δὲ τούσδε μὲν ὠκέας ἵππους αὐτοῦ ἐρυκακέειν ἐξ ἄντυγος ἡνία τείνας, Αἰνείαο δʼ ἐπαΐξαι μεμνημένος ἵππων, ἐκ δʼ ἐλάσαι Τρώων μετʼ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς. τῆς γάρ τοι γενεῆς ἧς Τρωΐ περ εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς δῶχʼ υἷος ποινὴν Γανυμήδεος, οὕνεκʼ ἄριστοι ἵππων ὅσσοι ἔασιν ὑπʼ ἠῶ τʼ ἠέλιόν τε, τῆς γενεῆς ἔκλεψεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγχίσης λάθρῃ Λαομέδοντος ὑποσχὼν θήλεας ἵππους· τῶν οἱ ἓξ ἐγένοντο ἐνὶ μεγάροισι γενέθλη. τοὺς μὲν τέσσαρας αὐτὸς ἔχων ἀτίταλλʼ ἐπὶ φάτνῃ, τὼ δὲ δύʼ Αἰνείᾳ δῶκεν μήστωρε φόβοιο. εἰ τούτω κε λάβοιμεν, ἀροίμεθά κε κλέος ἐσθλόν.
Lattimore commentary
Ganymede, on account of his surpassing beauty, was taken by the gods to serve on Olympos as Zeus’ wine-pourer (as Aineias explains in 20.234). The divine horses given as compensation to the boy’s father Tros were passed down to Tros’ grandson Laomedon. Anchises, the father of Aineias, was the son of Laomedon’s cousin.
Lines 320–334
the commands that Diomedes good at the war-cry laid upon him. He held his own single-hooved horses away from the turmoil, binding the reins taut to the chariot rim, but rushed upon the fair-maned horses of Aeneas, and drave them forth from the Trojans into the host of the well-greaved Achaeans, and gave them to Deïpylus his dear comrade, whom he honoured above all the companions of his youth, because he was like-minded with himself; him he bade drive them to the hollow ships. Then did the warrior mount his own car and take the bright reins, and straightway drive his stout-hooved horses in eager quest of Tydeus' son. He the while had gone in pursuit of Cypris with his pitiless bronze, discerning that she was a weakling goddess, and not one of those that lord it in the battle of warriors,—no Athene she, nor Enyo, sacker of cities. But when he had come upon her as he pursued her through the great throng,
τάων ἃς ἐπέτελλε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης, ἀλλʼ γε τοὺς μὲν ἑοὺς ἠρύκακε μώνυχας ἵππους νόσφιν ἀπὸ φλοίσβου ἐξ ἄντυγος ἡνία τείνας, Αἰνείαο δʼ ἐπαΐξας καλλίτριχας ἵππους ἐξέλασε Τρώων μετʼ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς. δῶκε δὲ Δηϊπύλῳ ἑτάρῳ φίλῳ, ὃν περὶ πάσης τῖεν ὁμηλικίης ὅτι οἱ φρεσὶν ἄρτια ᾔδη, νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐλαυνέμεν· αὐτὰρ γʼ ἥρως ὧν ἵππων ἐπιβὰς ἔλαβʼ ἡνία σιγαλόεντα, αἶψα δὲ Τυδεΐδην μέθεπε κρατερώνυχας ἵππους ἐμμεμαώς· δὲ Κύπριν ἐπῴχετο νηλέϊ χαλκῷ γιγνώσκων τʼ ἄναλκις ἔην θεός, οὐδὲ θεάων τάων αἵ τʼ ἀνδρῶν πόλεμον κάτα κοιρανέουσιν, οὔτʼ ἄρʼ Ἀθηναίη οὔτε πτολίπορθος Ἐνυώ. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐκίχανε πολὺν καθʼ ὅμιλον ὀπάζων,
Dione to Aphrodite · divine
Lines 382–415
So suffered Ares, when Otus and mighty Ephialtes, the sons of Aloeus, bound him in cruel bonds, and in a brazen jar he lay bound for thirteen months; and then would Ares, insatiate of war, have perished, had not the stepmother of the sons of Aloeus, the beauteous Eëriboea, brought tidings unto Hermes; and he stole forth Ares, that was now sore distressed, for his grievous bonds were overpowering him. So suffered Hera, when the mighty son of Amphitryon smote her on the right breast with a three-barbed arrow; then upon her too came pain that might in no wise be assuaged. And so suffered monstrous Hades even as the rest a bitter arrow, when this same man, the son of Zeus that beareth the aegis, smote him in Pylos amid the dead, and gave him over to pains. But he went to the house of Zeus and to high Olympus with grief at heart, pierced through with pains; for into his mighty shoulder had the shaft been driven, and distressed his soul. But Paeëon spread thereon simples that slay pain, and healed him; for verily he was in no wise of mortal mould. Rash man, worker of violence, that recked not of his evil deeds, seeing that with his arrows he vexed the gods that hold Olympus. And upon thee has the goddess, flashing-eyed Athene, set this man—fool that he is; for the heart of Tydeus' son knoweth not this, that verily he endureth not for long who fighteth with the immortals, nor do his children prattle about his knees when he is come back from war and the dread conflict. Wherefore now let Tydeus' son, for all he is so mighty, beware lest one better than thou fight against him, lest in sooth Aegialeia, the daughter of Adrastus, passing wise, wake from sleep with her long lamentings all her household, as she wails for her wedded husband, the best man of the Achaeans, even she, the stately wife of horse-taming Diomedes.
τέτλαθι τέκνον ἐμόν, καὶ ἀνάσχεο κηδομένη περ· πολλοὶ γὰρ δὴ τλῆμεν Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες ἐξ ἀνδρῶν χαλέπʼ ἄλγεʼ ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισι τιθέντες. τλῆ μὲν Ἄρης ὅτε μιν Ὦτος κρατερός τʼ Ἐφιάλτης παῖδες Ἀλωῆος, δῆσαν κρατερῷ ἐνὶ δεσμῷ· χαλκέῳ δʼ ἐν κεράμῳ δέδετο τρισκαίδεκα μῆνας· καί νύ κεν ἔνθʼ ἀπόλοιτο Ἄρης ἆτος πολέμοιο, εἰ μὴ μητρυιὴ περικαλλὴς Ἠερίβοια Ἑρμέᾳ ἐξήγγειλεν· δʼ ἐξέκλεψεν Ἄρηα ἤδη τειρόμενον, χαλεπὸς δέ δεσμὸς ἐδάμνα. τλῆ δʼ Ἥρη, ὅτε μιν κρατερὸς πάϊς Ἀμφιτρύωνος δεξιτερὸν κατὰ μαζὸν ὀϊστῷ τριγλώχινι βεβλήκει· τότε καί μιν ἀνήκεστον λάβεν ἄλγος. τλῆ δʼ Ἀΐδης ἐν τοῖσι πελώριος ὠκὺν ὀϊστόν, εὖτέ μιν ωὐτὸς ἀνὴρ υἱὸς Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο ἐν Πύλῳ ἐν νεκύεσσι βαλὼν ὀδύνῃσιν ἔδωκεν· αὐτὰρ βῆ πρὸς δῶμα Διὸς καὶ μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον κῆρ ἀχέων ὀδύνῃσι πεπαρμένος· αὐτὰρ ὀϊστὸς ὤμῳ ἔνι στιβαρῷ ἠλήλατο, κῆδε δὲ θυμόν. τῷ δʼ ἐπὶ Παιήων ὀδυνήφατα φάρμακα πάσσων ἠκέσατʼ· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι καταθνητός γε τέτυκτο. σχέτλιος ὀβριμοεργὸς ὃς οὐκ ὄθετʼ αἴσυλα ῥέζων, ὃς τόξοισιν ἔκηδε θεοὺς οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσι. σοὶ δʼ ἐπὶ τοῦτον ἀνῆκε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη· νήπιος, οὐδὲ τὸ οἶδε κατὰ φρένα Τυδέος υἱὸς ὅττι μάλʼ οὐ δηναιὸς ὃς ἀθανάτοισι μάχηται, οὐδέ τί μιν παῖδες ποτὶ γούνασι παππάζουσιν ἐλθόντʼ ἐκ πολέμοιο καὶ αἰνῆς δηϊοτῆτος. τὼ νῦν Τυδεΐδης, εἰ καὶ μάλα καρτερός ἐστι, φραζέσθω μή τίς οἱ ἀμείνων σεῖο μάχηται, μὴ δὴν Αἰγιάλεια περίφρων Ἀδρηστίνη ἐξ ὕπνου γοόωσα φίλους οἰκῆας ἐγείρῃ κουρίδιον ποθέουσα πόσιν τὸν ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν ἰφθίμη ἄλοχος Διομήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο.
Lattimore commentary
There is a slightly comic tinge to Dione’s catalogue, since immortals will only be discomforted, not die. The gigantic sons of Aloeus are more famous for their attempt to pile Mount Pelion onto Mount Ossa to reach the sky and dislodge the gods. The son of Amphitryon is Herakles; the two woundings attributed to him are otherwise unattested. Pylos (397) could refer to the home of Nestor (which Herakles attacked: see 11.689), for which Hades may have been acting as protector. Related to pylê, “gate,” the city seems to have been known as an entrance to the underworld. Paiëon is in book 5 (and at Od. 4.232) a separate, minor divinity of healing. (The name is old, attested as pajawone on Linear B tablets from Knossos.) The name in Classical Greek becomes a title for Apollo; already in epic (1.473, e. g.) as a common noun, it denotes a song of thanksgiving (for healing?) dedicated to Apollo—the “paean.”
Lines 493–507
and brandishing his two sharp spears went everywhere throughout the host, urging men to fight, and roused the dread din of battle. So they rallied and took their stand with their faces towards the Achaeans; and the Argives in close throng abode their coming and fled not. And even as the wind carrieth chaff about the sacred threshing-floors of men that are winnowing, when fair-haired Demeter amid the driving blasts of wind separates the grain from the chaff, and the heaps of chaff grow white; even so now did the Achaeans grow white over head and shoulders beneath the cloud of dust that through the midst of the warriors the hooves of their horses beat up to the brazen heaven, as the fight was joined again; and the charioteers wheeled round. The might of their hands they bare straight forward, and about the battle furious Ares drew a veil of night to aid the Trojans, ranging everywhere; so fulfilled he the behest of Phoebus Apollo of the golden sword, who bade him
ὣς φάτο Σαρπηδών, δάκε δὲ φρένας Ἕκτορι μῦθος· αὐτίκα δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων σὺν τεύχεσιν ἆλτο χαμᾶζε, πάλλων δʼ ὀξέα δοῦρα κατὰ στρατὸν ᾤχετο πάντῃ ὀτρύνων μαχέσασθαι, ἔγειρε δὲ φύλοπιν αἰνήν. οἳ δʼ ἐλελίχθησαν καὶ ἐναντίοι ἔσταν Ἀχαιῶν· Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ὑπέμειναν ἀολλέες οὐδὲ φόβηθεν. ὡς δʼ ἄνεμος ἄχνας φορέει ἱερὰς κατʼ ἀλωὰς ἀνδρῶν λικμώντων, ὅτε τε ξανθὴ Δημήτηρ κρίνῃ ἐπειγομένων ἀνέμων καρπόν τε καὶ ἄχνας, αἳ δʼ ὑπολευκαίνονται ἀχυρμιαί· ὣς τότʼ Ἀχαιοὶ λευκοὶ ὕπερθε γένοντο κονισάλῳ, ὅν ῥα διʼ αὐτῶν οὐρανὸν ἐς πολύχαλκον ἐπέπληγον πόδες ἵππων ἂψ ἐπιμισγομένων· ὑπὸ δʼ ἔστρεφον ἡνιοχῆες. οἳ δὲ μένος χειρῶν ἰθὺς φέρον· ἀμφὶ δὲ νύκτα θοῦρος Ἄρης ἐκάλυψε μάχῃ Τρώεσσιν ἀρήγων
Lines 670–683
of the enduring soul was ware of it, and his spirit waxed furious within him; and he pondered then in heart and soul whether he should pursue further after the son of Zeus that thundereth aloud, or should rather take the lives of more Lycians. But not for great-hearted Odysseus was it ordained to slay with the sharp bronze the valiant son of Zeus; wherefore Athene turned his mind toward the host of the Lycians. Then slew he Coeranus and Alastor and Chromius and Alcandrus and Halius and Noëmon and Prytanis; and yet more of the Lycians would goodly Odysseus have slain, but that great Hector of the flashing helm was quick to see, and strode through the foremost fighters harnessed in flaming bronze, bringing terror to the Danaans.
τλήμονα θυμὸν ἔχων, μαίμησε δέ οἱ φίλον ἦτορ· μερμήριξε δʼ ἔπειτα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν προτέρω Διὸς υἱὸν ἐριγδούποιο διώκοι, γε τῶν πλεόνων Λυκίων ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο. οὐδʼ ἄρʼ Ὀδυσσῆϊ μεγαλήτορι μόρσιμον ἦεν ἴφθιμον Διὸς υἱὸν ἀποκτάμεν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ· τώ ῥα κατὰ πληθὺν Λυκίων τράπε θυμὸν Ἀθήνη. ἔνθʼ γε Κοίρανον εἷλεν Ἀλάστορά τε Χρομίον τε Ἄλκανδρόν θʼ Ἅλιόν τε Νοήμονά τε Πρύτανίν τε. καί νύ κʼ ἔτι πλέονας Λυκίων κτάνε δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς εἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ὀξὺ νόησε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ· βῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ δεῖμα φέρων Δαναοῖσι· χάρη δʼ ἄρα οἱ προσιόντι Σαρπηδὼν Διὸς υἱός, ἔπος δʼ ὀλοφυδνὸν ἔειπε·
Lines 61–66
planted his heel on his chest, and drew forth the ashen spear. Then Nestor shouted aloud, and called to the Argives: My friends, Danaan warriors, squires of Ares, let no man now abide behind in eager desire for spoil, that he may come to the ships bearing the greatest store;nay, let us slay the men; thereafter in peace shall ye strip the armour from the corpses that lie dead over the plain.
ὣς εἰπὼν ἔτρεψεν ἀδελφειοῦ φρένας ἥρως αἴσιμα παρειπών· δʼ ἀπὸ ἕθεν ὤσατο χειρὶ ἥρωʼ Ἄδρηστον· τὸν δὲ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων οὖτα κατὰ λαπάρην· δʼ ἀνετράπετʼ, Ἀτρεΐδης δὲ λὰξ ἐν στήθεσι βὰς ἐξέσπασε μείλινον ἔγχος. Νέστωρ δʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·
Lines 232–246
seeing he made exchange of armour with Diomedes, son of Tydeus, giving golden for bronze, the worth of an hundred oxen for the worth of nine. But when Hector was come to the Scaean gate and the oak-tree, round about him came running the wives and daughters of the Trojans asking of their sons and brethren and friends and husbands. But he thereupon bade them make prayer to the gods, all of them in turn; yet over many were sorrows hung. But when he was now come to the beauteous palace of Priam, adorned with polished colonnades —and in it were fifty chambers of polished stone, built each hard by the other; therein the sons of Priam were wont to sleep beside their wedded wives; and for his daughters over against them on the opposite side within the court were twelve roofed chambers of polished stone, built each hard by the other;
ὣς ἄρα φωνήσαντε καθʼ ἵππων ἀΐξαντε χεῖράς τʼ ἀλλήλων λαβέτην καὶ πιστώσαντο· ἔνθʼ αὖτε Γλαύκῳ Κρονίδης φρένας ἐξέλετο Ζεύς, ὃς πρὸς Τυδεΐδην Διομήδεα τεύχεʼ ἄμειβε χρύσεα χαλκείων, ἑκατόμβοιʼ ἐννεαβοίων. Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὡς Σκαιάς τε πύλας καὶ φηγὸν ἵκανεν, ἀμφʼ ἄρα μιν Τρώων ἄλοχοι θέον ἠδὲ θύγατρες εἰρόμεναι παῖδάς τε κασιγνήτους τε ἔτας τε καὶ πόσιας· δʼ ἔπειτα θεοῖς εὔχεσθαι ἀνώγει πάσας ἑξείης· πολλῇσι δὲ κήδεʼ ἐφῆπτο. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Πριάμοιο δόμον περικαλλέʼ ἵκανε ξεστῇς αἰθούσῃσι τετυγμένον· αὐτὰρ ἐν αὐτῷ πεντήκοντʼ ἔνεσαν θάλαμοι ξεστοῖο λίθοιο πλησίον ἀλλήλων δεδμημένοι, ἔνθα δὲ παῖδες κοιμῶντο Πριάμοιο παρὰ μνηστῇς ἀλόχοισι,
Lines 264–285
lest thou cripple me, and I be forgetful of my might and my valour; moreover with hands unwashen I have awe to pour libation of flaming wine to Zeus; nor may it in any wise be that a man should make prayer to the son of Cronos, lord of the dark clouds, all befouled with blood and filth. Nay, do thou go to the temple of Athene, driver of the spoil, with burnt-offerings, when thou hast gathered together the aged wives; and the robe that seemeth to thee the fairest and amplest in thy hall, and that is dearest far to thine own self, this do thou lay upon the knees of fair-haired Athene and vow to her that thou wilt sacrifice in her temple twelve sleek heifers that have not felt the goad, if she will take pity on Troy and the Trojans' wives and their little children; in hope she may hold back the son of Tydeus from sacred Ilios, that savage spearman, a mighty deviser of rout. So go thou to the temple of Athene, driver of the spoil; and I will go after Paris, to summon him, if haply he will hearken to my bidding. Would that the earth might straightway gape for him! for in grievous wise hath the Olympian reared him as a bane to the Trojans and to great-hearted Priam, and the sons of Priam. If I but saw him going down to the house of Hades, then might I deem that my heart had forgotten its woe.
μή μοι οἶνον ἄειρε μελίφρονα πότνια μῆτερ, μή μʼ ἀπογυιώσῃς μένεος, ἀλκῆς τε λάθωμαι· χερσὶ δʼ ἀνίπτοισιν Διὶ λείβειν αἴθοπα οἶνον ἅζομαι· οὐδέ πῃ ἔστι κελαινεφέϊ Κρονίωνι αἵματι καὶ λύθρῳ πεπαλαγμένον εὐχετάασθαι. ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν πρὸς νηὸν Ἀθηναίης ἀγελείης ἔρχεο σὺν θυέεσσιν ἀολλίσσασα γεραιάς· πέπλον δʼ, ὅς τίς τοι χαριέστατος ἠδὲ μέγιστος ἔστιν ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ καί τοι πολὺ φίλτατος αὐτῇ, τὸν θὲς Ἀθηναίης ἐπὶ γούνασιν ἠϋκόμοιο, καί οἱ ὑποσχέσθαι δυοκαίδεκα βοῦς ἐνὶ νηῷ ἤνις ἠκέστας ἱερευσέμεν, αἴ κʼ ἐλεήσῃ ἄστύ τε καὶ Τρώων ἀλόχους καὶ νήπια τέκνα, αἴ κεν Τυδέος υἱὸν ἀπόσχῃ Ἰλίου ἱρῆς ἄγριον αἰχμητὴν κρατερὸν μήστωρα φόβοιο. ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν πρὸς νηὸν Ἀθηναίης ἀγελείης ἔρχευ, ἐγὼ δὲ Πάριν μετελεύσομαι ὄφρα καλέσσω αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσʼ εἰπόντος ἀκουέμεν· ὥς κέ οἱ αὖθι γαῖα χάνοι· μέγα γάρ μιν Ὀλύμπιος ἔτρεφε πῆμα Τρωσί τε καὶ Πριάμῳ μεγαλήτορι τοῖό τε παισίν. εἰ κεῖνόν γε ἴδοιμι κατελθόντʼ Ἄϊδος εἴσω φαίην κε φρένʼ ἀτέρπου ὀϊζύος ἐκλελαθέσθαι.
Lines 441–465
always and to fight amid the foremost Trojans, striving to win my father's great glory and mine own. For of a surety know I this in heart and soul: the day shall come when sacred Ilios shall be laid low, and Priam, and the people of Priam with goodly spear of ash. Yet not so much doth the grief of the Trojans that shall be in the aftertime move me, neither Hecabe's own, nor king Priam's, nor my brethren's, many and brave, who then shall fall in the dust beneath the hands of their foemen, as doth thy grief, when some brazen-coated Achaean shall lead thee away weeping and rob thee of thy day of freedom. Then haply in Argos shalt thou ply the loom at another s bidding, or bear water from Messeis or Hypereia, sorely against thy will, and strong necessity shall be laid upon thee. And some man shall say as he beholdeth thee weeping: Lo, the wife of Hector, that was pre-eminent in war above all the horse-taming Trojans, in the day when men fought about Ilios. So shall one say; and to thee shall come fresh grief in thy lack of a man like me to ward off the day of bondage. But let me be dead, and let the heaped-up earth cover me, ere I hear thy cries as they hale thee into captivity.
καὶ ἐμοὶ τάδε πάντα μέλει γύναι· ἀλλὰ μάλʼ αἰνῶς αἰδέομαι Τρῶας καὶ Τρῳάδας ἑλκεσιπέπλους, αἴ κε κακὸς ὣς νόσφιν ἀλυσκάζω πολέμοιο· οὐδέ με θυμὸς ἄνωγεν, ἐπεὶ μάθον ἔμμεναι ἐσθλὸς αἰεὶ καὶ πρώτοισι μετὰ Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι ἀρνύμενος πατρός τε μέγα κλέος ἠδʼ ἐμὸν αὐτοῦ. εὖ γὰρ ἐγὼ τόδε οἶδα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν· ἔσσεται ἦμαρ ὅτʼ ἄν ποτʼ ὀλώλῃ Ἴλιος ἱρὴ καὶ Πρίαμος καὶ λαὸς ἐϋμμελίω Πριάμοιο. ἀλλʼ οὔ μοι Τρώων τόσσον μέλει ἄλγος ὀπίσσω, οὔτʼ αὐτῆς Ἑκάβης οὔτε Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος οὔτε κασιγνήτων, οἵ κεν πολέες τε καὶ ἐσθλοὶ ἐν κονίῃσι πέσοιεν ὑπʼ ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσιν, ὅσσον σεῦ, ὅτε κέν τις Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων δακρυόεσσαν ἄγηται ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ ἀπούρας· καί κεν ἐν Ἄργει ἐοῦσα πρὸς ἄλλης ἱστὸν ὑφαίνοις, καί κεν ὕδωρ φορέοις Μεσσηΐδος Ὑπερείης πόλλʼ ἀεκαζομένη, κρατερὴ δʼ ἐπικείσετʼ ἀνάγκη· καί ποτέ τις εἴπῃσιν ἰδὼν κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσαν· Ἕκτορος ἥδε γυνὴ ὃς ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι Τρώων ἱπποδάμων ὅτε Ἴλιον ἀμφεμάχοντο. ὥς ποτέ τις ἐρέει· σοὶ δʼ αὖ νέον ἔσσεται ἄλγος χήτεϊ τοιοῦδʼ ἀνδρὸς ἀμύνειν δούλιον ἦμαρ. ἀλλά με τεθνηῶτα χυτὴ κατὰ γαῖα καλύπτοι πρίν γέ τι σῆς τε βοῆς σοῦ θʼ ἑλκηθμοῖο πυθέσθαι.
Lattimore commentary
As often in the poem, Hektor easily articulates images and remarks set in the future. His fear for his wife’s status as a Greek slave is exacerbated by the way he imagines it reflecting back on his own heroic status. This psychologically apt speech shifts through many tones: professions of shame and desire for glory, his affection for his wife even over his blood kin, his realization of Troy’s impending doom. More than any words, the image of Hektor removing his helmet to calm his baby captures the pathos of his imminent death while defending his family.
Lines 476–481
and may he bear the blood-stained spoils of the foeman he hath slain, and may his mother's heart wax glad.
Ζεῦ ἄλλοι τε θεοὶ δότε δὴ καὶ τόνδε γενέσθαι παῖδʼ ἐμὸν ὡς καὶ ἐγώ περ ἀριπρεπέα Τρώεσσιν, ὧδε βίην τʼ ἀγαθόν, καὶ Ἰλίου ἶφι ἀνάσσειν· καί ποτέ τις εἴποι πατρός γʼ ὅδε πολλὸν ἀμείνων ἐκ πολέμου ἀνιόντα· φέροι δʼ ἔναρα βροτόεντα κτείνας δήϊον ἄνδρα, χαρείη δὲ φρένα μήτηρ.
Lines 120–123
So spake the warrior and turned his brother's mind, for he counselled aright; and Menelaus obeyed. Then with gladness his squires took his armour from his shoulders; and Nestor rose up and spake amid the Argives: Fie upon you! In good sooth is great grief come upon the land of Achaea.Verily aloud would old Peleus groan, the driver of chariots, goodly counsellor, and orator of the Myrmidons, who on a time questioned me in his own house, and rejoiced greatly as he asked of the lineage and birth of all the Argives. If he were to hear that these were now all cowering before Hectorthen would he lift up his hands to the immortals in instant prayer that his soul might depart from his limbs into the house of Hades.
ὣς εἰπὼν παρέπεισεν ἀδελφειοῦ φρένας ἥρως αἴσιμα παρειπών, δʼ ἐπείθετο· τοῦ μὲν ἔπειτα γηθόσυνοι θεράποντες ἀπʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἕλοντο· Νέστωρ δʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἀνίστατο καὶ μετέειπεν·
Lines 357–364
then of a surety have the gods themselves destroyed thy wits. Howbeit I will speak amid the gathering of horse-taming Trojans and declare outright: my wife will I not give back; but the treasure that I brought from Argos to our home, all this am I minded to give, and to add thereto from mine own store.
Ἀντῆνορ σὺ μὲν οὐκέτʼ ἐμοὶ φίλα ταῦτʼ ἀγορεύεις· οἶσθα καὶ ἄλλον μῦθον ἀμείνονα τοῦδε νοῆσαι. εἰ δʼ ἐτεὸν δὴ τοῦτον ἀπὸ σπουδῆς ἀγορεύεις, ἐξ ἄρα δή τοι ἔπειτα θεοὶ φρένας ὤλεσαν αὐτοί. αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ Τρώεσσι μεθʼ ἱπποδάμοις ἀγορεύσω· ἀντικρὺ δʼ ἀπόφημι γυναῖκα μὲν οὐκ ἀποδώσω· κτήματα δʼ ὅσσʼ ἀγόμην ἐξ Ἄργεος ἡμέτερον δῶ πάντʼ ἐθέλω δόμεναι καὶ οἴκοθεν ἄλλʼ ἐπιθεῖναι.
Lines 112–126
and the other twain mounted both upon the car of Diomedes. Nestor took in his hands the shining reins, and touched the horses with the lash, and speedily they drew nigh to Hector. Upon him then as he charged straight at them the son of Tydeus made a cast: him he missed, but his squire that drave the chariot, Eniopeus, son of Thebaeus, high of heart, even as he was holding the reins, he smote on the breast beside the nipple. So he fell from out the car, and the swift-footed horses swerved aside thereat; and there his spirit and his strength were undone. Then was the soul of Hector clouded with dread sorrow for his charioteer. Yet left he him to lie there, albeit he sorrowed for his comrade, and sought him a bold charioteer; nor did his horses twain long lack a master, for straightway he found Iphitus' son, bold Archeptolemus, and made him mount behind his swift-footed horses, and gave the reins into his hands.
ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ. Νεστορέας μὲν ἔπειθʼ ἵππους θεράποντε κομείτην ἴφθιμοι Σθένελός τε καὶ Εὐρυμέδων ἀγαπήνωρ. τὼ δʼ εἰς ἀμφοτέρω Διομήδεος ἅρματα βήτην· Νέστωρ δʼ ἐν χείρεσσι λάβʼ ἡνία σιγαλόεντα, μάστιξεν δʼ ἵππους· τάχα δʼ Ἕκτορος ἄγχι γένοντο. τοῦ δʼ ἰθὺς μεμαῶτος ἀκόντισε Τυδέος υἱός· καὶ τοῦ μέν ῥʼ ἀφάμαρτεν, δʼ ἡνίοχον θεράποντα υἱὸν ὑπερθύμου Θηβαίου Ἠνιοπῆα ἵππων ἡνίʼ ἔχοντα βάλε στῆθος παρὰ μαζόν. ἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, ὑπερώησαν δέ οἱ ἵπποι ὠκύποδες· τοῦ δʼ αὖθι λύθη ψυχή τε μένος τε. Ἕκτορα δʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος πύκασε φρένας ἡνιόχοιο· τὸν μὲν ἔπειτʼ εἴασε καὶ ἀχνύμενός περ ἑταίρου κεῖσθαι, δʼ ἡνίοχον μέθεπε θρασύν· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτι δὴν
Lines 167–172
and thrice from the mountains of Ida Zeus the counsellor thundered, giving to the Trojans a sign and victory to turn the tide of battle. And Hector shouted aloud and called to the Trojans: Ye Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians, that fight in close combat, be men, my friends, and bethink you of furious valour.I perceive that of a ready heart the son of Cronos hath given unto me victory and great glory, and to the Danaans woe. Fools they are, that contrived forsooth these walls, weak and of none account; these shall not withhold our might, and our horses shall lightly leap over the digged ditch.But when I be at length come amid the hollow ships, then see ye that consuming fire be not forgotten, that with fire I may burn the ships and furthermore slay the men, even the Argives beside their ships, distraught by reason of the smoke. So saying he shouted to his horses, and said: Xanthus, and thou Podargus, and Aethon, and goodly Lampus,now pay me back your tending wherewith in abundance Andromache, daughter of great-hearted Eëtion, set before you honey-hearted wheat, and mingled wine for you to drink when your souls bade you,sooner than for me, that avow me to be her stalwart husband. Nay, haste ye in pursuit, that we may take the shield of Nestor, the fame whereof now reacheth unto heaven, that it is all of gold, the rods alike and the shield itself; and may take moreover from the shoulders of horse-taming Diomedeshis breastplate richly-dight, which Hephaestus wrought with toil. Could we but take these twain, then might I hope to make the Achaeans this very night embark upon their swift ships.
ὣς φάτο, Τυδεΐδης δὲ διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν ἵππους τε στρέψαι καὶ ἐναντίβιον μαχέσασθαι. τρὶς μὲν μερμήριξε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν, τρὶς δʼ ἄρʼ ἀπʼ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων κτύπε μητίετα Ζεὺς σῆμα τιθεὶς Τρώεσσι μάχης ἑτεραλκέα νίκην. Ἕκτωρ δὲ Τρώεσσιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·
Hera to Poseidon · divine
Lines 201–207
For did we but will, all we that are aiders of the Danaans, to drive back the Trojans and to withhold Zeus whose voice is borne afar, then, in vexation of spirit, would he sit alone there upon Ida.
πόποι ἐννοσίγαιʼ εὐρυσθενές, οὐδέ νυ σοί περ ὀλλυμένων Δαναῶν ὀλοφύρεται ἐν φρεσὶ θυμός. οἳ δέ τοι εἰς Ἑλίκην τε καὶ Αἰγὰς δῶρʼ ἀνάγουσι πολλά τε καὶ χαρίεντα· σὺ δέ σφισι βούλεο νίκην. εἴ περ γάρ κʼ ἐθέλοιμεν, ὅσοι Δαναοῖσιν ἀρωγοί, Τρῶας ἀπώσασθαι καὶ ἐρυκέμεν εὐρύοπα Ζῆν, αὐτοῦ κʼ ἔνθʼ ἀκάχοιτο καθήμενος οἶος ἐν Ἴδῃ.
Lines 212–226
huddled together: and huddled they were by Hector, Priam's son, the peer of swift Ares, now that Zeus vouchsafed him glory. And now would he have burned the shapely ships with blazing fire, had not queenly Hera put it in Agamemnon's mind himself to bestir him, and speedily rouse on the Achaeans. So he went his way along the huts and ships of the Achaeans, bearing his great purple cloak in his stout hand, and took his stand by Odysseus' black ship, huge of hull, that was in the midst so that a shout could reach to either end, both to the huts of Aias, son of Telamon, and to those of Achilles; for these had drawn up their shapely ships at the furthermost ends, trusting in their valour and in the strength of their hands. There uttered he a piercing shout, calling aloud to the Danaans: Fie, ye Argives, base things of shame fair in semblance only.Whither are gone our boastings, when forsooth we declared that we were bravest, the boasts that when ye were in Lemnos ye uttered vaingloriously as ye ate abundant flesh of straight-horned kine and drank bowls brim full of wine, saying that each man would stand to face in battle an hundred, aye, two hundred Trojans! whereas now can we match not even one,this Hector, that soon will burn our ships with blazing fire. Father Zeus, was there ever ere now one among mighty kings whose soul thou didst blind with blindness such as this, and rob him of great glory? Yet of a surety do I deem that never in my benched ship did I pass by fair altar of thine on my ill-starred way hither,but upon all I burned the fat and the thighs of bulls, in my eagerness to lay waste well-walled Troy. Nay, Zeus, this desire fulfill thou me: ourselves at least do thou suffer to flee and escape, and permit not the Achaeans thus to be vanquished by the Trojans.
ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον· τῶν δʼ ὅσον ἐκ νηῶν ἀπὸ πύργου τάφρος ἔεργε πλῆθεν ὁμῶς ἵππων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν ἀσπιστάων εἰλομένων· εἴλει δὲ θοῷ ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ Ἕκτωρ Πριαμίδης, ὅτε οἱ Ζεὺς κῦδος ἔδωκε. καί νύ κʼ ἐνέπρησεν πυρὶ κηλέῳ νῆας ἐΐσας, εἰ μὴ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκʼ Ἀγαμέμνονι πότνια Ἥρη αὐτῷ ποιπνύσαντι θοῶς ὀτρῦναι Ἀχαιούς. βῆ δʼ ἰέναι παρά τε κλισίας καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν πορφύρεον μέγα φᾶρος ἔχων ἐν χειρὶ παχείῃ, στῆ δʼ ἐπʼ Ὀδυσσῆος μεγακήτεϊ νηῒ μελαίνῃ, ῥʼ ἐν μεσσάτῳ ἔσκε γεγωνέμεν ἀμφοτέρωσε, ἠμὲν ἐπʼ Αἴαντος κλισίας Τελαμωνιάδαο ἠδʼ ἐπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος, τοί ῥʼ ἔσχατα νῆας ἐΐσας εἴρυσαν, ἠνορέῃ πίσυνοι καὶ κάρτεϊ χειρῶν·
Lattimore commentary
The configuration of ships mirrors the character of the leaders: Odysseus, the master of compromise, is midway between the powerful individualists with a taste for isolation, Aias and Achilleus.
Lines 315–329
and there his spirit and his strength were undone. Then was the soul of Hector clouded with dread sorrow for his charioteer. Yet left he him to lie there, though he sorrowed for his comrade, and bade Cebriones, his own brother, that was nigh at hand, take the reins of the horses; and he heard and failed not to hearken. And himself Hector leapt to the ground from his gleaming car crying a terrible cry, and seizing a stone in his hand made right at Teucer, and his heart bade him smite him. Now Teucer had drawn forth from the quiver a bitter arrow, and laid it upon the string, but even as he was drawing it back Hector of the flashing helm smote him beside the shoulder where the collar-bone parts the neck and the breast, where is the deadliest spot; even there as he aimed eagerly against him he smote him with the jagged stone, and he brake the bow-string; but his hand grew numb at the wrist, and he sank upon his knees and thus abode, and the bow fell from his hand.
ὠκύποδες· τοῦ δʼ αὖθι λύθη ψυχή τε μένος τε. Ἕκτορα δʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος πύκασε φρένας ἡνιόχοιο· τὸν μὲν ἔπειτʼ εἴασε καὶ ἀχνύμενός περ ἑταίρου, Κεβριόνην δʼ ἐκέλευσεν ἀδελφεὸν ἐγγὺς ἐόντα ἵππων ἡνίʼ ἑλεῖν· δʼ ἄρʼ οὐκ ἀπίθησεν ἀκούσας. αὐτὸς δʼ ἐκ δίφροιο χαμαὶ θόρε παμφανόωντος σμερδαλέα ἰάχων· δὲ χερμάδιον λάβε χειρί, βῆ δʼ ἰθὺς Τεύκρου, βαλέειν δέ θυμὸς ἀνώγει. ἤτοι μὲν φαρέτρης ἐξείλετο πικρὸν ὀϊστόν, θῆκε δʼ ἐπὶ νευρῇ· τὸν δʼ αὖ κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ αὐερύοντα παρʼ ὦμον, ὅθι κληῒς ἀποέργει αὐχένα τε στῆθός τε, μάλιστα δὲ καίριόν ἐστι, τῇ ῥʼ ἐπὶ οἷ μεμαῶτα βάλεν λίθῳ ὀκριόεντι, ῥῆξε δέ οἱ νευρήν· νάρκησε δὲ χεὶρ ἐπὶ καρπῷ, στῆ δὲ γνὺξ ἐριπών, τόξον δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε χειρός.
Lines 413–424
For on this wise he threateneth, even as he will bring it to pass: he will maim your swift horses beneath your chariot, and yourselves will he hurl from out the car, and will break in pieces the chariot; nor in the space of ten circling years shall ye heal you of the wounds wherewith the thunderbolt shall smite you; that thou mayest know, thou of the flashing eyes, what it is to strive against thine own father. But against Hera hath he not so great indignation nor wrath, seeing she is ever wont to thwart him in whatsoe'er he hath decreed. But most dread art thou, thou bold and shameless thing, if in good sooth thou wilt dare to raise thy mighty spear against Zeus.
πῇ μέματον; τί σφῶϊν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μαίνεται ἦτορ; οὐκ ἐάᾳ Κρονίδης ἐπαμυνέμεν Ἀργείοισιν. ὧδε γὰρ ἠπείλησε Κρόνου πάϊς, τελέει περ, γυιώσειν μὲν σφῶϊν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους, αὐτὰς δʼ ἐκ δίφρου βαλέειν κατά θʼ ἅρματα ἄξειν· οὐδέ κεν ἐς δεκάτους περιτελλομένους ἐνιαυτοὺς ἕλκεʼ ἀπαλθήσεσθον, κεν μάρπτῃσι κεραυνός· ὄφρα ἰδῇς γλαυκῶπι ὅτʼ ἂν σῷ πατρὶ μάχηαι. Ἥρῃ δʼ οὔ τι τόσον νεμεσίζεται οὐδὲ χολοῦται· αἰεὶ γάρ οἱ ἔωθεν ἐνικλᾶν ὅττι κεν εἴπῃ· ἀλλὰ σύ γʼ αἰνοτάτη κύον ἀδεὲς εἰ ἐτεόν γε τολμήσεις Διὸς ἄντα πελώριον ἔγχος ἀεῖραι.
Lattimore commentary
Iris adds tags on her own insult to what she has been commanded to say. It is unclear whether the goddesses intend to attack Zeus himself, or this is just the chief god’s anxiety. At any rate, Hera’s judgment that saving humans is not worth causing divine conflict—a frequent theme—calms the rebellion.
Lines 432–446
and leaned the chariot against the bright entrance wall; and the goddesses sate them down upon golden thrones amid the other gods, with sore grief at heart. But father Zeus drave from Ida his well-wheeled chariot and his horses unto Olympus, and came to the session of the gods. And for him the famed Shaker of Earth both unyoked his horses and set the car upon a stand, and spread thereover a cloth; and Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, himself sat upon his throne of gold, and beneath his feet great Olympus quaked. Only Athene and Hera sat apart from Zeus, and spake no word to him nor made question. But he knew in his heart and spake, saying: Why are ye thus grieved, Athene and Hera? Surely ye twain be not grown weary with making havoc of the Trojans in battle, wherein men win glory, seeing ye cherish against them wondrous hate!Come what will, seeing I have such might and hands irresistible, all the gods that are in Olympus could not turn me; and for you twain, trembling gat hold of your glorious limbs or ever ye had sight of war and the grim deeds of war. For thus will I speak, and verily this thing had been brought to pass:not upon your car, once ye were smitten by the thunderbolt, would ye have fared back to Olympus, where is the abode of the immortals. So spake he, and thereat murmured Athene and Hera, that sat by his side and were devising ills for the Trojans. Athene verily held her peace and said naught,
ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα πάλιν τρέπε μώνυχας ἵππους· τῇσιν δʼ Ὧραι μὲν λῦσαν καλλίτριχας ἵππους, καὶ τοὺς μὲν κατέδησαν ἐπʼ ἀμβροσίῃσι κάπῃσιν, ἅρματα δʼ ἔκλιναν πρὸς ἐνώπια παμφανόωντα· αὐταὶ δὲ χρυσέοισιν ἐπὶ κλισμοῖσι κάθιζον μίγδʼ ἄλλοισι θεοῖσι, φίλον τετιημέναι ἦτορ. Ζεὺς δὲ πατὴρ Ἴδηθεν ἐΰτροχον ἅρμα καὶ ἵππους Οὔλυμπον δὲ δίωκε, θεῶν δʼ ἐξίκετο θώκους. τῷ δὲ καὶ ἵππους μὲν λῦσε κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος, ἅρματα δʼ ἂμ βωμοῖσι τίθει κατὰ λῖτα πετάσσας· αὐτὸς δὲ χρύσειον ἐπὶ θρόνον εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς ἕζετο, τῷ δʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶ μέγας πελεμίζετʼ Ὄλυμπος. αἳ δʼ οἶαι Διὸς ἀμφὶς Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη ἥσθην, οὐδέ τί μιν προσεφώνεον οὐδʼ ἐρέοντο· αὐτὰρ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φώνησέν τε·
Lines 557–565
even in such multitudes between the ships and the streams of Xanthus shone the fires that the Trojans kindled before the face of Ilios. A thousand fires were burning in the plain and by each sat fifty men in the glow of the blazing fire. And their horses, eating of white barley and spelt, stood beside the cars and waited for fair-throned Dawn.
ἔκ τʼ ἔφανεν πᾶσαι σκοπιαὶ καὶ πρώονες ἄκροι καὶ νάπαι· οὐρανόθεν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπερράγη ἄσπετος αἰθήρ, πάντα δὲ εἴδεται ἄστρα, γέγηθε δέ τε φρένα ποιμήν· τόσσα μεσηγὺ νεῶν ἠδὲ Ξάνθοιο ῥοάων Τρώων καιόντων πυρὰ φαίνετο Ἰλιόθι πρό. χίλιʼ ἄρʼ ἐν πεδίῳ πυρὰ καίετο, πὰρ δὲ ἑκάστῳ εἴατο πεντήκοντα σέλᾳ πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο. ἵπποι δὲ κρῖ λευκὸν ἐρεπτόμενοι καὶ ὀλύρας ἑσταότες παρʼ ὄχεσφιν ἐΰθρονον Ἠῶ μίμνον.
Lines 115–161
Old sir, in no false wise hast thou recounted the tale of my blind folly. Blind I was, myself I deny it not. Of the worth of many hosts is the man whom Zeus loveth in his heart, even as now he honoureth this man and destroyeth the host of the Achaeans. Yet seeing I was blind, and yielded to my miserable passion,I am minded to make amends and to give requital past counting. In the midst of you all let me name the glorious gifts; seven tripods that the fire hath not touched, and ten talents of gold and twenty gleaming cauldrons, and twelve strong horses, winners in the race, that have won prizes by their fleetness.Not without booty were a man, nor unpossessed of precious gold, whoso had wealth as great as the prizes my single-hooved steeds have won me. And I will give seven women skilled in goodly handiwork, women of Lesbos, whom on the day when himself took well-built Lesbos I chose me from out the spoil,and that in beauty surpass all women folk. These will I give him, and amid them shall be she that then I took away, the daughter of Briseus; and I will furthermore swear a great oath that never went I up into her bed neither had dalliance with her as is the appointed way of mankind, even of men and women.All these things shall be ready to his hand forthwith; and if hereafter it so be the gods grant us to lay waste the great city of Priam, let him then enter in, what time we Achaeans be dividing the spoil, and heap up his ship with store of gold and bronze, and himself choose twenty Trojan womenthat be fairest after Argive Helen. And if we return to Achaean Argos, the richest of lands, he shall be my son, and I will honour him even as Orestes that is reared in all abundance, my son well-beloved. Three daughters have I in my well-builded hall,Chrysothemis, and Laodice, and Iphianassa; of these let him lead to the house of Peleus which one he will, without gifts of wooing, and I will furthermore give a dower full rich, such as no man ever yet gave with his daughter. And seven well-peopled cities will I give him,Cardamyle Enope, and grassy Hire, and sacred Pherae and Antheia with deep meadows, and fair Aepeia and vine-clad Pedasus. All are nigh to the sea, on the uttermost border of sandy Pylos, and in them dwell men rich in flocks and rich in kine,men that shall honour him with gifts as though he were a god, and beneath his sceptre shall bring his ordinances to prosperous fulfillment. All this will I bring to pass for him, if he but cease from his wrath. Let him yield—Hades, I ween, is not to be soothed, neither overcome, wherefore he is most hated by mortals of all gods.And let him submit himself unto me, seeing I am more kingly, and avow me his elder in years. I am minded to make amends and to give requital past counting. In the midst of you all let me name the glorious gifts; seven tripods that the fire hath not touched, and ten talents of gold and twenty gleaming cauldrons, and twelve strong horses, winners in the race, that have won prizes by their fleetness. Not without booty were a man, nor unpossessed of precious gold, whoso had wealth as great as the prizes my single-hooved steeds have won me. And I will give seven women skilled in goodly handiwork, women of Lesbos, whom on the day when himself took well-built Lesbos I chose me from out the spoil, and that in beauty surpass all women folk. These will I give him, and amid them shall be she that then I took away, the daughter of Briseus; and I will furthermore swear a great oath that never went I up into her bed neither had dalliance with her as is the appointed way of mankind, even of men and women. All these things shall be ready to his hand forthwith; and if hereafter it so be the gods grant us to lay waste the great city of Priam, let him then enter in, what time we Achaeans be dividing the spoil, and heap up his ship with store of gold and bronze, and himself choose twenty Trojan women that be fairest after Argive Helen. And if we return to Achaean Argos, the richest of lands, he shall be my son, and I will honour him even as Orestes that is reared in all abundance, my son well-beloved. Three daughters have I in my well-builded hall, Chrysothemis, and Laodice, and Iphianassa; of these let him lead to the house of Peleus which one he will, without gifts of wooing, and I will furthermore give a dower full rich, such as no man ever yet gave with his daughter. And seven well-peopled cities will I give him, Cardamyle Enope, and grassy Hire, and sacred Pherae and Antheia with deep meadows, and fair Aepeia and vine-clad Pedasus. All are nigh to the sea, on the uttermost border of sandy Pylos, and in them dwell men rich in flocks and rich in kine, men that shall honour him with gifts as though he were a god, and beneath his sceptre shall bring his ordinances to prosperous fulfillment. All this will I bring to pass for him, if he but cease from his wrath. Let him yield—Hades, I ween, is not to be soothed, neither overcome, wherefore he is most hated by mortals of all gods. And let him submit himself unto me, seeing I am more kingly, and avow me his elder in years.
γέρον οὔ τι ψεῦδος ἐμὰς ἄτας κατέλεξας· ἀασάμην, οὐδʼ αὐτὸς ἀναίνομαι. ἀντί νυ πολλῶν λαῶν ἐστὶν ἀνὴρ ὅν τε Ζεὺς κῆρι φιλήσῃ, ὡς νῦν τοῦτον ἔτισε, δάμασσε δὲ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν. ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ ἀασάμην φρεσὶ λευγαλέῃσι πιθήσας, ἂψ ἐθέλω ἀρέσαι δόμεναί τʼ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα. ὑμῖν δʼ ἐν πάντεσσι περικλυτὰ δῶρʼ ὀνομήνω ἕπτʼ ἀπύρους τρίποδας, δέκα δὲ χρυσοῖο τάλαντα, αἴθωνας δὲ λέβητας ἐείκοσι, δώδεκα δʼ ἵππους πηγοὺς ἀθλοφόρους, οἳ ἀέθλια ποσσὶν ἄροντο. οὔ κεν ἀλήϊος εἴη ἀνὴρ τόσσα γένοιτο, οὐδέ κεν ἀκτήμων ἐριτίμοιο χρυσοῖο, ὅσσά μοι ἠνείκαντο ἀέθλια μώνυχες ἵπποι. δώσω δʼ ἑπτὰ γυναῖκας ἀμύμονα ἔργα ἰδυίας Λεσβίδας, ἃς ὅτε Λέσβον ἐϋκτιμένην ἕλεν αὐτὸς ἐξελόμην, αἳ κάλλει ἐνίκων φῦλα γυναικῶν. τὰς μέν οἱ δώσω, μετὰ δʼ ἔσσεται ἣν τότʼ ἀπηύρων κούρη Βρισῆος· ἐπὶ δὲ μέγαν ὅρκον ὀμοῦμαι μή ποτε τῆς εὐνῆς ἐπιβήμεναι ἠδὲ μιγῆναι, θέμις ἀνθρώπων πέλει ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ γυναικῶν. ταῦτα μὲν αὐτίκα πάντα παρέσσεται· εἰ δέ κεν αὖτε ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο θεοὶ δώωσʼ ἀλαπάξαι, νῆα ἅλις χρυσοῦ καὶ χαλκοῦ νηησάσθω εἰσελθών, ὅτε κεν δατεώμεθα ληΐδʼ Ἀχαιοί, Τρωϊάδας δὲ γυναῖκας ἐείκοσιν αὐτὸς ἑλέσθω, αἴ κε μετʼ Ἀργείην Ἑλένην κάλλισται ἔωσιν. εἰ δέ κεν Ἄργος ἱκοίμεθʼ Ἀχαιϊκὸν οὖθαρ ἀρούρης γαμβρός κέν μοι ἔοι· τίσω δέ μιν ἶσον Ὀρέστῃ, ὅς μοι τηλύγετος τρέφεται θαλίῃ ἔνι πολλῇ. τρεῖς δέ μοί εἰσι θύγατρες ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ εὐπήκτῳ Χρυσόθεμις καὶ Λαοδίκη καὶ Ἰφιάνασσα, τάων ἥν κʼ ἐθέλῃσι φίλην ἀνάεδνον ἀγέσθω πρὸς οἶκον Πηλῆος· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐπὶ μείλια δώσω πολλὰ μάλʼ, ὅσσʼ οὔ πώ τις ἑῇ ἐπέδωκε θυγατρί· ἑπτὰ δέ οἱ δώσω εὖ ναιόμενα πτολίεθρα Καρδαμύλην Ἐνόπην τε καὶ Ἱρὴν ποιήεσσαν Φηράς τε ζαθέας ἠδʼ Ἄνθειαν βαθύλειμον καλήν τʼ Αἴπειαν καὶ Πήδασον ἀμπελόεσσαν. πᾶσαι δʼ ἐγγὺς ἁλός, νέαται Πύλου ἠμαθόεντος· ἐν δʼ ἄνδρες ναίουσι πολύρρηνες πολυβοῦται, οἵ κέ δωτίνῃσι θεὸν ὣς τιμήσουσι καί οἱ ὑπὸ σκήπτρῳ λιπαρὰς τελέουσι θέμιστας. ταῦτά κέ οἱ τελέσαιμι μεταλήξαντι χόλοιο. δμηθήτω· Ἀΐδης τοι ἀμείλιχος ἠδʼ ἀδάμαστος, τοὔνεκα καί τε βροτοῖσι θεῶν ἔχθιστος ἁπάντων· καί μοι ὑποστήτω ὅσσον βασιλεύτερός εἰμι ἠδʼ ὅσσον γενεῇ προγενέστερος εὔχομαι εἶναι.
Lattimore commentary
“Gifts in abundance” translates a more technical phrase (apereisi’ apoina: “unbounded compensation”) that is appropriate for ransom (cf. the same phrase in 1.13), but not to describe what should be punitive damages demanded by the aggrieved party and recognizing guilt on the part of the giver. (For the latter, poinê “expiation” is the proper term.) The crucial difference in attitude can explain Achilleus’ refusal. See D. Wilson, Ransom, Revenge, and Heroic Identity in the Iliad (Cambridge, 2002). Another indication of the surpassing wealth and power of Agamemnon is that his territories extend to Pylos. The seven towns mentioned differ from the nine listed as ruled by Nestor in the Catalogue of Ships (2.591–602), and may reflect a real Mykenaian-era political division between “near” and “far” Pylian territories.
Lines 225–306
Hail, O Achilles, of the equal feast have we no stinting, either in the hut of Agamemnon, son of Atreus, or now in thine; for here is abundance that satisfies the heart to feast withal. Yet matters of the delicious feast are not in our thoughts, nay, Zeus-nurtured one, it is utter ruin that we behold, and are afraid;for it is in doubt whether we save the benched ships or they perish, except thou clothe thee in thy might. Hard by the ships and the wall have the Trojans, high of heart, and their far-famed allies set their bivouac, and kindled many fires throughout the host, and they deem that they shall no more be stayed,but will fall upon our black ships.399.1 And Zeus, son of Cronos, shows them signs upon the right with his lightnings, and Hector exulting greatly in his might rageth furiously, trusting in Zeus, and recketh not of men nor gods, for mighty madness hath possessed him.His prayer is that with all speed sacred Dawn may appear, for he declareth that he will hew from the ships' sterns the topmost ensigns, and burn the very hulls with consuming fire, and amidst them make havoc of the Achaeans, distraught by reason of the smoke. for it is in doubt whether we save the benched ships or they perish, except thou clothe thee in thy might. Hard by the ships and the wall have the Trojans, high of heart, and their far-famed allies set their bivouac, and kindled many fires throughout the host, and they deem that they shall no more be stayed, but will fall upon our black ships.399.1 And Zeus, son of Cronos, shows them signs upon the right with his lightnings, and Hector exulting greatly in his might rageth furiously, trusting in Zeus, and recketh not of men nor gods, for mighty madness hath possessed him. His prayer is that with all speed sacred Dawn may appear, for he declareth that he will hew from the ships' sterns the topmost ensigns, and burn the very hulls with consuming fire, and amidst them make havoc of the Achaeans, distraught by reason of the smoke. perish here in Troy, far from horse-pasturing Argos. Nay, up then, if thou art minded even at the last to save from the war-din of the Trojans the sons of the Achaeans, that are sore bested. To thine own self shall sorrow be hereafter, nor can healing be found for ill once wrought—nay, rather, ere it be too late bethink thee how thou mayest ward from the Danaans the day of evil. Good friend, surely it was to thee that thy father Peleus gave command on the day when he sent thee to Agamemnon forth from Phthia: ‘My son, strength shall Athene and Hera give thee if they be so minded, but do thou curb thy proud spirit in thy breast, for gentle-mindedness is the better part; and withdraw thee from strife, contriver of mischief, that so the Argives both young and old may honour thee the more.’ On this wise did that old man charge thee, but thou forgettest. Yet do thou lease even now, and put from thee thy bitter wrath. To thee Agamemnon offereth worthy gifts, so thou wilt cease from thine anger. Nay come, hearken thou to me, and I will tell the tale of all the gifts that in his hut Agamemnon promised thee: seven tripods, that the fire hath not touched, and ten talents of gold and twenty gleaming cauldrons, and twelve strong horses, winners in the race that have won prizes by their fleetness. Not without booty were a man nor unpossessed of precious gold, whoso had wealth as great as the prizes Agamemnon's horses have won by their speed. And he will give seven women skilled in goodly handiwork, women of Lesbos, whom on the day when thou thyself tookest well-built Lesbos he chose him from the spoil, and that in beauty surpassed all women folk. These will he give thee, and amid them shall be she whom he then took away, the daughter of Briseus; and he will furthermore swear a great oath, that never went he up into her bed, neither had dalliance with her, as is the appointed way, O king, of men and women. All these things shall be ready to thy hand forthwith; and if hereafter it so be the gods grant us to lay waste the great city of Priam, do thou then enter in, what time we Achaeans be dividing the spoil, and heap up thy ship with store of gold and bronze, and thyself choose twenty Trojan women that be fairest after Argive Helen. And if we return to Achaean Argos, richest of lands, thou shalt be his son, and he will honour thee even as Orestes, that is reared in all abundance, his son well-beloved. full rich, such as no man ever yet gave with his daughter. And seven well-peopled cities will he give thee, Cardamyle, Enope, and grassy Hire, and sacred Pherae, and Antheia, with deep meadows, and fair Aipeia, and vine-clad Pedasus. All are nigh the sea, on the uttermost borders of sandy Pylos, and in them dwell men rich in flocks and rich in kine, men that shall honour thee with gifts as though thou wert a god, and beneath thy sceptre shall bring thy ordinances to prosperous fulfillment. All this will he bring to pass for thee, if thou but cease from thy wrath. But if the son of Atreus be too utterly hated by thee at heart, himself and his gifts, yet have thou pity at least on the rest of the Achaeans, that are sore bested throughout the host; these shall honour thee as though thou wert a god, for verily shalt thou win great glory in their eyes. Now mightest thou slay Hector, seeing he would come very nigh thee in his baneful rage, for he deemeth there is no man like unto him among the Danaans that the ships brought hither.
χαῖρʼ Ἀχιλεῦ· δαιτὸς μὲν ἐΐσης οὐκ ἐπιδευεῖς ἠμὲν ἐνὶ κλισίῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο ἠδὲ καὶ ἐνθάδε νῦν, πάρα γὰρ μενοεικέα πολλὰ δαίνυσθʼ· ἀλλʼ οὐ δαιτὸς ἐπηράτου ἔργα μέμηλεν, ἀλλὰ λίην μέγα πῆμα διοτρεφὲς εἰσορόωντες δείδιμεν· ἐν δοιῇ δὲ σαωσέμεν ἀπολέσθαι νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους, εἰ μὴ σύ γε δύσεαι ἀλκήν. ἐγγὺς γὰρ νηῶν καὶ τείχεος αὖλιν ἔθεντο Τρῶες ὑπέρθυμοι τηλεκλειτοί τʼ ἐπίκουροι κηάμενοι πυρὰ πολλὰ κατὰ στρατόν, οὐδʼ ἔτι φασὶ σχήσεσθʼ, ἀλλʼ ἐν νηυσὶ μελαίνῃσιν πεσέεσθαι. Ζεὺς δέ σφι Κρονίδης ἐνδέξια σήματα φαίνων ἀστράπτει· Ἕκτωρ δὲ μέγα σθένεϊ βλεμεαίνων μαίνεται ἐκπάγλως πίσυνος Διί, οὐδέ τι τίει ἀνέρας οὐδὲ θεούς· κρατερὴ δέ λύσσα δέδυκεν. ἀρᾶται δὲ τάχιστα φανήμεναι Ἠῶ δῖαν· στεῦται γὰρ νηῶν ἀποκόψειν ἄκρα κόρυμβα αὐτάς τʼ ἐμπρήσειν μαλεροῦ πυρός, αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς δῃώσειν παρὰ τῇσιν ὀρινομένους ὑπὸ καπνοῦ. ταῦτʼ αἰνῶς δείδοικα κατὰ φρένα, μή οἱ ἀπειλὰς ἐκτελέσωσι θεοί, ἡμῖν δὲ δὴ αἴσιμον εἴη φθίσθαι ἐνὶ Τροίῃ ἑκὰς Ἄργεος ἱπποβότοιο. ἀλλʼ ἄνα εἰ μέμονάς γε καὶ ὀψέ περ υἷας Ἀχαιῶν τειρομένους ἐρύεσθαι ὑπὸ Τρώων ὀρυμαγδοῦ. αὐτῷ τοι μετόπισθʼ ἄχος ἔσσεται, οὐδέ τι μῆχος ῥεχθέντος κακοῦ ἔστʼ ἄκος εὑρεῖν· ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρὶν φράζευ ὅπως Δαναοῖσιν ἀλεξήσεις κακὸν ἦμαρ. πέπον μὲν σοί γε πατὴρ ἐπετέλλετο Πηλεὺς ἤματι τῷ ὅτε σʼ ἐκ Φθίης Ἀγαμέμνονι πέμπε· τέκνον ἐμὸν κάρτος μὲν Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη δώσουσʼ αἴ κʼ ἐθέλωσι, σὺ δὲ μεγαλήτορα θυμὸν ἴσχειν ἐν στήθεσσι· φιλοφροσύνη γὰρ ἀμείνων· ληγέμεναι δʼ ἔριδος κακομηχάνου, ὄφρά σε μᾶλλον τίωσʼ Ἀργείων ἠμὲν νέοι ἠδὲ γέροντες. ὣς ἐπέτελλʼ γέρων, σὺ δὲ λήθεαι· ἀλλʼ ἔτι καὶ νῦν παύεʼ, ἔα δὲ χόλον θυμαλγέα· σοὶ δʼ Ἀγαμέμνων ἄξια δῶρα δίδωσι μεταλήξαντι χόλοιο. εἰ δὲ σὺ μέν μευ ἄκουσον, ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω ὅσσά τοι ἐν κλισίῃσιν ὑπέσχετο δῶρʼ Ἀγαμέμνων· ἕπτʼ ἀπύρους τρίποδας, δέκα δὲ χρυσοῖο τάλαντα, αἴθωνας δὲ λέβητας ἐείκοσι, δώδεκα δʼ ἵππους πηγοὺς ἀθλοφόρους, οἳ ἀέθλια ποσσὶν ἄροντο. οὔ κεν ἀλήϊος εἴη ἀνὴρ τόσσα γένοιτο οὐδέ κεν ἀκτήμων ἐριτίμοιο χρυσοῖο, ὅσσʼ Ἀγαμέμνονος ἵπποι ἀέθλια ποσσὶν ἄροντο. δώσει δʼ ἑπτὰ γυναῖκας ἀμύμονα ἔργα ἰδυίας Λεσβίδας, ἃς ὅτε Λέσβον ἐϋκτιμένην ἕλες αὐτὸς ἐξέλεθʼ, αἳ τότε κάλλει ἐνίκων φῦλα γυναικῶν. τὰς μέν τοι δώσει, μετὰ δʼ ἔσσεται ἣν τότʼ ἀπηύρα κούρη Βρισῆος· ἐπὶ δὲ μέγαν ὅρκον ὀμεῖται μή ποτε τῆς εὐνῆς ἐπιβήμεναι ἠδὲ μιγῆναι θέμις ἐστὶν ἄναξ ἤτʼ ἀνδρῶν ἤτε γυναικῶν. ταῦτα μὲν αὐτίκα πάντα παρέσσεται· εἰ δέ κεν αὖτε ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο θεοὶ δώωσʼ ἀλαπάξαι, νῆα ἅλις χρυσοῦ καὶ χαλκοῦ νηήσασθαι εἰσελθών, ὅτε κεν δατεώμεθα ληΐδʼ Ἀχαιοί, Τρωϊάδας δὲ γυναῖκας ἐείκοσιν αὐτὸς ἑλέσθαι, αἵ κε μετʼ Ἀργείην Ἑλένην κάλλισται ἔωσιν. εἰ δέ κεν Ἄργος ἱκοίμεθʼ Ἀχαιϊκὸν οὖθαρ ἀρούρης γαμβρός κέν οἱ ἔοις· τίσει δέ σε ἶσον Ὀρέστῃ, ὅς οἱ τηλύγετος τρέφεται θαλίῃ ἔνι πολλῇ. τρεῖς δέ οἵ εἰσι θύγατρες ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ εὐπήκτῳ Χρυσόθεμις καὶ Λαοδίκη καὶ Ἰφιάνασσα, τάων ἥν κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα φίλην ἀνάεδνον ἄγεσθαι πρὸς οἶκον Πηλῆος· δʼ αὖτʼ ἐπὶ μείλια δώσει πολλὰ μάλʼ, ὅσσʼ οὔ πώ τις ἑῇ ἐπέδωκε θυγατρί· ἑπτὰ δέ τοι δώσει εὖ ναιόμενα πτολίεθρα Καρδαμύλην Ἐνόπην τε καὶ Ἱρὴν ποιήεσσαν Φηράς τε ζαθέας ἠδʼ Ἄνθειαν βαθύλειμον καλήν τʼ Αἴπειαν καὶ Πήδασον ἀμπελόεσσαν. πᾶσαι δʼ ἐγγὺς ἁλός, νέαται Πύλου ἠμαθόεντος· ἐν δʼ ἄνδρες ναίουσι πολύρρηνες πολυβοῦται, οἵ κέ σε δωτίνῃσι θεὸν ὣς τιμήσουσι καί τοι ὑπὸ σκήπτρῳ λιπαρὰς τελέουσι θέμιστας. ταῦτά κέ τοι τελέσειε μεταλήξαντι χόλοιο. εἰ δέ τοι Ἀτρεΐδης μὲν ἀπήχθετο κηρόθι μᾶλλον αὐτὸς καὶ τοῦ δῶρα, σὺ δʼ ἄλλους περ Παναχαιοὺς τειρομένους ἐλέαιρε κατὰ στρατόν, οἵ σε θεὸν ὣς τίσουσʼ· γάρ κέ σφι μάλα μέγα κῦδος ἄροιο· νῦν γάρ χʼ Ἕκτορʼ ἕλοις, ἐπεὶ ἂν μάλα τοι σχεδὸν ἔλθοι λύσσαν ἔχων ὀλοήν, ἐπεὶ οὔ τινά φησιν ὁμοῖον οἷ ἔμεναι Δαναῶν οὓς ἐνθάδε νῆες ἔνεικαν.
Lattimore commentary
Having tried appeals to comradeship and to self-interest, Odysseus finally adds a quotation, said to be from Achilleus’ father, designed to shame the hero into giving up his anger. Instead of repeating Agamemnon’s words at this point (cf. 158–61), Odysseus diplomatically substitutes a plea that Achilleus have compassion for his companions, despite his ongoing hatred for Agamemnon. Achilleus, in turn, may be describing his preference for straight talk (312) by mentioning his detestation of the man who hides realities; he could also be indirectly blaming Odysseus himself, as if his concealment of Agamemnon’s exact words had been obvious.
Lines 607–619
abideth in my breast and my knees are quick. And another thing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart; seek not to confound my spirit by weeping and sorrowing, to do the pleasure of the warrior, son of Atreus; it beseemeth thee not to cherish him, lest thou be hated of me that cherish thee. Well were it that with me thou shouldest vex him whosoever vexeth me. Be thou king even as I am, and share the half of my honour. Howbeit these shall bear my message, but abide thou here and lay thee down on a soft couch, and at break of day we will take counsel whether to return to our own or to tarry here.
Φοῖνιξ ἄττα γεραιὲ διοτρεφὲς οὔ τί με ταύτης χρεὼ τιμῆς· φρονέω δὲ τετιμῆσθαι Διὸς αἴσῃ, μʼ ἕξει παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν εἰς κʼ ἀϋτμὴ ἐν στήθεσσι μένῃ καί μοι φίλα γούνατʼ ὀρώρῃ. ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσι· μή μοι σύγχει θυμὸν ὀδυρόμενος καὶ ἀχεύων Ἀτρεΐδῃ ἥρωϊ φέρων χάριν· οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ τὸν φιλέειν, ἵνα μή μοι ἀπέχθηαι φιλέοντι. καλόν τοι σὺν ἐμοὶ τὸν κήδειν ὅς κʼ ἐμὲ κήδῃ· ἶσον ἐμοὶ βασίλευε καὶ ἥμισυ μείρεο τιμῆς. οὗτοι δʼ ἀγγελέουσι, σὺ δʼ αὐτόθι λέξεο μίμνων εὐνῇ ἔνι μαλακῇ· ἅμα δʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφι φρασσόμεθʼ κε νεώμεθʼ ἐφʼ ἡμέτερʼ κε μένωμεν.
Lines 131–140
And he grasped a mighty spear, tipped with sharp bronze, and went his way among the ships of the brazen-coated Achaeans. Then Odysseus first, the peer of Zeus in counsel, did the horseman, Nestor of Gerenia, awaken out of sleep with his voice, and forthwith the call rang all about his mind and he came forth from the hut and spake to them, saying: How is it that ye fare thus alone by the ships throughout the camp in the immortal night? What need so great hath come upon you? Then made answer to him the horseman, Nestor of Gerenia: Zeus-born son of Laërtes, Odysseus of many wiles,be not thou wroth, for great sorrow hath overmastered the Achaeans. Nay, follow, that we may arouse another also, whomsoever it behoveth to take counsel, whether to flee or to fight. So spake he, and Odysseus of many wiles went to the hut and cast about his shoulders a shield richly dight, and followed after them.
ὣς εἰπὼν ἔνδυνε περὶ στήθεσσι χιτῶνα, ποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρα χλαῖναν περονήσατο φοινικόεσσαν διπλῆν ἐκταδίην, οὔλη δʼ ἐπενήνοθε λάχνη. εἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμον ἔγχος ἀκαχμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ, βῆ δʼ ἰέναι κατὰ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων. πρῶτον ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆα Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντον ἐξ ὕπνου ἀνέγειρε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ φθεγξάμενος· τὸν δʼ αἶψα περὶ φρένας ἤλυθʼ ἰωή, ἐκ δʼ ἦλθε κλισίης καί σφεας πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε·
Lines 227–233
fain was the son of Atreus, Menelaus, famed for his spear, and fain too was the stead-fast Odysseus to steal into the throng of the Trojans, for ever daring was the spirit in his breast. Then among them spake the king of men, Agamemnon: Diomedes, son of Tydeus, dear to my heart,that man shalt thou choose as thy comrade, whomsoever thou wilt, the best of them that offer themselves, for many are eager. And do not thou out of reverent heart leave the better man behind, and take as thy comrade one that is worse, yielding to reverence, and looking to birth, nay, not though one be more kingly.
ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἔθελον Διομήδεϊ πολλοὶ ἕπεσθαι. ἠθελέτην Αἴαντε δύω θεράποντες Ἄρηος, ἤθελε Μηριόνης, μάλα δʼ ἤθελε Νέστορος υἱός, ἤθελε δʼ Ἀτρεΐδης δουρικλειτὸς Μενέλαος, ἤθελε δʼ τλήμων Ὀδυσεὺς καταδῦναι ὅμιλον Τρώων· αἰεὶ γάρ οἱ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θυμὸς ἐτόλμα. τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·
Lines 234–239
that man shalt thou choose as thy comrade, whomsoever thou wilt, the best of them that offer themselves, for many are eager. And do not thou out of reverent heart leave the better man behind, and take as thy comrade one that is worse, yielding to reverence, and looking to birth, nay, not though one be more kingly.
Τυδεΐδη Διόμηδες ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ τὸν μὲν δὴ ἕταρόν γʼ αἱρήσεαι ὅν κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα, φαινομένων τὸν ἄριστον, ἐπεὶ μεμάασί γε πολλοί. μηδὲ σύ γʼ αἰδόμενος σῇσι φρεσὶ τὸν μὲν ἀρείω καλλείπειν, σὺ δὲ χείρονʼ ὀπάσσεαι αἰδοῖ εἴκων ἐς γενεὴν ὁρόων, μηδʼ εἰ βασιλεύτερός ἐστιν.
Lines 497–508
smiting them with his bow, for he had not thought to take in his hands the bright whip from the richly dight car; and he whistled to give a sign to goodly Diomedes. and draw it out by the pole, or lift it on high and so bear it forth, or whether he should rather take the lives of yet more Thracians. The while he was pondering this in heart, even then Athene drew nigh and spake to goodly Diomedes: Bethink thee now of returning, son of great-souled Tydeus,to the hollow ships, lest thou go thither in full flight, and haply some other god rouse up the Trojans. So spake she, and he knew the voice of the goddess as she spoke, and swiftly mounted the horses; and Odysseus smote them with his bow, and they sped toward the swift ships of the Achaeans.
τὴν νύκτʼ Οἰνεΐδαο πάϊς διὰ μῆτιν Ἀθήνης. τόφρα δʼ ἄρʼ τλήμων Ὀδυσεὺς λύε μώνυχας ἵππους, σὺν δʼ ἤειρεν ἱμᾶσι καὶ ἐξήλαυνεν ὁμίλου τόξῳ ἐπιπλήσσων, ἐπεὶ οὐ μάστιγα φαεινὴν ποικίλου ἐκ δίφροιο νοήσατο χερσὶν ἑλέσθαι· ῥοίζησεν δʼ ἄρα πιφαύσκων Διομήδεϊ δίῳ. αὐτὰρ μερμήριζε μένων τι κύντατον ἕρδοι, γε δίφρον ἑλών, ὅθι ποικίλα τεύχεʼ ἔκειτο, ῥυμοῦ ἐξερύοι ἐκφέροι ὑψόσʼ ἀείρας, ἔτι τῶν πλεόνων Θρῃκῶν ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο. εἷος ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα, τόφρα δʼ Ἀθήνη ἐγγύθεν ἱσταμένη προσέφη Διομήδεα δῖον·
Lines 533–539
The sound of swift-footed horses strikes upon mine ears. I would that Odysseus and the valiant Diomedes may even thus speedily have driven forth from among the Trojans single-hooved horses; but wondrously do I fear at heart lest those bravest of the Argives have suffered some ill through the battle din of the Trojans.
φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες ψεύσομαι, ἔτυμον ἐρέω; κέλεται δέ με θυμός. ἵππων μʼ ὠκυπόδων ἀμφὶ κτύπος οὔατα βάλλει. αἲ γὰρ δὴ Ὀδυσεύς τε καὶ κρατερὸς Διομήδης ὧδʼ ἄφαρ ἐκ Τρώων ἐλασαίατο μώνυχας ἵππους· ἀλλʼ αἰνῶς δείδοικα κατὰ φρένα μή τι πάθωσιν Ἀργείων οἳ ἄριστοι ὑπὸ Τρώων ὀρυμαγδοῦ.
Lines 76–90
Howbeit of them the father recked not; but aloof from the others he sat apart exulting in his glory, looking upon the city of the Trojans, and the ships of the Achaeans, on the flashing of the bronze, and on the slayers and the slain. so long the missiles of either side struck home, and the folk kept falling; but at the hour when a woodman maketh ready his meal in the glades of a mountain, when his arms are grown tired with felling tall trees, and weariness cometh upon his soul, and desire of sweet food seizeth his heart, even then the Danaans by their valour brake the battalions, calling to their fellows through the lines. And among them Agamemnon rushed forth the first and slew a warrior, Bienor, shepherd of the host,—himself and after him his comrade, Oïleus, driver of horses. Oïleus verily leapt down from his chariot and stood and faced him,
σφοῖσιν ἐνὶ μεγάροισι καθήατο, ἧχι ἑκάστῳ δώματα καλὰ τέτυκτο κατὰ πτύχας Οὐλύμποιο. πάντες δʼ ᾐτιόωντο κελαινεφέα Κρονίωνα οὕνεκʼ ἄρα Τρώεσσιν ἐβούλετο κῦδος ὀρέξαι. τῶν μὲν ἄρʼ οὐκ ἀλέγιζε πατήρ· δὲ νόσφι λιασθεὶς τῶν ἄλλων ἀπάνευθε καθέζετο κύδεϊ γαίων εἰσορόων Τρώων τε πόλιν καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοῦ τε στεροπήν, ὀλλύντάς τʼ ὀλλυμένους τε. ὄφρα μὲν ἠὼς ἦν καὶ ἀέξετο ἱερὸν ἦμαρ, τόφρα μάλʼ ἀμφοτέρων βέλεʼ ἥπτετο, πῖπτε δὲ λαός· ἦμος δὲ δρυτόμος περ ἀνὴρ ὁπλίσσατο δεῖπνον οὔρεος ἐν βήσσῃσιν, ἐπεί τʼ ἐκορέσσατο χεῖρας τάμνων δένδρεα μακρά, ἅδος τέ μιν ἵκετο θυμόν, σίτου τε γλυκεροῖο περὶ φρένας ἵμερος αἱρεῖ, τῆμος σφῇ ἀρετῇ Δαναοὶ ῥήξαντο φάλαγγας
Lattimore commentary
The simile of the woodcutter imaginatively transforms the chaos of battle into ordered, necessary labor, with its own life-sustaining rewards.
Lines 411–425
and he cometh forth from the deep thicket, whetting his white tusks in his curving jaws, and they charge upon him on either side, and thereat ariseth the sound of the gnashing of tusks; but forthwith they abide his onset, how dread soever he be; even so then around Odysseus, dear to Zeus, did the Trojans press. But first he smote peerless Deïopites from above in the shoulder, leaping upon him with sharp spear; and thereafter he slew Thoön and Eunomus, and then Chersidamas as he leapt down from his car he stabbed with his spear upon the navel beneath his bossed shield; and he fell in the dust and clutched the ground with his palm. These then he let be, but smote Charops, son of Hippasus, with a thrust of his spear, even the own brother of wealthy Socus. And to bear him aid came Socus, a godlike man; close to Odysseus he came, and took his stand, and he spake, saying:
εἷος ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν, τόφρα δʼ ἐπὶ Τρώων στίχες ἤλυθον ἀσπιστάων, ἔλσαν δʼ ἐν μέσσοισι, μετὰ σφίσι πῆμα τιθέντες. ὡς δʼ ὅτε κάπριον ἀμφὶ κύνες θαλεροί τʼ αἰζηοὶ σεύωνται, δέ τʼ εἶσι βαθείης ἐκ ξυλόχοιο θήγων λευκὸν ὀδόντα μετὰ γναμπτῇσι γένυσσιν, ἀμφὶ δέ τʼ ἀΐσσονται, ὑπαὶ δέ τε κόμπος ὀδόντων γίγνεται, οἳ δὲ μένουσιν ἄφαρ δεινόν περ ἐόντα, ὥς ῥα τότʼ ἀμφʼ Ὀδυσῆα Διῒ φίλον ἐσσεύοντο Τρῶες· δὲ πρῶτον μὲν ἀμύμονα Δηϊοπίτην οὔτασεν ὦμον ὕπερθεν ἐπάλμενος ὀξέϊ δουρί, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα Θόωνα καὶ Ἔννομον ἐξενάριξε. Χερσιδάμαντα δʼ ἔπειτα καθʼ ἵππων ἀΐξαντα δουρὶ κατὰ πρότμησιν ὑπʼ ἀσπίδος ὀμφαλοέσσης νύξεν· δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι πεσὼν ἕλε γαῖαν ἀγοστῷ.
Lines 173–187
But others were fighting in battle about the other gates, and hard were it for me, as though I were a god, to tell the tale of all these things, for everywhere about the wall of stone rose the wondrous-blazing fire; for the Argives, albeit in sore distress, defended their ships perforce; and the gods were grieved at heart, all that were helpers of the Danaans in battle. And the Lapiths clashed in war and strife. Then the son of Peirithous, mighty Polypoetes, cast with his spear and smote Damasus through the helmet with cheek pieces of bronze; and the bronze helm stayed not the spear, but the point of bronze brake clean through the bone, and all the brain was spattered about within; so stayed he him in his fury. And thereafter he slew Pylon and Ormenus. And Leonteus, scion of Ares, smote Hippomachus, son of Antimachus, with a cast of his spear, striking him upon the girdle.
ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδὲ Διὸς πεῖθε φρένα ταῦτʼ ἀγορεύων· Ἕκτορι γάρ οἱ θυμὸς ἐβούλετο κῦδος ὀρέξαι. ἄλλοι δʼ ἀμφʼ ἄλλῃσι μάχην ἐμάχοντο πύλῃσιν· ἀργαλέον δέ με ταῦτα θεὸν ὣς πάντʼ ἀγορεῦσαι· πάντῃ γὰρ περὶ τεῖχος ὀρώρει θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ λάϊνον· Ἀργεῖοι δὲ καὶ ἀχνύμενοί περ ἀνάγκῃ νηῶν ἠμύνοντο· θεοὶ δʼ ἀκαχήατο θυμὸν πάντες ὅσοι Δαναοῖσι μάχης ἐπιτάρροθοι ἦσαν. σὺν δʼ ἔβαλον Λαπίθαι πόλεμον καὶ δηϊοτῆτα. ἔνθʼ αὖ Πειριθόου υἱὸς κρατερὸς Πολυποίτης δουρὶ βάλεν Δάμασον κυνέης διὰ χαλκοπαρῄου· οὐδʼ ἄρα χαλκείη κόρυς ἔσχεθεν, ἀλλὰ διὰ πρὸ αἰχμὴ χαλκείη ῥῆξʼ ὀστέον, ἐγκέφαλος δὲ ἔνδον ἅπας πεπάλακτο· δάμασσε δέ μιν μεμαῶτα· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα Πύλωνα καὶ Ὄρμενον ἐξενάριξεν.
Lattimore commentary
The basic scenario of simultaneous attack on multiple gates may owe something to the story of the Seven against Thebes, the gates of which were attacked by as many companies of warriors with their champions. Such a complex scene is intrinsically challenging for the omniscient narrator, as the poet goes on to say (176), but it may have provided a tour de force exhibition of compositional skill.
Lines 231–250
seeing thou biddest me forget the counsels of loud-thundering Zeus, that himself promised me and bowed his head thereto. But thou biddest us be obedient to birds long of wing, that I regard not, nor take thought thereof, whether they fare to the right, toward the Dawn and the sun, or to the left toward the murky darkness. nay, for us, let us be obedient to the counsel of great Zeus, that is king over all mortals and immortals. One omen is best, to fight for one's country. Wherefore dost thou fear war and battle? For if the rest of us be slain one and all at the ships of the Argives, yet is there no fear that thou shouldest perish,—for thy heart is—not staunch in fight nor warlike. Howbeit, if thou shalt hold aloof from battle, or shalt beguile with thy words an other, and turn him from war, forthwith smitten by my spear shalt thou lose thy life.
Πουλυδάμα, σὺ μὲν οὐκ ἔτʼ ἐμοὶ φίλα ταῦτʼ ἀγορεύεις· οἶσθα καὶ ἄλλον μῦθον ἀμείνονα τοῦδε νοῆσαι. εἰ δʼ ἐτεὸν δὴ τοῦτον ἀπὸ σπουδῆς ἀγορεύεις, ἐξ ἄρα δή τοι ἔπειτα θεοὶ φρένας ὤλεσαν αὐτοί, ὃς κέλεαι Ζηνὸς μὲν ἐριγδούποιο λαθέσθαι βουλέων, ἅς τέ μοι αὐτὸς ὑπέσχετο καὶ κατένευσε· τύνη δʼ οἰωνοῖσι τανυπτερύγεσσι κελεύεις πείθεσθαι, τῶν οὔ τι μετατρέπομʼ οὐδʼ ἀλεγίζω εἴτʼ ἐπὶ δεξίʼ ἴωσι πρὸς ἠῶ τʼ ἠέλιόν τε, εἴτʼ ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ τοί γε ποτὶ ζόφον ἠερόεντα. ἡμεῖς δὲ μεγάλοιο Διὸς πειθώμεθα βουλῇ, ὃς πᾶσι θνητοῖσι καὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἀνάσσει. εἷς οἰωνὸς ἄριστος ἀμύνεσθαι περὶ πάτρης. τίπτε σὺ δείδοικας πόλεμον καὶ δηϊοτῆτα; εἴ περ γάρ τʼ ἄλλοι γε περὶ κτεινώμεθα πάντες νηυσὶν ἐπʼ Ἀργείων, σοὶ δʼ οὐ δέος ἔστʼ ἀπολέσθαι· οὐ γάρ τοι κραδίη μενεδήϊος οὐδὲ μαχήμων. εἰ δὲ σὺ δηϊοτῆτος ἀφέξεαι, ἠέ τινʼ ἄλλον παρφάμενος ἐπέεσσιν ἀποτρέψεις πολέμοιο, αὐτίκʼ ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσεις.
Lines 47–58
of the Trojans that have climbed over the great wall in their multitude, for the well-greaved Achaeans will hold back all; nay it is here that I have wondrous dread lest some evil befall us, here where yon madman is leading on like a flame of fire, even Hector, that boasts him to be a son of mighty Zeus. But in the hearts of you twain may some god put it, here to stand firm yourselves, and to bid others do the like; so might ye drive him back from the swift-faring ships, despite his eagerness, aye, even though the Olympian himself be urging him on.
Αἴαντε σφὼ μέν τε σαώσετε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν ἀλκῆς μνησαμένω, μὴ δὲ κρυεροῖο φόβοιο. ἄλλῃ μὲν γὰρ ἔγωγʼ οὐ δείδια χεῖρας ἀάπτους Τρώων, οἳ μέγα τεῖχος ὑπερκατέβησαν ὁμίλῳ· ἕξουσιν γὰρ πάντας ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοί· τῇ δὲ δὴ αἰνότατον περιδείδια μή τι πάθωμεν, ῥʼ γʼ λυσσώδης φλογὶ εἴκελος ἡγεμονεύει Ἕκτωρ, ὃς Διὸς εὔχετʼ ἐρισθενέος πάϊς εἶναι. σφῶϊν δʼ ὧδε θεῶν τις ἐνὶ φρεσὶ ποιήσειεν αὐτώ θʼ ἑστάμεναι κρατερῶς καὶ ἀνωγέμεν ἄλλους· τώ κε καὶ ἐσσύμενόν περ ἐρωήσαιτʼ ἀπὸ νηῶν ὠκυπόρων, εἰ καί μιν Ὀλύμπιος αὐτὸς ἐγείρει.
Lattimore commentary
Although the audience has not heard Hektor make this boast, his actions and words from book 7 onward could lead one to interpret his behavior as hubristic in this way.
Lines 275–294
I know what manner of man thou art in valour; what need hast thou to tell the tale thereof? For if now all the best of us were being told off besides the ships for an ambush, wherein the valour of men is best discerned—there the coward cometh to light and the man of valour; for the colour of the coward changeth ever to another hue,nor is the spirit in his breast stayed that he should abide steadfast, but he shifteth from knee to knee and resteth on either foot, and his heart beats loudly in his breast as he bodeth death, and the teeth chatter in his mouth; but the colour of the brave man changeth not,neither feareth he overmuch when once he taketh his place in the ambush of warriors, but he prayeth to mingle forthwith in woeful war— not even in such case, I say, would any man make light of thy courage or the strength of thy hands. For if so be thou wert stricken by a dart in the toil of battle, or smitten with a thrust, not from behind in neck or back would the missile fall;nay, but on thy breast would it light or on thy belly, as thou wert pressing on into the dalliance of the foremost fighters. But come, no longer let us loiter here and talk thus like children, lest haply some man wax wroth beyond measure; nay, but go thou to the hut, and get thee a mighty spear. nor is the spirit in his breast stayed that he should abide steadfast, but he shifteth from knee to knee and resteth on either foot, and his heart beats loudly in his breast as he bodeth death, and the teeth chatter in his mouth; but the colour of the brave man changeth not, neither feareth he overmuch when once he taketh his place in the ambush of warriors, but he prayeth to mingle forthwith in woeful war— not even in such case, I say, would any man make light of thy courage or the strength of thy hands. For if so be thou wert stricken by a dart in the toil of battle, or smitten with a thrust, not from behind in neck or back would the missile fall; nay, but on thy breast would it light or on thy belly, as thou wert pressing on into the dalliance of the foremost fighters. But come, no longer let us loiter here and talk thus like children, lest haply some man wax wroth beyond measure; nay, but go thou to the hut, and get thee a mighty spear.
οἶδʼ ἀρετὴν οἷός ἐσσι· τί σε χρὴ ταῦτα λέγεσθαι; εἰ γὰρ νῦν παρὰ νηυσὶ λεγοίμεθα πάντες ἄριστοι ἐς λόχον, ἔνθα μάλιστʼ ἀρετὴ διαείδεται ἀνδρῶν, ἔνθʼ τε δειλὸς ἀνὴρ ὅς τʼ ἄλκιμος ἐξεφαάνθη· τοῦ μὲν γάρ τε κακοῦ τρέπεται χρὼς ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ, οὐδέ οἱ ἀτρέμας ἧσθαι ἐρητύετʼ ἐν φρεσὶ θυμός, ἀλλὰ μετοκλάζει καὶ ἐπʼ ἀμφοτέρους πόδας ἵζει, ἐν δέ τέ οἱ κραδίη μεγάλα στέρνοισι πατάσσει κῆρας ὀϊομένῳ, πάταγος δέ τε γίγνετʼ ὀδόντων· τοῦ δʼ ἀγαθοῦ οὔτʼ ἂρ τρέπεται χρὼς οὔτέ τι λίην ταρβεῖ, ἐπειδὰν πρῶτον ἐσίζηται λόχον ἀνδρῶν, ἀρᾶται δὲ τάχιστα μιγήμεναι ἐν δαῒ λυγρῇ· οὐδέ κεν ἔνθα τεόν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρας ὄνοιτο. εἴ περ γάρ κε βλεῖο πονεύμενος ἠὲ τυπείης οὐκ ἂν ἐν αὐχένʼ ὄπισθε πέσοι βέλος οὐδʼ ἐνὶ νώτῳ, ἀλλά κεν στέρνων νηδύος ἀντιάσειε πρόσσω ἱεμένοιο μετὰ προμάχων ὀαριστύν. ἀλλʼ ἄγε μηκέτι ταῦτα λεγώμεθα νηπύτιοι ὣς ἑσταότες, μή πού τις ὑπερφιάλως νεμεσήσῃ· ἀλλὰ σύ γε κλισίην δὲ κιὼν ἕλευ ὄβριμον ἔγχος.
Lattimore commentary
One of the clusters of details in the poem that convince an audience the composer has seen men in war.
Lines 383–397
on foot in front of his horses; and these twain the squire that was his charioteer ever drave so that their breath smote upon the shoulders of Asius. And he was ever fain of heart to cast at Idomeneus; but the other was too quick for him, and smote him with a cast of his spear on the throat beneath the chin, and drave the bronze clean through. And he fell as an oak falls, or a poplar, or a tall pine that among the mountains shipwrights fell with whetted axes to be a ship's timber; even so before his horses and chariot Asius lay out-stretched, moaning aloud and clutching at the bloody dust. And the charioteer, stricken with terror, kept not the wits that afore he had, neither dared turn the horses back and so escape from out the hands of the foemen; but Antilochus, staunch in fight, aimed at him, and pierced him through the middle with his spear, nor did the corselet of bronze that he wore avail him, but he fixed the spear full in his belly. And gasping he fell from out his well-built car,
ὣς εἰπὼν ποδὸς ἕλκε κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην ἥρως Ἰδομενεύς· τῷ δʼ Ἄσιος ἦλθʼ ἐπαμύντωρ πεζὸς πρόσθʼ ἵππων· τὼ δὲ πνείοντε κατʼ ὤμων αἰὲν ἔχʼ ἡνίοχος θεράπων· δὲ ἵετο θυμῷ Ἰδομενῆα βαλεῖν· δέ μιν φθάμενος βάλε δουρὶ λαιμὸν ὑπʼ ἀνθερεῶνα, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσεν. ἤριπε δʼ ὡς ὅτε τις δρῦς ἤριπεν ἀχερωῒς ἠὲ πίτυς βλωθρή, τήν τʼ οὔρεσι τέκτονες ἄνδρες ἐξέταμον πελέκεσσι νεήκεσι νήϊον εἶναι· ὣς πρόσθʼ ἵππων καὶ δίφρου κεῖτο τανυσθεὶς βεβρυχὼς κόνιος δεδραγμένος αἱματοέσσης. ἐκ δέ οἱ ἡνίοχος πλήγη φρένας ἃς πάρος εἶχεν, οὐδʼ γʼ ἐτόλμησεν δηΐων ὑπὸ χεῖρας ἀλύξας ἂψ ἵππους στρέψαι, τὸν δʼ Ἀντίλοχος μενεχάρμης δουρὶ μέσον περόνησε τυχών· οὐδʼ ἤρκεσε θώρηξ
Lines 417–431
but ran and bestrode him, and covered him1 with his shield. Then two trusty comrades stooped down, even Mecisteus, son of Echius, and goodly Alastor, and bare Hypsenor, groaning heavily, to the hollow ships. to enwrap some one of the Trojans in the darkness of night, or himself to fall in warding off ruin from the Achaeans. Then the dear son of Aesyetes, fostered of Zeus, the warrior Alcathous—son by marriage was he to Anchises, and had married the eldest of his daughters, Hippodameia, whom her father and queenly mother heartily loved in their hall, for that she excelled all maidens of her years in comeliness, and in handiwork, and in wisdom; wherefore the best man in wide Troy had taken her to wife—this Alcathous did Poseidon subdue beneath Idomeneus,
ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀργείοισι δʼ ἄχος γένετʼ εὐξαμένοιο, Ἀντιλόχῳ δὲ μάλιστα δαΐφρονι θυμὸν ὄρινεν· ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ἀχνύμενός περ ἑοῦ ἀμέλησεν ἑταίρου, ἀλλὰ θέων περίβη καί οἱ σάκος ἀμφεκάλυψε. τὸν μὲν ἔπειθʼ ὑποδύντε δύω ἐρίηρες ἑταῖροι Μηκιστεὺς Ἐχίοιο πάϊς καὶ δῖος Ἀλάστωρ, νῆας ἔπι γλαφυρὰς φερέτην βαρέα στενάχοντα. Ἰδομενεὺς δʼ οὐ λῆγε μένος μέγα, ἵετο δʼ αἰεὶ ἠέ τινα Τρώων ἐρεβεννῇ νυκτὶ καλύψαι αὐτὸς δουπῆσαι ἀμύνων λοιγὸν Ἀχαιοῖς. ἔνθʼ Αἰσυήταο διοτρεφέος φίλον υἱὸν ἥρωʼ Ἀλκάθοον, γαμβρὸς δʼ ἦν Ἀγχίσαο, πρεσβυτάτην δʼ ὤπυιε θυγατρῶν Ἱπποδάμειαν τὴν περὶ κῆρι φίλησε πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ ἐν μεγάρῳ· πᾶσαν γὰρ ὁμηλικίην ἐκέκαστο
Lines 547–561
But Antilochus leapt upon him and set him to strip the armour from off his shoulders, looking warily around the while; for the Trojans encircled him and thrust from this side and from that upon his broad, shining shield; howbeit they prevailed not to pierce through and graze the tender flesh of Antilochus with the pitiless bronze; for mightily did Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth, guard Nestor's son, even in the midst of many darts. For never aloof from the foe was Antilochus, but he ranged among them, nor ever was his spear at rest, but was ceaselessly brandished and shaken; and he ever aimed in heart to cast at some foeman, or rush upon him in close fight. But as he was aiming amid the throng he was not unmarked of Adamas, son of Asius, who smote him full upon the shield with a thrust of the sharp bronze, setting upon him from nigh at hand. But the spear-point was made of none avail by Poseidon, the dark-haired god,
τʼ ἀνὰ νῶτα θέουσα διαμπερὲς αὐχένʼ ἱκάνει· τὴν ἀπὸ πᾶσαν ἔκερσεν· δʼ ὕπτιος ἐν κονίῃσι κάππεσεν, ἄμφω χεῖρε φίλοις ἑτάροισι πετάσσας. Ἀντίλοχος δʼ ἐπόρουσε, καὶ αἴνυτο τεύχεʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων παπταίνων· Τρῶες δὲ περισταδὸν ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος οὔταζον σάκος εὐρὺ παναίολον, οὐδὲ δύναντο εἴσω ἐπιγράψαι τέρενα χρόα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ Ἀντιλόχου· πέρι γάρ ῥα Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων Νέστορος υἱὸν ἔρυτο καὶ ἐν πολλοῖσι βέλεσσιν. οὐ μὲν γάρ ποτʼ ἄνευ δηΐων ἦν, ἀλλὰ κατʼ αὐτοὺς στρωφᾶτʼ· οὐδέ οἱ ἔγχος ἔχʼ ἀτρέμας, ἀλλὰ μάλʼ αἰεὶ σειόμενον ἐλέλικτο· τιτύσκετο δὲ φρεσὶν ᾗσιν τευ ἀκοντίσσαι, ἠὲ σχεδὸν ὁρμηθῆναι. ἀλλʼ οὐ λῆθʼ Ἀδάμαντα τιτυσκόμενος καθʼ ὅμιλον Ἀσιάδην, οἱ οὖτα μέσον σάκος ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ
Lines 607–619
But the son of Atreus drew his silver-studded sword, and leapt upon Peisander; and he from beneath his shield grasped a goodly axe of fine bronze, set on a haft of olive-wood, long and well-polished; and at the one moment they set each upon the other. Peisander verily smote Menelaus upon the horn of his helmet with crest of horse-hair —on the topmost part beneath the very plume; but Menelaus smote him as he came against him, on the forehead above the base of the nose; and the bones crashed loudly, and the two eyeballs, all bloody, fell before his feet in the dust, and he bowed and fell; and Menelaus set his foot upon his breast, and despoiled him of his arms, and exulted, saying:
οὔτασεν, οὐδὲ διὰ πρὸ δυνήσατο χαλκὸν ἐλάσσαι· ἔσχεθε γὰρ σάκος εὐρύ, κατεκλάσθη δʼ ἐνὶ καυλῷ ἔγχος· δὲ φρεσὶν ᾗσι χάρη καὶ ἐέλπετο νίκην. Ἀτρεΐδης δὲ ἐρυσσάμενος ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον ἆλτʼ ἐπὶ Πεισάνδρῳ· δʼ ὑπʼ ἀσπίδος εἵλετο καλὴν ἀξίνην εὔχαλκον ἐλαΐνῳ ἀμφὶ πελέκκῳ μακρῷ ἐϋξέστῳ· ἅμα δʼ ἀλλήλων ἐφίκοντο. ἤτοι μὲν κόρυθος φάλον ἤλασεν ἱπποδασείης ἄκρον ὑπὸ λόφον αὐτόν, δὲ προσιόντα μέτωπον ῥινὸς ὕπερ πυμάτης· λάκε δʼ ὀστέα, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε πὰρ ποσὶν αἱματόεντα χαμαὶ πέσον ἐν κονίῃσιν, ἰδνώθη δὲ πεσών· δὲ λὰξ ἐν στήθεσι βαίνων τεύχεά τʼ ἐξενάριξε καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα·
Lines 620–639
ln such wise of a surety shall ye leave the ships of the Danaans, drivers of swift horses, ye overweening Trojans, insatiate of the dread din of battle. Aye, and of other despite and shame lack ye naught, wherewith ye have done despite unto me, ye evil dogs,49.1 and had no fear at heart of the grievous wrath of Zeus, that thundereth aloud, the god of hospitality,who shall some day destroy your high city. For ye bare forth wantonly over sea my wedded wife and therewithal much treasure, when it was with her that ye had found entertainment; and now again ye are full fain to fling consuming fire on the sea-faring ships, and to slay the Achaean warriors.Nay, but ye shall be stayed from your fighting, how eager soever ye be! Father Zeus, in sooth men say that in wisdom thou art above all others, both men and gods, yet it is from thee that all these things come; in such wise now dost thou shew favour to men of wantonness, even the Trojans, whose might is always froward,nor can they ever have their fill of the din of evil war. Of all things is there satiety, of sleep, and love, and of sweet song, and the goodly dance; of these things verily a man would rather have his fill than of war; but the Trojans are insatiate of battle. who shall some day destroy your high city. For ye bare forth wantonly over sea my wedded wife and therewithal much treasure, when it was with her that ye had found entertainment; and now again ye are full fain to fling consuming fire on the sea-faring ships, and to slay the Achaean warriors. Nay, but ye shall be stayed from your fighting, how eager soever ye be! Father Zeus, in sooth men say that in wisdom thou art above all others, both men and gods, yet it is from thee that all these things come; in such wise now dost thou shew favour to men of wantonness, even the Trojans, whose might is always froward, nor can they ever have their fill of the din of evil war. Of all things is there satiety, of sleep, and love, and of sweet song, and the goodly dance; of these things verily a man would rather have his fill than of war; but the Trojans are insatiate of battle.
λείψετέ θην οὕτω γε νέας Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων Τρῶες ὑπερφίαλοι δεινῆς ἀκόρητοι ἀϋτῆς, ἄλλης μὲν λώβης τε καὶ αἴσχεος οὐκ ἐπιδευεῖς ἣν ἐμὲ λωβήσασθε κακαὶ κύνες, οὐδέ τι θυμῷ Ζηνὸς ἐριβρεμέτεω χαλεπὴν ἐδείσατε μῆνιν ξεινίου, ὅς τέ ποτʼ ὔμμι διαφθέρσει πόλιν αἰπήν· οἵ μευ κουριδίην ἄλοχον καὶ κτήματα πολλὰ μὰψ οἴχεσθʼ ἀνάγοντες, ἐπεὶ φιλέεσθε παρʼ αὐτῇ· νῦν αὖτʼ ἐν νηυσὶν μενεαίνετε ποντοπόροισι πῦρ ὀλοὸν βαλέειν, κτεῖναι δʼ ἥρωας Ἀχαιούς. ἀλλά ποθι σχήσεσθε καὶ ἐσσύμενοί περ Ἄρηος. Ζεῦ πάτερ τέ σέ φασι περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ θεῶν· σέο δʼ ἐκ τάδε πάντα πέλονται· οἷον δὴ ἄνδρεσσι χαρίζεαι ὑβριστῇσι Τρωσίν, τῶν μένος αἰὲν ἀτάσθαλον, οὐδὲ δύνανται φυλόπιδος κορέσασθαι ὁμοιΐου πτολέμοιο. πάντων μὲν κόρος ἐστὶ καὶ ὕπνου καὶ φιλότητος μολπῆς τε γλυκερῆς καὶ ἀμύμονος ὀρχηθμοῖο, τῶν πέρ τις καὶ μᾶλλον ἐέλδεται ἐξ ἔρον εἷναι πολέμου· Τρῶες δὲ μάχης ἀκόρητοι ἔασιν.
Lines 788–802
round about Cebriones and peerless Polydamas, and Phalces, and Orthaeus, and godlike Polyphetes, and Palmys, and Ascanius, and Morys, son of Hippotion, who had come from deep-soiled Ascania on the morn before to relieve their fellows, and now Zeus roused them to fight. And they came on like the blast of direful winds that rusheth upon the earth beneath the thunder of father Zeus, and with wondrous din mingleth with the sea, and in its track are many surging waves of the loud-resounding sea, high-arched and white with foam, some in the van and after them others; even so the Trojans, in close array, some in the van and after them others, flashing with bronze, followed with their leaders. And Hector, son of Priam, led them, the peer of Ares, the bane of mortals. Before him he held his shield that was well-balanced upon every side, his shield thick with hides, whereon abundant bronze had been welded,
ὣς εἰπὼν παρέπεισεν ἀδελφειοῦ φρένας ἥρως· βὰν δʼ ἴμεν ἔνθα μάλιστα μάχη καὶ φύλοπις ἦεν ἀμφί τε Κεβριόνην καὶ ἀμύμονα Πουλυδάμαντα Φάλκην Ὀρθαῖόν τε καὶ ἀντίθεον Πολυφήτην Πάλμύν τʼ Ἀσκάνιόν τε Μόρυν θʼ υἷʼ Ἱπποτίωνος, οἵ ῥʼ ἐξ Ἀσκανίης ἐριβώλακος ἦλθον ἀμοιβοὶ ἠοῖ τῇ προτέρῃ· τότε δὲ Ζεὺς ὦρσε μάχεσθαι. οἳ δʼ ἴσαν ἀργαλέων ἀνέμων ἀτάλαντοι ἀέλλῃ, ῥά θʼ ὑπὸ βροντῆς πατρὸς Διὸς εἶσι πέδον δέ, θεσπεσίῳ δʼ ὁμάδῳ ἁλὶ μίσγεται, ἐν δέ τε πολλὰ κύματα παφλάζοντα πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης κυρτὰ φαληριόωντα, πρὸ μέν τʼ ἄλλʼ, αὐτὰρ ἐπʼ ἄλλα· ὣς Τρῶες πρὸ μὲν ἄλλοι ἀρηρότες, αὐτὰρ ἐπʼ ἄλλοι, χαλκῷ μαρμαίροντες ἅμʼ ἡγεμόνεσσιν ἕποντο. Ἕκτωρ δʼ ἡγεῖτο βροτολοιγῷ ἶσος Ἄρηϊ
Lines 139–146
rejoice within his breast, as he beholdeth the slaughter and rout of the Achaeans, seeing he hath no understanding, no, not a whit. Nay, even so may he perish, and a god bring him low. But with thee are the blessed gods in no wise utterly wroth; nay, even yet, I ween, shall the leaders and rulers of the Trojans raise the dust of the wide plain, and thyself behold them fleeing to the city from the ships and huts.
Ἀτρεΐδη νῦν δή που Ἀχιλλῆος ὀλοὸν κῆρ γηθεῖ ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φόνον καὶ φύζαν Ἀχαιῶν δερκομένῳ, ἐπεὶ οὔ οἱ ἔνι φρένες οὐδʼ ἠβαιαί. ἀλλʼ μὲν ὣς ἀπόλοιτο, θεὸς δέ σιφλώσειε· σοὶ δʼ οὔ πω μάλα πάγχυ θεοὶ μάκαρες κοτέουσιν, ἀλλʼ ἔτι που Τρώων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες εὐρὺ κονίσουσιν πεδίον, σὺ δʼ ἐπόψεαι αὐτὸς φεύγοντας προτὶ ἄστυ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων.
Lines 147–161
even so mighty a shout did the lord, the Shaker of Earth, send forth from his breast. and in the heart of each man of the Achaeans he put great strength, to war and fight unceasingly. as he went busily about in the battle where men win glory, her own brother and her lord's withal; and she was glad at heart. And Zeus she marked seated on the topmost peak of many-fountained Ida, and hateful was he to her heart. Then she took thought, the ox-eyed, queenly Hera, how she might beguile the mind of Zeus that beareth the aegis. And this plan seemed to her mind the best—to go to Ida, when she had beauteously adorned her person, if so be he might desire to lie by her side and embrace her body in love, and she might shed a warm and gentle sleep
ὣς εἰπὼν μέγʼ ἄϋσεν ἐπεσσύμενος πεδίοιο. ὅσσόν τʼ ἐννεάχιλοι ἐπίαχον δεκάχιλοι ἀνέρες ἐν πολέμῳ ἔριδα ξυνάγοντες Ἄρηος, τόσσην ἐκ στήθεσφιν ὄπα κρείων ἐνοσίχθων ἧκεν· Ἀχαιοῖσιν δὲ μέγα σθένος ἔμβαλʼ ἑκάστῳ καρδίῃ, ἄληκτον πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι. Ἥρη δʼ εἰσεῖδε χρυσόθρονος ὀφθαλμοῖσι στᾶσʼ ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο ἀπὸ ῥίου· αὐτίκα δʼ ἔγνω τὸν μὲν ποιπνύοντα μάχην ἀνὰ κυδιάνειραν αὐτοκασίγνητον καὶ δαέρα, χαῖρε δὲ θυμῷ· Ζῆνα δʼ ἐπʼ ἀκροτάτης κορυφῆς πολυπίδακος Ἴδης ἥμενον εἰσεῖδε, στυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔπλετο θυμῷ. μερμήριξε δʼ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη ὅππως ἐξαπάφοιτο Διὸς νόον αἰγιόχοιο· ἥδε δέ οἱ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλὴ
Aphrodite to Hera · divine
Lines 219–221
curiously-wrought, wherein all things are fashioned; I tell thee thou shalt not return with that unaccomplished, whatsoever in thy heart thou desirest.
τῆ νῦν τοῦτον ἱμάντα τεῷ ἐγκάτθεο κόλπῳ ποικίλον, ἔνι πάντα τετεύχαται· οὐδέ σέ φημι ἄπρηκτόν γε νέεσθαι, τι φρεσὶ σῇσι μενοινᾷς.
Hera to Hypnus · divine
Lines 264–268
Deemest thou that Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, will aid the Trojans, even as he waxed wroth for the sake of Heracles, his own son? Nay, come, I will give thee one of the youthful Graces to wed to be called thy wife, even Pasithea, for whom thou ever longest all thy days.
Ὕπνε τί δὲ σὺ ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι μενοινᾷς; φῂς ὣς Τρώεσσιν ἀρηξέμεν εὐρύοπα Ζῆν ὡς Ἡρακλῆος περιχώσατο παῖδος ἑοῖο; ἀλλʼ ἴθʼ, ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι Χαρίτων μίαν ὁπλοτεράων δώσω ὀπυιέμεναι καὶ σὴν κεκλῆσθαι ἄκοιτιν.
Lines 292–297
even as when at the first they had gone to the couch and had dalliance together in love, their dear parents knowing naught thereof. And he stood before her, and spake, and addressed her: Hera, with what desire art thou thus come hither down from Olympus? Lo, thy horses are not at hand, neither thy chariot, whereon thou mightest mount.
Ἥρη δὲ κραιπνῶς προσεβήσετο Γάργαρον ἄκρον Ἴδης ὑψηλῆς· ἴδε δὲ νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς. ὡς δʼ ἴδεν, ὥς μιν ἔρως πυκινὰς φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψεν, οἷον ὅτε πρῶτόν περ ἐμισγέσθην φιλότητι εἰς εὐνὴν φοιτῶντε, φίλους λήθοντε τοκῆας. στῆ δʼ αὐτῆς προπάροιθεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·
Zeus to Hera · divine
Lines 49–77
thy thought hereafter were to be one with my thought as thou sittest among the immortals, then would Poseidon, how contrary soever his wish might be, forthwith bend his mind to follow thy heart and mine. But if verily thou speakest in frankness and in truth, go thou now among the tribes of gods and call Iris to come hither, and Apollo, famed for his bow, that she may go amid the host of the brazen-coated Achaeans, and bid the lord Poseidon that he cease from war, and get him to his own house; but let Phoebus Apollo rouse Hector to the fight, and breathe strength into him again, and make him forget the pains that now distress his heart; and let him drive the Achaeans back once more, when he has roused in them craven panic; so shall they flee and fall among the many-benched ships of Achilles, son of Peleus, and he shall send forth his comrade Patroclus, howbeit him shall glorious Hector slay with the spear before the face of Ilios, after himself hath slain many other youths, and among them withal my son, goodly Sarpedon. And in wrath for Patroclus shall goodly Achilles slay Hector. Then from that time forth shall I cause a driving back of the Trojans from the ships evermore continually, until the Achaeans shall take steep Ilios through the counsels of Athene. But until that hour neither do I refrain my wrath, nor will I suffer any other of the immortals to bear aid to the Danaans here, until the desire of the son of Peleus be fulfilled, even as I promised at the first and bowed my head thereto, on the day when the goddess Thetis clasped my knees, beseeching me to do honour to Achilles, sacker of cities.
εἰ μὲν δὴ σύ γʼ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη ἶσον ἐμοὶ φρονέουσα μετʼ ἀθανάτοισι καθίζοις, τώ κε Ποσειδάων γε, καὶ εἰ μάλα βούλεται ἄλλῃ, αἶψα μεταστρέψειε νόον μετὰ σὸν καὶ ἐμὸν κῆρ. ἀλλʼ εἰ δή ῥʼ ἐτεόν γε καὶ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορεύεις, ἔρχεο νῦν μετὰ φῦλα θεῶν, καὶ δεῦρο κάλεσσον Ἶρίν τʼ ἐλθέμεναι καὶ Ἀπόλλωνα κλυτότοξον, ὄφρʼ μὲν μετὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων ἔλθῃ, καὶ εἴπῃσι Ποσειδάωνι ἄνακτι παυσάμενον πολέμοιο τὰ πρὸς δώμαθʼ ἱκέσθαι, Ἕκτορα δʼ ὀτρύνῃσι μάχην ἐς Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων, αὖτις δʼ ἐμπνεύσῃσι μένος, λελάθῃ δʼ ὀδυνάων αἳ νῦν μιν τείρουσι κατὰ φρένας, αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς αὖτις ἀποστρέψῃσιν ἀνάλκιδα φύζαν ἐνόρσας, φεύγοντες δʼ ἐν νηυσὶ πολυκλήϊσι πέσωσι Πηλεΐδεω Ἀχιλῆος· δʼ ἀνστήσει ὃν ἑταῖρον Πάτροκλον· τὸν δὲ κτενεῖ ἔγχεϊ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ Ἰλίου προπάροιθε πολέας ὀλέσαντʼ αἰζηοὺς τοὺς ἄλλους, μετὰ δʼ υἱὸν ἐμὸν Σαρπηδόνα δῖον. τοῦ δὲ χολωσάμενος κτενεῖ Ἕκτορα δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς. ἐκ τοῦ δʼ ἄν τοι ἔπειτα παλίωξιν παρὰ νηῶν αἰὲν ἐγὼ τεύχοιμι διαμπερὲς εἰς κʼ Ἀχαιοὶ Ἴλιον αἰπὺ ἕλοιεν Ἀθηναίης διὰ βουλάς. τὸ πρὶν δʼ οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ἐγὼ παύω χόλον οὔτέ τινʼ ἄλλον ἀθανάτων Δαναοῖσιν ἀμυνέμεν ἐνθάδʼ ἐάσω πρίν γε τὸ Πηλεΐδαο τελευτηθῆναι ἐέλδωρ, ὥς οἱ ὑπέστην πρῶτον, ἐμῷ δʼ ἐπένευσα κάρητι, ἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ ἐμεῖο θεὰ Θέτις ἥψατο γούνων, λισσομένη τιμῆσαι Ἀχιλλῆα πτολίπορθον.
Lattimore commentary
Zeus’ commands to his fellow gods shift into a foretelling of the plot, covering the main points of books 16 through 22: Achilleus’ dispatch of Patroklos; that hero’s death soon after Sarpedon’s; and the subsequent killing of Hektor. Even the fall of Troy is reaffirmed—a point beyond the Iliad.
Lines 78–89
And even as swiftly darteth the mind of a man who hath travelled over far lands and thinketh in the wisdom of his heart, Would I were here, or there, and many are the wishes he conceiveth: even so swiftly sped on in her eagerness the queenly Hera; and she came to steep Olympus, and found the immortal gods gathered together in the house of Zeus, and at sight of her they all sprang up, and greeted her with cups of welcome. She on her part let be the others, but took the cup from Themis, of the fair cheeks, for she ran first to meet her, and spake, and addressed her with winged words:
ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη, βῆ δʼ ἐξ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων ἐς μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον. ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἀΐξῃ νόος ἀνέρος, ὅς τʼ ἐπὶ πολλὴν γαῖαν ἐληλουθὼς φρεσὶ πευκαλίμῃσι νοήσῃ ἔνθʼ εἴην ἔνθα, μενοινήῃσί τε πολλά, ὣς κραιπνῶς μεμαυῖα διέπτατο πότνια Ἥρη· ἵκετο δʼ αἰπὺν Ὄλυμπον, ὁμηγερέεσσι δʼ ἐπῆλθεν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι Διὸς δόμῳ· οἳ δὲ ἰδόντες πάντες ἀνήϊξαν καὶ δεικανόωντο δέπασσιν. δʼ ἄλλους μὲν ἔασε, Θέμιστι δὲ καλλιπαρῄῳ δέκτο δέπας· πρώτη γὰρ ἐναντίη ἦλθε θέουσα, καί μιν φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·
Zeus to Iris · divine
Lines 158–167
Bid him cease from war and battle, and go to join the tribes of gods, or into the bright sea. And if so be he will not obey my words, but shall set them at naught, let him bethink him then in mind and heart, lest, how strong soever he be, he have no hardihood to abide my on-coming; for I avow me to be better far than he in might, and the elder born. Yet his heart counteth it but a little thing to declare himself the peer of me of whom even the other gods are adread.
βάσκʼ ἴθι Ἶρι ταχεῖα, Ποσειδάωνι ἄνακτι πάντα τάδʼ ἀγγεῖλαι, μὴ δὲ ψευδάγγελος εἶναι. παυσάμενόν μιν ἄνωχθι μάχης ἠδὲ πτολέμοιο ἔρχεσθαι μετὰ φῦλα θεῶν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν. εἰ δέ μοι οὐκ ἐπέεσσʼ ἐπιπείσεται, ἀλλʼ ἀλογήσει, φραζέσθω δὴ ἔπειτα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν μή μʼ οὐδὲ κρατερός περ ἐὼν ἐπιόντα ταλάσσῃ μεῖναι, ἐπεί εὑ φημὶ βίῃ πολὺ φέρτερος εἶναι καὶ γενεῇ πρότερος· τοῦ δʼ οὐκ ὄθεται φίλον ἦτορ ἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι, τόν τε στυγέουσι καὶ ἄλλοι.
Lattimore commentary
The unwillingness of Zeus to brook a rival who would declare himself equal echoes Agamemnon’s problem with Achilleus (1.186), while the reminder that he is stronger “in authority” (pherteros, which Lattimore translates “in strength”) uses the same word that describes Agamemnon’s claim to power.
Poseidon to Iris · divine
Lines 185–199
Out upon it, verily strong though he be he hath spoken overweeningly, if in sooth by force and in mine own despite he will restrain me that am of like honour with himself. For three brethren are we, begotten of Cronos, and born of Rhea,—Zeus, and myself, and the third is Hades, that is lord of the dead below. And in three-fold wise are all things divided, and unto each hath been apportioned his own domain.I verily, when the lots were shaken, won for my portion the grey sea to be my habitation for ever, and Hades won the murky darkness, while Zeus won the broad heaven amid the air and the clouds; but the earth and high Olympus remain yet common to us all. Wherefore will I not in any wise walk after the will of Zeus; nay in quietlet him abide in his third portion, how strong soever he be.And with might of hand let him not seek to affright me, as though I were some coward. His daughters and his sons were it better for him to threaten with blustering words, even them that himself begat, who perforce will hearken to whatsoever he may bid. I verily, when the lots were shaken, won for my portion the grey sea to be my habitation for ever, and Hades won the murky darkness, while Zeus won the broad heaven amid the air and the clouds; but the earth and high Olympus remain yet common to us all. Wherefore will I not in any wise walk after the will of Zeus; nay in quiet let him abide in his third portion, how strong soever he be.And with might of hand let him not seek to affright me, as though I were some coward. His daughters and his sons were it better for him to threaten with blustering words, even them that himself begat, who perforce will hearken to whatsoever he may bid.
πόποι ῥʼ ἀγαθός περ ἐὼν ὑπέροπλον ἔειπεν εἴ μʼ ὁμότιμον ἐόντα βίῃ ἀέκοντα καθέξει. τρεῖς γάρ τʼ ἐκ Κρόνου εἰμὲν ἀδελφεοὶ οὓς τέκετο Ῥέα Ζεὺς καὶ ἐγώ, τρίτατος δʼ Ἀΐδης ἐνέροισιν ἀνάσσων. τριχθὰ δὲ πάντα δέδασται, ἕκαστος δʼ ἔμμορε τιμῆς· ἤτοι ἐγὼν ἔλαχον πολιὴν ἅλα ναιέμεν αἰεὶ παλλομένων, Ἀΐδης δʼ ἔλαχε ζόφον ἠερόεντα, Ζεὺς δʼ ἔλαχʼ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἐν αἰθέρι καὶ νεφέλῃσι· γαῖα δʼ ἔτι ξυνὴ πάντων καὶ μακρὸς Ὄλυμπος. τώ ῥα καὶ οὔ τι Διὸς βέομαι φρεσίν, ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος καὶ κρατερός περ ἐὼν μενέτω τριτάτῃ ἐνὶ μοίρῃ. χερσὶ δὲ μή τί με πάγχυ κακὸν ὣς δειδισσέσθω· θυγατέρεσσιν γάρ τε καὶ υἱάσι βέλτερον εἴη ἐκπάγλοις ἐπέεσσιν ἐνισσέμεν οὓς τέκεν αὐτός, οἵ ἑθεν ὀτρύνοντος ἀκούσονται καὶ ἀνάγκῃ.
Lattimore commentary
The triple division of the cosmos is not stressed in Hesiod’s Theogony, focused as it is on the story of Zeus’ rise to power. The motif, however, is ancient, found in Near Eastern myths.
Iris to Poseidon · divine
Lines 201–204
οὕτω γὰρ δή τοι γαιήοχε κυανοχαῖτα τόνδε φέρω Διὶ μῦθον ἀπηνέα τε κρατερόν τε, τι μεταστρέψεις; στρεπταὶ μέν τε φρένες ἐσθλῶν. οἶσθʼ ὡς πρεσβυτέροισιν Ἐρινύες αἰὲν ἕπονται.
Lattimore commentary
On the Erinys see 9.454.
Lines 617–631
that abideth the swift paths of the shrill winds, and the swelling waves that belch forth against it; even so the Danaans withstood the Trojans steadfastly, and fled not. But Hector shining all about as with fire leapt among the throng, and fell upon them; even as when beneath the clouds a fierce-rushing wave, swollen by the winds, falleth upon a swift ship, and she is all hidden by the foam thereof, and the dread blast of the wind roareth against the sail, and the hearts of the sailors shudder in their fear, for that by little are they borne forth from death; even so were the hearts of the Achaeans rent within their breasts. But he fell upon them like a lion of baneful mind coming against kine, that are grazing in the bottom-land of a great marsh, and there is no counting them, and among them is a herdsman that is as yet unskilled to fight with a wild beast over the carcase of a sleek heifer that hath been slain: he verily walketh ever by their side, now abreast of the foremost of the kine, and now of the hindmost,
ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς δύνατο ῥῆξαι μάλα περ μενεαίνων· ἴσχον γὰρ πυργηδὸν ἀρηρότες, ἠΰτε πέτρη ἠλίβατος μεγάλη πολιῆς ἁλὸς ἐγγὺς ἐοῦσα, τε μένει λιγέων ἀνέμων λαιψηρὰ κέλευθα κύματά τε τροφόεντα, τά τε προσερεύγεται αὐτήν· ὣς Δαναοὶ Τρῶας μένον ἔμπεδον οὐδὲ φέβοντο. αὐτὰρ λαμπόμενος πυρὶ πάντοθεν ἔνθορʼ ὁμίλῳ, ἐν δʼ ἔπεσʼ ὡς ὅτε κῦμα θοῇ ἐν νηῒ πέσῃσι λάβρον ὑπαὶ νεφέων ἀνεμοτρεφές· δέ τε πᾶσα ἄχνῃ ὑπεκρύφθη, ἀνέμοιο δὲ δεινὸς ἀήτη ἱστίῳ ἐμβρέμεται, τρομέουσι δέ τε φρένα ναῦται δειδιότες· τυτθὸν γὰρ ὑπʼ ἐκ θανάτοιο φέρονται· ὣς ἐδαΐζετο θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν. αὐτὰρ γʼ ὥς τε λέων ὀλοόφρων βουσὶν ἐπελθών, αἵ ῥά τʼ ἐν εἱαμενῇ ἕλεος μεγάλοιο νέμονται
Lines 718–725
to take the ships that came hither in despite of the gods, and brought us many woes, by reason of the cowardice of the elders, who, when I was eager to fight at the sterns of the ships, kept me back, and withheld the host. But if Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, then dulled our wits, now of himself he urgeth and giveth command.
οἴσετε πῦρ, ἅμα δʼ αὐτοὶ ἀολλέες ὄρνυτʼ ἀϋτήν· νῦν ἡμῖν πάντων Ζεὺς ἄξιον ἦμαρ ἔδωκε νῆας ἑλεῖν, αἳ δεῦρο θεῶν ἀέκητι μολοῦσαι ἡμῖν πήματα πολλὰ θέσαν, κακότητι γερόντων, οἵ μʼ ἐθέλοντα μάχεσθαι ἐπὶ πρυμνῇσι νέεσσιν αὐτόν τʼ ἰσχανάασκον ἐρητύοντό τε λαόν· ἀλλʼ εἰ δή ῥα τότε βλάπτε φρένας εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς ἡμετέρας, νῦν αὐτὸς ἐποτρύνει καὶ ἀνώγει.
Lattimore commentary
The first we hear of Hektor’s blame directed toward his elders for excessive caution. At 6.431 it was his wife Andromachē who urged him to stay close to the city walls.
Lines 21–45
Smitten is the son of Tydeus, mighty Diomedes, wounded with spear-thrust is Odysseus, famed for his spear, and Agamemnon, and smitten, too, is Eurypylus with an arrow in the thigh. About these the leeches, skilled in many simples, are busied, seeking to heal their wounds; but with thee may no man deal, Achilles. Never upon me let such wrath lay hold, as that thou dost cherish, O thou whose valour is but a bane! Wherein shall any other even yet to be born have profit of thee, if thou ward not off shameful ruin from the Argives? Pitiless one, thy father, meseems, was not the knight Peleus, nor was Thetis thy mother, but the grey sea bare thee, and the beetling cliffs, for that thy heart is unbending. But if in thy mind thou art shunning some oracle, and thy queenly mother hath declared to thee aught from Zeus, yet me at least send thou forth speedily, and with me let the rest of the host of the Myrmidons follow, if so be I may prove a light of deliverance to the Danaans. And grant me to buckle upon my shoulders that armour of thine, in hope that the Trojans may take me for thee, and so desist from war, and the warlike sons of the Achaeans may take breath, wearied as they are; for scant is the breathing-space in battle. And lightly might we that are unwearied drive men that are wearied with the battle back to the city from the ships and the huts.
Ἀχιλεῦ Πηλῆος υἱὲ μέγα φέρτατʼ Ἀχαιῶν μὴ νεμέσα· τοῖον γὰρ ἄχος βεβίηκεν Ἀχαιούς. οἳ μὲν γὰρ δὴ πάντες, ὅσοι πάρος ἦσαν ἄριστοι, ἐν νηυσὶν κέαται βεβλημένοι οὐτάμενοί τε. βέβληται μὲν Τυδεΐδης κρατερὸς Διομήδης, οὔτασται δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς δουρικλυτὸς ἠδʼ Ἀγαμέμνων, βέβληται δὲ καὶ Εὐρύπυλος κατὰ μηρὸν ὀϊστῷ. τοὺς μέν τʼ ἰητροὶ πολυφάρμακοι ἀμφιπένονται ἕλκεʼ ἀκειόμενοι· σὺ δʼ ἀμήχανος ἔπλευ Ἀχιλλεῦ. μὴ ἐμέ γʼ οὖν οὗτός γε λάβοι χόλος, ὃν σὺ φυλάσσεις αἰναρέτη· τί σευ ἄλλος ὀνήσεται ὀψίγονός περ αἴ κε μὴ Ἀργείοισιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀμύνῃς; νηλεές, οὐκ ἄρα σοί γε πατὴρ ἦν ἱππότα Πηλεύς, οὐδὲ Θέτις μήτηρ· γλαυκὴ δέ σε τίκτε θάλασσα πέτραι τʼ ἠλίβατοι, ὅτι τοι νόος ἐστὶν ἀπηνής. εἰ δέ τινα φρεσὶ σῇσι θεοπροπίην ἀλεείνεις καί τινά τοι πὰρ Ζηνὸς ἐπέφραδε πότνια μήτηρ, ἀλλʼ ἐμέ περ πρόες ὦχʼ, ἃμα δʼ ἄλλον λαὸν ὄπασσον Μυρμιδόνων, ἤν πού τι φόως Δαναοῖσι γένωμαι. δὸς δέ μοι ὤμοιιν τὰ σὰ τεύχεα θωρηχθῆναι, αἴ κʼ ἐμὲ σοὶ ἴσκοντες ἀπόσχωνται πολέμοιο Τρῶες, ἀναπνεύσωσι δʼ Ἀρήϊοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν τειρόμενοι· ὀλίγη δέ τʼ ἀνάπνευσις πολέμοιο. ῥεῖα δέ κʼ ἀκμῆτες κεκμηότας ἄνδρας ἀϋτῇ ὤσαιμεν προτὶ ἄστυ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων.
Lines 145–159
And the horses he bade Automedon yoke speedily, even him that he honoured most after Achilles, breaker of the ranks of men, and that in his eyes was faithful above all to abide his call in battle. At his bidding then Automedon led beneath the yoke the fleet horses, Xanthus and Balius, that flew swift as the winds, horses that the Harpy Podarge conceived to the West Wind, as she grazed on the meadow beside the stream of Oceanus. And in the side-traces he set the goodly Pedasus that on a time Achilles had brought away, when he took the city of Eetion; and he, being but mortal, kept pace with immortal steeds. But Achilles went to and fro throughout the huts and let harness in their armour all the Myrmidons, and they rushed forth like ravening wolves in whose hearts is fury unspeakable—wolves that have slain in the hills a great horned stag, and rend him, and the jaws of all are red with gore;
ἵππους δʼ Αὐτομέδοντα θοῶς ζευγνῦμεν ἄνωγε, τὸν μετʼ Ἀχιλλῆα ῥηξήνορα τῖε μάλιστα, πιστότατος δέ οἱ ἔσκε μάχῃ ἔνι μεῖναι ὁμοκλήν. τῷ δὲ καὶ Αὐτομέδων ὕπαγε ζυγὸν ὠκέας ἵππους Ξάνθον καὶ Βαλίον, τὼ ἅμα πνοιῇσι πετέσθην, τοὺς ἔτεκε Ζεφύρῳ ἀνέμῳ Ἅρπυια Ποδάργη βοσκομένη λειμῶνι παρὰ ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο. ἐν δὲ παρηορίῃσιν ἀμύμονα Πήδασον ἵει, τόν ῥά ποτʼ Ἠετίωνος ἑλὼν πόλιν ἤγαγʼ Ἀχιλλεύς, ὃς καὶ θνητὸς ἐὼν ἕπεθʼ ἵπποις ἀθανάτοισι. Μυρμιδόνας δʼ ἄρʼ ἐποιχόμενος θώρηξεν Ἀχιλλεὺς πάντας ἀνὰ κλισίας σὺν τεύχεσιν· οἳ δὲ λύκοι ὣς ὠμοφάγοι, τοῖσίν τε περὶ φρεσὶν ἄσπετος ἀλκή, οἵ τʼ ἔλαφον κεραὸν μέγαν οὔρεσι δῃώσαντες δάπτουσιν· πᾶσιν δὲ παρήϊον αἵματι φοινόν·
Lattimore commentary
Like Achilleus himself, his chariot team is a mixture of mortal and divine genealogy. Two of his Myrmidon comrades (Menesthios, 173, and Eudoros, 179) are similarly half divine.
Lines 233–248
thine interpreters, men with unwashen feet that couch on the ground. Aforetime verily thou didst hear my word, when I prayed: me thou didst honour, and didst mightily smite the host of the Achaeans; even so now also fulfill thou for me this my desire. Myself verily will I abide in the gathering of the ships, but my comrade am I sending forth amid the host of the Myrmidons to war: with him do thou send forth glory, O Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, and make bold the heart in his breast, to the end that Hector, too, may know whether even alone my squire hath skill to fight, or whether his hands then only rage invincible, whenso I enter the turmoil of Ares. But when away from the ships he hath driven war and the din of war, thea all-unscathed let him come back to the swift ships with all his arms, and his comrades that fight in close combat.
Ζεῦ ἄνα Δωδωναῖε Πελασγικὲ τηλόθι ναίων Δωδώνης μεδέων δυσχειμέρου, ἀμφὶ δὲ Σελλοὶ σοὶ ναίουσʼ ὑποφῆται ἀνιπτόποδες χαμαιεῦναι, ἠμὲν δή ποτʼ ἐμὸν ἔπος ἔκλυες εὐξαμένοιο, τίμησας μὲν ἐμέ, μέγα δʼ ἴψαο λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν, ἠδʼ ἔτι καὶ νῦν μοι τόδʼ ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ· αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ ἐγὼ μενέω νηῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι, ἀλλʼ ἕταρον πέμπω πολέσιν μετὰ Μυρμιδόνεσσι μάρνασθαι· τῷ κῦδος ἅμα πρόες εὐρύοπα Ζεῦ, θάρσυνον δέ οἱ ἦτορ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ εἴσεται ῥα καὶ οἶος ἐπίστηται πολεμίζειν ἡμέτερος θεράπων, οἱ τότε χεῖρες ἄαπτοι μαίνονθʼ, ὁππότʼ ἐγώ περ ἴω μετὰ μῶλον Ἄρηος. αὐτὰρ ἐπεί κʼ ἀπὸ ναῦφι μάχην ἐνοπήν τε δίηται, ἀσκηθής μοι ἔπειτα θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας ἵκοιτο τεύχεσί τε ξὺν πᾶσι καὶ ἀγχεμάχοις ἑτάροισιν.
Lines 395–409
back again towards the ships and would not suffer them for all their eagerness to set foot in the city, but in the mid-space between the ships and the river and the high wall he rushed among them and slew them, and got him vengeance for many a slain comrade. There verily he first smote Pronous with a cast of his bright spear, upon the breast where it was left bare beside the shield, and loosed his limbs; and he feIl with a thud. Next upon Thestor, son of Enops, he rushed. Crouching he sat in his polished car, for his wits were distraught with terror, and the reins had slipped from his hands, but Patroclus drew nigh to him, and smote him upon the right jaw with his spear, and drave it through his teeth; and he laid hold of the spear and dragged him over the chariot-rim, as when a man sitting upon a jutting rock draggeth to land a sacred fish from out the sea, with line and gleaming hook of bronze; even so on the bright spear dragged he him agape from out the car,
ἂψ ἐπὶ νῆας ἔεργε παλιμπετές, οὐδὲ πόληος εἴα ἱεμένους ἐπιβαινέμεν, ἀλλὰ μεσηγὺ νηῶν καὶ ποταμοῦ καὶ τείχεος ὑψηλοῖο κτεῖνε μεταΐσσων, πολέων δʼ ἀπετίνυτο ποινήν. ἔνθʼ ἤτοι Πρόνοον πρῶτον βάλε δουρὶ φαεινῷ στέρνον γυμνωθέντα παρʼ ἀσπίδα, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα· δούπησεν δὲ πεσών· δὲ Θέστορα Ἤνοπος υἱὸν δεύτερον ὁρμηθείς· μὲν εὐξέστῳ ἐνὶ δίφρῳ ἧστο ἀλείς· ἐκ γὰρ πλήγη φρένας, ἐκ δʼ ἄρα χειρῶν ἡνία ἠΐχθησαν· δʼ ἔγχεϊ νύξε παραστὰς γναθμὸν δεξιτερόν, διὰ δʼ αὐτοῦ πεῖρεν ὀδόντων, ἕλκε δὲ δουρὸς ἑλὼν ὑπὲρ ἄντυγος, ὡς ὅτε τις φὼς πέτρῃ ἔπι προβλῆτι καθήμενος ἱερὸν ἰχθὺν ἐκ πόντοιο θύραζε λίνῳ καὶ ἤνοπι χαλκῷ· ὣς ἕλκʼ ἐκ δίφροιο κεχηνότα δουρὶ φαεινῷ,
Zeus to Hera · divine
Lines 433–438
And in twofold wise is my heart divided in counsel as I ponder in my thought whether I shall snatch him up while yet he liveth and set him afar from the tearful war in the rich land of Lycia, or whether I shall slay him now beneath the hands of the son of Menoetius.
μοι ἐγών, τέ μοι Σαρπηδόνα φίλτατον ἀνδρῶν μοῖρʼ ὑπὸ Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο δαμῆναι. διχθὰ δέ μοι κραδίη μέμονε φρεσὶν ὁρμαίνοντι, μιν ζωὸν ἐόντα μάχης ἄπο δακρυοέσσης θείω ἀναρπάξας Λυκίης ἐν πίονι δήμῳ, ἤδη ὑπὸ χερσὶ Μενοιτιάδαο δαμάσσω.
Lattimore commentary
Although Zeus laments that it is fate (moira) for his son to die, he nevertheless considers saving him, thereby overriding the set course of events. Hera’s response affirms that Zeus is able to go against fate, but he risks the anger and disapproval of the other gods, in a lost cause (since Sarpedon, a mortal, must die sometime).
Hera to Zeus · divine
Lines 440–457
Most dread son of Cronos, what a word hast thou said! A man that is mortal, doomed long since by fate, art thou minded to deliver again from dolorous death? Do as thou wilt; but be sure that we other gods assent not all thereto. And another thing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart:if thou send Sarpedon living to his house, bethink thee lest hereafter some other god also be minded to send his own dear son away from the fierce conflict; for many there be fighting around the great city of Priam that are sons of the immortals, and among the gods wilt thou send dread wrath.But and if he be dear to thee, and thine heart be grieved, suffer thou him verily to be slain in the fierce conflict beneath the hands of Patroclus, son of Menoetius; but when his soul and life have left him, then send thou Death and sweet Sleep to bear him awayuntil they come to the land of wide Lycia; and there shall his brethren and his kinsfolk give him burial with mound and pillar; for this is the due of the dead. So spake she, and the father of men and gods failed to hearken. Howbeit he shed bloody rain-drops on the earth, if thou send Sarpedon living to his house, bethink thee lest hereafter some other god also be minded to send his own dear son away from the fierce conflict; for many there be fighting around the great city of Priam that are sons of the immortals, and among the gods wilt thou send dread wrath. But and if he be dear to thee, and thine heart be grieved, suffer thou him verily to be slain in the fierce conflict beneath the hands of Patroclus, son of Menoetius; but when his soul and life have left him, then send thou Death and sweet Sleep to bear him away until they come to the land of wide Lycia; and there shall his brethren and his kinsfolk give him burial with mound and pillar; for this is the due of the dead.
αἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες. ἄνδρα θνητὸν ἐόντα πάλαι πεπρωμένον αἴσῃ ἂψ ἐθέλεις θανάτοιο δυσηχέος ἐξαναλῦσαι; ἔρδʼ· ἀτὰρ οὔ τοι πάντες ἐπαινέομεν θεοὶ ἄλλοι. ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν· αἴ κε ζὼν πέμψῃς Σαρπηδόνα ὃν δὲ δόμον δέ, φράζεο μή τις ἔπειτα θεῶν ἐθέλῃσι καὶ ἄλλος πέμπειν ὃν φίλον υἱὸν ἀπὸ κρατερῆς ὑσμίνης· πολλοὶ γὰρ περὶ ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο μάχονται υἱέες ἀθανάτων, τοῖσιν κότον αἰνὸν ἐνήσεις. ἀλλʼ εἴ τοι φίλος ἐστί, τεὸν δʼ ὀλοφύρεται ἦτορ, ἤτοι μέν μιν ἔασον ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ χέρσʼ ὕπο Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο δαμῆναι· αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν δὴ τόν γε λίπῃ ψυχή τε καὶ αἰών, πέμπειν μιν θάνατόν τε φέρειν καὶ νήδυμον ὕπνον εἰς κε δὴ Λυκίης εὐρείης δῆμον ἵκωνται, ἔνθά ταρχύσουσι κασίγνητοί τε ἔται τε τύμβῳ τε στήλῃ τε· τὸ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων.
Lines 473–487
and the other two were righted, and strained at the reins; and the two warriors came together again in soul-devouring strife. But Patroclus in turn rushed on with the bronze, and not in vain did the shaft speed from his hand, but smote his foe where the midriff is set close about the throbbing heart. And he fell as an oak falls, or a poplar, or a tall pine, that among the mountains shipwrights fell with whetted axes to be a ship's timber; even so before his horses and chariot he lay outstretched, moaning aloud and clutching at the bloody dust. And as a lion cometh into the midst of a herd and slayeth a bull, tawny and high of heart amid the kine of trailing gait, and with a groan he perisheth beneath the jaws of the lion;
σπασσάμενος τανύηκες ἄορ παχέος παρὰ μηροῦ ἀΐξας ἀπέκοψε παρήορον οὐδʼ ἐμάτησε· τὼ δʼ ἰθυνθήτην, ἐν δὲ ῥυτῆρσι τάνυσθεν· τὼ δʼ αὖτις συνίτην ἔριδος πέρι θυμοβόροιο. ἔνθʼ αὖ Σαρπηδὼν μὲν ἀπήμβροτε δουρὶ φαεινῷ, Πατρόκλου δʼ ὑπὲρ ὦμον ἀριστερὸν ἤλυθʼ ἀκωκὴ ἔγχεος, οὐδʼ ἔβαλʼ αὐτόν· δʼ ὕστερος ὄρνυτο χαλκῷ Πάτροκλος· τοῦ δʼ οὐχ ἅλιον βέλος ἔκφυγε χειρός, ἀλλʼ ἔβαλʼ ἔνθʼ ἄρα τε φρένες ἔρχαται ἀμφʼ ἁδινὸν κῆρ. ἤριπε δʼ ὡς ὅτε τις δρῦς ἤριπεν ἀχερωῒς ἠὲ πίτυς βλωθρή, τήν τʼ οὔρεσι τέκτονες ἄνδρες ἐξέταμον πελέκεσσι νεήκεσι νήϊον εἶναι· ὣς πρόσθʼ ἵππων καὶ δίφρου κεῖτο τανυσθεὶς βεβρυχὼς κόνιος δεδραγμένος αἱματοέσσης. ἠΰτε ταῦρον ἔπεφνε λέων ἀγέληφι μετελθὼν
Lattimore commentary
Sarpedon’s end, the first of three extended death scenes that climax the poem, is accompanied by two similes (the tree and bull), a death speech with last words (492–501), but no speech by the killer (unlike the subsequent examples). The presence of Glaukos here foregrounds the theme of intense comradeship embodied by Achilleus and Patroklos: one man’s close companion has now slain another’s.
Lines 503–513
and at the one moment he drew forth the spear-point and the soul of Sarpedon. And the Myrmidons stayed there the snorting horses, that were fain to flee now that they had left the chariot of their lords. And with his hand he caught and pressed his arm, for his wound tormented him, the wound that Teucer, while warding off destruction from his comrades, had dealt him with his arrow as he rushed upon the high wall. Then in prayer he spake to Apollo, that smiteth afar: Hear me, O king that art haply in the rich land of Lyciaor haply in Troy, but everywhere hast power to hearken unto a man that is in sorrow, even as now sorrow is come upon me. For I have this grievous wound and mine arm on this side and on that is shot through with sharp pangs, nor can the blood be staunched; and my shoulder is made heavy with the wound,and I avail not to grasp my spear firmly, neither to go and fight with the foe-men. And a man far the noblest hath perished, even Sarpedon, the son of Zeus; and he succoureth not his own child. Howbeit, do thou, O king, heal me of this grievous wound, and lull my pains, and give me might,that I may call to my comrades, the Lycians, and urge them on to fight, and myself do battle about the body of him that is fallen in death. So spake he in prayer, and Phoebus Apollo heard him. Forthwith he made his pains to cease, and staunched the black blood that flowed from his grievous wound, and put might into his heart.
ὀφθαλμοὺς ῥῖνάς θʼ· δὲ λὰξ ἐν στήθεσι βαίνων ἐκ χροὸς ἕλκε δόρυ, προτὶ δὲ φρένες αὐτῷ ἕποντο· τοῖο δʼ ἅμα ψυχήν τε καὶ ἔγχεος ἐξέρυσʼ αἰχμήν. Μυρμιδόνες δʼ αὐτοῦ σχέθον ἵππους φυσιόωντας ἱεμένους φοβέεσθαι, ἐπεὶ λίπον ἅρματʼ ἀνάκτων. Γλαύκῳ δʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος γένετο φθογγῆς ἀΐοντι· ὠρίνθη δέ οἱ ἦτορ τʼ οὐ δύνατο προσαμῦναι. χειρὶ δʼ ἑλὼν ἐπίεζε βραχίονα· τεῖρε γὰρ αὐτὸν ἕλκος, δή μιν Τεῦκρος ἐπεσσύμενον βάλεν ἰῷ τείχεος ὑψηλοῖο, ἀρὴν ἑτάροισιν ἀμύνων. εὐχόμενος δʼ ἄρα εἶπεν ἑκηβόλῳ Ἀπόλλωνι·
Lines 527–537
And Glaucus knew in his mind, and was glad that the great god had quickly heard his prayer. First fared he up and down everywhere and urged on the leaders of the Lycians to fight for Sarpedon, and thereafter went with long strides into the midst of the Trojans, unto Polydamas, son of Panthous, and goodly Agenor, and he went after Aeneas, and after Hector, harnessed in bronze. And he came up to him and spake winged words, saying: Hector, now in good sooth art thou utterly forgetful of the allies, that for thy sake far from their friends and their native landare wasting their lives away, yet thou carest not to aid them. Low lies Sarpedon, leader of the Lycian shieldmen, he that guarded Lycia by his judgments and his might. Him hath brazen Ares laid low beneath the spear of Patroclus. Nay, friends, take your stand beside him, and have indignation in heart,lest the Myrmidons strip him of his armour and work shame upon his corpse, being wroth for the sake of all the Danaans that have perished, whom we slew with our spears at the swift ships.
ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων. αὐτίκα παῦσʼ ὀδύνας ἀπὸ δʼ ἕλκεος ἀργαλέοιο αἷμα μέλαν τέρσηνε, μένος δέ οἱ ἔμβαλε θυμῷ. Γλαῦκος δʼ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ γήθησέν τε ὅττί οἱ ὦκʼ ἤκουσε μέγας θεὸς εὐξαμένοιο. πρῶτα μὲν ὄτρυνεν Λυκίων ἡγήτορας ἄνδρας πάντῃ ἐποιχόμενος Σαρπηδόνος ἀμφιμάχεσθαι· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα μετὰ Τρῶας κίε μακρὰ βιβάσθων Πουλυδάμαντʼ ἔπι Πανθοΐδην καὶ Ἀγήνορα δῖον, βῆ δὲ μετʼ Αἰνείαν τε καὶ Ἕκτορα χαλκοκορυστήν, ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·
Lines 796–810
to wear upon his head, yet was destruction near at hand for him. And in the hands of Patroclus the far-shadowing spear was wholly broken, the spear, heavy, and huge, and strong, and tipped with bronze; and from his shoulders the tasselled shield with its baldric fell to the ground, and his corselet did Apollo loose—the prince, the son of Zeus. Then blindness seized his mind, and his glorious limbs were loosed beneath him, and he stood in a daze; and from behind him from close at hand a Dardanian smote him upon the back between the shoulders with a cast of his sharp spear, even Panthous' son, Euphorbus, that excelled all men of his years in casting the spear, and in horsemanship, and in speed of foot; and lo, twenty warriors had he already cast from their cars at his first coming with his chariot to learn his lesson of war. He it was that first hurled his spear at thee, knight Patroclus, yet subdued thee not; but he ran back again and mingled with the throng, when he had drawn forth the ashen spear from the flesh, and he abode not
αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσι· πάρος γε μὲν οὐ θέμις ἦεν ἱππόκομον πήληκα μιαίνεσθαι κονίῃσιν, ἀλλʼ ἀνδρὸς θείοιο κάρη χαρίεν τε μέτωπον ῥύετʼ Ἀχιλλῆος· τότε δὲ Ζεὺς Ἕκτορι δῶκεν κεφαλῇ φορέειν, σχεδόθεν δέ οἱ ἦεν ὄλεθρος. πᾶν δέ οἱ ἐν χείρεσσιν ἄγη δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος βριθὺ μέγα στιβαρὸν κεκορυθμένον· αὐτὰρ ἀπʼ ὤμων ἀσπὶς σὺν τελαμῶνι χαμαὶ πέσε τερμιόεσσα. λῦσε δέ οἱ θώρηκα ἄναξ Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων. τὸν δʼ ἄτη φρένας εἷλε, λύθεν δʼ ὑπὸ φαίδιμα γυῖα, στῆ δὲ ταφών· ὄπιθεν δὲ μετάφρενον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ ὤμων μεσσηγὺς σχεδόθεν βάλε Δάρδανος ἀνὴρ Πανθοΐδης Εὔφορβος, ὃς ἡλικίην ἐκέκαστο ἔγχεΐ θʼ ἱπποσύνῃ τε πόδεσσί τε καρπαλίμοισι· καὶ γὰρ δὴ τότε φῶτας ἐείκοσι βῆσεν ἀφʼ ἵππων
Lines 830–842
Patroclus, thou thoughtest, I ween, that thou wouldest sack our city, and from the women of Troy wouldest take the day of freedom, and bear them in thy ships to thy dear native land, thou fool. Nay, in front of them the swift horses of Hector stride forth to the fight,and with the spear I myself am pre-eminent among the war-loving Trojans, even I that ward from them the day of doom; but for thee, vultures shall devour thee here. Ah, poor wretch, even Achilles, for all his valour, availed thee not, who, I ween, though himself abiding behind, laid strait command upon thee, as thou wentest forth: Come not back, I charge thee, Patroclus, master of horsemen,to the hollow ships, till thou hast cloven about the breast of man-slaying Hector the tunic red with his blood. So, I ween, spake he to thee, and persuaded thy wits in thy witlessness. Then, thy strength all spent, didst thou answer him, knight Patroclus: For this time, Hector, boast thou mightily; for to thee haveZeus, the son of Cronos, and Apollo, vouchsafed victory, they that subdued me full easily, for of themselves they took the harness from my shoulders. But if twenty such as thou had faced me, here would all have perished, slain by my spear. Nay, it was baneful Fate and the son of Leto that slew me,and of men Euphorbus, while thou art the third in my slaying. And another thing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart: verily thou shalt not thyself be long in life, but even now doth death stand hard by thee, and mighty fate, that thou be slain beneath the hands of Achilles, the peerless son of Aeacus. and with the spear I myself am pre-eminent among the war-loving Trojans, even I that ward from them the day of doom; but for thee, vultures shall devour thee here. Ah, poor wretch, even Achilles, for all his valour, availed thee not, who, I ween, though himself abiding behind, laid strait command upon thee, as thou wentest forth: Come not back, I charge thee, Patroclus, master of horsemen,to the hollow ships, till thou hast cloven about the breast of man-slaying Hector the tunic red with his blood. So, I ween, spake he to thee, and persuaded thy wits in thy witlessness. to the hollow ships, till thou hast cloven about the breast of man-slaying Hector the tunic red with his blood.
Πάτροκλʼ που ἔφησθα πόλιν κεραϊξέμεν ἁμήν, Τρωϊάδας δὲ γυναῖκας ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ ἀπούρας ἄξειν ἐν νήεσσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν νήπιε· τάων δὲ πρόσθʼ Ἕκτορος ὠκέες ἵπποι ποσσὶν ὀρωρέχαται πολεμίζειν· ἔγχεϊ δʼ αὐτὸς Τρωσὶ φιλοπτολέμοισι μεταπρέπω, σφιν ἀμύνω ἦμαρ ἀναγκαῖον· σὲ δέ τʼ ἐνθάδε γῦπες ἔδονται. δείλʼ, οὐδέ τοι ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν χραίσμησεν Ἀχιλλεύς, ὅς πού τοι μάλα πολλὰ μένων ἐπετέλλετʼ ἰόντι· μή μοι πρὶν ἰέναι Πατρόκλεες ἱπποκέλευθε νῆας ἔπι γλαφυρὰς πρὶν Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο αἱματόεντα χιτῶνα περὶ στήθεσσι δαΐξαι. ὥς πού σε προσέφη, σοὶ δὲ φρένας ἄφρονι πεῖθε.
Lattimore commentary
Hektor’s taunt to the dying Patroklos gets details wrong, and an audience realizes the grim irony. Achilleus, for example, did not tell him to slay Hektor. It is interesting that Hektor begins with mention of the capture of Trojan women, as if his parting conversation with Andromachē (book 6) remains foremost in his thoughts.
Lines 844–854
Zeus, the son of Cronos, and Apollo, vouchsafed victory, they that subdued me full easily, for of themselves they took the harness from my shoulders. But if twenty such as thou had faced me, here would all have perished, slain by my spear. Nay, it was baneful Fate and the son of Leto that slew me, and of men Euphorbus, while thou art the third in my slaying. And another thing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart: verily thou shalt not thyself be long in life, but even now doth death stand hard by thee, and mighty fate, that thou be slain beneath the hands of Achilles, the peerless son of Aeacus.
ἤδη νῦν Ἕκτορ μεγάλʼ εὔχεο· σοὶ γὰρ ἔδωκε νίκην Ζεὺς Κρονίδης καὶ Ἀπόλλων, οἵ με δάμασσαν ῥηιδίως· αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἀπʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἕλοντο. τοιοῦτοι δʼ εἴ πέρ μοι ἐείκοσιν ἀντεβόλησαν, πάντές κʼ αὐτόθʼ ὄλοντο ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμέντες. ἀλλά με μοῖρʼ ὀλοὴ καὶ Λητοῦς ἔκτανεν υἱός, ἀνδρῶν δʼ Εὔφορβος· σὺ δέ με τρίτος ἐξεναρίζεις. ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν· οὔ θην οὐδʼ αὐτὸς δηρὸν βέῃ, ἀλλά τοι ἤδη ἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιὴ χερσὶ δαμέντʼ Ἀχιλῆος ἀμύμονος Αἰακίδαο.
Lattimore commentary
The pervasive folk tradition that a dying person’s last words are prophetic can be seen already at work here. Cf. Socrates’ at his trial predicting punishment for the Athenians (Plato, Apology, 39c).
Lines 82–90
stripping off the glorious arms, and of the other lying on the ground; and the blood was flowing down from the stricken wound. Then strode he forth amid the foremost fighters, harnessed in flaming bronze, crying a shrill cry, in fashion like unto the flame of Hephaestus that none may quench. Nor was his shrill cry unheard of the son of Atreus, but sore troubled he spake to his own great-hearted spirit: Ah, woe is me! If I leave behind the goodly arms, and Patroclus, that here lieth low for that he would get me recompense, I fear lest many a Danaan wax wroth against me, whosoever beholdeth it. But if for very shame I, that am alone, do battle with Hector and the Trojans,I fear lest haply they beset me round about, many against one; for all the Trojans is Hector of the flashing helm leading hitherward. But why doth my heart thus hold converse with me? Whenso a warrior is minded against the will of heaven to fight with another whom a god honoureth, forthwith then upon him rolleth mighty woe.Therefore shall no man of the Danaans wax wroth against me, whoso shall mark me giving ground before Hector, seeing he fighteth with the help of heaven. But if I might anywhere find Aias, good at the war-cry, then might we twain turn back and bethink us of fight, even were it against the will of heaven, in hope to save the deadfor Achilles, Peleus' son: of ills that were the best.
ὣς εἰπὼν μὲν αὖτις ἔβη θεὸς ἂμ πόνον ἀνδρῶν, Ἕκτορα δʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος πύκασε φρένας ἀμφὶ μελαίνας· πάπτηνεν δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα κατὰ στίχας, αὐτίκα δʼ ἔγνω τὸν μὲν ἀπαινύμενον κλυτὰ τεύχεα, τὸν δʼ ἐπὶ γαίῃ κείμενον· ἔρρει δʼ αἷμα κατʼ οὐταμένην ὠτειλήν. βῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ ὀξέα κεκλήγων φλογὶ εἴκελος Ἡφαίστοιο ἀσβέστῳ· οὐδʼ υἱὸν λάθεν Ἀτρέος ὀξὺ βοήσας· ὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·
Lines 256–270
But of the rest, what man of his own wit could name the names—of all that came after these and aroused the battle of the Achaeans? Then the Trojans drave forward in close throng, and Hector led them. And as when at the mouth of some heaven-fed river the mighty wave roareth against the stream, and the headlands of the shore echo on either hand, as the salt-sea belloweth without; even with such din of shouting came on the Trojans. But the Achaeans stood firm about the son of Menoetius with oneness of heart, fenced about with shields of bronze. And the son of Cronos shed thick darkness over their bright helms, for even aforetime was the son of Menoetius nowise hated of him, while he was yet alive and the squire of the son of Aeacus; and now was Zeus full loath that he should become the sport of the dogs of his foemen, even them of Troy; wherefore Zeus roused his comrades to defend him.
ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὀξὺ δʼ ἄκουσεν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας· πρῶτος δʼ ἀντίος ἦλθε θέων ἀνὰ δηϊοτῆτα, τὸν δὲ μετʼ Ἰδομενεὺς καὶ ὀπάων Ἰδομενῆος Μηριόνης ἀτάλαντος Ἐνυαλίῳ ἀνδρειφόντῃ. τῶν δʼ ἄλλων τίς κεν ᾗσι φρεσὶν οὐνόματʼ εἴποι, ὅσσοι δὴ μετόπισθε μάχην ἤγειραν Ἀχαιῶν; Τρῶες δὲ προὔτυψαν ἀολλέες· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρʼ Ἕκτωρ. ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἐπὶ προχοῇσι διιπετέος ποταμοῖο βέβρυχεν μέγα κῦμα ποτὶ ῥόον, ἀμφὶ δέ τʼ ἄκραι ἠϊόνες βοόωσιν ἐρευγομένης ἁλὸς ἔξω, τόσσῃ ἄρα Τρῶες ἰαχῇ ἴσαν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ ἕστασαν ἀμφὶ Μενοιτιάδῃ ἕνα θυμὸν ἔχοντες φραχθέντες σάκεσιν χαλκήρεσιν· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρά σφι λαμπρῇσιν κορύθεσσι Κρονίων ἠέρα πολλὴν χεῦʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ Μενοιτιάδην ἔχθαιρε πάρος γε,
Lines 316–326
dear to Ares, up to Ilios, vanquished in their cowardice, and the Argives would have won glory even beyond the allotment of Zeus, by reason of their might and their strength, had not Apollo himself aroused Aeneas, taking upon him the form of the herald, Periphas, son of Epytos, that in the house of his old father had grown old in his heraldship, and withal was of kindly mind toward him. In his likeness spake unto Aeneas the son of Zeus, Apollo: Aeneas, how could ye ever guard steep Ilios, in defiance of a god? In sooth I have seen other men that had trust in their strength and might, in their valourand in their host, and that held their realm even in defiance of Zeus. But for us Zeus willeth the victory far more than for the Danaans; yet yourselves ye have measureless fear, and fight not. So spake he, and Aeneas knew Apollo that smiteth afar, when he looked upon his face, and he called aloud, and spake to Hector:
χώρησαν δʼ ὑπό τε πρόμαχοι καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ· Ἀργεῖοι δὲ μέγα ἴαχον, ἐρύσαντο δὲ νεκροὺς Φόρκυν θʼ Ἱππόθοόν τε, λύοντο δὲ τεύχεʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων. ἔνθά κεν αὖτε Τρῶες ἀρηϊφίλων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν Ἴλιον εἰσανέβησαν ἀναλκείῃσι δαμέντες, Ἀργεῖοι δέ κε κῦδος ἕλον καὶ ὑπὲρ Διὸς αἶσαν κάρτεϊ καὶ σθένεϊ σφετέρῳ· ἀλλʼ αὐτὸς Ἀπόλλων Αἰνείαν ὄτρυνε δέμας Περίφαντι ἐοικὼς κήρυκι Ἠπυτίδῃ, ὅς οἱ παρὰ πατρὶ γέροντι κηρύσσων γήρασκε φίλα φρεσὶ μήδεα εἰδώς· τῷ μιν ἐεισάμενος προσέφη Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων·
Lines 469–473
hath put in thy breast unprofitable counsel and taken from thee thy heart of understanding, that thus in the foremost throng thou fightest with the Trojans, alone as thou art? For thy comrade hath been slain, and his armour Hector weareth on his own shoulders, even the armour of the son of Aeacus, and glorieth therein.
Αὐτόμεδον, τίς τοί νυ θεῶν νηκερδέα βουλὴν ἐν στήθεσσιν ἔθηκε, καὶ ἐξέλετο φρένας ἐσθλάς; οἷον πρὸς Τρῶας μάχεαι πρώτῳ ἐν ὁμίλῳ μοῦνος· ἀτάρ τοι ἑταῖρος ἀπέκτατο, τεύχεα δʼ Ἕκτωρ αὐτὸς ἔχων ὤμοισιν ἀγάλλεται Αἰακίδαο.
Lines 491–500
And with them went Chromius, and godlike Aretus both,and their hearts within them were full of hope to slay the men and drive off the horses with high-arched necks—fools that they were! for not without shedding of blood were they to get them back from Automedon. He made prayer to father Zeus, and his dark heart within him was filled with valour and strength; and forthwith he spake to Alcimedon, his trusty comrade: Alcimedon, not afar from me do thou hold the horses, but let their breath smite upon my very back; for I verily deem not that Hector, son of Priam, will be stayed from his fury until he mount behind the fair-maned horses of Achilles,and have slain the two of us, and driven in rout the ranks of the Argive warriors, or haply himself be slain amid the foremost. So spake he, and called to the two Aiantes and to Menelaus: Ye Aiantes twain, leaders of the Argives, and thou Menelaus, lo now, leave ye the corpse in charge of them that are bravestto stand firm about it and to ward off the ranks of men; but from us twain that yet live ward ye off the pitiless day of doom, for here are pressing hard in tearful war Hector and Aeneas, the best men of the Trojans. Yet these things verily lie on the knees of the gods:I too will cast, and the issue shall rest with Zeus.
ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησεν ἐῢς πάϊς Ἀγχίσαο. τὼ δʼ ἰθὺς βήτην βοέῃς εἰλυμένω ὤμους αὔῃσι στερεῇσι· πολὺς δʼ ἐπελήλατο χαλκός. τοῖσι δʼ ἅμα Χρομίος τε καὶ Ἄρητος θεοειδὴς ἤϊσαν ἀμφότεροι· μάλα δέ σφισιν ἔλπετο θυμὸς αὐτώ τε κτενέειν ἐλάαν τʼ ἐριαύχενας ἵππους νήπιοι, οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ἀναιμωτί γε νέεσθαι αὖτις ἀπʼ Αὐτομέδοντος. δʼ εὐξάμενος Διὶ πατρὶ ἀλκῆς καὶ σθένεος πλῆτο φρένας ἀμφὶ μελαίνας· αὐτίκα δʼ Ἀλκιμέδοντα προσηύδα πιστὸν ἑταῖρον·
Lines 567–581
and in his breast set the daring of the fly, that though it be driven away never so often from the skin of a man, ever persisteth in biting, and sweet to it is the blood of man; even with such daring filled she his dark heart within him, and he stood over Patroclus and hurled with his bright spear. Now among the Trojans was one Podes, son of Eetion, a rich man and a valiant, and Hector honoured him above all the people, for that he was his comrade, a welcome companion at the feast. Him, fair-haired Menelaus smote upon the belt with a spear cast as he started to flee, and drave the bronze clean through; and he fell with a thud. But Menelaus, son of Atreus, dragged the dead body from amid the Trojans into the throng of his comrades. Then unto Hector did Apollo draw nigh, and urged him on, in the likeness of Asius' son Phaenops, that of all his guest-friends was dearest to him, and had his house at Abydus.
ὣς φάτο, γήθησεν δὲ θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη, ὅττί ῥά οἱ πάμπρωτα θεῶν ἠρήσατο πάντων. ἐν δὲ βίην ὤμοισι καὶ ἐν γούνεσσιν ἔθηκε, καί οἱ μυίης θάρσος ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐνῆκεν, τε καὶ ἐργομένη μάλα περ χροὸς ἀνδρομέοιο ἰσχανάᾳ δακέειν, λαρόν τέ οἱ αἷμʼ ἀνθρώπου· τοίου μιν θάρσευς πλῆσε φρένας ἀμφὶ μελαίνας, βῆ δʼ ἐπὶ Πατρόκλῳ, καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ. ἔσκε δʼ ἐνὶ Τρώεσσι Ποδῆς υἱὸς Ἠετίωνος ἀφνειός τʼ ἀγαθός τε· μάλιστα δέ μιν τίεν Ἕκτωρ δήμου, ἐπεί οἱ ἑταῖρος ἔην φίλος εἰλαπιναστής· τόν ῥα κατὰ ζωστῆρα βάλε ξανθὸς Μενέλαος ἀΐξαντα φόβον δέ, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσε· δούπησεν δὲ πεσών· ἀτὰρ Ἀτρεΐδης Μενέλαος νεκρὸν ὑπʼ ἐκ Τρώων ἔρυσεν μετὰ ἔθνος ἑταίρων.
Lattimore commentary
The courage of the mosquito may seem a backhanded compliment. The image recalls 4.130 when Athene warded off a deadly missile from Menelaos like a mother swatting away a fly. Here the hero is at the other end of the simile, as it were—the persistent attacker rather than the helpless victim.
Lines 15–17
While he pondered thus in mind and heart, there drew nigh unto him the son of lordly Nestor, shedding hot tears, and spake the grievous tidings: Woe is me, thou son of wise-hearted Peleus, full grievous is the tidings thou must hear, such as I would had never been.Low lies Patroclus, and around his corpse are they fighting—his naked corpse; but his armour is held by Hector of the flashing helm.
εἷος ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν, τόφρά οἱ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθεν ἀγαυοῦ Νέστορος υἱὸς δάκρυα θερμὰ χέων, φάτο δʼ ἀγγελίην ἀλεγεινήν·
Thetis to Achilles · divine
Lines 73–77
by Zeus, as aforetime thou didst pray, stretching forth thy hands, even that one and all the sons of the Achaeans should be huddled at the sterns of the ships in sore need of thee, and should suffer cruel things.
τέκνον τί κλαίεις; τί δέ σε φρένας ἵκετο πένθος; ἐξαύδα, μὴ κεῦθε· τὰ μὲν δή τοι τετέλεσται ἐκ Διός, ὡς ἄρα δὴ πρίν γʼ εὔχεο χεῖρας ἀνασχὼν πάντας ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσιν ἀλήμεναι υἷας Ἀχαιῶν σεῦ ἐπιδευομένους, παθέειν τʼ ἀεκήλια ἔργα.
Lines 79–93
but what pleasure have I therein, seeing my dear comrade is dead, even Patroclus, whom I honoured above all my comrades, even as mine own self? Him have I lost, and his armour Hector that slew him hath stripped from him, that fair armour, huge of size, a wonder to behold, that the gods gave as a glorious gift to Peleus on the day when they laid thee in the bed of a mortal man. Would thou hadst remained where thou wast amid the immortal maidens of the sea, and that Peleus had taken to his home a mortal bride. But now—it was thus that thou too mightest have measureless grief at heart for thy dead son, whom thou shalt never again welcome to his home; for neither doth my own heart bid me live on and abide among men, unless Hector first, smitten by my spear, shall lose his life, and pay back the price for that he made spoil of Patroclus, son of Menoetius.
μῆτερ ἐμή, τὰ μὲν ἄρ μοι Ὀλύμπιος ἐξετέλεσσεν· ἀλλὰ τί μοι τῶν ἦδος ἐπεὶ φίλος ὤλεθʼ ἑταῖρος Πάτροκλος, τὸν ἐγὼ περὶ πάντων τῖον ἑταίρων ἶσον ἐμῇ κεφαλῇ; τὸν ἀπώλεσα, τεύχεα δʼ Ἕκτωρ δῃώσας ἀπέδυσε πελώρια θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι καλά· τὰ μὲν Πηλῆϊ θεοὶ δόσαν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα ἤματι τῷ ὅτε σε βροτοῦ ἀνέρος ἔμβαλον εὐνῇ. αἴθʼ ὄφελες σὺ μὲν αὖθι μετʼ ἀθανάτῃς ἁλίῃσι ναίειν, Πηλεὺς δὲ θνητὴν ἀγαγέσθαι ἄκοιτιν. νῦν δʼ ἵνα καὶ σοὶ πένθος ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μυρίον εἴη παιδὸς ἀποφθιμένοιο, τὸν οὐχ ὑποδέξεαι αὖτις οἴκαδε νοστήσαντʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐδʼ ἐμὲ θυμὸς ἄνωγε ζώειν οὐδʼ ἄνδρεσσι μετέμμεναι, αἴ κε μὴ Ἕκτωρ πρῶτος ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσῃ, Πατρόκλοιο δʼ ἕλωρα Μενοιτιάδεω ἀποτίσῃ.
Lines 310–323
the whole night through made moan in lamentation for Patroclus. And among them the son of Peleus began the vehement lamentation, laying his man-slaying hands upon the breast of his comrade and uttering many a groan, even as a bearded lion whose whelps some hunter of stags hath snatched away from out the thick wood; and the lion coming back thereafter grieveth sore, and through many a glen he rangeth on the track of the footsteps of the man, if so be he may anywhere find him; for anger exceeding grim layeth hold of him. Even so with heavy groaning spake Achilles among the Myrmidons:
ὣς Ἕκτωρ ἀγόρευʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ Τρῶες κελάδησαν νήπιοι· ἐκ γάρ σφεων φρένας εἵλετο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη. Ἕκτορι μὲν γὰρ ἐπῄνησαν κακὰ μητιόωντι, Πουλυδάμαντι δʼ ἄρʼ οὔ τις ὃς ἐσθλὴν φράζετο βουλήν. δόρπον ἔπειθʼ εἵλοντο κατὰ στρατόν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ παννύχιοι Πάτροκλον ἀνεστενάχοντο γοῶντες. τοῖσι δὲ Πηλεΐδης ἁδινοῦ ἐξῆρχε γόοιο χεῖρας ἐπʼ ἀνδροφόνους θέμενος στήθεσσιν ἑταίρου πυκνὰ μάλα στενάχων ὥς τε λὶς ἠϋγένειος, ῥά θʼ ὑπὸ σκύμνους ἐλαφηβόλος ἁρπάσῃ ἀνὴρ ὕλης ἐκ πυκινῆς· δέ τʼ ἄχνυται ὕστερος ἐλθών, πολλὰ δέ τʼ ἄγκεʼ ἐπῆλθε μετʼ ἀνέρος ἴχνιʼ ἐρευνῶν εἴ ποθεν ἐξεύροι· μάλα γὰρ δριμὺς χόλος αἱρεῖ· ὣς βαρὺ στενάχων μετεφώνεε Μυρμιδόνεσσιν·
Lines 410–423
He spake, and from the anvil rose, a huge, panting319.2 bulk, halting the while, but beneath him his slender legs moved nimbly. The bellows he set away from the fire, and gathered all the tools wherewith he wrought into a silver chest; and with a sponge wiped he his face and his two hands withal, and his mighty neck and shaggy breast, and put upon him a tunic, and grasped a stout staff, and went forth halting; but there moved swiftly to support their lord handmaidens wrought of gold in the semblance of living maids. In them is understanding in their hearts, and in them speech and strength, and they know cunning handiwork by gift of the immortal gods. These busily moved to support their lord, and he, limping nigh to where Thetis was, sat him down upon a shining chair; and he clasped her by the hand, and spake, and addressed her: Wherefore, long-robed Thetis, art thou come to our house,an honoured guest and a welcome? Heretofore thou hast not been wont to come. Speak what is in thy mind; my heart bids me fulfill it, if fulfill it I can, and it is a thing that hath fulfillment.
ἦ, καὶ ἀπʼ ἀκμοθέτοιο πέλωρ αἴητον ἀνέστη χωλεύων· ὑπὸ δὲ κνῆμαι ῥώοντο ἀραιαί. φύσας μέν ῥʼ ἀπάνευθε τίθει πυρός, ὅπλά τε πάντα λάρνακʼ ἐς ἀργυρέην συλλέξατο, τοῖς ἐπονεῖτο· σπόγγῳ δʼ ἀμφὶ πρόσωπα καὶ ἄμφω χεῖρʼ ἀπομόργνυ αὐχένα τε στιβαρὸν καὶ στήθεα λαχνήεντα, δῦ δὲ χιτῶνʼ, ἕλε δὲ σκῆπτρον παχύ, βῆ δὲ θύραζε χωλεύων· ὑπὸ δʼ ἀμφίπολοι ῥώοντο ἄνακτι χρύσειαι ζωῇσι νεήνισιν εἰοικυῖαι. τῇς ἐν μὲν νόος ἐστὶ μετὰ φρεσίν, ἐν δὲ καὶ αὐδὴ καὶ σθένος, ἀθανάτων δὲ θεῶν ἄπο ἔργα ἴσασιν. αἳ μὲν ὕπαιθα ἄνακτος ἐποίπνυον· αὐτὰρ ἔρρων πλησίον, ἔνθα Θέτις περ, ἐπὶ θρόνου ἷζε φαεινοῦ, ἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρὶ ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·
Lattimore commentary
The golden robot maidens are described in terms similar to those used for Pandora (Hesiod, Works and Days, 70–82), gifted by all the gods with adornment and endowments.
Lines 463–467
when dread fate cometh upon him, as verily goodly armour shall be his, such that in aftertime many a one among the multitude of men shall marvel, whosoever shall behold it.
θάρσει· μή τοι ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι μελόντων. αἲ γάρ μιν θανάτοιο δυσηχέος ὧδε δυναίμην νόσφιν ἀποκρύψαι, ὅτε μιν μόρος αἰνὸς ἱκάνοι, ὥς οἱ τεύχεα καλὰ παρέσσεται, οἷά τις αὖτε ἀνθρώπων πολέων θαυμάσσεται, ὅς κεν ἴδηται.
Lines 12–20
neither dared any man to look thereon, but they shrank in fear. Howbeit, when Achilles saw the arms, then came wrath upon him yet the more, and his eyes blazed forth in terrible wise from beneath their lids, as it had been flame; and he was glad as he held in his arms the glorious gifts of the god. But when in his soul he had taken delight in gazing on the glory of them, forthwith to his mother he spake winged words: My mother, the arms that the god hath given are such as the works of immortals should fitly be, such as no mortal man could fashion. Now therefore will I array me for battle;yet am I sore afraid lest meantime flies enter the wounds that the bronze hath dealt on the corpse of the valiant son of Menoetius, and breed worms therein, and work shame upon his corpse—for the life is slain out of him—and so all his flesh shall rot. Then the goddess, silver-footed Thetis, answered him: My child, let not these things distress thy heart.From him will I essay to ward off the savage tribes, the flies that feed upon men slain in battle. For even though he lie for the full course of a year, yet shall his flesh be sound continually, or better even than now it is. But do thou call to the place of gathering the Achaean warriors,and renounce thy wrath against Agamemnon, shepherd of the host, and then array thee with all speed for battle and clothe thee in thy might.
ὡς ἄρα φωνήσασα θεὰ κατὰ τεύχεʼ ἔθηκε πρόσθεν Ἀχιλλῆος· τὰ δʼ ἀνέβραχε δαίδαλα πάντα. Μυρμιδόνας δʼ ἄρα πάντας ἕλε τρόμος, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη ἄντην εἰσιδέειν, ἀλλʼ ἔτρεσαν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς ὡς εἶδʼ, ὥς μιν μᾶλλον ἔδυ χόλος, ἐν δέ οἱ ὄσσε δεινὸν ὑπὸ βλεφάρων ὡς εἰ σέλας ἐξεφάανθεν· τέρπετο δʼ ἐν χείρεσσιν ἔχων θεοῦ ἀγλαὰ δῶρα. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ φρεσὶν ᾗσι τετάρπετο δαίδαλα λεύσσων αὐτίκα μητέρα ἣν ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·
Thetis to Achilles · divine
Lines 29–36
From him will I essay to ward off the savage tribes, the flies that feed upon men slain in battle. For even though he lie for the full course of a year, yet shall his flesh be sound continually, or better even than now it is. But do thou call to the place of gathering the Achaean warriors, and renounce thy wrath against Agamemnon, shepherd of the host, and then array thee with all speed for battle and clothe thee in thy might.
τέκνον μή τοι ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι μελόντων. τῷ μὲν ἐγὼ πειρήσω ἀλαλκεῖν ἄγρια φῦλα μυίας, αἵ ῥά τε φῶτας ἀρηϊφάτους κατέδουσιν· ἤν περ γὰρ κεῖταί γε τελεσφόρον εἰς ἐνιαυτόν, αἰεὶ τῷ γʼ ἔσται χρὼς ἔμπεδος, καὶ ἀρείων. ἀλλὰ σύ γʼ εἰς ἀγορὴν καλέσας ἥρωας Ἀχαιοὺς μῆνιν ἀποειπὼν Ἀγαμέμνονι ποιμένι λαῶν αἶψα μάλʼ ἐς πόλεμον θωρήσσεο, δύσεο δʼ ἀλκήν.
Hera to Zeus · divine
Lines 121–124
Ζεῦ πάτερ ἀργικέραυνε ἔπος τί τοι ἐν φρεσὶ θήσω· ἤδη ἀνὴρ γέγονʼ ἐσθλὸς ὃς Ἀργείοισιν ἀνάξει Εὐρυσθεὺς Σθενέλοιο πάϊς Περσηϊάδαο σὸν γένος· οὔ οἱ ἀεικὲς ἀνασσέμεν Ἀργείοισιν.
Lines 199–214
at some other time were it e'en better that ye be busied thus, when haply there shall come between some pause in war, and the fury in my breast be not so great. Now are they lying mangled, they that Hector, son of Priam, slew, Zeus vouch-safed him glory, and ye twain are bidding us to meat! Verily for mine own part would I even now bid the sons of the Achaeans do battle fasting and unfed, and at set of sun make them ready a mighty meal, when we shall have avenged the shame. Till that shall be, down my throat, at least, neither drink nor food shall pass, seeing my comrade is dead, who in my hut lieth mangled by the sharp bronze, his feet turned toward the door,1 while round about him our comrades mourn; wherefore it is nowise on these things that my heart is set, but on slaying, and blood, and the grievous groanings of men.
Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον ἄλλοτέ περ καὶ μᾶλλον ὀφέλλετε ταῦτα πένεσθαι, ὁππότε τις μεταπαυσωλὴ πολέμοιο γένηται καὶ μένος οὐ τόσον ᾖσιν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐμοῖσι. νῦν δʼ οἳ μὲν κέαται δεδαϊγμένοι, οὓς ἐδάμασσεν Ἕκτωρ Πριαμίδης, ὅτε οἱ Ζεὺς κῦδος ἔδωκεν, ὑμεῖς δʼ ἐς βρωτὺν ὀτρύνετον· τʼ ἂν ἔγωγε νῦν μὲν ἀνώγοιμι πτολεμίζειν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν νήστιας ἀκμήνους, ἅμα δʼ ἠελίῳ καταδύντι τεύξεσθαι μέγα δόρπον, ἐπὴν τεισαίμεθα λώβην. πρὶν δʼ οὔ πως ἂν ἔμοιγε φίλον κατὰ λαιμὸν ἰείη οὐ πόσις οὐδὲ βρῶσις ἑταίρου τεθνηῶτος ὅς μοι ἐνὶ κλισίῃ δεδαϊγμένος ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ κεῖται ἀνὰ πρόθυρον τετραμμένος, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι μύρονται· τό μοι οὔ τι μετὰ φρεσὶ ταῦτα μέμηλεν, ἀλλὰ φόνος τε καὶ αἷμα καὶ ἀργαλέος στόνος ἀνδρῶν.
Lattimore commentary
A gulf of feeling opens between the grief-frenzied Achilleus and the defenders of institutional norms. The younger man makes revenge primary, an occasion for something like a ritual fast and vow, while his elders dwell on practicalities like breakfast (see further 305–8).
Zeus to Athena · divine
Lines 342–348
he sitteth in front of his ships with upright horns, mourning for his dear comrade; the others verily are gone to their meal but he fasteth and will have naught of food. Nay go, shed thou into his breast nectar and pleasant ambrosia, that hunger-pangs come not upon him.
τέκνον ἐμόν, δὴ πάμπαν ἀποίχεαι ἀνδρὸς ἑῆος. νύ τοι οὐκέτι πάγχυ μετὰ φρεσὶ μέμβλετʼ Ἀχιλλεύς; κεῖνος γε προπάροιθε νεῶν ὀρθοκραιράων ἧσται ὀδυρόμενος ἕταρον φίλον· οἳ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι οἴχονται μετὰ δεῖπνον, δʼ ἄκμηνος καὶ ἄπαστος. ἀλλʼ ἴθι οἱ νέκτάρ τε καὶ ἀμβροσίην ἐρατεινὴν στάξον ἐνὶ στήθεσσʼ, ἵνα μή μιν λιμὸς ἵκηται.
Zeus to Poseidon · divine
Lines 20–30
Thou knowest, O Shaker of Earth, the purpose in my breast, for the which I gathered you hither; I have regard unto them, even though they die. Yet verily, for myself will I abide here sitting in a fold of Olympus, wherefrom I will gaze and make glad my heart; but do ye others all go forth till ye be come among the Trojans and Achaeans, and bear aid to this side or that, even as the mind of each may be.For if Achilles shall fight alone against the Trojans, not even for a little space will they hold back the swift-footed son of Peleus. Nay, even aforetime were they wont to tremble as they looked upon him, and now when verily his heart is grievously in wrath for his friend, I fear me lest even beyond what is ordained he lay waste the wall. For if Achilles shall fight alone against the Trojans, not even for a little space will they hold back the swift-footed son of Peleus. Nay, even aforetime were they wont to tremble as they looked upon him, and now when verily his heart is grievously in wrath for his friend, I fear me lest even beyond what is ordained he lay waste the wall. So spake the son of Cronos, and roused war unabating. And the gods went their way into the battle, being divided in counsel: Hera gat her to the gathering of the ships, and with her Pallas Athene, and Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth, and the helper Hermes, that was beyond all in the cunning of his mind;
ἔγνως ἐννοσίγαιε ἐμὴν ἐν στήθεσι βουλὴν ὧν ἕνεκα ξυνάγειρα· μέλουσί μοι ὀλλύμενοί περ. ἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼ μενέω πτυχὶ Οὐλύμποιο ἥμενος, ἔνθʼ ὁρόων φρένα τέρψομαι· οἳ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι ἔρχεσθʼ ὄφρʼ ἂν ἵκησθε μετὰ Τρῶας καὶ Ἀχαιούς, ἀμφοτέροισι δʼ ἀρήγεθʼ ὅπῃ νόος ἐστὶν ἑκάστου. εἰ γὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς οἶος ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι μαχεῖται οὐδὲ μίνυνθʼ ἕξουσι ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα. καὶ δέ τί μιν καὶ πρόσθεν ὑποτρομέεσκον ὁρῶντες· νῦν δʼ ὅτε δὴ καὶ θυμὸν ἑταίρου χώεται αἰνῶς δείδω μὴ καὶ τεῖχος ὑπέρμορον ἐξαλαπάξῃ.
Lines 31–45
and together with these went Hephaestus, exulting in his might, halting, but beneath him his slender legs moved nimbly; but unto the Trojans went Ares, of the flashing helm, and with him Phoebus, of the unshorn locks, and Artemis, the archer, and Leto and Xanthus and laughter-loving Aphrodite. Now as long as the gods were afar from the mortal men, even for so long triumphed the Achaeans mightily, seeing Achilles was come forth, albeit he had long kept him aloof from grievous battle; but upon the Trojans came dread trembling on the limbs of every man in their terror, when they beheld the swift-footed son of Peleus, flaming in his harness, the peer of Ares, the bane of men. But when the Olympians were come into the midst of the throng of men, then up leapt mighty Strife, the rouser of hosts, and Athene cried a1oud,—now would she stand beside the digged trench without the wall,
ὣς ἔφατο Κρονίδης, πόλεμον δʼ ἀλίαστον ἔγειρε. βὰν δʼ ἴμεναι πόλεμον δὲ θεοὶ δίχα θυμὸν ἔχοντες· Ἥρη μὲν μετʼ ἀγῶνα νεῶν καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη ἠδὲ Ποσειδάων γαιήοχος ἠδʼ ἐριούνης Ἑρμείας, ὃς ἐπὶ φρεσὶ πευκαλίμῃσι κέκασται· Ἥφαιστος δʼ ἅμα τοῖσι κίε σθένεϊ βλεμεαίνων χωλεύων, ὑπὸ δὲ κνῆμαι ῥώοντο ἀραιαί. ἐς δὲ Τρῶας Ἄρης κορυθαίολος, αὐτὰρ ἅμʼ αὐτῷ Φοῖβος ἀκερσεκόμης ἠδʼ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα Λητώ τε Ξάνθός τε φιλομειδής τʼ Ἀφροδίτη. εἷος μέν ῥʼ ἀπάνευθε θεοὶ θνητῶν ἔσαν ἀνδρῶν, τεῖος Ἀχαιοὶ μὲν μέγα κύδανον, οὕνεκʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς ἐξεφάνη, δηρὸν δὲ μάχης ἐπέπαυτʼ ἀλεγεινῆς· Τρῶας δὲ τρόμος αἰνὸς ὑπήλυθε γυῖα ἕκαστον δειδιότας, ὅθʼ ὁρῶντο ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα
Lines 115–131
Consider within your hearts, ye twain, O Poseidon and Athene, how these things are to be. Lo, here is Aeneas, gone forth, harnessed in flaming bronze, to face the son of Peleus, and it is Phoebus Apollo that hath set him on.Come ye then, let us turn him back forthwith; or else thereafter let one of us stand likewise by Achilles' side, and give him great might, and suffer not the heart in his breast anywise to fail; to the end that he may know that they that love him are the best of the immortals, and those are worthless as wind, that hitherto have warded from the Trojans war and battle.All we are come down from Olympus to mingle in this battle, that Achilles take no hurt among the Trojans for this days' space; but thereafter shall he suffer whatever Fate spun for him with her thread at his birth, when his mother bare him. But if Achilles learn not this from some voice of the gods,he shall have dread hereafter when some god shall come against him in battle; for hard are the gods to look upon when they appear in manifest presence. Then Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth, answered her: Hera, be not thou wroth beyond what is wise; thou needest not at all. I verily were not fain to make gods clashwith gods in strife. Nay, for our part let us rather go apart from the track unto some place of outlook, and sit us there, and war shall be for men. But if so be Ares or Phoebus Apollo shall make beginning of fight, or shall keep Achilles in check and suffer him not to do battle,then forthwith from us likewise shall the strife of war arise; and right soon, methinks, shall they separate them from the battle and hie them back to Olympus, to the gathering of the other gods, vanquished beneath our hands perforce. Come ye then, let us turn him back forthwith; or else thereafter let one of us stand likewise by Achilles' side, and give him great might, and suffer not the heart in his breast anywise to fail; to the end that he may know that they that love him are the best of the immortals, and those are worthless as wind, that hitherto have warded from the Trojans war and battle. All we are come down from Olympus to mingle in this battle, that Achilles take no hurt among the Trojans for this days' space; but thereafter shall he suffer whatever Fate spun for him with her thread at his birth, when his mother bare him. But if Achilles learn not this from some voice of the gods, he shall have dread hereafter when some god shall come against him in battle; for hard are the gods to look upon when they appear in manifest presence.
φράζεσθον δὴ σφῶϊ Ποσείδαον καὶ Ἀθήνη ἐν φρεσὶν ὑμετέρῃσιν, ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα. Αἰνείας ὅδʼ ἔβη κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ ἀντία Πηλεΐωνος, ἀνῆκε δὲ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων. ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ, ἡμεῖς πέρ μιν ἀποτρωπῶμεν ὀπίσσω αὐτόθεν· τις ἔπειτα καὶ ἡμείων Ἀχιλῆϊ παρσταίη, δοίη δὲ κράτος μέγα, μηδέ τι θυμῷ δευέσθω, ἵνα εἰδῇ μιν φιλέουσιν ἄριστοι ἀθανάτων, οἳ δʼ αὖτʼ ἀνεμώλιοι οἳ τὸ πάρος περ Τρωσὶν ἀμύνουσιν πόλεμον καὶ δηϊοτῆτα. πάντες δʼ Οὐλύμποιο κατήλθομεν ἀντιόωντες τῆσδε μάχης, ἵνα μή τι μετὰ Τρώεσσι πάθῃσι σήμερον· ὕστερον αὖτε τὰ πείσεται ἅσσά οἱ αἶσα γιγνομένῳ ἐπένησε λίνῳ ὅτε μιν τέκε μήτηρ. εἰ δʼ Ἀχιλεὺς οὐ ταῦτα θεῶν ἐκ πεύσεται ὀμφῆς δείσετʼ ἔπειθʼ, ὅτε κέν τις ἐναντίβιον θεὸς ἔλθῃ ἐν πολέμῳ· χαλεποὶ δὲ θεοὶ φαίνεσθαι ἐναργεῖς.
Lattimore commentary
From Hera’s speech, it is clear that the theomakhia (Battle of the Gods) has taken on a very human element of competition, to show which ones are highest of the immortals (aristoi). Yet another view of mortality: Destiny (also translated as Fate: the Greek here has aisa, “portion,” synonymous with moira, “share”) is said to have spun a thread of a certain length corresponding to one’s allotted span of life. In other sources, three Moirai (Klotho, Lachesis, and Atropos) are responsible, respectively, for spinning, measuring, and cutting off the lifethread.
Lines 259–273
And the son of Peleus held the shield from him with his stout hand, being seized with dread; for he deemed that the far-shadowing spear of great-hearted Aeneas would lightly pierce it through— fool that he was, nor knew in his mind and heart that not easy are the glorious gifts of the gods for mortal men to master or that they give place withal. Nor did the mighty spear of wise-hearted Aeneas then break through the shield, for the gold stayed it, the gift of the god. Howbeit through two folds he drave it, yet were there still three, for five layers had the crook-foot god welded, two of bronze, and two within of tin, and one of gold, in which the spear of ash was stayed.
ῥα καὶ ἐν δεινῷ σάκει ἤλασεν ὄβριμον ἔγχος σμερδαλέῳ· μέγα δʼ ἀμφὶ σάκος μύκε δουρὸς ἀκωκῇ. Πηλεΐδης δὲ σάκος μὲν ἀπὸ ἕο χειρὶ παχείῃ ἔσχετο ταρβήσας· φάτο γὰρ δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος ῥέα διελεύσεσθαι μεγαλήτορος Αἰνείαο νήπιος, οὐδʼ ἐνόησε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν ὡς οὐ ῥηΐδιʼ ἐστὶ θεῶν ἐρικυδέα δῶρα ἀνδράσι γε θνητοῖσι δαμήμεναι οὐδʼ ὑποείκειν. οὐδὲ τότʼ Αἰνείαο δαΐφρονος ὄβριμον ἔγχος ῥῆξε σάκος· χρυσὸς γὰρ ἐρύκακε, δῶρα θεοῖο· ἀλλὰ δύω μὲν ἔλασσε διὰ πτύχας, αἳ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔτι τρεῖς ἦσαν, ἐπεὶ πέντε πτύχας ἤλασε κυλλοποδίων, τὰς δύο χαλκείας, δύο δʼ ἔνδοθι κασσιτέροιο, τὴν δὲ μίαν χρυσῆν, τῇ ῥʼ ἔσχετο μείλινον ἔγχος. δεύτερος αὖτʼ Ἀχιλεὺς προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος,
Hera to Poseidon · divine
Lines 310–317
Shaker of Earth, of thine own self take counsel in thine heart as touching Aeneas, whether thou wilt save him or suffer him to be slain for all his valour by Achilles, Peleus' son. We twain verily, even Pallas Athene and I,have sworn oaths full many among the immortals never to ward off from the Trojans the day of evil, nay, not when all Troy shall burn in the burning of consuming fire, and the warlike sons of the Achaeans shall be the burners thereof. Now when Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth, heard this, he went his way amid the battle and the hurtling of spears, have sworn oaths full many among the immortals never to ward off from the Trojans the day of evil, nay, not when all Troy shall burn in the burning of consuming fire, and the warlike sons of the Achaeans shall be the burners thereof.
ἐννοσίγαιʼ, αὐτὸς σὺ μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι νόησον Αἰνείαν κέν μιν ἐρύσσεαι κεν ἐάσῃς Πηλεΐδῃ Ἀχιλῆϊ δαμήμεναι, ἐσθλὸν ἐόντα. ἤτοι μὲν γὰρ νῶϊ πολέας ὠμόσσαμεν ὅρκους πᾶσι μετʼ ἀθανάτοισιν ἐγὼ καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη μή ποτʼ ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀλεξήσειν κακὸν ἦμαρ, μηδʼ ὁπότʼ ἂν Τροίη μαλερῷ πυρὶ πᾶσα δάηται καιομένη, καίωσι δʼ ἀρήϊοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν.
Lines 379–388
seized with fear, when he heard the voice of the god as he spoke. But Achilles leapt among the Trojans, his heart clothed about in might, crying a terrible cry, and first he slew Iphition, the valiant son of Otrynteus, the leader of a great host, whom a Naiad nymph bare to Otrynteus, sacker of cities, beneath snowy Timolus in the rich land of Hyde. Him, as he rushed straight upon him, goodly Achilles smote with a cast of his spear full upon the head, and his head was wholly choven asunder. And he fell with a thud, and goodly Achilles exulted over him: Low thou liest, son of Otrynteus, of all men most dread;here is thy death, albeit thy birth was by the Gygaean lake, where is the demesne of thy fathers, even by Hyllus, that teems with fish, and eddying Hermus. So spake he vauntingly, but darkness enfolded the other's eyes. Him the chariots of the Achaeans tore asunder
ὣς ἔφαθʼ, Ἕκτωρ δʼ αὖτις ἐδύσετο οὐλαμὸν ἀνδρῶν ταρβήσας, ὅτʼ ἄκουσε θεοῦ ὄπα φωνήσαντος. ἐν δʼ Ἀχιλεὺς Τρώεσσι θόρε φρεσὶν εἱμένος ἀλκὴν σμερδαλέα ἰάχων, πρῶτον δʼ ἕλεν Ἰφιτίωνα ἐσθλὸν Ὀτρυντεΐδην πολέων ἡγήτορα λαῶν, ὃν νύμφη τέκε νηῒς Ὀτρυντῆϊ πτολιπόρθῳ Τμώλῳ ὕπο νιφόεντι Ὕδης ἐν πίονι δήμῳ· τὸν δʼ ἰθὺς μεμαῶτα βάλʼ ἔγχεϊ δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς μέσσην κὰκ κεφαλήν· δʼ ἄνδιχα πᾶσα κεάσθη, δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, δʼ ἐπεύξατο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·
Lattimore commentary
Achilleus seems to shares the narrator’s wide knowledge (e. g., locating Iphition in the hills near Tmolos) and adds even more precise details of topography. Knowing the genealogy and origins of the foe lends authority to warriors’ rhetoric on the battlefield and burnishes their own fame by highlighting the importance of the slain.
Lines 16–30
and that he smote and smote; and from them uprose hideous groaning as they were smitten with the sword, and the water grew red with blood. And as before a dolphin, huge of maw, other fishes flee and fill the nooks of some harbour of fair anchorage in their terror, for greedily doth he devour whatsoever one he catcheth; even so cowered the Trojans in the streams of the dread river beneath the steep banks. And he, when his hands grew weary of slaying, chose twelve youths alive from out the river as blood-price for dead Patroclus, son of Menoetius. These led he forth dazed like fawns, and bound their hands behind them with shapely thongs, which they themselves wore about their pliant tunics, and gave them to his comrades to lead to the hollow ships. Then himself he sprang back again, full eager to slay.
πλῆτο ῥόος κελάδων ἐπιμὶξ ἵππων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν. αὐτὰρ διογενὴς δόρυ μὲν λίπεν αὐτοῦ ἐπʼ ὄχθῃ κεκλιμένον μυρίκῃσιν, δʼ ἔσθορε δαίμονι ἶσος φάσγανον οἶον ἔχων, κακὰ δὲ φρεσὶ μήδετο ἔργα, τύπτε δʼ ἐπιστροφάδην· τῶν δὲ στόνος ὄρνυτʼ ἀεικὴς ἄορι θεινομένων, ἐρυθαίνετο δʼ αἵματι ὕδωρ. ὡς δʼ ὑπὸ δελφῖνος μεγακήτεος ἰχθύες ἄλλοι φεύγοντες πιμπλᾶσι μυχοὺς λιμένος εὐόρμου δειδιότες· μάλα γάρ τε κατεσθίει ὅν κε λάβῃσιν· ὣς Τρῶες ποταμοῖο κατὰ δεινοῖο ῥέεθρα πτῶσσον ὑπὸ κρημνούς. δʼ ἐπεὶ κάμε χεῖρας ἐναίρων, ζωοὺς ἐκ ποταμοῖο δυώδεκα λέξατο κούρους ποινὴν Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο θανόντος· τοὺς ἐξῆγε θύραζε τεθηπότας ἠΰτε νεβρούς, δῆσε δʼ ὀπίσσω χεῖρας ἐϋτμήτοισιν ἱμᾶσι,
Lattimore commentary
The sacrifice of these twelve youths will fulfill the vow made by Achilleus to Patroklos (18.336). Only here in the battle are prisoners taken, although there have been several references to earlier instances of opportunistic capture and return for ransom (e. g., 11.105).
Lines 54–63
In good sooth the great-hearted Trojans that I have slain will rise up again from beneath the murky darkness, seeing this man is thus come back and hath escaped the pitiless day of doom, albeit he was sold into sacred Lemnos; neither hath the deep of the grey sea stayed him, that holdeth back full many against their will. Nay, but come, of the point of our spear also shall he taste, that I may see and know in heart whether in like manner he will come back even from beneath, or whether the life-giving earth will hold him fast, she that holdeth even him that is strong.
πόποι μέγα θαῦμα τόδʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρῶμαι· μάλα δὴ Τρῶες μεγαλήτορες οὕς περ ἔπεφνον αὖτις ἀναστήσονται ὑπὸ ζόφου ἠερόεντος, οἷον δὴ καὶ ὅδʼ ἦλθε φυγὼν ὕπο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ Λῆμνον ἐς ἠγαθέην πεπερημένος· οὐδέ μιν ἔσχε πόντος ἁλὸς πολιῆς, πολέας ἀέκοντας ἐρύκει. ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ καὶ δουρὸς ἀκωκῆς ἡμετέροιο γεύσεται, ὄφρα ἴδωμαι ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἠδὲ δαείω ἄρʼ ὁμῶς καὶ κεῖθεν ἐλεύσεται, μιν ἐρύξει γῆ φυσίζοος, τε κατὰ κρατερόν περ ἐρύκει.
Lattimore commentary
The return of Lykaon disconcerts Achilleus since it is as if Trojan opponents are mysteriously being recycled. The same impression arises from the frantic rush of killing at the end of book 20, and the similes comparing victims to masses of locusts and fish (12, 22).
Lines 74–96
nurtured of Zeus, am I even as a sacred suppliant, for at thy table first did I eat of the grain of Demeter on the day when thou didst take me captive in the well-ordered orchard, and didst lead me afar from father and from friends, and sell me into sacred Lemnos; and I fetched thee the price of an hundred oxen. Lo, now have I bought my freedom by paying thrice as much, and this is my twelfth morn since I came to Ilios, after many sufferings; and now again has deadly fate put me in thy hands; surely it must be that I am hated of father Zeus, seeing he hath given me unto thee again; and to a brief span of life did my mother bear me, even Laothoe, daughter of the old man Altes,—Altes that is lord over the war-loving Leleges, holding steep Pedasus on the Satnioeis. His daughter Priam had to wife, and therewithal many another, and of her we twain were born, and thou wilt butcher us both. Him thou didst lay low amid the foremost foot-men, even godlike Polydorus, when thou hadst smitten him with a cast of thy sharp spear, and now even here shall evil come upon me; for I deem not that I shall escape thy hands, seeing a god hath brought me nigh thee. Yet another thing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart: slay me not; since I am not sprung from the same womb as Hector, who slew thy comrade the kindly and valiant.
γουνοῦμαι σʼ Ἀχιλεῦ· σὺ δέ μʼ αἴδεο καί μʼ ἐλέησον· ἀντί τοί εἰμʼ ἱκέταο διοτρεφὲς αἰδοίοιο· πὰρ γὰρ σοὶ πρώτῳ πασάμην Δημήτερος ἀκτὴν ἤματι τῷ ὅτε μʼ εἷλες ἐϋκτιμένῃ ἐν ἀλωῇ, καί μʼ ἐπέρασσας ἄνευθεν ἄγων πατρός τε φίλων τε Λῆμνον ἐς ἠγαθέην, ἑκατόμβοιον δέ τοι ἦλφον. νῦν δὲ λύμην τρὶς τόσσα πορών· ἠὼς δέ μοί ἐστιν ἥδε δυωδεκάτη, ὅτʼ ἐς Ἴλιον εἰλήλουθα πολλὰ παθών· νῦν αὖ με τεῇς ἐν χερσὶν ἔθηκε μοῖρʼ ὀλοή· μέλλω που ἀπεχθέσθαι Διὶ πατρί, ὅς με σοὶ αὖτις δῶκε· μινυνθάδιον δέ με μήτηρ γείνατο Λαοθόη θυγάτηρ Ἄλταο γέροντος Ἄλτεω, ὃς Λελέγεσσι φιλοπτολέμοισιν ἀνάσσει Πήδασον αἰπήεσσαν ἔχων ἐπὶ Σατνιόεντι. τοῦ δʼ ἔχε θυγατέρα Πρίαμος, πολλὰς δὲ καὶ ἄλλας· τῆς δὲ δύω γενόμεσθα, σὺ δʼ ἄμφω δειροτομήσεις, ἤτοι τὸν πρώτοισι μετὰ πρυλέεσσι δάμασσας ἀντίθεον Πολύδωρον, ἐπεὶ βάλες ὀξέϊ δουρί· νῦν δὲ δὴ ἐνθάδʼ ἐμοὶ κακὸν ἔσσεται· οὐ γὰρ ὀΐω σὰς χεῖρας φεύξεσθαι, ἐπεί ῥʼ ἐπέλασσέ γε δαίμων. ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσι· μή με κτεῖνʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐχ ὁμογάστριος Ἕκτορός εἰμι, ὅς τοι ἑταῖρον ἔπεφνεν ἐνηέα τε κρατερόν τε.
Lattimore commentary
Achilleus already sacked Pedasos (20.92), home of Lykaon’s mother. The weird fate of the son emphasizes the shift in Achilleus’ attitude. Sold off once, Lykaon now must die, like all whom the enraged hero encounters. The change is framed by Achilleus’ consciousness of his own inevitable death (whatever its superficial circumstances will be: 111).
Lines 99–113
Until Patroclus met his day of fate, even till then was it more pleasing to me to spare the Trojans, and full many I took alive and sold oversea; but now is there not one that shall escape death, whomsoever before the walls of Ilios God shall deliver into my hands— aye, not one among all the Trojans, and least of all among the sons of Priam. Nay, friend, do thou too die; why lamentest thou thus? Patroclus also died, who was better far than thou. And seest thou not what manner of man am I, how comely and how tall? A good man was my father, and a goddess the mother that bare me; yet over me too hang death and mighty fate. There shall come a dawn or eve or mid-day, when my life too shall some man take in battle, whether he smite me with cast of the spear, or with an arrow from the string.
νήπιε μή μοι ἄποινα πιφαύσκεο μηδʼ ἀγόρευε· πρὶν μὲν γὰρ Πάτροκλον ἐπισπεῖν αἴσιμον ἦμαρ τόφρά τί μοι πεφιδέσθαι ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φίλτερον ἦεν Τρώων, καὶ πολλοὺς ζωοὺς ἕλον ἠδʼ ἐπέρασσα· νῦν δʼ οὐκ ἔσθʼ ὅς τις θάνατον φύγῃ ὅν κε θεός γε Ἰλίου προπάροιθεν ἐμῇς ἐν χερσὶ βάλῃσι καὶ πάντων Τρώων, περὶ δʼ αὖ Πριάμοιό γε παίδων. ἀλλὰ φίλος θάνε καὶ σύ· τί ὀλοφύρεαι οὕτως; κάτθανε καὶ Πάτροκλος, περ σέο πολλὸν ἀμείνων. οὐχ ὁράᾳς οἷος καὶ ἐγὼ καλός τε μέγας τε; πατρὸς δʼ εἴμʼ ἀγαθοῖο, θεὰ δέ με γείνατο μήτηρ· ἀλλʼ ἔπι τοι καὶ ἐμοὶ θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιή· ἔσσεται ἠὼς δείλη μέσον ἦμαρ ὁππότε τις καὶ ἐμεῖο Ἄρῃ ἐκ θυμὸν ἕληται γε δουρὶ βαλὼν ἀπὸ νευρῆφιν ὀϊστῷ.
Lines 136–149
upon Asteropaeus, son of Pelegon, that was begotten of wide-flowing Axius and Periboea, eldest of the daughters of Acessamenus; for with her lay the deep-eddying River. Upon him rushed Achilles, and Asteropaeus stood forth from the river to face him, holding two spears; and courage was set in his heart by Xanthus, being wroth because of the youths slain in battle, of whom Achilles was making havoc along the stream and had no pity. But when they were come near, as they advanced one against the other, then finst unto Asteropaeus spake swift-footed, goodly Achilles:
ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, ποταμὸς δὲ χολώσατο κηρόθι μᾶλλον, ὅρμηνεν δʼ ἀνὰ θυμὸν ὅπως παύσειε πόνοιο δῖον Ἀχιλλῆα, Τρώεσσι δὲ λοιγὸν ἀλάλκοι. τόφρα δὲ Πηλέος υἱὸς ἔχων δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος Ἀστεροπαίῳ ἐπᾶλτο κατακτάμεναι μενεαίνων υἱέϊ Πηλεγόνος· τὸν δʼ Ἀξιὸς εὐρυρέεθρος γείνατο καὶ Περίβοια Ἀκεσσαμενοῖο θυγατρῶν πρεσβυτάτη· τῇ γάρ ῥα μίγη ποταμὸς βαθυδίνης. τῷ ῥʼ Ἀχιλεὺς ἐπόρουσεν, δʼ ἀντίος ἐκ ποταμοῖο ἔστη ἔχων δύο δοῦρε· μένος δέ οἱ ἐν φρεσὶ θῆκε Ξάνθος, ἐπεὶ κεχόλωτο δαϊκταμένων αἰζηῶν, τοὺς Ἀχιλεὺς ἐδάϊζε κατὰ ῥόον οὐδʼ ἐλέαιρεν. οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες, τὸν πρότερος προσέειπε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·
Lattimore commentary
Xanthos is angered by pitiless slaughter and the buildup of corpses in his stream, but the imminent death of yet another man, who happens to be the grandson of a different river, brings his resentment to a boil. Achilleus uses the fluvial affiliation to mock Asteropaios (184–99), whose backstory centers on the “recent arrival” motif already seen in the case of Lykaon.
Lines 381–393
but upon the other gods fell strife heavy and grievous, and in diverse ways the spirit in their breasts was blown. Together then they clashed with a mighty din and the wide earth rang, and round about great heaven pealed as with a trumpet. And Zeus heard it where he sat upon Olympus, and the heart within him laughed aloud in joy as he beheld the gods joining in strife. Then no more held they long aloof, for Ares, piercer of shields, began the fray, and first leapt upon Athene, brazen spear in hand, and spake a word of reviling: Wherefore now again, thou dog-fly,art thou making gods to clash with gods in strife, in the fierceness1 of thy daring, as thy proud spirit sets thee on? Rememberest thou not what time thou movedst Diomedes, Tydeus' son, to wound me, and thyself in the sight of all didst grasp the spear and let drive straight at me, and didst rend my fair flesh? Therefore shalt thou now methinks, pay the full price of all that thou hast wrought.
ὣς ἔφαθʼ, Ἥφαιστος δὲ κατέσβεσε θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ, ἄψορρον δʼ ἄρα κῦμα κατέσσυτο καλὰ ῥέεθρα. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Ξάνθοιο δάμη μένος, οἳ μὲν ἔπειτα παυσάσθην, Ἥρη γὰρ ἐρύκακε χωομένη περ· ἐν δʼ ἄλλοισι θεοῖσιν ἔρις πέσε βεβριθυῖα ἀργαλέη, δίχα δέ σφιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θυμὸς ἄητο· σὺν δʼ ἔπεσον μεγάλῳ πατάγῳ, βράχε δʼ εὐρεῖα χθών, ἀμφὶ δὲ σάλπιγξεν μέγας οὐρανός. ἄϊε δὲ Ζεὺς ἥμενος Οὐλύμπῳ· ἐγέλασσε δέ οἱ φίλον ἦτορ γηθοσύνῃ, ὅθʼ ὁρᾶτο θεοὺς ἔριδι ξυνιόντας. ἔνθʼ οἵ γʼ οὐκέτι δηρὸν ἀφέστασαν· ἦρχε γὰρ Ἄρης ῥινοτόρος, καὶ πρῶτος Ἀθηναίῃ ἐπόρουσε χάλκεον ἔγχος ἔχων, καὶ ὀνείδειον φάτο μῦθον·
Lattimore commentary
For Zeus the battle of gods provides entertainment, since it is known that no one will die (and even their wounds heal easily). As it turns out, their fights do not even affect the central clash of the Greeks and Trojans.
Lines 583–589
on this day to sack the city of the lordly Trojans. Thou fool! in sooth many be the woes that shall yet be wrought because of her. Within her are we, many men and valiant, that in front of our dear parents and wives and sons guard Ilios; nay, it is thou that shalt here meet thy doom, for all thou art so dread and so bold a man of war.
δή που μάλʼ ἔολπας ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φαίδιμʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ ἤματι τῷδε πόλιν πέρσειν Τρώων ἀγερώχων νηπύτιʼ· τʼ ἔτι πολλὰ τετεύξεται ἄλγεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῇ. ἐν γάρ οἱ πολέες τε καὶ ἄλκιμοι ἀνέρες εἰμέν, οἳ καὶ πρόσθε φίλων τοκέων ἀλόχων τε καὶ υἱῶν Ἴλιον εἰρυόμεσθα· σὺ δʼ ἐνθάδε πότμον ἐφέψεις ὧδʼ ἔκπαγλος ἐὼν καὶ θαρσαλέος πολεμιστής.
Lines 233–237
but now I deem that I shall honour thee in my heart even more, seeing thou hast dared for my sake, when thine eyes beheld me, to come forth from out the wall, while the others abide within.
Δηΐφοβʼ μέν μοι τὸ πάρος πολὺ φίλτατος ἦσθα γνωτῶν οὓς Ἑκάβη ἠδὲ Πρίαμος τέκε παῖδας· νῦν δʼ ἔτι καὶ μᾶλλον νοέω φρεσὶ τιμήσασθαι, ὃς ἔτλης ἐμεῦ εἵνεκʼ, ἐπεὶ ἴδες ὀφθαλμοῖσι, τείχεος ἐξελθεῖν, ἄλλοι δʼ ἔντοσθε μένουσι.
Lines 289–296
and smote full upon the shield of the son of Peleus, and missed him not; but far from the shield the spear leapt back. And Hector waxed wroth for that the swift shaft had flown vainly from his hand, and he stood confounded, for he had no second spear of ash. Then he shouted aloud, and called to Deiphobus of the white shield, and asked of him a long spear; but he was nowise nigh. And Hector knew all in his heart, and spake, saying: Out upon it, in good sooth have the gods called me to my death. For I deemed that the warrior Deiphobus was at hand, but lo, he is within the wall, and Athene hath beguiled me.Now of a surety is evil death nigh at hand, and no more afar from me, neither is there way of escape. So I ween from of old was the good pleasure of Zeus, and of the son of Zeus, the god that smiteth afar, even of them that aforetime were wont to succour me with ready hearts; but now again is my doom come upon me. Nay, but not without a struggle let me die, neither ingloriously,but in the working of some great deed for the hearing of men that are yet to be. So saying, he drew his sharp sword that hung beside his flank, a great sword and a mighty, and gathering himself together swooped like an eagle of lofty flight that darteth to the plain through the dark clouds to seize a tender lamb or a cowering hare;
ῥα, καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος, καὶ βάλε Πηλεΐδαο μέσον σάκος οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτε· τῆλε δʼ ἀπεπλάγχθη σάκεος δόρυ· χώσατο δʼ Ἕκτωρ ὅττί ῥά οἱ βέλος ὠκὺ ἐτώσιον ἔκφυγε χειρός, στῆ δὲ κατηφήσας, οὐδʼ ἄλλʼ ἔχε μείλινον ἔγχος. Δηΐφοβον δʼ ἐκάλει λευκάσπιδα μακρὸν ἀΰσας· ᾔτεέ μιν δόρυ μακρόν· δʼ οὔ τί οἱ ἐγγύθεν ἦεν. Ἕκτωρ δʼ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φώνησέν τε·
Lines 356–360
valorous though thou art, at the Scaean gate.
σʼ εὖ γιγνώσκων προτιόσσομαι, οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον πείσειν· γὰρ σοί γε σιδήρεος ἐν φρεσὶ θυμός. φράζεο νῦν, μή τοί τι θεῶν μήνιμα γένωμαι ἤματι τῷ ὅτε κέν σε Πάρις καὶ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων ἐσθλὸν ἐόντʼ ὀλέσωσιν ἐνὶ Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσιν.
Lattimore commentary
This is the most detailed prediction yet of the manner and causes of Achilleus’ death. It follows the pattern of prophetic last words (e. g., 16.852).
Lines 475–476
But when she revived, and her spirit was returned into her breast,then she lifted up her voice in wailing, and spake among the women of Troy: Ah Hector, woe is me! to one fate, it seemeth, were we born, both of us twain, thou in Troy in the house of Priam, and I in Thebe beneath wooded Placusin the house of Eetion, who reared me when I was a babe, hapless father of a cruel-fated child; would God he had never begotten me. Now thou unto the house of Hades beneath the deeps of earth art departing, but me thou leavest in bitter grief, a widow in thy halls,and thy son is still a mere babe, the son born of thee and me in our haplessness; nor shalt thou be any profit to him, Hector, seeing thou art dead, neither he to thee. For even though he escape the woeful war of the Achaeans, yet shall his portion be labour and sorrow in the aftertime, for others will take away his lands.The day of orphanhood cutteth a child off from the friends of his youth; ever is his head bowed how, and his cheeks are bathed in tears, and in his need the child hieth him to his father's friends, plucking one by the cloak and another by the tunic; and of them that are touched with pity, one holdeth forth his cup for a moment:his hips he wetteth, but his palate he wetteth not. And one whose father and mother yet live thrusteth him from the feast with smiting of the hand, and chideth him with words of reviling:‘Get thee gone, even as thou art! No father of thine feasteth in our company.’ Then in tears unto his widowed mother cometh back the child—Astyanax, that aforetime on his father's knees ate only marrow and the rich fat of sheep; and when sleep came upon him and he ceased from his childish play, then would he slumber on a couch in the arms of his nurse in his soft bed, his heart satisfied with good things.But now, seeing he has lost his dear father, he will suffer ills full many—my Astyanax, whom the Troians call by this name for that thou alone didst save their gates and their high walls. But now by the beaked ships far from thy parents shall writhing worms devour thee, when the dogs have had their fill, as thou liest a naked corpse;yet in thy halls lieth raiment, finely-woven and fair, wrought by the hands of women. Howbeit all these things will I verily burn in blazing fire—in no wise a profit unto thee, seeing thou shalt not lie therein, but to be an honour unto thee from the men and women of Troy.
δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἔμπνυτο καὶ ἐς φρένα θυμὸς ἀγέρθη ἀμβλήδην γοόωσα μετὰ Τρῳῇσιν ἔειπεν·
Lines 103–107
for the whole night long hath the spirit of hapless Patroclus stood over me, weeping and wailing, and gave me charge concerning each thing, and was wondrously like his very self.
πόποι ῥά τίς ἐστι καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισι ψυχὴ καὶ εἴδωλον, ἀτὰρ φρένες οὐκ ἔνι πάμπαν· παννυχίη γάρ μοι Πατροκλῆος δειλοῖο ψυχὴ ἐφεστήκει γοόωσά τε μυρομένη τε, καί μοι ἕκαστʼ ἐπέτελλεν, ἔϊκτο δὲ θέσκελον αὐτῷ.
Lattimore commentary
Achilleus understands the look and words of Patroklos to indicate that soul (psykhê) and image (eidôlon) survive death. That he draws the conclusion about the absence of the “heart of life” (phrenes, the seat of intelligence, in Homer) is not surprising, since Greeks connected thought and consciousness closely with physical organs. The phrenes were localized near the lungs.
Lines 176–178
χαλκῷ δηϊόων· κακὰ δὲ φρεσὶ μήδετο ἔργα· ἐν δὲ πυρὸς μένος ἧκε σιδήρεον ὄφρα νέμοιτο. ᾤμωξέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα, φίλον δʼ ὀνόμηνεν ἑταῖρον·
Lines 596–601
In such wise, Menelaus, was thy heart gladdened in thy breast. Then he spake winged words unto Antilochos, saying: Antilochus, lo now, I of myself cease from mine anger against thee, since nowise flighty or light of wit wast thou of old, albeit now hath thy youth got the better of thy reason.Another time seek not to outwit thy betters. Verily not soon should another of the Achaeans have persuaded me, but thou hast suffered greatly and toiled greatly, thou and thy brave father and thy brother, for my sake; wherefore I will hearken to thy prayer, aye,and will give unto thee the mare, for all she is mine own, to the end that these too may know that my heart is never over-haughty neither unbending. He spake, and gave the mare unto Nosmon, the comrade of Antilochus, to lead away, and himself thereafter took the shining cauldron. And Meriones took up the two talents of gold in the fourth place,
ῥα καὶ ἵππον ἄγων μεγαθύμου Νέστορος υἱὸς ἐν χείρεσσι τίθει Μενελάου· τοῖο δὲ θυμὸς ἰάνθη ὡς εἴ τε περὶ σταχύεσσιν ἐέρση ληΐου ἀλδήσκοντος, ὅτε φρίσσουσιν ἄρουραι· ὣς ἄρα σοὶ Μενέλαε μετὰ φρεσὶ θυμὸς ἰάνθη. καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·
Apollo to Gods · divine
Lines 33–54
Him now have ye not the heart to save, a corpse though he be, for his wife to look upon and his mother and his child, and his father Priam and his people, who would forthwith burn him in the fire and pay him funeral rites. Nay, it is the ruthless Achilles, O ye gods, that ye are fain to succour, him whose mind is nowise right, neither the purpose in his breast one that may be bent; but his heart is set on cruelty, even as a lion that at the bidding of his great might and lordly spirit goeth forth against the flocks of men to win him a feast; even so hath Achilles lost all pity, neither is shame in his heart, the which harmeth men greatly and profiteth them withal. Lo, it may be that a man hath lost one dearer even than was this—a brother, that the selfsame mother bare, or haply a son; yet verily when he hath wept and wailed for him he maketh an end; for an enduring soul have the Fates given unto men. But this man, when he hath reft goodly Hector of life, bindeth him behind his chariot and draggeth him about the barrow of his dear comrade; in sooth neither honour nor profit shall he have therefrom. Let him beware lest we wax wroth with him, good man though he be; for lo, in his fury he doth foul despite unto senseless clay.
σχέτλιοί ἐστε θεοί, δηλήμονες· οὔ νύ ποθʼ ὑμῖν Ἕκτωρ μηρίʼ ἔκηε βοῶν αἰγῶν τε τελείων; τὸν νῦν οὐκ ἔτλητε νέκυν περ ἐόντα σαῶσαι τʼ ἀλόχῳ ἰδέειν καὶ μητέρι καὶ τέκεϊ καὶ πατέρι Πριάμῳ λαοῖσί τε, τοί κέ μιν ὦκα ἐν πυρὶ κήαιεν καὶ ἐπὶ κτέρεα κτερίσαιεν. ἀλλʼ ὀλοῷ Ἀχιλῆϊ θεοὶ βούλεσθʼ ἐπαρήγειν, οὔτʼ ἂρ φρένες εἰσὶν ἐναίσιμοι οὔτε νόημα γναμπτὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι, λέων δʼ ὣς ἄγρια οἶδεν, ὅς τʼ ἐπεὶ ἂρ μεγάλῃ τε βίῃ καὶ ἀγήνορι θυμῷ εἴξας εἶσʼ ἐπὶ μῆλα βροτῶν ἵνα δαῖτα λάβῃσιν· ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς ἔλεον μὲν ἀπώλεσεν, οὐδέ οἱ αἰδὼς γίγνεται, τʼ ἄνδρας μέγα σίνεται ἠδʼ ὀνίνησι. μέλλει μέν πού τις καὶ φίλτερον ἄλλον ὀλέσσαι ἠὲ κασίγνητον ὁμογάστριον ἠὲ καὶ υἱόν· ἀλλʼ ἤτοι κλαύσας καὶ ὀδυράμενος μεθέηκε· τλητὸν γὰρ Μοῖραι θυμὸν θέσαν ἀνθρώποισιν. αὐτὰρ γʼ Ἕκτορα δῖον, ἐπεὶ φίλον ἦτορ ἀπηύρα, ἵππων ἐξάπτων περὶ σῆμʼ ἑτάροιο φίλοιο ἕλκει· οὐ μήν οἱ τό γε κάλλιον οὐδέ τʼ ἄμεινον. μὴ ἀγαθῷ περ ἐόντι νεμεσσηθέωμέν οἱ ἡμεῖς· κωφὴν γὰρ δὴ γαῖαν ἀεικίζει μενεαίνων.
Thetis to Achilles · divine
Lines 128–137
neither of the couch? Good were it for thee even to have dalliance in a woman's embrace. For, I tell thee, thou shalt not thyself be long in life, but even now doth death stand hard by thee and mighty fate. But hearken thou forthwith unto me, for I am a messenger unto thee from Zeus. He declareth that that the gods are angered with thee, and that himself above all immortals is filled with wrath, for that in the fury of thine heart thou holdest Hector at the beaked ships, and gavest him not back. Nay come, give him up, and take ransom for the dead.
τέκνον ἐμὸν τέο μέχρις ὀδυρόμενος καὶ ἀχεύων σὴν ἔδεαι κραδίην μεμνημένος οὔτέ τι σίτου οὔτʼ εὐνῆς; ἀγαθὸν δὲ γυναικί περ ἐν φιλότητι μίσγεσθʼ· οὐ γάρ μοι δηρὸν βέῃ, ἀλλά τοι ἤδη ἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιή. ἀλλʼ ἐμέθεν ξύνες ὦκα, Διὸς δέ τοι ἄγγελός εἰμι· σκύζεσθαι σοί φησι θεούς, ἑὲ δʼ ἔξοχα πάντων ἀθανάτων κεχολῶσθαι, ὅτι φρεσὶ μαινομένῃσιν Ἕκτορʼ ἔχεις παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν οὐδʼ ἀπέλυσας. ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ λῦσον, νεκροῖο δὲ δέξαι ἄποινα.
Zeus to Iris · divine
Lines 144–158
and bear tidings within Ilios unto great-hearted Priam that he go to the ships of the Achaeans to ransom his dear son, and that he bear gifts unto Achilles which shall make glad his heart; alone let him go, neither let any man beside of the Trojans go with him. A herald may attend him, an elder man, to guide the mules and the light-running waggon, and to carry back to the city the dead, even him that Achilles slew. Let not death be in his thoughts. neither any fear; such a guide will we give him, even Argeiphontes, who shall lead him, until in his leading he bring him nigh to Achilles. And when he shall have led him into the hut, neither shall Achilles himself slay him nor suffer any other to slay; for not without wisdom is he, neither without purpose, nor yet hardened in sin; nay, with all kindliness will he spare a suppliant man.
βάσκʼ ἴθι Ἶρι ταχεῖα λιποῦσʼ ἕδος Οὐλύμποιο ἄγγειλον Πριάμῳ μεγαλήτορι Ἴλιον εἴσω λύσασθαι φίλον υἱὸν ἰόντʼ ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν, δῶρα δʼ Ἀχιλλῆϊ φερέμεν τά κε θυμὸν ἰήνῃ οἶον, μὴ δέ τις ἄλλος ἅμα Τρώων ἴτω ἀνήρ. κῆρύξ τίς οἱ ἕποιτο γεραίτερος, ὅς κʼ ἰθύνοι ἡμιόνους καὶ ἄμαξαν ἐΰτροχον, ἠδὲ καὶ αὖτις νεκρὸν ἄγοι προτὶ ἄστυ, τὸν ἔκτανε δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς. μὴ δέ τί οἱ θάνατος μελέτω φρεσὶ μὴ δέ τι τάρβος· τοῖον γάρ οἱ πομπὸν ὀπάσσομεν ἀργεϊφόντην, ὃς ἄξει εἷός κεν ἄγων Ἀχιλῆϊ πελάσσῃ. αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν ἀγάγῃσιν ἔσω κλισίην Ἀχιλῆος, οὔτʼ αὐτὸς κτενέει ἀπό τʼ ἄλλους πάντας ἐρύξει· οὔτε γάρ ἐστʼ ἄφρων οὔτʼ ἄσκοπος οὔτʼ ἀλιτήμων, ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἐνδυκέως ἱκέτεω πεφιδήσεται ἀνδρός.
Lines 194–199
that I go to the ships of the Achaeans to ransom my dear son, and that I bear gifts to Achilles which shall make glad his heart. But come, tell me this, how seemeth it to thy mind? For as touching mine own self, wondrously doth the desire of my heart bid me go thither to the ships, into the wide camp of the Achaeans.
δαιμονίη Διόθεν μοι Ὀλύμπιος ἄγγελος ἦλθε λύσασθαι φίλον υἱὸν ἰόντʼ ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν, δῶρα δʼ Ἀχιλλῆϊ φερέμεν τά κε θυμὸν ἰήνῃ. ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ τί τοι φρεσὶν εἴδεται εἶναι; αἰνῶς γάρ μʼ αὐτόν γε μένος καὶ θυμὸς ἄνωγε κεῖσʼ ἰέναι ἐπὶ νῆας ἔσω στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν.
Lines 201–216
hath slain thy sons, many and valiant? Of iron verily is thy heart. For if so be he get thee in his power and his eyes behold thee, so savage and faithless is the man, he will neither pity thee nor anywise have reverence. Nay, let us now make our lament afar from him we mourn, abiding here in the hall. On this wise for him did mighty Fate spin with her thread at his birth, when myself did bear him, that he should glut swift-footed dogs far from his parents, in the abode of a violent man, in whose inmost heart I were fain to fix my teeth and feed thereon; then haply might deeds of requital be wrought for my son, seeing in no wise while playing the dastard was he slain of him, but while standing forth in defence of the men and deep-bosomed women of Troy, with no thought of shelter or of flight.
μοι πῇ δή τοι φρένες οἴχονθʼ, ᾗς τὸ πάρος περ ἔκλεʼ ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους ξείνους ἠδʼ οἷσιν ἀνάσσεις; πῶς ἐθέλεις ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν ἐλθέμεν οἶος ἀνδρὸς ἐς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὅς τοι πολέας τε καὶ ἐσθλοὺς υἱέας ἐξενάριξε· σιδήρειόν νύ τοι ἦτορ. εἰ γάρ σʼ αἱρήσει καὶ ἐσόψεται ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὠμηστὴς καὶ ἄπιστος ἀνὴρ γε οὔ σʼ ἐλεήσει, οὐδέ τί σʼ αἰδέσεται. νῦν δὲ κλαίωμεν ἄνευθεν ἥμενοι ἐν μεγάρῳ· τῷ δʼ ὥς ποθι Μοῖρα κραταιὴ γιγνομένῳ ἐπένησε λίνῳ, ὅτε μιν τέκον αὐτή, ἀργίποδας κύνας ἆσαι ἑῶν ἀπάνευθε τοκήων ἀνδρὶ πάρα κρατερῷ, τοῦ ἐγὼ μέσον ἧπαρ ἔχοιμι ἐσθέμεναι προσφῦσα· τότʼ ἄντιτα ἔργα γένοιτο παιδὸς ἐμοῦ, ἐπεὶ οὔ κακιζόμενόν γε κατέκτα, ἀλλὰ πρὸ Τρώων καὶ Τρωϊάδων βαθυκόλπων ἑσταότʼ οὔτε φόβου μεμνημένον οὔτʼ ἀλεωρῆς.
Lines 280–286
kept for his own and reared at the polished stall. Thus were the twain letting yoke their cars, in the high palace, even the herald and Priam, with thoughts of wisdom in their hearts, when nigh to them came Hecabe, her heart sore stricken, bearing in her right hand honey-hearted wine in a cup of gold, that they might make libation ere they went. And she stood before the horses, and spake, saying: Take now, pour libation to father Zeus, and pray that thou mayest come back home from the midst of the foemen, seeing thy heart sendeth thee forth to the ships, albeit I am fain thou shouldst not go,Thereafter make thou prayer unto the son of Cronos, lord of the dark chouds, the god of Ida, that looketh down upon all the land of Troy, and ask of him a bird of omen, even the swift messenger that to himself is dearest of birds and is mightiest in strength; let him appear upon thy right hand, to the end that marking the sign with thine own eyes,thou mayest have trust therein, and go thy way to the ships of the Danaans of fleet steeds. But if so be Zeus whose voice is borne afar grant thee not his own messenger, then I of a surety should not urge thee on and bid thee go to the ships of the Argives, how eager soever thou be.
αὐτὸς ἔχων ἀτίταλλεν ἐϋξέστῃ ἐπὶ φάτνῃ. τὼ μὲν ζευγνύσθην ἐν δώμασιν ὑψηλοῖσι κῆρυξ καὶ Πρίαμος πυκινὰ φρεσὶ μήδεʼ ἔχοντες· ἀγχίμολον δέ σφʼ ἦλθʼ Ἑκάβη τετιηότι θυμῷ οἶνον ἔχουσʼ ἐν χειρὶ μελίφρονα δεξιτερῆφι χρυσέῳ ἐν δέπαϊ, ὄφρα λείψαντε κιοίτην· στῆ δʼ ἵππων προπάροιθεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·
Lines 314–328
Forthwith he sent an eagle, surest of omen among winged birds, the dusky eagle, even the hunter, that men call also the black eagle. Wide as is the door of some rich man's high-roofed treasure-chamber, a door well fitted with bolts, even so wide spread his wings to this side and to that; and he appeared to them on the right, darting across the city. And at sight of him they waxed glad, and the hearts in the breasts of all were cheered. Then the old man made haste and stepped upon his car, and drave forth from the gateway and the echoing portico. In front the mules drew the four-wheeled waggon, driven of wise-hearted Idaeus, and behind came the horses that the old man ever plying the lash drave swiftly through the city; and his kinsfolk all followed wailing aloud as for one faring to his death. But when they had gone down from the city and were come to the plain,
ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε μητίετα Ζεὺς αὐτίκα δʼ αἰετὸν ἧκε τελειότατον πετεηνῶν μόρφνον θηρητῆρʼ ὃν καὶ περκνὸν καλέουσιν. ὅσση δʼ ὑψορόφοιο θύρη θαλάμοιο τέτυκται ἀνέρος ἀφνειοῖο ἐῢ κληῗσʼ ἀραρυῖα, τόσσʼ ἄρα τοῦ ἑκάτερθεν ἔσαν πτερά· εἴσατο δέ σφι δεξιὸς ἀΐξας διὰ ἄστεος· οἳ δὲ ἰδόντες γήθησαν, καὶ πᾶσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θυμὸς ἰάνθη. σπερχόμενος δʼ γεραιὸς ἑοῦ ἐπεβήσετο δίφρου, ἐκ δʼ ἔλασε προθύροιο καὶ αἰθούσης ἐριδούπου. πρόσθε μὲν ἡμίονοι ἕλκον τετράκυκλον ἀπήνην, τὰς Ἰδαῖος ἔλαυνε δαΐφρων· αὐτὰρ ὄπισθεν ἵπποι, τοὺς γέρων ἐφέπων μάστιγι κέλευε καρπαλίμως κατὰ ἄστυ· φίλοι δʼ ἅμα πάντες ἕποντο πόλλʼ ὀλοφυρόμενοι ὡς εἰ θάνατον δὲ κιόντα.
Lines 560–570
Provoke me no more, old sir; I am minded even of myself to give Hector back to thee; for from Zeus there came to me a messenger, even the mother that bare me, daughter of the old man of the sea. And of thee, Priam, do I know in my heart—it nowise escapeth me—that some god led thee to the swift ships of the Achaeans.For no mortal man, were he never so young and strong, would dare to come amid the host; neither could he then escape the watch, nor easily thrust back the bar of our doors. Wherefore now stir my heart no more amid my sorrows, lest, old sire, I spare not even thee within the huts,my suppliant though thou art, and so sin against the behest of Zeus. So spake he, and the old man was seized with fear, and hearkened to his word. But like a lion the son of Peleus sprang forth from the houses—not alone, for with him went two squires as well, even the warrior Automedon and Alcimus, For no mortal man, were he never so young and strong, would dare to come amid the host; neither could he then escape the watch, nor easily thrust back the bar of our doors. Wherefore now stir my heart no more amid my sorrows, lest, old sire, I spare not even thee within the huts, my suppliant though thou art, and so sin against the behest of Zeus.
μηκέτι νῦν μʼ ἐρέθιζε γέρον· νοέω δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς Ἕκτορά τοι λῦσαι, Διόθεν δέ μοι ἄγγελος ἦλθε μήτηρ, μʼ ἔτεκεν, θυγάτηρ ἁλίοιο γέροντος. καὶ δέ σε γιγνώσκω Πρίαμε φρεσίν, οὐδέ με λήθεις, ὅττι θεῶν τίς σʼ ἦγε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν. οὐ γάρ κε τλαίη βροτὸς ἐλθέμεν, οὐδὲ μάλʼ ἡβῶν, ἐς στρατόν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν φυλάκους λάθοι, οὐδέ κʼ ὀχῆα ῥεῖα μετοχλίσσειε θυράων ἡμετεράων. τὼ νῦν μή μοι μᾶλλον ἐν ἄλγεσι θυμὸν ὀρίνῃς, μή σε γέρον οὐδʼ αὐτὸν ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ἐάσω καὶ ἱκέτην περ ἐόντα, Διὸς δʼ ἀλίτωμαι ἐφετμάς.
Lattimore commentary
Achilleus’ dangerously rapid change of mood is triggered by Priam’s well-meaning wish that he return home, since the hero knows well that he is doomed never to go back to Phthia. He draws back, in reaction, from the human sympathy just witnessed to a divine framework, saying that only the gods’ command makes him surrender the corpse. In taking care that the body be prepared out of sight, Achilleus shows acute sensitivity to the limits of his own self-control (584).
Lines 671–682
but Achilles slept in the innermost part of the well-builded hut, and by his side lay fair-cheeked Briseis. as he pondered in mind how he should guide king Priam forth from the ships unmarked of the strong keepers of the gate. He took his stand above his head and spake to him, saying: Old sire, no thought then hast thou of any evil, that thou still sleepest thus amid foemen, for that Achilles has spared thee.Now verily hast thou ransomed thy son, and a great price thou gavest. But for thine own life must the sons thou hast, they that be left behind, give ransom thrice so great, if so be Agamemnon, Atreus' son, have knowledge of thee, or the host of the Achaeans have knowledge. So spake he, and the old man was seized with fear, and made the herald to arise.
ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἐπὶ καρπῷ χεῖρα γέροντος ἔλλαβε δεξιτερήν, μή πως δείσειʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ. οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐν προδόμῳ δόμου αὐτόθι κοιμήσαντο κῆρυξ καὶ Πρίαμος πυκινὰ φρεσὶ μήδεʼ ἔχοντες, αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς εὗδε μυχῷ κλισίης ἐϋπήκτου· τῷ δὲ Βρισηῒς παρελέξατο καλλιπάρῃος. ἄλλοι μέν ῥα θεοί τε καὶ ἀνέρες ἱπποκορυσταὶ εὗδον παννύχιοι μαλακῷ δεδμημένοι ὕπνῳ· ἀλλʼ οὐχ Ἑρμείαν ἐριούνιον ὕπνος ἔμαρπτεν ὁρμαίνοντʼ ἀνὰ θυμὸν ὅπως Πρίαμον βασιλῆα νηῶν ἐκπέμψειε λαθὼν ἱεροὺς πυλαωρούς. στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·
Zeus to Gods · divine
Lines 32–43
Even as now Aegisthus, beyond that which was ordained, took to himself the wedded wife of the son of Atreus, and slew him on his return, though well he knew of sheer destruction, seeing that we spake to him before, sending Hermes, the keen-sighted Argeiphontes,1 that he should neither slay the man nor woo his wife; for from Orestes shall come vengeance for the son of Atreus when once he has come to manhood and longs for his own land. So Hermes spoke, but for all his good intent he prevailed not upon the heart of Aegisthus; and now he has paid the full price of all.”
πόποι, οἷον δή νυ θεοὺς βροτοὶ αἰτιόωνται· ἐξ ἡμέων γάρ φασι κάκʼ ἔμμεναι, οἱ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ σφῇσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ὑπὲρ μόρον ἄλγεʼ ἔχουσιν, ὡς καὶ νῦν Αἴγισθος ὑπὲρ μόρον Ἀτρεΐδαο γῆμʼ ἄλοχον μνηστήν, τὸν δʼ ἔκτανε νοστήσαντα, εἰδὼς αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον, ἐπεὶ πρό οἱ εἴπομεν ἡμεῖς, Ἑρμείαν πέμψαντες, ἐύσκοπον ἀργεϊφόντην, μήτʼ αὐτὸν κτείνειν μήτε μνάασθαι ἄκοιτιν· ἐκ γὰρ Ὀρέσταο τίσις ἔσσεται Ἀτρεΐδαο, ὁππότʼ ἂν ἡβήσῃ τε καὶ ἧς ἱμείρεται αἴης. ὣς ἔφαθʼ Ἑρμείας, ἀλλʼ οὐ φρένας Αἰγίσθοιο πεῖθʼ ἀγαθὰ φρονέων· νῦν δʼ ἁθρόα πάντʼ ἀπέτισεν.
Athena to Zeus · divine
Lines 81–95
to the isle Ogygia, that with all speed he may declare to the fair-tressed nymph our fixed resolve, even the return of Odysseus of the steadfast heart, that he may come home. But, as for me, I will go to Ithaca, that I may the more arouse his son, and set courage in his heart to call to an assembly the long-haired Achaeans, and speak out his word to all the wooers, who are ever slaying his thronging sheep and his sleek2 kine of shambling gait. And I will guide him to Sparta and to sandy Pylos, to seek tidings of the return of his dear father, if haply he may hear of it, that good report may be his among men.” So she spoke, and bound beneath her feet her beautiful sandals, immortal,1 golden, which were wont to bear her both over the waters of the sea and over the boundless land swift as the blasts of the wind. And she took her mighty spear, tipped with sharp bronze,
πάτερ ἡμέτερε Κρονίδη, ὕπατε κρειόντων, εἰ μὲν δὴ νῦν τοῦτο φίλον μακάρεσσι θεοῖσιν, νοστῆσαι Ὀδυσῆα πολύφρονα ὅνδε δόμονδε, Ἑρμείαν μὲν ἔπειτα διάκτορον ἀργεϊφόντην νῆσον ἐς Ὠγυγίην ὀτρύνομεν, ὄφρα τάχιστα νύμφῃ ἐυπλοκάμῳ εἴπῃ νημερτέα βουλήν, νόστον Ὀδυσσῆος ταλασίφρονος, ὥς κε νέηται· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν Ἰθάκηνδʼ ἐσελεύσομαι, ὄφρα οἱ υἱὸν μᾶλλον ἐποτρύνω καί οἱ μένος ἐν φρεσὶ θείω, εἰς ἀγορὴν καλέσαντα κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς πᾶσι μνηστήρεσσιν ἀπειπέμεν, οἵ τέ οἱ αἰεὶ μῆλʼ ἁδινὰ σφάζουσι καὶ εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς. πέμψω δʼ ἐς Σπάρτην τε καὶ ἐς Πύλον ἠμαθόεντα νόστον πευσόμενον πατρὸς φίλου, ἤν που ἀκούσῃ, ἠδʼ ἵνα μιν κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἐν ἀνθρώποισιν ἔχῃσιν.
Lines 111–122
seeing in thought his noble father, should he perchance come from somewhere and make a scattering of the wooers in the palace, and himself win honor and rule over his own house. As he thought of these things, sitting among the wooers, he beheld Athena, and he went straight to the outer door; for in his heart he counted it shame that a stranger should stand long at the gates. So, drawing near, he clasped her right hand, and took from her the spear of bronze; and he spoke, and addressed her with winged words:1 “Hail, stranger; in our house thou shalt find entertainment and then, when thou hast tasted food, thou shalt tell of what thou hast need.”
οἱ δʼ αὖτε σπόγγοισι πολυτρήτοισι τραπέζας νίζον καὶ πρότιθεν, τοὶ δὲ κρέα πολλὰ δατεῦντο. τὴν δὲ πολὺ πρῶτος ἴδε Τηλέμαχος θεοειδής, ἧστο γὰρ ἐν μνηστῆρσι φίλον τετιημένος ἦτορ, ὀσσόμενος πατέρʼ ἐσθλὸν ἐνὶ φρεσίν, εἴ ποθεν ἐλθὼν μνηστήρων τῶν μὲν σκέδασιν κατὰ δώματα θείη, τιμὴν δʼ αὐτὸς ἔχοι καὶ δώμασιν οἷσιν ἀνάσσοι. τὰ φρονέων, μνηστῆρσι μεθήμενος, εἴσιδʼ Ἀθήνην. βῆ δʼ ἰθὺς προθύροιο, νεμεσσήθη δʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ ξεῖνον δηθὰ θύρῃσιν ἐφεστάμεν· ἐγγύθι δὲ στὰς χεῖρʼ ἕλε δεξιτερὴν καὶ ἐδέξατο χάλκεον ἔγχος, καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·
Lines 140–154
and therewith dainties in abundance, giving freely of her store. And a carver lifted up and placed before them platters of all manner of meats, and set by them golden goblets, while a herald ever walked to and fro pouring them wine. Then in came the proud wooers, and thereafter sat them down in rows on chairs and high seats. Heralds poured water over their hands, and maid-servants heaped by them bread in baskets, and youths filled the bowls brim full of drink; and they put forth their hands to the good cheer lying ready before them. Now after the wooers had put from them the desire of food and drink, their hearts turned to other things, to song and to dance; for these things are the crown of a feast. And a herald put the beautiful lyre in the hands of Phemius, who sang perforce among the wooers;
εἴδατα πόλλʼ ἐπιθεῖσα, χαριζομένη παρεόντων· δαιτρὸς δὲ κρειῶν πίνακας παρέθηκεν ἀείρας παντοίων, παρὰ δέ σφι τίθει χρύσεια κύπελλα· κῆρυξ δʼ αὐτοῖσιν θάμʼ ἐπῴχετο οἰνοχοεύων. ἐς δʼ ἦλθον μνηστῆρες ἀγήνορες. οἱ μὲν ἔπειτα ἑξείης ἕζοντο κατὰ κλισμούς τε θρόνους τε, τοῖσι δὲ κήρυκες μὲν ὕδωρ ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν, σῖτον δὲ δμῳαὶ παρενήνεον ἐν κανέοισιν, κοῦροι δὲ κρητῆρας ἐπεστέψαντο ποτοῖο. οἱ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο μνηστῆρες, τοῖσιν μὲν ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἄλλα μεμήλει, μολπή τʼ ὀρχηστύς τε· τὰ γάρ τʼ ἀναθήματα δαιτός· κῆρυξ δʼ ἐν χερσὶν κίθαριν περικαλλέα θῆκεν Φημίῳ, ὅς ῥʼ ἤειδε παρὰ μνηστῆρσιν ἀνάγκῃ.
Lines 253–305
Would that he might come now and take his stand at the outer gate of the house, with helmet and shield and two spears, such a man as he was when I first saw him in our house drinking and making merry, on his way back from Ephyre, from the house of Ilus, son of Mermerus. For thither, too, went Odysseus in his swift ship in search of a deadly drug, that he might have wherewith to smear his bronze-tipped arrows; yet Ilus gave it not to him, for he stood in awe of the gods that are forever; but my father gave it, for he held him strangely dear. Would, I say, that in such strength Odysseus might come amongst the wooers; then should they all find swift destruction and bitterness in their wooing. Yet these things verily lie on the knees of the gods, whether he shall return and wreak vengeance in his halls, or whether he shall not; but for thyself, I bid thee take thought how thou mayest thrust forth the wooers from the hall. Come now, give ear, and hearken to my words. On the morrow call to an assembly the Achaean lords, and speak out thy word to all, and let the gods be thy witnesses. As for the wooers, bid them scatter, each to his own; and for thy mother, if her heart bids her marry, let her go back to the hall of her mighty father, and there they will prepare a wedding feast, and make ready the gifts1 full many—aye, all that should follow after a well-loved daughter. And to thyself will I give wise counsel, if thou wilt hearken. Man with twenty rowers the best ship thou hast, and go to seek tidings of thy father, that has long been gone, if haply any mortal may tell thee, or thou mayest hear a voice from Zeus, which oftenest brings tidings to men. First go to Pylos and question goodly Nestor, and from thence to Sparta to fair-haired Menelaus; for he was the last to reach home of the brazen-coated Achaeans. If so be thou shalt hear that thy father is alive and coming home, then verily, though thou art sore afflicted, thou couldst endure for yet a year. But if thou shalt hear that he is dead and gone, then return to thy dear native land and heap up a mound for him, and over it pay funeral rites, full many as is due, and give thy mother to a husband. Then when thou hast done all this and brought it to an end, thereafter take thought in mind and heart how thou mayest slay the wooers in thy halls whether by guile or openly; for it beseems thee not to practise childish ways, since thou art no longer of such an age. Or hast thou not heard what fame the goodly Orestes won among all mankind when he slew his father's murderer, the guileful Aegisthus, for that he slew his glorious father? Thou too, my friend, for I see that thou art comely and tall, be thou valiant, that many an one of men yet to be born may praise thee. But now I will go down to my swift ship and my comrades, who, methinks, are chafing much at waiting for me. For thyself, give heed and have regard to my words.” Then wise Telemachus answered her: “Stranger, in truth thou speakest these things with kindly thought, as a father to his son, and never will I forget them. But come now, tarry, eager though thou art to be gone,
πόποι, δὴ πολλὸν ἀποιχομένου Ὀδυσῆος δεύῃ, κε μνηστῆρσιν ἀναιδέσι χεῖρας ἐφείη. εἰ γὰρ νῦν ἐλθὼν δόμου ἐν πρώτῃσι θύρῃσι σταίη, ἔχων πήληκα καὶ ἀσπίδα καὶ δύο δοῦρε, τοῖος ἐὼν οἷόν μιν ἐγὼ τὰ πρῶτʼ ἐνόησα οἴκῳ ἐν ἡμετέρῳ πίνοντά τε τερπόμενόν τε, ἐξ Ἐφύρης ἀνιόντα παρʼ Ἴλου Μερμερίδαο— ᾤχετο γὰρ καὶ κεῖσε θοῆς ἐπὶ νηὸς Ὀδυσσεὺς φάρμακον ἀνδροφόνον διζήμενος, ὄφρα οἱ εἴη ἰοὺς χρίεσθαι χαλκήρεας· ἀλλʼ μὲν οὔ οἱ δῶκεν, ἐπεί ῥα θεοὺς νεμεσίζετο αἰὲν ἐόντας, ἀλλὰ πατήρ οἱ δῶκεν ἐμός· φιλέεσκε γὰρ αἰνῶς— τοῖος ἐὼν μνηστῆρσιν ὁμιλήσειεν Ὀδυσσεύς· πάντες κʼ ὠκύμοροί τε γενοίατο πικρόγαμοί τε. ἀλλʼ τοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται, κεν νοστήσας ἀποτίσεται, ἦε καὶ οὐκί, οἷσιν ἐνὶ μεγάροισι· σὲ δὲ φράζεσθαι ἄνωγα, ὅππως κε μνηστῆρας ἀπώσεαι ἐκ μεγάροιο. εἰ δʼ ἄγε νῦν ξυνίει καὶ ἐμῶν ἐμπάζεο μύθων· αὔριον εἰς ἀγορὴν καλέσας ἥρωας Ἀχαιοὺς μῦθον πέφραδε πᾶσι, θεοὶ δʼ ἐπὶ μάρτυροι ἔστων. μνηστῆρας μὲν ἐπὶ σφέτερα σκίδνασθαι ἄνωχθι, μητέρα δʼ, εἴ οἱ θυμὸς ἐφορμᾶται γαμέεσθαι, ἂψ ἴτω ἐς μέγαρον πατρὸς μέγα δυναμένοιο· οἱ δὲ γάμον τεύξουσι καὶ ἀρτυνέουσιν ἔεδνα πολλὰ μάλʼ, ὅσσα ἔοικε φίλης ἐπὶ παιδὸς ἕπεσθαι. σοὶ δʼ αὐτῷ πυκινῶς ὑποθήσομαι, αἴ κε πίθηαι· νῆʼ ἄρσας ἐρέτῃσιν ἐείκοσιν, τις ἀρίστη, ἔρχεο πευσόμενος πατρὸς δὴν οἰχομένοιο, ἤν τίς τοι εἴπῃσι βροτῶν, ὄσσαν ἀκούσῃς ἐκ Διός, τε μάλιστα φέρει κλέος ἀνθρώποισι. πρῶτα μὲν ἐς Πύλον ἐλθὲ καὶ εἴρεο Νέστορα δῖον, κεῖθεν δὲ Σπάρτηνδε παρὰ ξανθὸν Μενέλαον· ὃς γὰρ δεύτατος ἦλθεν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων. εἰ μέν κεν πατρὸς βίοτον καὶ νόστον ἀκούσῃς, τʼ ἂν τρυχόμενός περ ἔτι τλαίης ἐνιαυτόν· εἰ δέ κε τεθνηῶτος ἀκούσῃς μηδʼ ἔτʼ ἐόντος, νοστήσας δὴ ἔπειτα φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν σῆμά τέ οἱ χεῦαι καὶ ἐπὶ κτέρεα κτερεΐξαι πολλὰ μάλʼ, ὅσσα ἔοικε, καὶ ἀνέρι μητέρα δοῦναι. αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν δὴ ταῦτα τελευτήσῃς τε καὶ ἔρξῃς, φράζεσθαι δὴ ἔπειτα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν ὅππως κε μνηστῆρας ἐνὶ μεγάροισι τεοῖσι κτείνῃς ἠὲ δόλῳ ἀμφαδόν· οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ νηπιάας ὀχέειν, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι τηλίκος ἐσσι. οὐκ ἀίεις οἷον κλέος ἔλλαβε δῖος Ὀρέστης πάντας ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους, ἐπεὶ ἔκτανε πατροφονῆα, Αἴγισθον δολόμητιν, οἱ πατέρα κλυτὸν ἔκτα; καὶ σύ, φίλος, μάλα γάρ σʼ ὁρόω καλόν τε μέγαν τε, ἄλκιμος ἔσσʼ, ἵνα τίς σε καὶ ὀψιγόνων ἐὺ εἴπῃ. αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐπὶ νῆα θοὴν κατελεύσομαι ἤδη ἠδʼ ἑτάρους, οἵ πού με μάλʼ ἀσχαλόωσι μένοντες· σοὶ δʼ αὐτῷ μελέτω, καὶ ἐμῶν ἐμπάζεο μύθων.
Lines 435–444
for she of all the handmaids loved him most, and had nursed him when he was a child. He opened the doors of the well-built chamber, sat down on the bed, and took off his soft tunic and laid it in the wise old woman's hands. And she folded and smoothed the tunic and hung it on a peg beside the corded1 bedstead, and then went forth from the chamber, drawing the door to by its silver handle, and driving the bolt home with the thong. So there, the night through, wrapped in a fleece of wool, he pondered in his mind upon the journey which Athena had shewn him.
δμῳάων φιλέεσκε, καὶ ἔτρεφε τυτθὸν ἐόντα. ὤιξεν δὲ θύρας θαλάμου πύκα ποιητοῖο, ἕζετο δʼ ἐν λέκτρῳ, μαλακὸν δʼ ἔκδυνε χιτῶνα· καὶ τὸν μὲν γραίης πυκιμηδέος ἔμβαλε χερσίν. μὲν τὸν πτύξασα καὶ ἀσκήσασα χιτῶνα, πασσάλῳ ἀγκρεμάσασα παρὰ τρητοῖσι λέχεσσι βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν ἐκ θαλάμοιο, θύρην δʼ ἐπέρυσσε κορώνῃ ἀργυρέῃ, ἐπὶ δὲ κληῖδʼ ἐτάνυσσεν ἱμάντι. ἔνθʼ γε παννύχιος, κεκαλυμμένος οἰὸς ἀώτῳ, βούλευε φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ὁδὸν τὴν πέφραδʼ Ἀθήνη.
Lines 25–34
“Hearken now to me, men of Ithaca, to the word that I shall say. Never have we held assembly or session since the day when goodly Odysseus departed in the hollow ships. And now who has called us together? On whom has such need come either of the young men or of those who are older? Has he heard some tidings of the army's return,1 which he might tell us plainly, seeing that he has first learned of it himself? Or is there some other public matter on which he is to speak and address us? A good man he seems in my eyes, a blessed man. May Zeus fulfil unto him himself some good, even whatsoever he desires in his heart.”
κέκλυτε δὴ νῦν μευ, Ἰθακήσιοι, ὅττι κεν εἴπω· οὔτε ποθʼ ἡμετέρη ἀγορὴ γένετʼ οὔτε θόωκος ἐξ οὗ Ὀδυσσεὺς δῖος ἔβη κοίλῃς ἐνὶ νηυσί. νῦν δὲ τίς ὧδʼ ἤγειρε; τίνα χρειὼ τόσον ἵκει ἠὲ νέων ἀνδρῶν οἳ προγενέστεροί εἰσιν; ἠέ τινʼ ἀγγελίην στρατοῦ ἔκλυεν ἐρχομένοιο, ἥν χʼ ἡμῖν σάφα εἴποι, ὅτε πρότερός γε πύθοιτο; ἦέ τι δήμιον ἄλλο πιφαύσκεται ἠδʼ ἀγορεύει; ἐσθλός μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι, ὀνήμενος. εἴθε οἱ αὐτῷ Ζεὺς ἀγαθὸν τελέσειεν, ὅτι φρεσὶν ᾗσι μενοινᾷ.
Lines 229–241
Never henceforth let sceptred king with a ready heart be kind and gentle, nor let him heed righteousness in his heart, but let him ever be harsh and work unrighteousness, seeing that no one remembers divine Odysseus of the people whose lord he was; yet gentle was he as a father. But of a truth I begrudge not the proud wooers that they work deeds of violence in the evil contrivings of their minds, for it is at the hazard of their own lives that they violently devour the house of Odysseus, who, they say, will no more return. Nay, rather it is with the rest of the folk that I am wroth, that ye all sit thus in silence, and utter no word of rebuke to make the wooers cease, though ye are many and they but few.” Then Leocritus, son of Euenor, answered him:“Mentor, thou mischief-maker,1 thou wanderer in thy wits, what hast thou said, bidding men make us cease? Nay, it were a hard thing
κέκλυτε δὴ νῦν μευ, Ἰθακήσιοι, ὅττι κεν εἴπω· μή τις ἔτι πρόφρων ἀγανὸς καὶ ἤπιος ἔστω σκηπτοῦχος βασιλεύς, μηδὲ φρεσὶν αἴσιμα εἰδώς, ἀλλʼ αἰεὶ χαλεπός τʼ εἴη καὶ αἴσυλα ῥέζοι· ὡς οὔ τις μέμνηται Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο λαῶν οἷσιν ἄνασσε, πατὴρ δʼ ὣς ἤπιος ἦεν. ἀλλʼ τοι μνηστῆρας ἀγήνορας οὔ τι μεγαίρω ἔρδειν ἔργα βίαια κακορραφίῃσι νόοιο· σφὰς γὰρ παρθέμενοι κεφαλὰς κατέδουσι βιαίως οἶκον Ὀδυσσῆος, τὸν δʼ οὐκέτι φασὶ νέεσθαι. νῦν δʼ ἄλλῳ δήμῳ νεμεσίζομαι, οἷον ἅπαντες ἧσθʼ ἄνεῳ, ἀτὰρ οὔ τι καθαπτόμενοι ἐπέεσσι παύρους μνηστῆρας καταπαύετε πολλοὶ ἐόντες.
Lines 243–256
to fight about a feast with men that moreover outnumber you. For if Ithacan Odysseus himself were to come and be eager at heart to drive out from his hall the lordly wooers who are feasting in his house, then should his wife have no joy at his coming, though sorely she longed for him, but right here would he meet a shameful death, if he fought with men that outnumbered him.2 Thou hast not spoken aright. But come now, ye people, scatter, each one of you to his own lands. As for this fellow, Mentor and Halitherses will speed his journey, for they are friends of his father's house from of old. But methinks he will long abide here and get his tidings in Ithaca, and never accomplish this journey.” So he spoke, and hastily broke up the assembly. They then scattered, each one to his own house; and the wooers went to the house of divine Odysseus.
Μέντορ ἀταρτηρέ, φρένας ἠλεέ, ποῖον ἔειπες ἡμέας ὀτρύνων καταπαυέμεν. ἀργαλέον δὲ ἀνδράσι καὶ πλεόνεσσι μαχήσασθαι περὶ δαιτί. εἴ περ γάρ κʼ Ὀδυσεὺς Ἰθακήσιος αὐτὸς ἐπελθὼν δαινυμένους κατὰ δῶμα ἑὸν μνηστῆρας ἀγαυοὺς ἐξελάσαι μεγάροιο μενοινήσειʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ, οὔ κέν οἱ κεχάροιτο γυνή, μάλα περ χατέουσα, ἐλθόντʼ, ἀλλά κεν αὐτοῦ ἀεικέα πότμον ἐπίσποι, εἰ πλεόνεσσι μάχοιτο· σὺ δʼ οὐ κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες. ἀλλʼ ἄγε, λαοὶ μὲν σκίδνασθʼ ἐπὶ ἔργα ἕκαστος, τούτῳ δʼ ὀτρυνέει Μέντωρ ὁδὸν ἠδʼ Ἁλιθέρσης, οἵ τέ οἱ ἐξ ἀρχῆς πατρώιοί εἰσιν ἑταῖροι. ἀλλʼ ὀίω, καὶ δηθὰ καθήμενος ἀγγελιάων πεύσεται εἰν Ἰθάκῃ, τελέει δʼ ὁδὸν οὔ ποτε ταύτην.
Lines 363–370
thou who art an only son and well-beloved? But he hath perished far from his country, the Zeus-born Odysseus, in a strange land; and these men, so soon as thou art gone, will devise evil for thee hereafter, that thou mayest perish by guile, and themselves divide all these possessions. Nay, abide here in charge of what is thine; thou hast no need to suffer ills and go a wanderer over the unresting sea.” Then wise Telemachus answered her: “Take heart, nurse, for not without a god's warrant is this my plan. But swear to tell naught of this to my dear mother until the eleventh or twelfth day shall come,
τίπτε δέ τοι, φίλε τέκνον, ἐνὶ φρεσὶ τοῦτο νόημα ἔπλετο; πῇ δʼ ἐθέλεις ἰέναι πολλὴν ἐπὶ γαῖαν μοῦνος ἐὼν ἀγαπητός; δʼ ὤλετο τηλόθι πάτρης διογενὴς Ὀδυσεὺς ἀλλογνώτῳ ἐνὶ δήμῳ. οἱ δέ τοι αὐτίκʼ ἰόντι κακὰ φράσσονται ὀπίσσω, ὥς κε δόλῳ φθίῃς, τάδε δʼ αὐτοὶ πάντα δάσονται. ἀλλὰ μένʼ αὖθʼ ἐπὶ σοῖσι καθήμενος· οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ πόντον ἐπʼ ἀτρύγετον κακὰ πάσχειν οὐδʼ ἀλάλησθαι.
Lines 26–28
Τηλέμαχʼ, ἄλλα μὲν αὐτὸς ἐνὶ φρεσὶ σῇσι νοήσεις, ἄλλα δὲ καὶ δαίμων ὑποθήσεται· οὐ γὰρ ὀίω οὔ σε θεῶν ἀέκητι γενέσθαι τε τραφέμεν τε.
Lines 75–78
Then wise Telemachus took courage, and made answer, for Athena herself put courage in his heart, that he might ask about his father that was gone, and that good report might be his among men: “Nestor, son of Neleus, great glory of the Achaeans,
τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα θαρσήσας· αὐτὴ γὰρ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θάρσος Ἀθήνη θῆχʼ, ἵνα μιν περὶ πατρὸς ἀποιχομένοιο ἔροιτο ἠδʼ ἵνα μιν κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἐν ἀνθρώποισιν ἔχῃσιν·
Lines 254–328
Lo, of thine own self thou dost guess how this matter would have fallen out, if the son of Atreus, fair-haired Menelaus, on his return from Troy had found Aegisthus in his halls alive. Then for him not even in death would they have piled the up-piled earth, but the dogs and birds would have torn him as he lay on the plain far from the city, nor would any of the Achaean women have bewailed him; for monstrous was the deed he devised. We on our part abode there in Troy fulfilling our many toils; but he, at ease in a nook of horse-pasturing Argos, ever sought to beguile with words the wife of Agamemnon. Now at the first she put from her the unseemly deed, the beautiful Clytemnestra, for she had an understanding heart; and with her was furthermore a minstrel whom the son of Atreus straitly charged, when he set forth for the land of Troy, to guard his wife. But when at length the doom of the gods bound her that she should be overcome, then verily Aegisthus took the minstrel to a desert isle and left him to be the prey and spoil of birds; and her, willing as he was willing, he led to his own house. And many thigh-pieces he burned upon the holy altars of the gods, and many offerings he hung up, woven stuffs and gold, since he had accomplished a mighty deed beyond all his heart had hoped. assailed with his gentle1 shafts and slew the helmsman of Menelaus, as he held in his hands the steering-oar of the speeding ship, even Phrontis, son of Onetor, who excelled the tribes of men in piloting a ship when the storm winds blow strong. So Menelaus tarried there, though eager for his journey, that he might bury his comrade and over him pay funeral rites. But when he in his turn, as he passed over the wine-dark sea in the hollow ships, reached in swift course the steep height of Malea, then verily Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, planned for him a hateful path and poured upon him the blasts of shrill winds, and the waves were swollen to huge size, like unto mountains. Then, parting his ships in twain, he brought some to Crete, where the Cydonians dwelt about the streams of Iardanus. Now there is a smooth cliff, sheer towards the sea, on the border of Gortyn in the misty deep, where the Southwest Wind drives the great wave against the headland on the left toward Phaestus, and a little rock holds back a great wave. Thither came some of his ships, and the men with much ado escaped destruction, howbeit the ships the waves dashed to pieces against the reef. But the five other dark-prowed ships the wind, as it bore them, and the wave brought to Egypt. So he was wandering there with his ships among men of strange speech, gathering much livelihood and gold; but meanwhile Aegisthus devised this woeful work at home. Seven years he reigned over Mycenae, rich in gold, after slaying the son of Atreus, and the people were subdued under him; but in the eighth came as his bane the goodly Orestes back from Athens, and slew his father's murderer, the guileful Aegisthus, for that he had slain his glorious father. Now when he had slain him, he made a funeral feast for the Argives over his hateful mother and the craven Aegisthus; and on the self-same day there came to him Menelaus, good at the war-cry, bringing much treasure, even all the burden that his ships could bear. “So do not thou, my friend, wander long far from home, leaving thy wealth behind thee and men in thy house so insolent, lest they divide and devour all thy wealth, and thou shalt have gone on a fruitless journey. But to Menelaus I bid and command thee to go, for he has but lately come from a strange land, from a folk whence no one would hope in his heart to return, whom the storms had once driven astray into a sea so great, whence the very birds do not fare in the space of a year, so great is it and terrible. But now go thy way with thy ship and thy comrades, or, if thou wilt go by land, here are chariot and horses at hand for thee, and here at thy service are my sons, who will be thy guides to goodly Lacedaemon, where lives fair-haired Menelaus. And do thou beseech him thyself that he may tell thee the very truth. A lie will be not utter, for he is wise indeed.”
τοιγὰρ ἐγώ τοι, τέκνον, ἀληθέα πάντʼ ἀγορεύσω. τοι μὲν τάδε καὐτὸς ὀίεαι, ὥς κεν ἐτύχθη, εἰ ζωόν γʼ Αἴγισθον ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἔτετμεν Ἀτρεΐδης Τροίηθεν ἰών, ξανθὸς Μενέλαος· τῶ κέ οἱ οὐδὲ θανόντι χυτὴν ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἔχευαν, ἀλλʼ ἄρα τόν γε κύνες τε καὶ οἰωνοὶ κατέδαψαν κείμενον ἐν πεδίῳ ἑκὰς ἄστεος, οὐδέ κέ τίς μιν κλαῦσεν Ἀχαιιάδων· μάλα γὰρ μέγα μήσατο ἔργον. ἡμεῖς μὲν γὰρ κεῖθι πολέας τελέοντες ἀέθλους ἥμεθʼ· δʼ εὔκηλος μυχῷ Ἄργεος ἱπποβότοιο πόλλʼ Ἀγαμεμνονέην ἄλοχον θέλγεσκʼ ἐπέεσσιν. δʼ τοι τὸ πρὶν μὲν ἀναίνετο ἔργον ἀεικὲς δῖα Κλυταιμνήστρη· φρεσὶ γὰρ κέχρητʼ ἀγαθῇσι· πὰρ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔην καὶ ἀοιδὸς ἀνήρ, πόλλʼ ἐπέτελλεν Ἀτρεΐδης Τροίηνδε κιὼν εἴρυσθαι ἄκοιτιν. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή μιν μοῖρα θεῶν ἐπέδησε δαμῆναι, δὴ τότε τὸν μὲν ἀοιδὸν ἄγων ἐς νῆσον ἐρήμην κάλλιπεν οἰωνοῖσιν ἕλωρ καὶ κύρμα γενέσθαι, τὴν δʼ ἐθέλων ἐθέλουσαν ἀνήγαγεν ὅνδε δόμονδε. πολλὰ δὲ μηρίʼ ἔκηε θεῶν ἱεροῖς ἐπὶ βωμοῖς, πολλὰ δʼ ἀγάλματʼ ἀνῆψεν, ὑφάσματά τε χρυσόν τε, ἐκτελέσας μέγα ἔργον, οὔ ποτε ἔλπετο θυμῷ. ἡμεῖς μὲν γὰρ ἅμα πλέομεν Τροίηθεν ἰόντες, Ἀτρεΐδης καὶ ἐγώ, φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν· ἀλλʼ ὅτε Σούνιον ἱρὸν ἀφικόμεθʼ, ἄκρον Ἀθηνέων, ἔνθα κυβερνήτην Μενελάου Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων οἷς ἀγανοῖς βελέεσσιν ἐποιχόμενος κατέπεφνε, πηδάλιον μετὰ χερσὶ θεούσης νηὸς ἔχοντα, Φρόντιν Ὀνητορίδην, ὃς ἐκαίνυτο φῦλʼ ἀνθρώπων νῆα κυβερνῆσαι, ὁπότε σπέρχοιεν ἄελλαι. ὣς μὲν ἔνθα κατέσχετʼ, ἐπειγόμενός περ ὁδοῖο, ὄφρʼ ἕταρον θάπτοι καὶ ἐπὶ κτέρεα κτερίσειεν. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ καὶ κεῖνος ἰὼν ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον ἐν νηυσὶ γλαφυρῇσι Μαλειάων ὄρος αἰπὺ ἷξε θέων, τότε δὴ στυγερὴν ὁδὸν εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς ἐφράσατο, λιγέων δʼ ἀνέμων ἐπʼ ἀυτμένα χεῦε, κύματά τε τροφέοντο πελώρια, ἶσα ὄρεσσιν. ἔνθα διατμήξας τὰς μὲν Κρήτῃ ἐπέλασσεν, ἧχι Κύδωνες ἔναιον Ἰαρδάνου ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα. ἔστι δέ τις λισσὴ αἰπεῖά τε εἰς ἅλα πέτρη ἐσχατιῇ Γόρτυνος ἐν ἠεροειδέι πόντῳ· ἔνθα Νότος μέγα κῦμα ποτὶ σκαιὸν ῥίον ὠθεῖ, ἐς Φαιστόν, μικρὸς δὲ λίθος μέγα κῦμʼ ἀποέργει. αἱ μὲν ἄρʼ ἔνθʼ ἦλθον, σπουδῇ δʼ ἤλυξαν ὄλεθρον ἄνδρες, ἀτὰρ νῆάς γε ποτὶ σπιλάδεσσιν ἔαξαν κύματʼ· ἀτὰρ τὰς πέντε νέας κυανοπρῳρείους Αἰγύπτῳ ἐπέλασσε φέρων ἄνεμός τε καὶ ὕδωρ. ὣς μὲν ἔνθα πολὺν βίοτον καὶ χρυσὸν ἀγείρων ἠλᾶτο ξὺν νηυσὶ κατʼ ἀλλοθρόους ἀνθρώπους· τόφρα δὲ ταῦτʼ Αἴγισθος ἐμήσατο οἴκοθι λυγρά. κτείνας Ἀτρεΐδην, δέδμητο δὲ λαὸς ὑπʼ αὐτῷ. ἑπτάετες δʼ ἤνασσε πολυχρύσοιο Μυκήνης, τῷ δέ οἱ ὀγδοάτῳ κακὸν ἤλυθε δῖος Ὀρέστης ἂψ ἀπʼ Ἀθηνάων, κατὰ δʼ ἔκτανε πατροφονῆα, Αἴγισθον δολόμητιν, οἱ πατέρα κλυτὸν ἔκτα. τοι τὸν κτείνας δαίνυ τάφον Ἀργείοισιν μητρός τε στυγερῆς καὶ ἀνάλκιδος Αἰγίσθοιο· αὐτῆμαρ δέ οἱ ἦλθε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος πολλὰ κτήματʼ ἄγων, ὅσα οἱ νέες ἄχθος ἄειραν. καὶ σύ, φίλος, μὴ δηθὰ δόμων ἄπο τῆλʼ ἀλάλησο, κτήματά τε προλιπὼν ἄνδρας τʼ ἐν σοῖσι δόμοισιν οὕτω ὑπερφιάλους, μή τοι κατὰ πάντα φάγωσιν κτήματα δασσάμενοι, σὺ δὲ τηϋσίην ὁδὸν ἔλθῃς. ἀλλʼ ἐς μὲν Μενέλαον ἐγὼ κέλομαι καὶ ἄνωγα ἐλθεῖν· κεῖνος γὰρ νέον ἄλλοθεν εἰλήλουθεν, ἐκ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὅθεν οὐκ ἔλποιτό γε θυμῷ ἐλθέμεν, ὅν τινα πρῶτον ἀποσφήλωσιν ἄελλαι ἐς πέλαγος μέγα τοῖον, ὅθεν τέ περ οὐδʼ οἰωνοὶ αὐτόετες οἰχνεῦσιν, ἐπεὶ μέγα τε δεινόν τε. ἀλλʼ ἴθι νῦν σὺν νηί τε σῇ καὶ σοῖς ἑτάροισιν· εἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις πεζός, πάρα τοι δίφρος τε καὶ ἵπποι, πὰρ δέ τοι υἷες ἐμοί, οἵ τοι πομπῆες ἔσονται ἐς Λακεδαίμονα δῖαν, ὅθι ξανθὸς Μενέλαος. λίσσεσθαι δέ μιν αὐτός, ἵνα νημερτὲς ἐνίσπῃ· ψεῦδος δʼ οὐκ ἐρέει· μάλα γὰρ πεπνυμένος ἐστίν.
Lines 78–112
but of men another might vie with me in wealth or haply might not. For of a truth after many woes and wide wanderings I brought my wealth home in my ships and came in the eighth year. Over Cyprus and Phoenicia I wandered, and Egypt, and I came to the Ethiopians and the Sidonians and the Erembi, and to Libya, where the lambs are horned from their birth.1 For there the ewes bear their young thrice within the full course of the year; there neither master nor shepherd has any lack of cheese or of meat or of sweet milk, but the flocks ever yield milk to the milking the year through. While I wandered in those lands gathering much livelihood, meanwhile another slew my brother by stealth and at unawares, by the guile of his accursed wife. Thus, thou mayest see, I have no joy in being lord of this wealth; and you may well have heard of this from your fathers, whosoever they may be, for full much did I suffer, and let fall into ruin a stately house and one stored with much goodly treasure. Would that I dwelt in my halls with but a third part of this wealth, and that those men were safe who then perished in the broad land of Troy far from horse-pasturing Argos. And yet, though I often sit in my halls weeping and sorrowing for them all—one moment indeed I ease my heart with weeping, and then again I cease, for men soon have surfeit of chill lament—yet for them all I mourn not so much, despite my grief, as for one only, who makes me to loathe both sleep and food, when I think of him; for no one of the Achaeans toiled so much as Odysseus toiled and endured. But to himself, as it seems, his portion was to be but woe, and for me there is sorrow never to be forgotten for him, in that he is gone so long, nor do we know aught whether he be alive or dead. Mourned is he, I ween, by the old man Laertes, and by constant Penelope, and by Telemachus, whom he left a new-born child in his house.” So he spoke, and in Telemachus he roused the desire to weep for his father. Tears from his eyelids he let fall upon the ground, when he heard his father's name,
τέκνα φίλʼ, τοι Ζηνὶ βροτῶν οὐκ ἄν τις ἐρίζοι· ἀθάνατοι γὰρ τοῦ γε δόμοι καὶ κτήματʼ ἔασιν· ἀνδρῶν δʼ κέν τίς μοι ἐρίσσεται, ἠὲ καὶ οὐκί, κτήμασιν. γὰρ πολλὰ παθὼν καὶ πόλλʼ ἐπαληθεὶς ἠγαγόμην ἐν νηυσὶ καὶ ὀγδοάτῳ ἔτει ἦλθον, Κύπρον Φοινίκην τε καὶ Αἰγυπτίους ἐπαληθείς, Αἰθίοπάς θʼ ἱκόμην καὶ Σιδονίους καὶ Ἐρεμβοὺς καὶ Λιβύην, ἵνα τʼ ἄρνες ἄφαρ κεραοὶ τελέθουσι. τρὶς γὰρ τίκτει μῆλα τελεσφόρον εἰς ἐνιαυτόν. ἔνθα μὲν οὔτε ἄναξ ἐπιδευὴς οὔτε τι ποιμὴν τυροῦ καὶ κρειῶν οὐδὲ γλυκεροῖο γάλακτος, ἀλλʼ αἰεὶ παρέχουσιν ἐπηετανὸν γάλα θῆσθαι. ἧος ἐγὼ περὶ κεῖνα πολὺν βίοτον συναγείρων ἠλώμην, τῆός μοι ἀδελφεὸν ἄλλος ἔπεφνεν λάθρῃ, ἀνωιστί, δόλῳ οὐλομένης ἀλόχοιο· ὣς οὔ τοι χαίρων τοῖσδε κτεάτεσσιν ἀνάσσω. καὶ πατέρων τάδε μέλλετʼ ἀκουέμεν, οἵ τινες ὑμῖν εἰσίν, ἐπεὶ μάλα πολλὰ πάθον, καὶ ἀπώλεσα οἶκον εὖ μάλα ναιετάοντα, κεχανδότα πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλά. ὧν ὄφελον τριτάτην περ ἔχων ἐν δώμασι μοῖραν ναίειν, οἱ δʼ ἄνδρες σόοι ἔμμεναι, οἳ τότʼ ὄλοντο Τροίῃ ἐν εὐρείῃ ἑκὰς Ἄργεος ἱπποβότοιο. ἀλλʼ ἔμπης πάντας μὲν ὀδυρόμενος καὶ ἀχεύων πολλάκις ἐν μεγάροισι καθήμενος ἡμετέροισιν ἄλλοτε μέν τε γόῳ φρένα τέρπομαι, ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖτε παύομαι· αἰψηρὸς δὲ κόρος κρυεροῖο γόοιο. τῶν πάντων οὐ τόσσον ὀδύρομαι, ἀχνύμενός περ, ὡς ἑνός, ὅς τέ μοι ὕπνον ἀπεχθαίρει καὶ ἐδωδὴν μνωομένῳ, ἐπεὶ οὔ τις Ἀχαιῶν τόσσʼ ἐμόγησεν, ὅσσʼ Ὀδυσεὺς ἐμόγησε καὶ ἤρατο. τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλεν αὐτῷ κήδεʼ ἔσεσθαι, ἐμοὶ δʼ ἄχος αἰὲν ἄλαστον κείνου, ὅπως δὴ δηρὸν ἀποίχεται, οὐδέ τι ἴδμεν, ζώει γʼ τέθνηκεν. ὀδύρονταί νύ που αὐτὸν Λαέρτης θʼ γέρων καὶ ἐχέφρων Πηνελόπεια Τηλέμαχός θʼ, ὃν ἔλειπε νέον γεγαῶτʼ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ.
Lines 235–264
“Menelaus, son of Atreus, fostered of Zeus, and ye that are here, sons of noble men—though now to one and now to another Zeus gives good and ill, for he can do all things,—now verily sit ye in the halls and feast, and take ye joy in telling tales, for I will tell what fitteth the time. All things I cannot tell or recount, even all the labours of Odysseus of the steadfast heart; but what a thing was this which that mighty man wrought and endured in the land of the Trojans, where you Achaens suffered woes! Marring his own body with cruel blows, and flinging a wretched garment about his shoulders, in the fashion of a slave he entered the broad-wayed city of the foe, and he hid himself under the likeness of another, a beggar, he who was in no wise such an one at the ships of the Achaeans. In this likeness he entered the city of the Trojans, and all of them were but as babes.1 I alone recognized him in this disguise, and questioned him, but he in his cunning sought to avoid me. Howbeit when I was bathing him and anointing him with oil, and had put on him raiment, and sworn a mighty oath not to make him known among the Trojans as Odysseus before that he reached the swift ships and the huts, then at length he told me all the purpose of the Achaeans. And when he had slain many of the Trojans with the long sword, he returned to the company of the Argives and brought back plentiful tidings. Then the other Trojan women wailed aloud, but my soul was glad, for already my heart was turned to go back to my home, and I groaned for the blindness that Aphrodite gave me, when she led me thither from my dear native land, forsaking my child and my bridal chamber, and my husband, a man who lacked nothing, whether in wisdom or in comeliness.”
Ἀτρεΐδη Μενέλαε διοτρεφὲς ἠδὲ καὶ οἵδε ἀνδρῶν ἐσθλῶν παῖδες· ἀτὰρ θεὸς ἄλλοτε ἄλλῳ Ζεὺς ἀγαθόν τε κακόν τε διδοῖ· δύναται γὰρ ἅπαντα· τοι νῦν δαίνυσθε καθήμενοι ἐν μεγάροισι καὶ μύθοις τέρπεσθε· ἐοικότα γὰρ καταλέξω. πάντα μὲν οὐκ ἂν ἐγὼ μυθήσομαι οὐδʼ ὀνομήνω, ὅσσοι Ὀδυσσῆος ταλασίφρονός εἰσιν ἄεθλοι· ἀλλʼ οἷον τόδʼ ἔρεξε καὶ ἔτλη καρτερὸς ἀνὴρ δήμῳ ἔνι Τρώων, ὅθι πάσχετε πήματʼ Ἀχαιοί. αὐτόν μιν πληγῇσιν ἀεικελίῃσι δαμάσσας, σπεῖρα κάκʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισι βαλών, οἰκῆι ἐοικώς, ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων κατέδυ πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν· ἄλλῳ δʼ αὐτὸν φωτὶ κατακρύπτων ἤισκε, δέκτῃ, ὃς οὐδὲν τοῖος ἔην ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν. τῷ ἴκελος κατέδυ Τρώων πόλιν, οἱ δʼ ἀβάκησαν πάντες· ἐγὼ δέ μιν οἴη ἀνέγνων τοῖον ἐόντα, καί μιν ἀνηρώτων· δὲ κερδοσύνῃ ἀλέεινεν. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή μιν ἐγὼ λόεον καὶ χρῖον ἐλαίῳ, ἀμφὶ δὲ εἵματα ἕσσα καὶ ὤμοσα καρτερὸν ὅρκον μὴ μὲν πρὶν Ὀδυσῆα μετὰ Τρώεσσʼ ἀναφῆναι, πρίν γε τὸν ἐς νῆάς τε θοὰς κλισίας τʼ ἀφικέσθαι, καὶ τότε δή μοι πάντα νόον κατέλεξεν Ἀχαιῶν. πολλοὺς δὲ Τρώων κτείνας ταναήκεϊ χαλκῷ ἦλθε μετʼ Ἀργείους, κατὰ δὲ φρόνιν ἤγαγε πολλήν. ἔνθʼ ἄλλαι Τρῳαὶ λίγʼ ἐκώκυον· αὐτὰρ ἐμὸν κῆρ χαῖρʼ, ἐπεὶ ἤδη μοι κραδίη τέτραπτο νέεσθαι ἂψ οἶκόνδʼ, ἄτην δὲ μετέστενον, ἣν Ἀφροδίτη δῶχʼ, ὅτε μʼ ἤγαγε κεῖσε φίλης ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης, παῖδά τʼ ἐμὴν νοσφισσαμένην θάλαμόν τε πόσιν τε οὔ τευ δευόμενον, οὔτʼ ἂρ φρένας οὔτε τι εἶδος.
Lines 632–637
to cross over to spacious Elis, where I have twelve brood mares, and at the teat sturdy mules as yet unbroken. Of these I would fain drive one off and break him in.” So he spoke, and they marvelled at heart, for they did not deem that Telemachus had gone to Neleian Pylos, but that he was somewhere there
Ἀντίνοʼ, ῥά τι ἴδμεν ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἦε καὶ οὐκί, ὁππότε Τηλέμαχος νεῖτʼ ἐκ Πύλου ἠμαθόεντος; νῆά μοι οἴχετʼ ἄγων· ἐμὲ δὲ χρεὼ γίγνεται αὐτῆς Ἤλιδʼ ἐς εὐρύχορον διαβήμεναι, ἔνθα μοι ἵπποι δώδεκα θήλειαι, ὑπὸ δʼ ἡμίονοι ταλαεργοὶ ἀδμῆτες· τῶν κέν τινʼ ἐλασσάμενος δαμασαίμην.
Lines 657–662
and among them spoke Antinous, son of Eupeithes, in displeasure; and with rage was his black heart wholly filled, and his eyes were like blazing fire. “Out upon him, verily a proud deed has been insolently brought to pass by Telemachus, even this journey, and we deemed that he would never see it accomplished.
ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπέβη πρὸς δώματα πατρός, τοῖσιν δʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν ἀγάσσατο θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ. μνηστῆρας δʼ ἄμυδις κάθισαν καὶ παῦσαν ἀέθλων. τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀντίνοος μετέφη Εὐπείθεος υἱός, ἀχνύμενος· μένεος δὲ μέγα φρένες ἀμφιμέλαιναι πίμπλαντʼ, ὄσσε δέ οἱ πυρὶ λαμπετόωντι ἐίκτην·
Lines 673–680
Now Penelope was no long time without knowledge of the plans which the wooers were plotting in the deep of their hearts; for the herald Medon told her, who heard their counsel as he stood without the court and they within were weaving their plot. So he went through the hall to bear the tidings to Penelope; and as he stepped across the threshold Penelope spoke to him and said: “Herald, why have the lordly wooers sent thee forth? Was it to tell the handmaids of divine Odysseus to cease from their tasks, and make ready a feast for them? Never wooing1 any more, nor consorting together elsewhere,
ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπῄνεον ἠδʼ ἐκέλευον. αὐτίκʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀνστάντες ἔβαν δόμον εἰς Ὀδυσῆος. οὐδʼ ἄρα Πηνελόπεια πολὺν χρόνον ἦεν ἄπυστος μύθων, οὓς μνηστῆρες ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βυσσοδόμευον· κῆρυξ γάρ οἱ ἔειπε Μέδων, ὃς ἐπεύθετο βουλὰς αὐλῆς ἐκτὸς ἐών· οἱ δʼ ἔνδοθι μῆτιν ὕφαινον. βῆ δʼ ἴμεν ἀγγελέων διὰ δώματα Πηνελοπείῃ· τὸν δὲ κατʼ οὐδοῦ βάντα προσηύδα Πηνελόπεια·
Lines 774–777
of every kind alike, lest someone report your speech even within the house. Nay come, in silence thus let us arise and put into effect our plan which pleased us one and all at heart.” So he spoke, and chose twenty men that were best, and they went their way to the swift ship and the shore of the sea.
δαιμόνιοι, μύθους μὲν ὑπερφιάλους ἀλέασθε πάντας ὁμῶς, μή πού τις ἀπαγγείλῃσι καὶ εἴσω. ἀλλʼ ἄγε σιγῇ τοῖον ἀναστάντες τελέωμεν μῦθον, δὴ καὶ πᾶσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἤραρεν ἡμῖν.
Lines 810–823
“Why, sister, art thou come hither? Thou hast not heretofore been wont to come, for thou dwellest in a home far away. And thou biddest me cease from my grief and the many pains that distress me in mind and heart. Long since I lost my noble husband of the lion heart, pre-eminent in all manner of worth among the Danaans, my noble husband whose fame is wide in Hellas and mid-Argos. And now again my well-loved son is gone forth in a hollow ship, a mere child, knowing naught of toils and the gatherings of men. For him I sorrow even more than for that other, and tremble for him, and fear lest aught befall him, whether it be in the land of the men to whom he is gone, or on the sea. For many foes are plotting against him, eager to slay him before he comes back to his native land.” Then the dim phantom answered her, and said:
τίπτε, κασιγνήτη, δεῦρʼ ἤλυθες; οὔ τι πάρος γε πωλέʼ, ἐπεὶ μάλα πολλὸν ἀπόπροθι δώματα ναίεις· καί με κέλεαι παύσασθαι ὀιζύος ἠδʼ ὀδυνάων πολλέων, αἵ μʼ ἐρέθουσι κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν, πρὶν μὲν πόσιν ἐσθλὸν ἀπώλεσα θυμολέοντα, παντοίῃς ἀρετῇσι κεκασμένον ἐν Δαναοῖσιν, ἐσθλόν, τοῦ κλέος εὐρὺ καθʼ Ἑλλάδα καὶ μέσον Ἄργος· νῦν αὖ παῖς ἀγαπητὸς ἔβη κοίλης ἐπὶ νηός, νήπιος, οὔτε πόνων ἐὺ εἰδὼς οὔτʼ ἀγοράων. τοῦ δὴ ἐγὼ καὶ μᾶλλον ὀδύρομαι περ ἐκείνου· τοῦ δʼ ἀμφιτρομέω καὶ δείδια, μή τι πάθῃσιν, γε τῶν ἐνὶ δήμῳ, ἵνʼ οἴχεται, ἐνὶ πόντῳ· δυσμενέες γὰρ πολλοὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ μηχανόωνται, ἱέμενοι κτεῖναι πρὶν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι.
Lines 825–829
“Take heart, and be not in thy mind too sore afraid; since such a guide goes with him as men have full often besought to stand by their side, for she has power,—even Pallas Athena. And she pities thee in thy sorrow, for she it is that has sent me forth to tell thee this.”
θάρσει, μηδέ τι πάγχυ μετὰ φρεσὶ δείδιθι λίην· τοίη γάρ οἱ πομπὸς ἅμʼ ἔρχεται, ἥν τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἀνέρες ἠρήσαντο παρεστάμεναι, δύναται γάρ, Παλλὰς Ἀθηναίη· σὲ δʼ ὀδυρομένην ἐλεαίρει· νῦν με προέηκε τεῒν τάδε μυθήσασθαι.
Lines 838–847
the daughter of Icarius started up from sleep, and her heart was warmed with comfort, that so clear a vision had sped to her in the darkness1 of night. But the wooers embarked, and sailed over the watery ways, pondering in their hearts utter murder for Telemachus. There is a rocky isle in the midst of the sea, midway between Ithaca and rugged Samos, Asteris, of no great size, but therein is a harbor where ships may lie, with an entrance on either side. There it was that the Achaeans tarried, lying in wait for Telemachus.
ὣς εἰπὸν σταθμοῖο παρὰ κληῖδα λιάσθη ἐς πνοιὰς ἀνέμων. δʼ ἐξ ὕπνου ἀνόρουσε κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο· φίλον δέ οἱ ἦτορ ἰάνθη, ὥς οἱ ἐναργὲς ὄνειρον ἐπέσσυτο νυκτὸς ἀμολγῷ. μνηστῆρες δʼ ἀναβάντες ἐπέπλεον ὑγρὰ κέλευθα Τηλεμάχῳ φόνον αἰπὺν ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ὁρμαίνοντες. ἔστι δέ τις νῆσος μέσσῃ ἁλὶ πετρήεσσα, μεσσηγὺς Ἰθάκης τε Σάμοιό τε παιπαλοέσσης, Ἀστερίς, οὐ μεγάλη· λιμένες δʼ ἔνι ναύλοχοι αὐτῇ ἀμφίδυμοι· τῇ τόν γε μένον λοχόωντες Ἀχαιοί.
Athena to Zeus · divine
Lines 7–20
but let him ever be harsh, and work unrighteousness, seeing that no one remembers divine Odysseus of the people whose lord he was; yet gentle was he as a father. He verily abides in an island suffering grievous pains, in the halls of the nymph Calypso, who keeps him perforce; and he cannot return to his own land, for he has at hand no ships with oars and no comrades to send him on his way over the broad back of the sea. And now again they are minded to slay his well-loved son on his homeward way; for he went in quest of tidings of his father to sacred Pylos and to goodly Lacedaemon.” Then Zeus, the cloud-gatherer, answered her, and said: “My child, what a word has escaped the barrier of thy teeth! Didst thou not thyself devise this plan, that verily Odysseus might take vengeance on these men at his coming?
Ζεῦ πάτερ ἠδʼ ἄλλοι μάκαρες θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες, μή τις ἔτι πρόφρων ἀγανὸς καὶ ἤπιος ἔστω σκηπτοῦχος βασιλεύς, μηδὲ φρεσὶν αἴσιμα εἰδώς, ἀλλʼ αἰεὶ χαλεπός τʼ εἴη καὶ αἴσυλα ῥέζοι· ὡς οὔ τις μέμνηται Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο λαῶν οἷσιν ἄνασσε, πατὴρ δʼ ὣς ἤπιος ἦεν. ἀλλʼ μὲν ἐν νήσῳ κεῖται κρατέρʼ ἄλγεα πάσχων νύμφης ἐν μεγάροισι Καλυψοῦς, μιν ἀνάγκῃ ἴσχει· δʼ οὐ δύναται ἣν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι· οὐ γάρ οἱ πάρα νῆες ἐπήρετμοι καὶ ἑταῖροι, οἵ κέν μιν πέμποιεν ἐπʼ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης. νῦν αὖ παῖδʼ ἀγαπητὸν ἀποκτεῖναι μεμάασιν οἴκαδε νισόμενον· δʼ ἔβη μετὰ πατρὸς ἀκουὴν ἐς Πύλον ἠγαθέην ἠδʼ ἐς Λακεδαίμονα δῖαν.
Lines 73–86
and there the messenger Argeiphontes stood and marvelled. But when he had marvelled in his heart at all things, straightway he went into the wide cave; nor did Calypso, the beautiful goddess, fail to know him, when she saw him face to face; for not unknown are the immortal gods to one another, even though one dwells in a home far away. But the great-hearted Odysseus he found not within; for he sat weeping on the shore, as his wont had been, racking his soul with tears and groans and griefs, and he would look over the unresting sea, shedding tears. And Calypso, the beautiful goddess, questioned Hermes, when she had made him sit on a bright shining chair: “Why, pray, Hermes of the golden wand, hast thou come, an honorable guest and welcome? heretofore thou hast not been wont to come. Speak what is in thy mind; my heart bids me fulfil it,
θήλεον. ἔνθα κʼ ἔπειτα καὶ ἀθάνατός περ ἐπελθὼν θηήσαιτο ἰδὼν καὶ τερφθείη φρεσὶν ᾗσιν. ἔνθα στὰς θηεῖτο διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ πάντα ἑῷ θηήσατο θυμῷ, αὐτίκʼ ἄρʼ εἰς εὐρὺ σπέος ἤλυθεν. οὐδέ μιν ἄντην ἠγνοίησεν ἰδοῦσα Καλυψώ, δῖα θεάων· οὐ γάρ τʼ ἀγνῶτες θεοὶ ἀλλήλοισι πέλονται ἀθάνατοι, οὐδʼ εἴ τις ἀπόπροθι δώματα ναίει. οὐδʼ ἄρʼ Ὀδυσσῆα μεγαλήτορα ἔνδον ἔτετμεν, ἀλλʼ γʼ ἐπʼ ἀκτῆς κλαῖε καθήμενος, ἔνθα πάρος περ, δάκρυσι καὶ στοναχῇσι καὶ ἄλγεσι θυμὸν ἐρέχθων. πόντον ἐπʼ ἀτρύγετον δερκέσκετο δάκρυα λείβων. Ἑρμείαν δʼ ἐρέεινε Καλυψώ, δῖα θεάων, ἐν θρόνῳ ἱδρύσασα φαεινῷ σιγαλόεντι·
Lines 203–213
would'st thou then fare now forthwith home to thy dear native land! Yet, even so fare thee well. Howbeit if in thy heart thou knewest all the measure of woe it is thy fate to fulfil before thou comest to thy native land thou wouldest abide here and keep this house with me, and wouldest be immortal, for all thy desire to see thy wife for whom thou longest day by day. Surely not inferior to her do I declare myself to be either in form or stature, for in no wise is it seemly that mortal women should vie with immortals in form or comeliness.” Then Odysseus of many wiles answered her, and said:
διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ, οὕτω δὴ οἶκόνδε φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν αὐτίκα νῦν ἐθέλεις ἰέναι; σὺ δὲ χαῖρε καὶ ἔμπης. εἴ γε μὲν εἰδείης σῇσι φρεσὶν ὅσσα τοι αἶσα κήδεʼ ἀναπλῆσαι, πρὶν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι, ἐνθάδε κʼ αὖθι μένων σὺν ἐμοὶ τόδε δῶμα φυλάσσοις ἀθάνατός τʼ εἴης, ἱμειρόμενός περ ἰδέσθαι σὴν ἄλοχον, τῆς τʼ αἰὲν ἐέλδεαι ἤματα πάντα. οὐ μέν θην κείνης γε χερείων εὔχομαι εἶναι, οὐ δέμας οὐδὲ φυήν, ἐπεὶ οὔ πως οὐδὲ ἔοικεν θνητὰς ἀθανάτῃσι δέμας καὶ εἶδος ἐρίζειν.
Lines 365–376
While he pondered thus in mind and heart, Poseidon, the earth-shaker, made to rise up a great wave, dread and grievous, arching over from above, and drove it upon him. And as when a strong wind tosses a heap of straw that is dry, and some it scatters here, some there, even so the wave scattered the long timbers of the raft. But Odysseus bestrode one plank, as though he were riding a horse, and stripped off the garments which beautiful Calypso had given him. Then straightway he stretched the veil beneath his breast, and flung himself headlong into the sea with hands outstretched, ready to swim. And the lord, the earth-shaker, saw him, and he shook his head, and thus he spoke to his own heart: “So now, after thou hast suffered many ills, go wandering over the deep, till thou comest among the folk fostered of Zeus. Yet even so, methinks, thou shalt not make any mock at thy suffering.”
ἧος ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν, ὦρσε δʼ ἐπὶ μέγα κῦμα Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων, δεινόν τʼ ἀργαλέον τε, κατηρεφές, ἤλασε δʼ αὐτόν. ὡς δʼ ἄνεμος ζαὴς ἠΐων θημῶνα τινάξῃ καρφαλέων· τὰ μὲν ἄρ τε διεσκέδασʼ ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ· ὣς τῆς δούρατα μακρὰ διεσκέδασʼ. αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς ἀμφʼ ἑνὶ δούρατι βαῖνε, κέληθʼ ὡς ἵππον ἐλαύνων, εἵματα δʼ ἐξαπέδυνε, τά οἱ πόρε δῖα Καλυψώ. αὐτίκα δὲ κρήδεμνον ὑπὸ στέρνοιο τάνυσσεν, αὐτὸς δὲ πρηνὴς ἁλὶ κάππεσε, χεῖρε πετάσσας, νηχέμεναι μεμαώς. ἴδε δὲ κρείων ἐνοσίχθων, κινήσας δὲ κάρη προτὶ ὃν μυθήσατο θυμόν·
Lines 451–464
And all his flesh was swollen, and sea water flowed in streams up through his mouth and nostrils. So he lay breathless and speechless, with scarce strength to move; for terrible weariness had come upon him. But when he revived, and his spirit returned again into his breast, then he loosed from him the veil of the goddess and let it fall into the river that murmured seaward; and the great wave bore it back down the stream, and straightway Ino received it in her hands. But Odysseus, going back from the river, sank down in the reeds and kissed the earth, the giver of grain; and deeply moved he spoke to his own mighty spirit:
ὣς φάθʼ, δʼ αὐτίκα παῦσεν ἑὸν ῥόον, ἔσχε δὲ κῦμα, πρόσθε δέ οἱ ποίησε γαλήνην, τὸν δʼ ἐσάωσεν ἐς ποταμοῦ προχοάς. δʼ ἄρʼ ἄμφω γούνατʼ ἔκαμψε χεῖράς τε στιβαράς. ἁλὶ γὰρ δέδμητο φίλον κῆρ. ᾤδεε δὲ χρόα πάντα, θάλασσα δὲ κήκιε πολλὴ ἂν στόμα τε ῥῖνάς θʼ· δʼ ἄρʼ ἄπνευστος καὶ ἄναυδος κεῖτʼ ὀλιγηπελέων, κάματος δέ μιν αἰνὸς ἵκανεν. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἄμπνυτο καὶ ἐς φρένα θυμὸς ἀγέρθη, καὶ τότε δὴ κρήδεμνον ἀπὸ ἕο λῦσε θεοῖο. καὶ τὸ μὲν ἐς ποταμὸν ἁλιμυρήεντα μεθῆκεν, ἂψ δʼ ἔφερεν μέγα κῦμα κατὰ ῥόον, αἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ Ἰνὼ δέξατο χερσὶ φίλῃσιν· δʼ ἐκ ποταμοῖο λιασθεὶς σχοίνῳ ὑπεκλίνθη, κύσε δὲ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν. ὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·
Lines 57–65
Moreover for thyself it is seemly that when thou art at council with the princes thou shouldst have clean raiment upon thee; and thou hast five sons living in thy halls—two are wedded, but three are sturdy bachelors—and these ever wish to put on them freshly-washed raiment, when they go to the dance. Of all this must I take thought.” So she spoke, for she was ashamed to name gladsome1 marriage to her father; but he understood all, and answered, saying: “Neither the mules do I begrudge thee, my child, nor aught beside. Go thy way; the slaves shall make ready for thee the wagon,
πάππα φίλʼ, οὐκ ἂν δή μοι ἐφοπλίσσειας ἀπήνην ὑψηλὴν ἐύκυκλον, ἵνα κλυτὰ εἵματʼ ἄγωμαι ἐς ποταμὸν πλυνέουσα, τά μοι ῥερυπωμένα κεῖται; καὶ δὲ σοὶ αὐτῷ ἔοικε μετὰ πρώτοισιν ἐόντα βουλὰς βουλεύειν καθαρὰ χροΐ εἵματʼ ἔχοντα. πέντε δέ τοι φίλοι υἷες ἐνὶ μεγάροις γεγάασιν, οἱ δύʼ ὀπυίοντες, τρεῖς δʼ ἠίθεοι θαλέθοντες· οἱ δʼ αἰεὶ ἐθέλουσι νεόπλυτα εἵματʼ ἔχοντες ἐς χορὸν ἔρχεσθαι· τὰ δʼ ἐμῇ φρενὶ πάντα μέμηλεν.
Lines 101–115
and with her sport the wood-nymphs, the daughters of Zeus who bears the aegis, and Leto is glad at heart—high above them all Artemis holds her head and brows, and easily may she be known, though all are fair—so amid her handmaidens shone the maid unwed. But when she was about to yoke the mules, and fold the fair raiment, in order to return homeward, then the goddess, flashing-eyed Athena, took other counsel, that Odysseus might awake and see the fair-faced maid, who should lead him to the city of the Phaeacians. So then the princess tossed the ball to one of her maidens; the maiden indeed she missed, but cast it into a deep eddy, and thereat they cried aloud, and goodly Odysseus awoke, and sat up, and thus he pondered in mind and heart: “Woe is me! to the land of what mortals am I now come?
τῇσι δὲ Ναυσικάα λευκώλενος ἤρχετο μολπῆς. οἵη δʼ Ἄρτεμις εἶσι κατʼ οὔρεα ἰοχέαιρα, κατὰ Τηΰγετον περιμήκετον Ἐρύμανθον, τερπομένη κάπροισι καὶ ὠκείῃς ἐλάφοισι· τῇ δέ θʼ ἅμα νύμφαι, κοῦραι Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο, ἀγρονόμοι παίζουσι, γέγηθε δέ τε φρένα Λητώ· πασάων δʼ ὑπὲρ γε κάρη ἔχει ἠδὲ μέτωπα, ῥεῖά τʼ ἀριγνώτη πέλεται, καλαὶ δέ τε πᾶσαι· ὣς γʼ ἀμφιπόλοισι μετέπρεπε παρθένος ἀδμής. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ ἄρʼ ἔμελλε πάλιν οἶκόνδε νέεσθαι ζεύξασʼ ἡμιόνους πτύξασά τε εἵματα καλά, ἔνθʼ αὖτʼ ἄλλʼ ἐνόησε θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη, ὡς Ὀδυσεὺς ἔγροιτο, ἴδοι τʼ ἐυώπιδα κούρην, οἱ Φαιήκων ἀνδρῶν πόλιν ἡγήσαιτο. σφαῖραν ἔπειτʼ ἔρριψε μετʼ ἀμφίπολον βασίλεια·
Lines 116–118
ἀμφιπόλου μὲν ἅμαρτε, βαθείῃ δʼ ἔμβαλε δίνῃ· αἱ δʼ ἐπὶ μακρὸν ἄυσαν· δʼ ἔγρετο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς, ἑζόμενος δʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν·
Lines 127–141
Forth he came like a mountain-nurtured lion trusting in his might, who goes forth, beaten with rain and wind, but his two eyes are ablaze: into the midst of the kine he goes, or of the sheep, or on the track of the wild deer, and his belly bids him go even into the close-built fold, to make an attack upon the flocks. Even so Odysseus was about to enter the company of the fair-tressed maidens, naked though he was, for need had come upon him. But terrible did he seem to them, all befouled with brine, and they shrank in fear, one here, one there, along the jutting sand-spits. Alone the daughter of Alcinous kept her place, for in her heart Athena put courage, and took fear from her limbs. She fled not, but stood and faced him; and Odysseus pondered whether he should clasp the knees of the fair-faced maid, and make his prayer, or whether, standing apart as he was, he should beseech her with gentle words, in hope that she might show him the city and give him raiment.
ὣς εἰπὼν θάμνων ὑπεδύσετο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς, ἐκ πυκινῆς δʼ ὕλης πτόρθον κλάσε χειρὶ παχείῃ φύλλων, ὡς ῥύσαιτο περὶ χροῒ μήδεα φωτός. βῆ δʼ ἴμεν ὥς τε λέων ὀρεσίτροφος ἀλκὶ πεποιθώς, ὅς τʼ εἶσʼ ὑόμενος καὶ ἀήμενος, ἐν δέ οἱ ὄσσε δαίεται· αὐτὰρ βουσὶ μετέρχεται ὀίεσσιν ἠὲ μετʼ ἀγροτέρας ἐλάφους· κέλεται δέ γαστὴρ μήλων πειρήσοντα καὶ ἐς πυκινὸν δόμον ἐλθεῖν· ὣς Ὀδυσεὺς κούρῃσιν ἐυπλοκάμοισιν ἔμελλε μίξεσθαι, γυμνός περ ἐών· χρειὼ γὰρ ἵκανε. σμερδαλέος δʼ αὐτῇσι φάνη κεκακωμένος ἅλμῃ, τρέσσαν δʼ ἄλλυδις ἄλλη ἐπʼ ἠιόνας προὐχούσας· οἴη δʼ Ἀλκινόου θυγάτηρ μένε· τῇ γὰρ Ἀθήνη θάρσος ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε καὶ ἐκ δέος εἵλετο γυίων. στῆ δʼ ἄντα σχομένη· δὲ μερμήριξεν Ὀδυσσεύς,
Lines 142–148
And, as he pondered, it seemed to him better to stand apart and beseech her with gentle words, lest the maiden's heart should be wroth with him if he clasped her knees; so straightway he spoke a gentle word and crafty: “I beseech thee, O queen,—a goddess art thou, or art thou mortal?
γούνων λίσσοιτο λαβὼν ἐυώπιδα κούρην, αὔτως ἐπέεσσιν ἀποσταδὰ μειλιχίοισι λίσσοιτʼ, εἰ δείξειε πόλιν καὶ εἵματα δοίη. ὣς ἄρα οἱ φρονέοντι δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι, λίσσεσθαι ἐπέεσσιν ἀποσταδὰ μειλιχίοισι, μή οἱ γοῦνα λαβόντι χολώσαιτο φρένα κούρη. αὐτίκα μειλίχιον καὶ κερδαλέον φάτο μῦθον.
Lines 149–185
If thou art a goddess, one of those who hold broad heaven, to Artemis, the daughter of great Zeus, do I liken thee most nearly in comeliness and in stature and in form. But if thou art one of mortals who dwell upon the earth, thrice-blessed then are thy father and thy honored mother, and thrice-blessed thy brethren. Full well, I ween, are their hearts ever warmed with joy because of thee, as they see thee entering the dance, a plant1 so fair. But he again is blessed in heart above all others, who shall prevail with his gifts of wooing and lead thee to his home. For never yet have mine eyes looked upon a mortal such as thou, whether man or woman; amazement holds me as I look on thee. on that journey on which evil woes were to be my portion;—even so, when I saw that, I marvelled long at heart, for never yet did such a tree spring up from the earth. And in like manner, lady, do I marvel at thee, and am amazed, and fear greatly to touch thy knees; but sore grief has come upon me. Yesterday, on the twentieth day, I escaped from the wine-dark sea, but ever until then the wave and the swift winds bore me from the island of Ogygia; and now fate has cast me ashore here, that here too, haply, I may suffer some ill. For not yet, methinks, will my troubles cease, but the gods ere that will bring many to pass. Nay, O queen, have pity; for it is to thee first that I am come after many grievous toils, and of the others who possess this city and land I know not one. Shew me the city, and give me some rag to throw about me, if thou hadst any wrapping for the clothes when thou camest hither. And for thyself, may the gods grant thee all that thy heart desires; a husband and a home may they grant thee, and oneness of heart—a goodly gift. For nothing is greater or better than this, when man and wife dwell in a home in one accord, a great grief to their foes and a joy to their friends; but they know it1 best themselves.” Then white-armed Nausicaa answered him:“Stranger, since thou seemest to be neither an evil man nor a witless, and it is Zeus himself, the Olympian, that gives happy fortune to men, both to the good and the evil, to each man as he will;
γουνοῦμαί σε, ἄνασσα· θεός νύ τις, βροτός ἐσσι; εἰ μέν τις θεός ἐσσι, τοὶ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχουσιν, Ἀρτέμιδί σε ἐγώ γε, Διὸς κούρῃ μεγάλοιο, εἶδός τε μέγεθός τε φυήν τʼ ἄγχιστα ἐίσκω· εἰ δέ τίς ἐσσι βροτῶν, τοὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ ναιετάουσιν, τρὶς μάκαρες μὲν σοί γε πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ, τρὶς μάκαρες δὲ κασίγνητοι· μάλα πού σφισι θυμὸς αἰὲν ἐυφροσύνῃσιν ἰαίνεται εἵνεκα σεῖο, λευσσόντων τοιόνδε θάλος χορὸν εἰσοιχνεῦσαν. κεῖνος δʼ αὖ περὶ κῆρι μακάρτατος ἔξοχον ἄλλων, ὅς κέ σʼ ἐέδνοισι βρίσας οἶκόνδʼ ἀγάγηται. οὐ γάρ πω τοιοῦτον ἴδον βροτὸν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν, οὔτʼ ἄνδρʼ οὔτε γυναῖκα· σέβας μʼ ἔχει εἰσορόωντα. Δήλῳ δή ποτε τοῖον Ἀπόλλωνος παρὰ βωμῷ φοίνικος νέον ἔρνος ἀνερχόμενον ἐνόησα· ἦλθον γὰρ καὶ κεῖσε, πολὺς δέ μοι ἕσπετο λαός, τὴν ὁδὸν δὴ μέλλεν ἐμοὶ κακὰ κήδεʼ ἔσεσθαι. ὣς δʼ αὔτως καὶ κεῖνο ἰδὼν ἐτεθήπεα θυμῷ δήν, ἐπεὶ οὔ πω τοῖον ἀνήλυθεν ἐκ δόρυ γαίης, ὡς σέ, γύναι, ἄγαμαί τε τέθηπά τε, δείδια δʼ αἰνῶς γούνων ἅψασθαι· χαλεπὸν δέ με πένθος ἱκάνει. χθιζὸς ἐεικοστῷ φύγον ἤματι οἴνοπα πόντον· τόφρα δέ μʼ αἰεὶ κῦμʼ ἐφόρει κραιπναί τε θύελλαι νήσου ἀπʼ Ὠγυγίης. νῦν δʼ ἐνθάδε κάββαλε δαίμων, ὄφρʼ ἔτι που καὶ τῇδε πάθω κακόν· οὐ γὰρ ὀίω παύσεσθʼ, ἀλλʼ ἔτι πολλὰ θεοὶ τελέουσι πάροιθεν. ἀλλά, ἄνασσʼ, ἐλέαιρε· σὲ γὰρ κακὰ πολλὰ μογήσας ἐς πρώτην ἱκόμην, τῶν δʼ ἄλλων οὔ τινα οἶδα ἀνθρώπων, οἳ τήνδε πόλιν καὶ γαῖαν ἔχουσιν. ἄστυ δέ μοι δεῖξον, δὸς δὲ ῥάκος ἀμφιβαλέσθαι, εἴ τί που εἴλυμα σπείρων ἔχες ἐνθάδʼ ἰοῦσα. σοὶ δὲ θεοὶ τόσα δοῖεν ὅσα φρεσὶ σῇσι μενοινᾷς, ἄνδρα τε καὶ οἶκον, καὶ ὁμοφροσύνην ὀπάσειαν ἐσθλήν· οὐ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ γε κρεῖσσον καὶ ἄρειον, ὅθʼ ὁμοφρονέοντε νοήμασιν οἶκον ἔχητον ἀνὴρ ἠδὲ γυνή· πόλλʼ ἄλγεα δυσμενέεσσι, χάρματα δʼ εὐμενέτῃσι, μάλιστα δέ τʼ ἔκλυον αὐτοί.
Lines 108–122
cunning workers at the loom, for Athena has given to them above all others skill in fair handiwork, and an understanding heart. But without the courtyard, hard by the door, is a great orchard of four acres,3 and a hedge runs about it on either side. Therein grow trees, tall and luxuriant, pears and pomegranates and apple-trees with their bright fruit, and sweet figs, and luxuriant olives. Of these the fruit perishes not nor fails in winter or in summer, but lasts throughout the year; and ever does the west wind, as it blows, quicken to life some fruits, and ripen others; pear upon pear waxes ripe, apple upon apple, cluster upon cluster, and fig upon fig. There, too, is his fruitful vineyard planted, one part of which, a warm spot on level ground, is being dried in the sun, while other grapes men are gathering,
ὅσσον Φαίηκες περὶ πάντων ἴδριες ἀνδρῶν νῆα θοὴν ἐνὶ πόντῳ ἐλαυνέμεν, ὣς δὲ γυναῖκες ἱστῶν τεχνῆσσαι· πέρι γάρ σφισι δῶκεν Ἀθήνη ἔργα τʼ ἐπίστασθαι περικαλλέα καὶ φρένας ἐσθλάς. ἔκτοσθεν δʼ αὐλῆς μέγας ὄρχατος ἄγχι θυράων τετράγυος· περὶ δʼ ἕρκος ἐλήλαται ἀμφοτέρωθεν. ἔνθα δὲ δένδρεα μακρὰ πεφύκασι τηλεθόωντα, ὄγχναι καὶ ῥοιαὶ καὶ μηλέαι ἀγλαόκαρποι συκέαι τε γλυκεραὶ καὶ ἐλαῖαι τηλεθόωσαι. τάων οὔ ποτε καρπὸς ἀπόλλυται οὐδʼ ἀπολείπει χείματος οὐδὲ θέρευς, ἐπετήσιος· ἀλλὰ μάλʼ αἰεὶ Ζεφυρίη πνείουσα τὰ μὲν φύει, ἄλλα δὲ πέσσει. ὄγχνη ἐπʼ ὄγχνῃ γηράσκει, μῆλον δʼ ἐπὶ μήλῳ, αὐτὰρ ἐπὶ σταφυλῇ σταφυλή, σῦκον δʼ ἐπὶ σύκῳ. ἔνθα δέ οἱ πολύκαρπος ἀλωὴ ἐρρίζωται,
Lines 309–328
to be filled with wrath without a cause. Better is due measure in all things. I would, O father Zeus, and Athena and Apollo, that thou, so goodly a man, and like-minded with me, wouldst have my daughter to wife, and be called my son, and abide here; a house and possessions would I give thee, if thou shouldst choose to remain, but against thy will shall no one of the Phaeacians keep thee; let not that be the will of father Zeus. to thy country and thy house, or to whatsoever place thou wilt, aye though it be even far beyond Euboea, which those of our people who saw it, when they carried fair-haired Rhadamanthus to visit Tityus, the son of Gaea, say is the furthest of lands. Thither they went, and without toil accomplished their journey, and on the selfsame day came back home. So shalt thou, too, know for thyself how far my ships are the best, and my youths at tossing the brine with the oar-blade.” So said he, and the much-enduring goodly Odysseus was glad;
ξεῖνʼ, οὔ μοι τοιοῦτον ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλον κῆρ μαψιδίως κεχολῶσθαι· ἀμείνω δʼ αἴσιμα πάντα. αἲ γάρ, Ζεῦ τε πάτερ καὶ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἄπολλον, τοῖος ἐὼν οἷός ἐσσι, τά τε φρονέων τʼ ἐγώ περ, παῖδά τʼ ἐμὴν ἐχέμεν καὶ ἐμὸς γαμβρὸς καλέεσθαι αὖθι μένων· οἶκον δέ κʼ ἐγὼ καὶ κτήματα δοίην, εἴ κʼ ἐθέλων γε μένοις· ἀέκοντα δέ σʼ οὔ τις ἐρύξει Φαιήκων· μὴ τοῦτο φίλον Διὶ πατρὶ γένοιτο. πομπὴν δʼ ἐς τόδʼ ἐγὼ τεκμαίρομαι, ὄφρʼ ἐὺ εἰδῇς, αὔριον ἔς· τῆμος δὲ σὺ μὲν δεδμημένος ὕπνῳ λέξεαι, οἱ δʼ ἐλόωσι γαλήνην, ὄφρʼ ἂν ἵκηαι πατρίδα σὴν καὶ δῶμα, καὶ εἴ πού τοι φίλον ἐστίν, εἴ περ καὶ μάλα πολλὸν ἑκαστέρω ἔστʼ Εὐβοίης, τήν περ τηλοτάτω φάσʼ ἔμμεναι, οἵ μιν ἴδοντο λαῶν ἡμετέρων, ὅτε τε ξανθὸν Ῥαδάμανθυν ἦγον ἐποψόμενον Τιτυὸν Γαιήιον υἱόν. καὶ μὲν οἱ ἔνθʼ ἦλθον καὶ ἄτερ καμάτοιο τέλεσσαν ἤματι τῷ αὐτῷ καὶ ἀπήνυσαν οἴκαδʼ ὀπίσσω. εἰδήσεις δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ὅσσον ἄρισται νῆες ἐμαὶ καὶ κοῦροι ἀναρρίπτειν ἅλα πηδῷ.
Lines 119–132
These then first made trial in the foot-race. by so far he shot to the front and reached the host, and the others were left behind. Then they made trial of toilsome wrestling, and here in turn Euryalus excelled all the princes. And in leaping Amphialus was best of all, and with the discus again far the best of all was Elatreus, and in boxing Laodamas, the good son of Alcinous. But when the hearts of all had taken pleasure in the contests, Laodamas, the son of Alcinous, spoke among them: “Come, friends, let us ask yon stranger whether he knows and has learned any contests. In build, surely, he is no mean man,
Λαοδάμας θʼ Ἅλιός τε καὶ ἀντίθεος Κλυτόνηος. οἱ δʼ τοι πρῶτον μὲν ἐπειρήσαντο πόδεσσι. τοῖσι δʼ ἀπὸ νύσσης τέτατο δρόμος· οἱ δʼ ἅμα πάντες καρπαλίμως ἐπέτοντο κονίοντες πεδίοιο· τῶν δὲ θέειν ὄχʼ ἄριστος ἔην Κλυτόνηος ἀμύμων· ὅσσον τʼ ἐν νειῷ οὖρον πέλει ἡμιόνοιιν, τόσσον ὑπεκπροθέων λαοὺς ἵκεθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἐλίποντο. οἱ δὲ παλαιμοσύνης ἀλεγεινῆς πειρήσαντο· τῇ δʼ αὖτʼ Εὐρύαλος ἀπεκαίνυτο πάντας ἀρίστους. ἅλματι δʼ Ἀμφίαλος πάντων προφερέστατος ἦεν· δίσκῳ δʼ αὖ πάντων πολὺ φέρτατος ἦεν Ἐλατρεύς, πὺξ δʼ αὖ Λαοδάμας, ἀγαθὸς πάϊς Ἀλκινόοιο. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ πάντες ἐτέρφθησαν φρένʼ ἀέθλοις, τοῖς ἄρα Λαοδάμας μετέφη πάϊς Ἀλκινόοιο·
Lines 153–157
seeing that in time past I have suffered much and toiled much, and now I sit in the midst of your assembly, longing for my return home, and making my prayer to the king and to all the people.” Then again Euryalus made answer and taunted him to his face: “Nay verily, stranger, for I do not liken thee to a man that is skilled
Λαοδάμα, τί με ταῦτα κελεύετε κερτομέοντες; κήδεά μοι καὶ μᾶλλον ἐνὶ φρεσὶν περ ἄεθλοι, ὃς πρὶν μὲν μάλα πολλὰ πάθον καὶ πολλὰ μόγησα, νῦν δὲ μεθʼ ὑμετέρῃ ἀγορῇ νόστοιο χατίζων ἧμαι, λισσόμενος βασιλῆά τε πάντα τε δῆμον.
Lines 166–185
but the god sets a crown1 of beauty upon his words, and men look upon him with delight, and he speaks on unfalteringly with sweet modesty, and is conspicuous among the gathered people, and as he goes through the city men gaze upon him as upon a god. Another again is in comeliness like the immortals, but no crown of grace is set about his words. So, in thy case, thy comeliness is preeminent, nor could a god himself mend it, but in mind thou art stunted. Thou hast stirred the spirit in my breast by speaking thus unmannerly. I am not unskilled in sports as thou pratest, nay, methinks I was among the first so long as I trusted in my youth and in my hands. But now I am bound by suffering and pains; for much have I endured in passing through wars of men and the grievous waves. But even so, though I have suffered much, I will make trial of the contests, for thy word has stung me to the heart, and thou hast provoked me with thy speech.” He spoke, and, leaping up with his cloak about him as it was, seized a discus larger than the rest and thick, no little heavier than those with which the Phaeacians were wont to contend one with another. This with a whirl he sent from his stout hand,
ξεῖνʼ, οὐ καλὸν ἔειπες· ἀτασθάλῳ ἀνδρὶ ἔοικας. οὕτως οὐ πάντεσσι θεοὶ χαρίεντα διδοῦσιν ἀνδράσιν, οὔτε φυὴν οὔτʼ ἂρ φρένας οὔτʼ ἀγορητύν. ἄλλος μὲν γάρ τʼ εἶδος ἀκιδνότερος πέλει ἀνήρ, ἀλλὰ θεὸς μορφὴν ἔπεσι στέφει, οἱ δέ τʼ ἐς αὐτὸν τερπόμενοι λεύσσουσιν· δʼ ἀσφαλέως ἀγορεύει αἰδοῖ μειλιχίῃ, μετὰ δὲ πρέπει ἀγρομένοισιν, ἐρχόμενον δʼ ἀνὰ ἄστυ θεὸν ὣς εἰσορόωσιν. ἄλλος δʼ αὖ εἶδος μὲν ἀλίγκιος ἀθανάτοισιν, ἀλλʼ οὔ οἱ χάρις ἀμφιπεριστέφεται ἐπέεσσιν, ὡς καὶ σοὶ εἶδος μὲν ἀριπρεπές, οὐδέ κεν ἄλλως οὐδὲ θεὸς τεύξειε, νόον δʼ ἀποφώλιός ἐσσι. ὤρινάς μοι θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλοισιν εἰπὼν οὐ κατὰ κόσμον. ἐγὼ δʼ οὐ νῆις ἀέθλων, ὡς σύ γε μυθεῖαι, ἀλλʼ ἐν πρώτοισιν ὀίω ἔμμεναι, ὄφρʼ ἥβῃ τε πεποίθεα χερσί τʼ ἐμῇσι. νῦν δʼ ἔχομαι κακότητι καὶ ἄλγεσι· πολλὰ γὰρ ἔτλην ἀνδρῶν τε πτολέμους ἀλεγεινά τε κύματα πείρων. ἀλλὰ καὶ ὥς, κακὰ πολλὰ παθών, πειρήσομʼ ἀέθλων· θυμοδακὴς γὰρ μῦθος, ἐπώτρυνας δέ με εἰπών.
Lines 236–255
who knew in his heart how to speak fitly; come, now, hearken to my words, that thou mayest tell to another hero, when in thy halls thou art feasting with thy wife and children, and rememberest our skill, what feats Zeus has vouchsafed to us from our fathers' days even until now. For we are not faultless boxers or wrestlers, but in the foot race we run swiftly, and we are the best seamen; and ever to us is the banquet dear, and the lyre, and the dance, and changes of raiment, and warm baths, and the couch. But come now, all ye that are the best dancers of the Phaeacians, make sport, that the stranger may tell his friends on reaching home how far we surpass others in seamanship and in fleetness of foot, and in the dance and in song. And let one go straightway and fetch for Demodocus the clear-toned lyre which lies somewhere in our halls.” So spoke Alcinous the godlike, and the herald rose to fetch the hollow lyre from the palace of the king. Then stood up masters of the lists, nine in all, men chosen from out the people, who in their gatherings were wont to order all things aright.
ξεῖνʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἀχάριστα μεθʼ ἡμῖν ταῦτʼ ἀγορεύεις, ἀλλʼ ἐθέλεις ἀρετὴν σὴν φαινέμεν, τοι ὀπηδεῖ, χωόμενος ὅτι σʼ οὗτος ἀνὴρ ἐν ἀγῶνι παραστὰς νείκεσεν, ὡς ἂν σὴν ἀρετὴν βροτὸς οὔ τις ὄνοιτο, ὅς τις ἐπίσταιτο ᾗσι φρεσὶν ἄρτια βάζειν· ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν ἐμέθεν ξυνίει ἔπος, ὄφρα καὶ ἄλλῳ εἴπῃς ἡρώων, ὅτε κεν σοῖς ἐν μεγάροισι δαινύῃ παρὰ σῇ τʼ ἀλόχῳ καὶ σοῖσι τέκεσσιν, ἡμετέρης ἀρετῆς μεμνημένος, οἷα καὶ ἡμῖν Ζεὺς ἐπὶ ἔργα τίθησι διαμπερὲς ἐξ ἔτι πατρῶν. οὐ γὰρ πυγμάχοι εἰμὲν ἀμύμονες οὐδὲ παλαισταί, ἀλλὰ ποσὶ κραιπνῶς θέομεν καὶ νηυσὶν ἄριστοι, αἰεὶ δʼ ἡμῖν δαίς τε φίλη κίθαρις τε χοροί τε εἵματά τʼ ἐξημοιβὰ λοετρά τε θερμὰ καὶ εὐναί. ἀλλʼ ἄγε, Φαιήκων βητάρμονες ὅσσοι ἄριστοι, παίσατε, ὥς χʼ ξεῖνος ἐνίσπῃ οἷσι φίλοισιν οἴκαδε νοστήσας, ὅσσον περιγιγνόμεθʼ ἄλλων ναυτιλίῃ καὶ ποσσὶ καὶ ὀρχηστυῖ καὶ ἀοιδῇ. Δημοδόκῳ δέ τις αἶψα κιὼν φόρμιγγα λίγειαν οἰσέτω, που κεῖται ἐν ἡμετέροισι δόμοισιν.
Lines 271–285
which might not be broken or loosed, that the lovers1 might bide fast where they were. But when he had fashioned the snare in his wrath against Ares, he went to his chamber where lay his bed, and everywhere round about the bed-posts he spread the bonds, and many too were hung from above, from the roof-beams, fine as spiders' webs, so that no one even of the blessed gods could see them, so exceeding craftily were they fashioned. But when he had spread all his snare about the couch, he made as though he would go to Lemnos, that well-built citadel, which is in his eyes far the dearest of all lands. And no blind watch did Ares of the golden rein keep, when he saw Hephaestus, famed for his handicraft, departing, but he went his way to the house of famous Hephaestus, eager for the love of Cytherea of the fair crown. Now she had but newly come from the presence of her father, the mighty son of Cronos,
Ἥλιος, σφʼ ἐνόησε μιγαζομένους φιλότητι. Ἥφαιστος δʼ ὡς οὖν θυμαλγέα μῦθον ἄκουσε, βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν ἐς χαλκεῶνα κακὰ φρεσὶ βυσσοδομεύων, ἐν δʼ ἔθετʼ ἀκμοθέτῳ μέγαν ἄκμονα, κόπτε δὲ δεσμοὺς ἀρρήκτους ἀλύτους, ὄφρʼ ἔμπεδον αὖθι μένοιεν. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τεῦξε δόλον κεχολωμένος Ἄρει, βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν ἐς θάλαμον, ὅθι οἱ φίλα δέμνιʼ ἔκειτο, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ἑρμῖσιν χέε δέσματα κύκλῳ ἁπάντῃ· πολλὰ δὲ καὶ καθύπερθε μελαθρόφιν ἐξεκέχυντο, ἠύτʼ ἀράχνια λεπτά, τά γʼ οὔ κέ τις οὐδὲ ἴδοιτο, οὐδὲ θεῶν μακάρων· πέρι γὰρ δολόεντα τέτυκτο. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ πάντα δόλον περὶ δέμνια χεῦεν, εἴσατʼ ἴμεν ἐς Λῆμνον, ἐυκτίμενον πτολίεθρον, οἱ γαιάων πολὺ φιλτάτη ἐστὶν ἁπασέων. οὐδʼ ἀλαοσκοπιὴν εἶχε χρυσήνιος Ἄρης,
Lines 361–375
immortal oil, such as gleams1 upon the gods that are forever. And they clothed her in lovely raiment, a wonder to behold. This song the famous minstrel sang; and Odysseus was glad at heart as he listened, and so too were the Phaeacians of the long oars, men famed for their ships. Then Alcinous bade Halius and Laodamas dance alone, for no one could vie with them. And when they had taken in their hands the beautiful ball of purple, which wise Polybus had made for them, the one would lean backward and toss it toward the shadowy clouds, and the other would leap up from the earth and skilfully catch it before his feet touched the ground again. But when they had tried their skill in throwing the ball straight up, the two fell to dancing on the bounteous earth, ever tossing the ball to and fro, and the other youths
αὐτίκʼ ἀναΐξαντε μὲν Θρῄκηνδε βεβήκει, δʼ ἄρα Κύπρον ἵκανε φιλομμειδὴς Ἀφροδίτη, ἐς Πάφον· ἔνθα δέ οἱ τέμενος βωμός τε θυήεις. ἔνθα δέ μιν Χάριτες λοῦσαν καὶ χρῖσαν ἐλαίῳ ἀμβρότῳ, οἷα θεοὺς ἐπενήνοθεν αἰὲν ἐόντας, ἀμφὶ δὲ εἵματα ἕσσαν ἐπήρατα, θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι. ταῦτʼ ἄρʼ ἀοιδὸς ἄειδε περικλυτός· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς τέρπετʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἀκούων ἠδὲ καὶ ἄλλοι Φαίηκες δολιχήρετμοι, ναυσίκλυτοι ἄνδρες. Ἀλκίνοος δʼ Ἅλιον καὶ Λαοδάμαντα κέλευσεν μουνὰξ ὀρχήσασθαι, ἐπεί σφισιν οὔ τις ἔριζεν. οἱ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν σφαῖραν καλὴν μετὰ χερσὶν ἕλοντο, πορφυρέην, τήν σφιν Πόλυβος ποίησε δαΐφρων, τὴν ἕτερος ῥίπτασκε ποτὶ νέφεα σκιόεντα ἰδνωθεὶς ὀπίσω, δʼ ἀπὸ χθονὸς ὑψόσʼ ἀερθεὶς
Lines 446–460
go to the bath and bathe; and his heart was glad when he saw the warm bath, for he had not been wont to have such tendance from the time that he left the house of faired-haired Calypso, but until then he had tendance continually as a god. Now when the handmaids had bathed him and anointed him with oil, and had cast about him a fair cloak and a tunic, he came forth from the bath, and went to join the men at their wine. And Nausicaa, gifted with beauty by the gods, stood by the door-post of the well-built hall, and she marvelled at Odysseus, as her eyes beheld him, and she spoke, and addressed him with winged words: “Farewell, stranger, and hereafter even in thy own native land mayest thou remember me, for to me first thou owest the price of thy life.” Then Odysseus of many wiles answered her:“Nausicaa, daughter of great-hearted Alcinous,
αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τό γʼ ἄκουσε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς, αὐτίκʼ ἐπήρτυε πῶμα, θοῶς δʼ ἐπὶ δεσμὸν ἴηλεν ποικίλον, ὅν ποτέ μιν δέδαε φρεσὶ πότνια Κίρκη· αὐτόδιον δʼ ἄρα μιν ταμίη λούσασθαι ἀνώγει ἔς ῥʼ ἀσάμινθον βάνθʼ· δʼ ἄρ ἀσπασίως ἴδε θυμῷ θερμὰ λοέτρʼ, ἐπεὶ οὔ τι κομιζόμενός γε θάμιζεν, ἐπεὶ δὴ λίπε δῶμα Καλυψοῦς ἠυκόμοιο. τόφρα δέ οἱ κομιδή γε θεῷ ὣς ἔμπεδος ἦεν. τὸν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν δμῳαὶ λοῦσαν καὶ χρῖσαν ἐλαίῳ, ἀμφὶ δέ μιν χλαῖναν καλὴν βάλον ἠδὲ χιτῶνα, ἔκ ῥʼ ἀσαμίνθου βὰς ἄνδρας μέτα οἰνοποτῆρας ἤιε· Ναυσικάα δὲ θεῶν ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσα στῆ ῥα παρὰ σταθμὸν τέγεος πύκα ποιητοῖο, θαύμαζεν δʼ Ὀδυσῆα ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρῶσα, καί μιν φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·
Lines 348–362
thou mightest send me on my way home; but thou ragest in a way that is past all bearing. Cruel man, how shall any one of all the multitudes of men ever come to thee again hereafter, seeing that thou hast wrought lawlessness?’ “So I spoke, and he took the cup and drained it, and was wondrously pleased as he drank the sweet draught, and asked me for it again a second time: “‘Give it me again with a ready heart, and tell me thy name straightway, that I may give thee a stranger's gift whereat thou mayest be glad. For among the Cyclopes the earth, the giver of grain, bears the rich clusters of wine, and the rain of Zeus gives them increase; but this is a streamlet of ambrosia and nectar.’ “So he spoke, and again I handed him the flaming wine. Thrice I brought and gave it him, and thrice he drained it in his folly. But when the wine had stolen about the wits of the Cyclops, then I spoke to him with gentle words: “‘Cyclops, thou askest me of my glorious name, and I
ὄφρʼ εἰδῇς οἷόν τι ποτὸν τόδε νηῦς ἐκεκεύθει ἡμετέρη. σοὶ δʼ αὖ λοιβὴν φέρον, εἴ μʼ ἐλεήσας οἴκαδε πέμψειας· σὺ δὲ μαίνεαι οὐκέτʼ ἀνεκτῶς. σχέτλιε, πῶς κέν τίς σε καὶ ὕστερον ἄλλος ἵκοιτο ἀνθρώπων πολέων, ἐπεὶ οὐ κατὰ μοῖραν ἔρεξας; ὣς ἐφάμην, δʼ ἔδεκτο καὶ ἔκπιεν· ἥσατο δʼ αἰνῶς ἡδὺ ποτὸν πίνων καὶ μʼ ᾔτεε δεύτερον αὖτις· δός μοι ἔτι πρόφρων, καί μοι τεὸν οὔνομα εἰπὲ αὐτίκα νῦν, ἵνα τοι δῶ ξείνιον, κε σὺ χαίρῃς· καὶ γὰρ Κυκλώπεσσι φέρει ζείδωρος ἄρουρα οἶνον ἐριστάφυλον, καί σφιν Διὸς ὄμβρος ἀέξει· ἀλλὰ τόδʼ ἀμβροσίης καὶ νέκταρός ἐστιν ἀπορρώξ. ὣς φάτʼ, ἀτάρ οἱ αὖτις ἐγὼ πόρον αἴθοπα οἶνον. τρὶς μὲν ἔδωκα φέρων, τρὶς δʼ ἔκπιεν ἀφραδίῃσιν. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Κύκλωπα περὶ φρένας ἤλυθεν οἶνος,
Lines 408–422
‘If, then, no man does violence to thee in thy loneliness, sickness which comes from great Zeus thou mayest in no wise escape. Nay, do thou pray to our father, the lord Poseidon.’ “So they spoke and went their way; and my heart laughed within me that my name and cunning device had so beguiled. But the Cyclops, groaning and travailing in anguish, groped with his hands and took away the stone from the door, and himself sat in the doorway with arms outstretched in the hope of catching anyone who sought to go forth with the sheep—so witless, forsooth, he thought in his heart to find me. But I took counsel how all might be the very best, if I might haply find some way of escape from death for my comrades and for myself. And I wove all manner of wiles and counsel, as a man will in a matter of life and death; for great was the evil that was nigh us. And this seemed to my mind the best plan.
φίλοι, Οὖτίς με κτείνει δόλῳ οὐδὲ βίηφιν. οἱ δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενοι ἔπεα πτερόεντʼ ἀγόρευον· εἰ μὲν δὴ μή τίς σε βιάζεται οἶον ἐόντα, νοῦσον γʼ οὔ πως ἔστι Διὸς μεγάλου ἀλέασθαι, ἀλλὰ σύ γʼ εὔχεο πατρὶ Ποσειδάωνι ἄνακτι. ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφαν ἀπιόντες, ἐμὸν δʼ ἐγέλασσε φίλον κῆρ, ὡς ὄνομʼ ἐξαπάτησεν ἐμὸν καὶ μῆτις ἀμύμων. Κύκλωψ δὲ στενάχων τε καὶ ὠδίνων ὀδύνῃσι χερσὶ ψηλαφόων ἀπὸ μὲν λίθον εἷλε θυράων, αὐτὸς δʼ εἰνὶ θύρῃσι καθέζετο χεῖρε πετάσσας, εἴ τινά που μετʼ ὄεσσι λάβοι στείχοντα θύραζε· οὕτω γάρ πού μʼ ἤλπετʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ νήπιον εἶναι. αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ βούλευον, ὅπως ὄχʼ ἄριστα γένοιτο, εἴ τινʼ ἑταίροισιν θανάτου λύσιν ἠδʼ ἐμοὶ αὐτῷ εὑροίμην· πάντας δὲ δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον
Lines 438–452
for their udders were bursting. And their master, distressed with grievous pains, felt along the backs of all the sheep as they stood up before him, but in his folly he marked not this, that my men were bound beneath the breasts of his fleecy sheep. Last of all the flock the ram went forth, burdened with the weight of his fleece and my cunning self. And mighty Polyphemus, as he felt along his back, spoke to him, saying: “‘Good ram, why pray is it that thou goest forth thus through the cave the last of the flock? Thou hast not heretofore been wont to lag behind the sheep, but wast ever far the first to feed on the tender bloom of the grass, moving with long strides, and ever the first didst reach the streams of the river, and the first didst long to return to the fold at evening. But now thou art last of all. Surely thou art sorrowing for the eye of thy master, which an evil man blinded along with his miserable fellows, when he had overpowered my wits with wine,
καὶ τότʼ ἔπειτα νομόνδʼ ἐξέσσυτο ἄρσενα μῆλα, θήλειαι δὲ μέμηκον ἀνήμελκτοι περὶ σηκούς· οὔθατα γὰρ σφαραγεῦντο. ἄναξ δʼ ὀδύνῃσι κακῇσι τειρόμενος πάντων ὀίων ἐπεμαίετο νῶτα ὀρθῶν ἑσταότων· τὸ δὲ νήπιος οὐκ ἐνόησεν, ὥς οἱ ὑπʼ εἰροπόκων ὀίων στέρνοισι δέδεντο. ὕστατος ἀρνειὸς μήλων ἔστειχε θύραζε λάχνῳ στεινόμενος καὶ ἐμοὶ πυκινὰ φρονέοντι. τὸν δʼ ἐπιμασσάμενος προσέφη κρατερὸς Πολύφημος· κριὲ πέπον, τί μοι ὧδε διὰ σπέος ἔσσυο μήλων ὕστατος; οὔ τι πάρος γε λελειμμένος ἔρχεαι οἰῶν, ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρῶτος νέμεαι τέρενʼ ἄνθεα ποίης μακρὰ βιβάς, πρῶτος δὲ ῥοὰς ποταμῶν ἀφικάνεις, πρῶτος δὲ σταθμόνδε λιλαίεαι ἀπονέεσθαι ἑσπέριος· νῦν αὖτε πανύστατος. σύ γʼ ἄνακτος
Lines 447–460
moving with long strides, and ever the first didst reach the streams of the river, and the first didst long to return to the fold at evening. But now thou art last of all. Surely thou art sorrowing for the eye of thy master, which an evil man blinded along with his miserable fellows, when he had overpowered my wits with wine, even Noman, who, I tell thee, has not yet escaped destruction. If only thou couldst feel as I do, and couldst get thee power of speech to tell me where he skulks away from my wrath, then should his brains be dashed on the ground here and there throughout the cave, when I had smitten him, and my heart should be lightened of the woes which good-for-naught Noman has brought me.’
κριὲ πέπον, τί μοι ὧδε διὰ σπέος ἔσσυο μήλων ὕστατος; οὔ τι πάρος γε λελειμμένος ἔρχεαι οἰῶν, ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρῶτος νέμεαι τέρενʼ ἄνθεα ποίης μακρὰ βιβάς, πρῶτος δὲ ῥοὰς ποταμῶν ἀφικάνεις, πρῶτος δὲ σταθμόνδε λιλαίεαι ἀπονέεσθαι ἑσπέριος· νῦν αὖτε πανύστατος. σύ γʼ ἄνακτος ὀφθαλμὸν ποθέεις, τὸν ἀνὴρ κακὸς ἐξαλάωσε σὺν λυγροῖς ἑτάροισι δαμασσάμενος φρένας οἴνῳ, Οὖτις, ὃν οὔ πώ φημι πεφυγμένον εἶναι ὄλεθρον. εἰ δὴ ὁμοφρονέοις ποτιφωνήεις τε γένοιο εἰπεῖν ὅππῃ κεῖνος ἐμὸν μένος ἠλασκάζει· τῷ κέ οἱ ἐγκέφαλός γε διὰ σπέος ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ θεινομένου ῥαίοιτο πρὸς οὔδεϊ, κὰδ δέ κʼ ἐμὸν κῆρ λωφήσειε κακῶν, τά μοι οὐτιδανὸς πόρεν Οὖτις.
Lines 151–165
and give my comrades their meal, and send them forth to make search. But when, as I went, I was near to the curved ship, then some god took pity on me in my loneliness, and sent a great, high-horned stag into my very path. He was coming down to the river from his pasture in the wood to drink, for the might of the sun oppressed him; and as he came out I struck him on the spine in the middle of the back, and the bronze spear passed right through him, and down he fell in the dust with a moan, and his spirit flew from him. Then I planted my foot upon him, and drew the bronze spear forth from the wound, and left it there to lie on the ground. But for myself, I plucked twigs and osiers, and weaving a rope as it were a fathom in length, well twisted from end to end, I bound together the feet of the monstrous beast, and went my way to the black ship, bearing him across my back and
μερμήριξα δʼ ἔπειτα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν ἐλθεῖν ἠδὲ πυθέσθαι, ἐπεὶ ἴδον αἴθοπα καπνόν. ὧδε δέ μοι φρονέοντι δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι, πρῶτʼ ἐλθόντʼ ἐπὶ νῆα θοὴν καὶ θῖνα θαλάσσης δεῖπνον ἑταίροισιν δόμεναι προέμεν τε πυθέσθαι. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦα κιὼν νεὸς ἀμφιελίσσης, καὶ τότε τίς με θεῶν ὀλοφύρατο μοῦνον ἐόντα, ὅς ῥά μοι ὑψίκερων ἔλαφον μέγαν εἰς ὁδὸν αὐτὴν ἧκεν. μὲν ποταμόνδε κατήιεν ἐκ νομοῦ ὕλης πιόμενος· δὴ γάρ μιν ἔχεν μένος ἠελίοιο. τὸν δʼ ἐγὼ ἐκβαίνοντα κατʼ ἄκνηστιν μέσα νῶτα πλῆξα· τὸ δʼ ἀντικρὺ δόρυ χάλκεον ἐξεπέρησε, κὰδ δʼ ἔπεσʼ ἐν κονίῃσι μακών, ἀπὸ δʼ ἔπτατο θυμός. τῷ δʼ ἐγὼ ἐμβαίνων δόρυ χάλκεον ἐξ ὠτειλῆς εἰρυσάμην· τὸ μὲν αὖθι κατακλίνας ἐπὶ γαίῃ
Lines 436–450
and therewith strike off his head, and bring it to the ground, near kinsman of mine by marriage though he was; but my comrades one after another sought to check me with gentle words: “‘O thou sprung from Zeus, as for this man, we will leave him, if thou so biddest, to abide here by the ship, and to guard the ship, but as for us, do thou lead us to the sacred house of Circe.’ “So saying, they went up from the ship and the sea. Nor was Eurylochus left beside the hollow ship, but he went with us, for he feared my dread reproof. “Meanwhile in her halls Circe bathed the rest of my comrades with kindly care, and anointed them richly with oil, and cast about them fleecy cloaks and tunics; and we found them all feasting bountifully in the halls. But when they saw and recognized one another, face to face, they wept and wailed, and the house rang around.
ἡμέτεροι ἕταροι, σὺν δʼ θρασὺς εἵπετʼ Ὀδυσσεύς· τούτου γὰρ καὶ κεῖνοι ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ὄλοντο. ὣς ἔφατʼ, αὐτὰρ ἐγώ γε μετὰ φρεσὶ μερμήριξα, σπασσάμενος τανύηκες ἄορ παχέος παρὰ μηροῦ, τῷ οἱ ἀποπλήξας κεφαλὴν οὖδάσδε πελάσσαι, καὶ πηῷ περ ἐόντι μάλα σχεδόν· ἀλλά μʼ ἑταῖροι μειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσιν ἐρήτυον ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος· διογενές, τοῦτον μὲν ἐάσομεν, εἰ σὺ κελεύεις, αὐτοῦ πὰρ νηί τε μένειν καὶ νῆα ἔρυσθαι· ἡμῖν δʼ ἡγεμόνευʼ ἱερὰ πρὸς δώματα Κίρκης. ὣς φάμενοι παρὰ νηὸς ἀνήιον ἠδὲ θαλάσσης. οὐδὲ μὲν Εὐρύλοχος κοίλῃ παρὰ νηὶ λέλειπτο, ἀλλʼ ἕπετʼ· ἔδεισεν γὰρ ἐμὴν ἔκπαγλον ἐνιπήν. τόφρα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους ἑτάρους ἐν δώμασι Κίρκη ἐνδυκέως λοῦσέν τε καὶ ἔχρισεν λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ,
Lines 481–495
and the spirit of my comrades, who make my heart to pine, as they sit about me mourning, whensoever thou haply art not at hand.’ “So I spoke, and the beautiful goddess straightway made answer: ‘Son of Laertes, sprung from Zeus, Odysseus of many devices, abide ye now no longer in my house against your will; but you must first complete another journey, and come to the house of Hades and dread Persephone, to seek soothsaying of the spirit of Theban Teiresias, the blind seer, whose mind abides steadfast. To him even in death Persephone has granted reason, that he alone should have understanding; but the others flit about as shadows.’ “So she spoke, and my spirit was broken within me, and I wept as I sat on the bed, nor had my heart any longer desire to live and behold the light of the sun. But when I had my fill of weeping and writhing,
γούνων ἐλλιτάνευσα, θεὰ δέ μευ ἔκλυεν αὐδῆς· καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδων· Κίρκη, τέλεσόν μοι ὑπόσχεσιν ἥν περ ὑπέστης, οἴκαδε πεμψέμεναι· θυμὸς δέ μοι ἔσσυται ἤδη, ἠδʼ ἄλλων ἑτάρων, οἵ μευ φθινύθουσι φίλον κῆρ ἀμφʼ ἔμʼ ὀδυρόμενοι, ὅτε που σύ γε νόσφι γένηαι. ὣς ἐφάμην, δʼ αὐτίκʼ ἀμείβετο δῖα θεάων· διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ, μηκέτι νῦν ἀέκοντες ἐμῷ ἐνὶ μίμνετε οἴκῳ. ἀλλʼ ἄλλην χρὴ πρῶτον ὁδὸν τελέσαι καὶ ἱκέσθαι εἰς Ἀίδαο δόμους καὶ ἐπαινῆς Περσεφονείης, ψυχῇ χρησομένους Θηβαίου Τειρεσίαο, μάντηος ἀλαοῦ, τοῦ τε φρένες ἔμπεδοί εἰσι· τῷ καὶ τεθνηῶτι νόον πόρε Περσεφόνεια, οἴῳ πεπνῦσθαι, τοὶ δὲ σκιαὶ ἀίσσουσιν.
Circe to Odysseus · divine
Lines 488–495
but you must first complete another journey, and come to the house of Hades and dread Persephone, to seek soothsaying of the spirit of Theban Teiresias, the blind seer, whose mind abides steadfast. To him even in death Persephone has granted reason, that he alone should have understanding; but the others flit about as shadows.’ “So she spoke, and my spirit was broken within me, and I wept as I sat on the bed, nor had my heart any longer desire to live and behold the light of the sun. But when I had my fill of weeping and writhing,
διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ, μηκέτι νῦν ἀέκοντες ἐμῷ ἐνὶ μίμνετε οἴκῳ. ἀλλʼ ἄλλην χρὴ πρῶτον ὁδὸν τελέσαι καὶ ἱκέσθαι εἰς Ἀίδαο δόμους καὶ ἐπαινῆς Περσεφονείης, ψυχῇ χρησομένους Θηβαίου Τειρεσίαο, μάντηος ἀλαοῦ, τοῦ τε φρένες ἔμπεδοί εἰσι· τῷ καὶ τεθνηῶτι νόον πόρε Περσεφόνεια, οἴῳ πεπνῦσθαι, τοὶ δὲ σκιαὶ ἀίσσουσιν.
Lines 541–555
a fair girdle of gold, and upon her head she put a veil. “So I spoke, and their proud hearts consented. But not even from thence could I lead my men unscathed. There was one, Elpenor, the youngest of all, not over valiant in war nor sound of understanding, who had laid him down apart from his comrades in the sacred house of Circe, seeking the cool air, for he was heavy with wine. He heard the noise and the bustle of his comrades as they moved about, and suddenly sprang up, and forgot to go to the long ladder that he might come down again, but fell headlong from the roof, and his neck
ὣς ἔφατʼ, αὐτίκα δὲ χρυσόθρονος ἤλυθεν Ἠώς. ἀμφὶ δέ με χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε εἵματα ἕσσεν· αὐτὴ δʼ ἀργύφεον φᾶρος μέγα ἕννυτο νύμφη, λεπτὸν καὶ χαρίεν, περὶ δὲ ζώνην βάλετʼ ἰξυῖ καλὴν χρυσείην, κεφαλῇ δʼ ἐπέθηκε καλύπτρην. αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ διὰ δώματʼ ἰὼν ὤτρυνον ἑταίρους μειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσι παρασταδὸν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον· μηκέτι νῦν εὕδοντες ἀωτεῖτε γλυκὺν ὕπνον, ἀλλʼ ἴομεν· δὴ γάρ μοι ἐπέφραδε πότνια Κίρκη. ὣς ἐφάμην, τοῖσιν δʼ ἐπεπείθετο θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ. οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδʼ ἔνθεν περ ἀπήμονας ἦγον ἑταίρους. Ἐλπήνωρ δέ τις ἔσκε νεώτατος, οὔτε τι λίην ἄλκιμος ἐν πολέμῳ οὔτε φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἀρηρώς· ὅς μοι ἄνευθʼ ἑτάρων ἱεροῖς ἐν δώμασι Κίρκης, ψύχεος ἱμείρων, κατελέξατο οἰνοβαρείων.
Lines 556–570
was broken away from the spine, and his spirit went down to the house of Hades. “But as my men were going on their way I spoke among them, saying: ‘Ye think, forsooth, that ye are going to your dear native land; but Circe has pointed out for us another journey, even to the house of Hades and dread Persephone, to consult the spirit of Theban Teiresias.’ “So I spoke, and their spirit was broken within them, and sitting down right where they were, they wept and tore their hair. But no good came of their lamenting. “But when we were on our way to the swift ship and the shore of the sea, sorrowing and shedding big tears, meanwhile Circe had gone forth and made fast beside the black ship a ram and a black ewe, for easily had she passed us by. Who with his eyes could behold a god against his will, whether going to or fro?
κινυμένων δʼ ἑτάρων ὅμαδον καὶ δοῦπον ἀκούσας ἐξαπίνης ἀνόρουσε καὶ ἐκλάθετο φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἄψορρον καταβῆναι ἰὼν ἐς κλίμακα μακρήν, ἀλλὰ καταντικρὺ τέγεος πέσεν· ἐκ δέ οἱ αὐχὴν ἀστραγάλων ἐάγη, ψυχὴ δʼ Ἄϊδόσδε κατῆλθεν. ἐρχομένοισι δὲ τοῖσιν ἐγὼ μετὰ μῦθον ἔειπον· φάσθε νύ που οἶκόνδε φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν ἔρχεσθʼ· ἄλλην δʼ ἧμιν ὁδὸν τεκμήρατο Κίρκη, εἰς Ἀίδαο δόμους καὶ ἐπαινῆς Περσεφονείης ψυχῇ χρησομένους Θηβαίου Τειρεσίαο. ὣς ἐφάμην, τοῖσιν δὲ κατεκλάσθη φίλον ἦτορ, ἑζόμενοι δὲ κατʼ αὖθι γόων τίλλοντό τε χαίτας· ἀλλʼ οὐ γάρ τις πρῆξις ἐγίγνετο μυρομένοισιν. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐπὶ νῆα θοὴν καὶ θῖνα θαλάσσης ᾔομεν ἀχνύμενοι θαλερὸν κατὰ δάκρυ χέοντες,
Lines 136–150
But come, tell me this, and declare it truly. I see here the spirit of my dead mother; she sits in silence near the blood, and deigns not to look upon the face of her own son or to speak to him. Tell me, prince, how she may recognize that I am he?’ “So I spoke, and he straightway made answer, and said: ‘Easy is the word that I shall say and put in thy mind. Whomsoever of those that are dead and gone thou shalt suffer to draw near the blood, he will tell thee sooth; but whomsoever thou refusest, he surely will go back again.’ “So saying the spirit of the prince, Teiresias, went back into the house of Hades, when he had declared his prophecies; but I remained there steadfastly until my mother came up and drank the dark blood. At once then she knew me, and with wailing she spoke to me winged words:
γήραι ὕπο λιπαρῷ ἀρημένον· ἀμφὶ δὲ λαοὶ ὄλβιοι ἔσσονται. τὰ δέ τοι νημερτέα εἴρω. ὣς ἔφατʼ, αὐτὰρ ἐγώ μιν ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπον· Τειρεσίη, τὰ μὲν ἄρ που ἐπέκλωσαν θεοὶ αὐτοί. ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον· μητρὸς τήνδʼ ὁρόω ψυχὴν κατατεθνηυίης· δʼ ἀκέουσʼ ἧσται σχεδὸν αἵματος, οὐδʼ ἑὸν υἱὸν ἔτλη ἐσάντα ἰδεῖν οὐδὲ προτιμυθήσασθαι. εἰπέ, ἄναξ, πῶς κέν με ἀναγνοίη τὸν ἐόντα; ὣς ἐφάμην, δέ μʼ αὐτίκʼ ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπεν· ῥηΐδιόν τοι ἔπος ἐρέω καὶ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θήσω. ὅν τινα μέν κεν ἐᾷς νεκύων κατατεθνηώτων αἵματος ἆσσον ἴμεν, δέ τοι νημερτὲς ἐνίψει· δέ κʼ ἐπιφθονέῃς, δέ τοι πάλιν εἶσιν ὀπίσσω. ὣς φαμένη ψυχὴ μὲν ἔβη δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω
Lines 146–149
ῥηΐδιόν τοι ἔπος ἐρέω καὶ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θήσω. ὅν τινα μέν κεν ἐᾷς νεκύων κατατεθνηώτων αἵματος ἆσσον ἴμεν, δέ τοι νημερτὲς ἐνίψει· δέ κʼ ἐπιφθονέῃς, δέ τοι πάλιν εἶσιν ὀπίσσω.
Lines 181–195
but Telemachus holds thy demesne unharassed, and feasts a equal banquets, such as it is fitting that one who deals judgment should share, for all men invite him. But thy father abides there in the tilled land, and comes not to the city, nor has he, for bedding, bed and cloaks and bright coverlets, but through the winter he sleeps in the house, where the slaves sleep, in the ashes by the fire, and wears upon his body mean raiment. But when summer comes and rich autumn, then all about the slope of his vineyard plot are strewn his lowly beds of fallen leaves. There he lies sorrowing, and nurses his great grief in his heart, in longing for thy return, and heavy old age has come upon him. Even so did I too perish and meet my fate. Neither did the keen-sighted archer goddess assail me in my halls with her gentle shafts, and slay me,
καὶ λίην κείνη γε μένει τετληότι θυμῷ σοῖσιν ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν· ὀιζυραὶ δέ οἱ αἰεὶ φθίνουσιν νύκτες τε καὶ ἤματα δάκρυ χεούσῃ. σὸν δʼ οὔ πώ τις ἔχει καλὸν γέρας, ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος Τηλέμαχος τεμένεα νέμεται καὶ δαῖτας ἐίσας δαίνυται, ἃς ἐπέοικε δικασπόλον ἄνδρʼ ἀλεγύνειν· πάντες γὰρ καλέουσι. πατὴρ δὲ σὸς αὐτόθι μίμνει ἀγρῷ, οὐδὲ πόλινδε κατέρχεται. οὐδέ οἱ εὐναὶ δέμνια καὶ χλαῖναι καὶ ῥήγεα σιγαλόεντα, ἀλλʼ γε χεῖμα μὲν εὕδει ὅθι δμῶες ἐνὶ οἴκῳ, ἐν κόνι ἄγχι πυρός, κακὰ δὲ χροῒ εἵματα εἷται· αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν ἔλθῃσι θέρος τεθαλυῖά τʼ ὀπώρη, πάντῃ οἱ κατὰ γουνὸν ἀλωῆς οἰνοπέδοιο φύλλων κεκλιμένων χθαμαλαὶ βεβλήαται εὐναί. ἔνθʼ γε κεῖτʼ ἀχέων, μέγα δὲ φρεσὶ πένθος ἀέξει
Lines 181–203
but Telemachus holds thy demesne unharassed, and feasts a equal banquets, such as it is fitting that one who deals judgment should share, for all men invite him. But thy father abides there in the tilled land, and comes not to the city, nor has he, for bedding, bed and cloaks and bright coverlets, but through the winter he sleeps in the house, where the slaves sleep, in the ashes by the fire, and wears upon his body mean raiment. But when summer comes and rich autumn, then all about the slope of his vineyard plot are strewn his lowly beds of fallen leaves. There he lies sorrowing, and nurses his great grief in his heart, in longing for thy return, and heavy old age has come upon him. Even so did I too perish and meet my fate. Neither did the keen-sighted archer goddess assail me in my halls with her gentle shafts, and slay me, nor did any disease come upon me, such as oftenest through grievous wasting takes the spirit from the limbs; nay, it was longing for thee, and for thy counsels, glorious Odysseus, and for thy tender-heartedness, that robbed me of honey-sweet life.’ “So she spoke, and I pondered in heart, and was fain
καὶ λίην κείνη γε μένει τετληότι θυμῷ σοῖσιν ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν· ὀιζυραὶ δέ οἱ αἰεὶ φθίνουσιν νύκτες τε καὶ ἤματα δάκρυ χεούσῃ. σὸν δʼ οὔ πώ τις ἔχει καλὸν γέρας, ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος Τηλέμαχος τεμένεα νέμεται καὶ δαῖτας ἐίσας δαίνυται, ἃς ἐπέοικε δικασπόλον ἄνδρʼ ἀλεγύνειν· πάντες γὰρ καλέουσι. πατὴρ δὲ σὸς αὐτόθι μίμνει ἀγρῷ, οὐδὲ πόλινδε κατέρχεται. οὐδέ οἱ εὐναὶ δέμνια καὶ χλαῖναι καὶ ῥήγεα σιγαλόεντα, ἀλλʼ γε χεῖμα μὲν εὕδει ὅθι δμῶες ἐνὶ οἴκῳ, ἐν κόνι ἄγχι πυρός, κακὰ δὲ χροῒ εἵματα εἷται· αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν ἔλθῃσι θέρος τεθαλυῖά τʼ ὀπώρη, πάντῃ οἱ κατὰ γουνὸν ἀλωῆς οἰνοπέδοιο φύλλων κεκλιμένων χθαμαλαὶ βεβλήαται εὐναί. ἔνθʼ γε κεῖτʼ ἀχέων, μέγα δὲ φρεσὶ πένθος ἀέξει σὸν νόστον ποθέων, χαλεπὸν δʼ ἐπὶ γῆρας ἱκάνει. οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ἐγὼν ὀλόμην καὶ πότμον ἐπέσπον· οὔτʼ ἐμέ γʼ ἐν μεγάροισιν ἐύσκοπος ἰοχέαιρα οἷς ἀγανοῖς βελέεσσιν ἐποιχομένη κατέπεφνεν, οὔτε τις οὖν μοι νοῦσος ἐπήλυθεν, τε μάλιστα τηκεδόνι στυγερῇ μελέων ἐξείλετο θυμόν· ἀλλά με σός τε πόθος σά τε μήδεα, φαίδιμʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ, σή τʼ ἀγανοφροσύνη μελιηδέα θυμὸν ἀπηύρα.
Lines 196–210
nor did any disease come upon me, such as oftenest through grievous wasting takes the spirit from the limbs; nay, it was longing for thee, and for thy counsels, glorious Odysseus, and for thy tender-heartedness, that robbed me of honey-sweet life.’ “So she spoke, and I pondered in heart, and was fain to clasp the spirit of my dead mother. Thrice I sprang towards her, and my heart bade me clasp her, and thrice she flitted from my arms like a shadow or a dream, and pain grew ever sharper at my heart. And I spoke and addressed her with winged words: “‘My mother, why dost thou not stay for me, who am eager to clasp thee, that even in the house of Hades we two may cast our arms each about the other, and take our fill of chill lamenting. Is this but a phantom that august Persephone has sent me, that I may lament and groan the more?’
σὸν νόστον ποθέων, χαλεπὸν δʼ ἐπὶ γῆρας ἱκάνει. οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ἐγὼν ὀλόμην καὶ πότμον ἐπέσπον· οὔτʼ ἐμέ γʼ ἐν μεγάροισιν ἐύσκοπος ἰοχέαιρα οἷς ἀγανοῖς βελέεσσιν ἐποιχομένη κατέπεφνεν, οὔτε τις οὖν μοι νοῦσος ἐπήλυθεν, τε μάλιστα τηκεδόνι στυγερῇ μελέων ἐξείλετο θυμόν· ἀλλά με σός τε πόθος σά τε μήδεα, φαίδιμʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ, σή τʼ ἀγανοφροσύνη μελιηδέα θυμὸν ἀπηύρα. ὣς ἔφατʼ, αὐτὰρ ἐγώ γʼ ἔθελον φρεσὶ μερμηρίξας μητρὸς ἐμῆς ψυχὴν ἑλέειν κατατεθνηυίης. τρὶς μὲν ἐφωρμήθην, ἑλέειν τέ με θυμὸς ἀνώγει, τρὶς δέ μοι ἐκ χειρῶν σκιῇ εἴκελον καὶ ὀνείρῳ ἔπτατʼ. ἐμοὶ δʼ ἄχος ὀξὺ γενέσκετο κηρόθι μᾶλλον, καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδων· μῆτερ ἐμή, τί νύ μʼ οὐ μίμνεις ἑλέειν μεμαῶτα,
Lines 336–341
stint your gifts to one in such need; for many are the treasures which lie stored in your halls by the favour of the gods.” Then among them spoke also the old lord Echeneus, who was an elder among the Phaeacians:“Friends, verily not wide of the mark or of our own thought
Φαίηκες, πῶς ὔμμιν ἀνὴρ ὅδε φαίνεται εἶναι εἶδός τε μέγεθός τε ἰδὲ φρένας ἔνδον ἐίσας; ξεῖνος δʼ αὖτʼ ἐμός ἐστιν, ἕκαστος δʼ ἔμμορε τιμῆς· τῷ μὴ ἐπειγόμενοι ἀποπέμπετε, μηδὲ τὰ δῶρα οὕτω χρηίζοντι κολούετε· πολλὰ γὰρ ὑμῖν κτήματʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροισι θεῶν ἰότητι κέονται.
Lines 363–376
whom the dark earth breeds scattered far and wide, men that fashion lies out of what no man can even see. But upon thee is grace of words, and within thee is a heart of wisdom, and thy tale thou hast told with skill, as doth a minstrel, even the grievous woes of all the Argives and of thine own self. But come, tell me this, and declare it truly, whether thou sawest any of thy godlike comrades, who went to Ilios together with thee, and there met their fate. The night is before us, long, aye, wondrous long, and it is not yet the time for sleep in the hall. Tell on, I pray thee, the tale of these wondrous deeds. Verily I could abide until bright dawn, so thou wouldest be willing to tell in the hall of these woes of thine.” Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him and said: “Lord Alcinous, renowned above all men, there is a time for many words and there is a time also for sleep.
Ὀδυσεῦ, τὸ μὲν οὔ τί σʼ ἐίσκομεν εἰσορόωντες, ἠπεροπῆά τʼ ἔμεν καὶ ἐπίκλοπον, οἷά τε πολλοὺς βόσκει γαῖα μέλαινα πολυσπερέας ἀνθρώπους, ψεύδεά τʼ ἀρτύνοντας ὅθεν κέ τις οὐδὲ ἴδοιτο· σοὶ δʼ ἔπι μὲν μορφὴ ἐπέων, ἔνι δὲ φρένες ἐσθλαί. μῦθον δʼ ὡς ὅτʼ ἀοιδὸς ἐπισταμένως κατέλεξας, πάντων τʼ Ἀργείων σέο τʼ αὐτοῦ κήδεα λυγρά. ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον, εἴ τινας ἀντιθέων ἑτάρων ἴδες, οἵ τοι ἅμʼ αὐτῷ Ἴλιον εἰς ἅμʼ ἕποντο καὶ αὐτοῦ πότμον ἐπέσπον. νὺξ δʼ ἥδε μάλα μακρή, ἀθέσφατος· οὐδέ πω ὥρη εὕδειν ἐν μεγάρῳ, σὺ δέ μοι λέγε θέσκελα ἔργα. καί κεν ἐς ἠῶ δῖαν ἀνασχοίμην, ὅτε μοι σὺ τλαίης ἐν μεγάρῳ τὰ σὰ κήδεα μυθήσασθαι.
Lines 404–434
‘Son of Laertes, sprung from Zeus, Odysseus of many devices, neither did Poseidon smite me on board my ships, when he had roused a furious blast of cruel winds, nor did foemen work me harm on the land, but Aegisthus wrought for me death and fate, and slew me with the aid of my accursed wife, when he had bidden me to his house and made me a feast, even as one slays an ox at the stall. So I died by a most pitiful death, and round about me the rest of my comrades were slain unceasingly like white-tusked swine, which are slaughtered in the house of a rich man of great might at a marriage feast, or a joint meal, or a rich drinking-bout. Ere now thou hast been present at the slaying of many men, killed in single combat or in the press of the fight, but in heart thou wouldst have felt most pity hadst thou seen that sight, how about the mixing bowl and the laden tables we lay in the hall, and the floor all swam with blood. But the most piteous cry that I heard was that of the daughter of Priam, Cassandra, whom guileful Clytemnestra slew by my side.1 And I sought to raise my hands and smite down the murderess, dying though I was, pierced through with the sword. But she, the shameless one, turned her back upon me, and even though I was going to the house of Hades deigned neither to draw down my eyelids with her fingers nor to close my mouth. So true is it that there is nothing more dread or more shameless than a woman who puts into her heart such deeds, even as she too devised a monstrous thing, contriving death for her wedded husband. Verily I thought that I should come home welcome to my children and to my slaves; but she, with her heart set on utter wickedness, has shed shame on herself and on women yet to be, even upon her that doeth uprightly.’
ὣς ἐφάμην, δέ μʼ αὐτίκʼ ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπε· διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ, οὔτʼ ἐμέ γʼ ἐν νήεσσι Ποσειδάων ἐδάμασσεν ὄρσας ἀργαλέων ἀνέμων ἀμέγαρτον ἀυτμήν, οὔτε μʼ ἀνάρσιοι ἄνδρες ἐδηλήσαντʼ ἐπὶ χέρσου, ἀλλά μοι Αἴγισθος τεύξας θάνατόν τε μόρον τε ἔκτα σὺν οὐλομένῃ ἀλόχῳ, οἶκόνδε καλέσσας, δειπνίσσας, ὥς τίς τε κατέκτανε βοῦν ἐπὶ φάτνῃ. ὣς θάνον οἰκτίστῳ θανάτῳ· περὶ δʼ ἄλλοι ἑταῖροι νωλεμέως κτείνοντο σύες ὣς ἀργιόδοντες, οἵ ῥά τʼ ἐν ἀφνειοῦ ἀνδρὸς μέγα δυναμένοιο γάμῳ ἐράνῳ εἰλαπίνῃ τεθαλυίῃ. ἤδη μὲν πολέων φόνῳ ἀνδρῶν ἀντεβόλησας, μουνὰξ κτεινομένων καὶ ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ· ἀλλά κε κεῖνα μάλιστα ἰδὼν ὀλοφύραο θυμῷ, ὡς ἀμφὶ κρητῆρα τραπέζας τε πληθούσας κείμεθʼ ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ, δάπεδον δʼ ἅπαν αἵματι θῦεν. οἰκτροτάτην δʼ ἤκουσα ὄπα Πριάμοιο θυγατρός, Κασσάνδρης, τὴν κτεῖνε Κλυταιμνήστρη δολόμητις ἀμφʼ ἐμοί, αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ ποτὶ γαίῃ χεῖρας ἀείρων βάλλον ἀποθνήσκων περὶ φασγάνῳ· δὲ κυνῶπις νοσφίσατʼ, οὐδέ μοι ἔτλη ἰόντι περ εἰς Ἀίδαο χερσὶ κατʼ ὀφθαλμοὺς ἑλέειν σύν τε στόμʼ ἐρεῖσαι. ὣς οὐκ αἰνότερον καὶ κύντερον ἄλλο γυναικός, τις δὴ τοιαῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶν ἔργα βάληται· οἷον δὴ καὶ κείνη ἐμήσατο ἔργον ἀεικές, κουριδίῳ τεύξασα πόσει φόνον. τοι ἔφην γε ἀσπάσιος παίδεσσιν ἰδὲ δμώεσσιν ἐμοῖσιν οἴκαδʼ ἐλεύσεσθαι· δʼ ἔξοχα λυγρὰ ἰδυῖα οἷ τε κατʼ αἶσχος ἔχευε καὶ ἐσσομένῃσιν ὀπίσσω θηλυτέρῃσι γυναιξί, καὶ κʼ ἐυεργὸς ἔῃσιν.
Lines 454–468
in secret and not openly do thou bring thy ship to the shore of thy dear native land; for no longer is there faith in women. But, come, tell me this, and declare it truly, whether haply ye hear of my son as yet alive in Orchomenus it may be, or in sandy Pylos, or yet with Menelaus in wide Sparta; for not yet has goodly Orestes perished on the earth.’ “So he spoke, and I made answer and said: ‘Son of Atreus, wherefore dost thou question me of this? I know not at all whether he be alive or dead, and it is an ill thing to speak words vain as wind.’ “Thus we two stood and held sad converse with one another, sorrowing and shedding big tears; and there came up the spirit of Achilles, son of Peleus, and those of Patroclus and of peerless Antilochus and of Aias, who in comeliness and form was the goodliest
ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν· κρύβδην, μηδʼ ἀναφανδά, φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν νῆα κατισχέμεναι· ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι πιστὰ γυναιξίν. ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον, εἴ που ἔτι ζώοντος ἀκούετε παιδὸς ἐμοῖο, που ἐν Ὀρχομενῷ ἐν Πύλῳ ἠμαθόεντι, που πὰρ Μενελάῳ ἐνὶ Σπάρτῃ εὐρείῃ· οὐ γάρ πω τέθνηκεν ἐπὶ χθονὶ δῖος Ὀρέστης. ὣς ἔφατʼ, αὐτὰρ ἐγώ μιν ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπον· Ἀτρεΐδη, τί με ταῦτα διείρεαι; οὐδέ τι οἶδα, ζώει γʼ τέθνηκε· κακὸν δʼ ἀνεμώλια βάζειν. νῶι μὲν ὣς ἐπέεσσιν ἀμειβομένω στυγεροῖσιν ἕσταμεν ἀχνύμενοι θαλερὸν κατὰ δάκρυ χέοντες· ἦλθε δʼ ἐπὶ ψυχὴ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος καὶ Πατροκλῆος καὶ ἀμύμονος Ἀντιλόχοιο
Lines 469–483
of all the Danaans after the peerless son of Peleus. And the spirit of the swift-footed son of Aeacus recognized me, and weeping, spoke to me winged words: “Son of Laertes, sprung from Zeus, Odysseus of many devices, rash man, what deed yet greater than this wilt thou devise in thy heart? How didst thou dare to come down to Hades, where dwell the unheeding dead, the phantoms of men outworn.’1 “‘So he spoke, and I made answer and said:‘Achilles, son of Peleus, far the mightiest of the Achaeans, I came through need of Teiresias,1 if haply he would tell me some plan whereby I might reach rugged Ithaca. For not yet have I come near to the land of Achaea, nor have I as yet set foot on my own country, but am ever suffering woes; whereas than thou, Achilles, no man aforetime was more blessed nor shall ever be hereafter. For of old, when thou wast alive, we Argives honored thee even as the gods,
Αἴαντός θʼ, ὃς ἄριστος ἔην εἶδός τε δέμας τε τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν μετʼ ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα. ἔγνω δὲ ψυχή με ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο καί ῥʼ ὀλοφυρομένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ, σχέτλιε, τίπτʼ ἔτι μεῖζον ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μήσεαι ἔργον; πῶς ἔτλης Ἄϊδόσδε κατελθέμεν, ἔνθα τε νεκροὶ ἀφραδέες ναίουσι, βροτῶν εἴδωλα καμόντων; ὣς ἔφατʼ, αὐτὰρ ἐγώ μιν ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπον· Ἀχιλεῦ Πηλῆος υἱέ, μέγα φέρτατʼ Ἀχαιῶν, ἦλθον Τειρεσίαο κατὰ χρέος, εἴ τινα βουλὴν εἴποι, ὅπως Ἰθάκην ἐς παιπαλόεσσαν ἱκοίμην· οὐ γάρ πω σχεδὸν ἦλθον Ἀχαιΐδος, οὐδέ πω ἁμῆς γῆς ἐπέβην, ἀλλʼ αἰὲν ἔχω κακά. σεῖο δʼ, Ἀχιλλεῦ, οὔ τις ἀνὴρ προπάροιθε μακάρτατος οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ὀπίσσω.
Lines 473–476
How didst thou dare to come down to Hades, where dwell the unheeding dead, the phantoms of men outworn.’1 “‘So he spoke, and I made answer and said:‘Achilles, son of Peleus, far the mightiest of the Achaeans, I came through need of Teiresias,1 if haply
διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ, σχέτλιε, τίπτʼ ἔτι μεῖζον ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μήσεαι ἔργον; πῶς ἔτλης Ἄϊδόσδε κατελθέμεν, ἔνθα τε νεκροὶ ἀφραδέες ναίουσι, βροτῶν εἴδωλα καμόντων;
Lines 362–365
and let us ourselves take thought how all may be far the best.”
θάρσει, μή τοι ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι μελόντων. ἀλλὰ χρήματα μὲν μυχῷ ἄντρου θεσπεσίοιο θείμεν αὐτίκα νῦν, ἵνα περ τάδε τοι σόα μίμνῃ· αὐτοὶ δὲ φραζώμεθʼ ὅπως ὄχʼ ἄριστα γένηται.
Lines 417–419
τίπτε τʼ ἄρʼ οὔ οἱ ἔειπες, ἐνὶ φρεσὶ πάντα ἰδυῖα; ἵνα που καὶ κεῖνος ἀλώμενος ἄλγεα πάσχῃ πόντον ἐπʼ ἀτρύγετον· βίοτον δέ οἱ ἄλλοι ἔδουσι;
Lines 166–190
is grieved whenever any one makes mention of my good master. But as for thy oath, we will let it be; yet I would that Odysseus might come, even as I desire, I, and Penelope, and the old man Laertes, and godlike Telemachus. But now it is for his son that I grieve unceasingly, even for Telemachus, whom Odysseus begot. When the gods had made him grow like a sapling, and I thought that he would be among men no whit worse than his dear father, glorious in form and comeliness, then some one of the immortals marred the wise spirit within him, or haply some man, and he went to sacred Pylos after tidings of his father. For him now the lordly wooers lie in wait on his homeward way, that the race of godlike Arceisius may perish out of Ithaca, and leave no name. But verily we will let him be; he may be taken, or he may escape, and the son of Cronos stretch forth his hand to guard him. But come, do thou, old man, tell me of thine own sorrows, and declare me this truly, that I may know full well. Who art thou among men, and from whence? Where is thy city, and where thy parents? On what manner of ship didst thou come, and how did sailors bring thee to Ithaca? Who did they declare themselves to be? For nowise, methinks, didst thou come hither on foot.”
γέρον, οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ἐγὼν εὐαγγέλιον τόδε τίσω, οὔτʼ Ὀδυσεὺς ἔτι οἶκον ἐλεύσεται· ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος πῖνε, καὶ ἄλλα παρὲξ μεμνώμεθα, μηδέ με τούτων μίμνησκʼ· γὰρ θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐμοῖσιν ἄχνυται, ὁππότε τις μνήσῃ κεδνοῖο ἄνακτος. ἀλλʼ τοι ὅρκον μὲν ἐάσομεν, αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς ἔλθοι ὅπως μιν ἐγώ γʼ ἐθέλω καὶ Πηνελόπεια Λαέρτης θʼ γέρων καὶ Τηλέμαχος θεοειδής. νῦν αὖ παιδὸς ἄλαστον ὀδύρομαι, ὃν τέκʼ Ὀδυσσεύς, Τηλεμάχου· τὸν ἐπεὶ θρέψαν θεοὶ ἔρνεϊ ἶσον, καί μιν ἔφην ἔσσεσθαι ἐν ἀνδράσιν οὔ τι χέρηα πατρὸς ἑοῖο φίλοιο, δέμας καὶ εἶδος ἀγητόν, τὸν δέ τις ἀθανάτων βλάψε φρένας ἔνδον ἐΐσας ἠέ τις ἀνθρώπων· δʼ ἔβη μετὰ πατρὸς ἀκουὴν ἐς Πύλον ἠγαθέην· τὸν δὲ μνηστῆρες ἀγαυοὶ οἴκαδʼ ἰόντα λοχῶσιν, ὅπως ἀπὸ φῦλον ὄληται νώνυμον ἐξ Ἰθάκης Ἀρκεισίου ἀντιθέοιο. ἀλλʼ τοι κεῖνον μὲν ἐάσομεν, κεν ἁλώῃ κε φύγῃ καί κέν οἱ ὑπέρσχῃ χεῖρα Κρονίων. ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι σύ, γεραιέ, τὰ σʼ αὐτοῦ κήδεʼ ἐνίσπες καί μοι τοῦτʼ ἀγόρευσον ἐτήτυμον, ὄφρʼ ἐῢ εἰδῶ· τίς πόθεν εἶς ἀνδρῶν; πόθι τοι πόλις ἠδὲ τοκῆες; ὁπποίης τʼ ἐπὶ νηὸς ἀφίκεο· πῶς δέ σε ναῦται ἤγαγον εἰς Ἰθάκην; τίνες ἔμμεναι εὐχετόωντο; οὐ μὲν γάρ τί σε πεζὸν ὀΐομαι ἐνθάδʼ ἱκέσθαι.
Lines 418–432
and set him by the hearth. Nor did the swineherd forget the immortals, for he had an understanding heart, but as a first offering he cast into the fire bristles from the head of the white-tusked boar, and made prayer to all the gods that wise Odysseus might return to his own house. Then he raised himself up, and smote the boar with a billet of oak, which he had left when splitting the wood, and the boar's life left him. And the others cut the boar's throat, and signed him, and quickly cut him up, and the swineherd took as first offerings bits of raw flesh from all the limbs, and laid them in the rich fat. These he cast into the fire, when he had sprinkled them with barley meal, but the rest they cut up and spitted, and roasted it carefully, and drew it all off the spits, and cast it in a heap on platters. Then the swineherd stood up to carve, for well did his heart know what was fair, and he cut up the mess and divided it into seven portions.
ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας κέασε ξύλα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ, οἱ δʼ ὗν εἰσῆγον μάλα πίονα πενταέτηρον. τὸν μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἔστησαν ἐπʼ ἐσχάρῃ· οὐδὲ συβώτης λήθετʼ ἄρʼ ἀθανάτων· φρεσὶ γὰρ κέχρητʼ ἀγαθῇσιν· ἀλλʼ ὅγʼ ἀπαρχόμενος κεφαλῆς τρίχας ἐν πυρὶ βάλλεν ἀργιόδοντος ὑός, καὶ ἐπεύχετο πᾶσι θεοῖσιν νοστῆσαι Ὀδυσῆα πολύφρονα ὅνδε δόμονδε. κόψε δʼ ἀνασχόμενος σχίζῃ δρυός, ἣν λίπε κείων· τὸν δʼ ἔλιπε ψυχή. τοὶ δʼ ἔσφαξάν τε καὶ εὗσαν· αἶψα δέ μιν διέχευαν· δʼ ὠμοθετεῖτο συβώτης, πάντων ἀρχόμενος μελέων, ἐς πίονα δημόν, καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν πυρὶ βάλλε, παλύνας ἀλφίτου ἀκτῇ, μίστυλλόν τʼ ἄρα τἆλλα καὶ ἀμφʼ ὀβελοῖσιν ἔπειραν, ὤπτησάν τε περιφραδέως ἐρύσαντό τε πάντα, βάλλον δʼ εἰν ἐλεοῖσιν ἀολλέα· ἂν δὲ συβώτης
Lines 433–439
One with a prayer he set aside for the nymphs and for Hermes, son of Maia, and the rest he distributed to each. And Odysseus he honored with the long chine of the white-tusked boar, and made glad the heart of his master; and Odysseus of many wiles spoke to him, and said:
ἵστατο δαιτρεύσων· περὶ γὰρ φρεσὶν αἴσιμα ᾔδη. καὶ τὰ μὲν ἕπταχα πάντα διεμοιρᾶτο δαΐζων· τὴν μὲν ἴαν νύμφῃσι καὶ Ἑρμῇ, Μαιάδος υἱεῖ, θῆκεν ἐπευξάμενος, τὰς δʼ ἄλλας νεῖμεν ἑκάστῳ· νώτοισιν δʼ Ὀδυσῆα διηνεκέεσσι γέραιρεν ἀργιόδοντος ὑός, κύδαινε δὲ θυμὸν ἄνακτος· καί μιν φωνήσας προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·
Lines 111–119
I will give thee a well-wrought mixing-bowl. It is all of silver, and with gold are the rims thereof gilded, the work of Hephaestus; and the warrior Phaedimus, king of the Sidonians, gave it me, when his house sheltered me as I came thither; and now I am minded to give it to thee.”
Τηλέμαχʼ, τοι νόστον, ὅπως φρεσὶ σῇσι μενοινᾷς, ὥς τοι Ζεὺς τελέσειεν, ἐρίγδουπος πόσις Ἥρης. δώρων δʼ, ὅσσʼ ἐν ἐμῷ οἴκῳ κειμήλια κεῖται, δώσω κάλλιστον καὶ τιμηέστατόν ἐστι. δώσω τοι κρητῆρα τετυγμένον· ἀργύρεος δὲ ἐστὶν ἅπας, χρυσῷ δʼ ἐπὶ χείλεα κεκράανται, ἔργον δʼ Ἡφαίστοιο· πόρεν δέ Φαίδιμος ἥρως, Σιδονίων βασιλεύς, ὅθʼ ἑὸς δόμος ἀμφεκάλυψε κεῖσέ με νοστήσαντα· τεῒν δʼ ἐθέλω τόδʼ ὀπάσσαι.
Lines 160–166
Even as he spoke a bird flew by on the right, an eagle, bearing in his talons a great, white goose, a tame fowl from the yard, and men and women followed shouting. But the eagle drew near to them, and darted off to the right in front of the horses; and they were glad as they saw it, and the hearts in the breasts of all were cheered. And among them Peisistratus, son of Nestor, was first to speak: “Consider, Menelaus, fostered of Zeus, leader of hosts, whether it was for us two that the god showed this sign, or for thyself.” so he spoke, and Menelaus, dear to Ares, pondered
ὣς ἄρα οἱ εἰπόντι ἐπέπτατο δεξιὸς ὄρνις, αἰετὸς ἀργὴν χῆνα φέρων ὀνύχεσσι πέλωρον, ἥμερον ἐξ αὐλῆς· οἱ δʼ ἰΰζοντες ἕποντο ἀνέρες ἠδὲ γυναῖκες· δέ σφισιν ἐγγύθεν ἐλθὼν δεξιὸς ἤϊξε πρόσθʼ ἵππων· οἱ δὲ ἰδόντες γήθησαν, καὶ πᾶσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θυμὸς ἰάνθη. τοῖσι δὲ Νεστορίδης Πεισίστρατος ἤρχετο μύθων·
Lines 209–214
before I reach home and bring the old man word. For well I know this in mind and heart, so masterful is his spirit he will not let thee go, but will himself come hither to bid thee to his house; and, I tell thee, he will not go back without thee; for very wroth will he be, despite of all.”
σπουδῇ νῦν ἀνάβαινε κέλευέ τε πάντας ἑταίρους, πρὶν ἐμὲ οἴκαδʼ ἱκέσθαι ἀπαγγεῖλαί τε γέροντι. εὖ γὰρ ἐγὼ τόδε οἶδα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν· οἷος κείνου θυμὸς ὑπέρβιος, οὔ σε μεθήσει, ἀλλʼ αὐτὸς καλέων δεῦρʼ εἴσεται, οὐδέ φημι ἂψ ἰέναι κενεόν· μάλα γὰρ κεχολώσεται ἔμπης.
Lines 220–234
So he spoke, and they readily hearkened and obeyed; and at once they went on board, and sat down upon the benches. and he was a seer. By lineage he was sprung from Melampus, who of old dwelt in Pylos, mother of flocks, a rich man and one that had a very wealthy house among the Pylians, but had afterward come to a land of strangers, fleeing from his country and from great-hearted Neleus, the lordliest of living men, who for a full year had kept much wealth from him by force.1 Now Melampus meanwhile lay bound with bitter bonds in the halls of Phylacus, suffering grievous pains because of the daughter of Neleus, and the terrible blindness of heart which the goddess, the Erinys, who brings houses to ruin,2 had laid upon him.
ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδʼ ἐπίθοντο, αἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ εἴσβαινον καὶ ἐπὶ κληῗσι καθῖζον. τοι μὲν τὰ πονεῖτο καὶ εὔχετο, θῦε δʼ Ἀθήνῃ νηῒ πάρα πρυμνῇ· σχεδόθεν δέ οἱ ἤλυθεν ἀνὴρ τηλεδαπός, φεύγων ἐξ Ἄργεος ἄνδρα κατακτάς, μάντις· ἀτὰρ γενεήν γε Μελάμποδος ἔκγονος ἦεν, ὃς πρὶν μέν ποτʼ ἔναιε Πύλῳ ἔνι, μητέρι μήλων, ἀφνειὸς Πυλίοισι μέγʼ ἔξοχα δώματα ναίων· δὴ τότε γʼ ἄλλων δῆμον ἀφίκετο, πατρίδα φεύγων Νηλέα τε μεγάθυμον, ἀγαυότατον ζωόντων, ὅς οἱ χρήματα πολλὰ τελεσφόρον εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν εἶχε βίῃ. δὲ τῆος ἐνὶ μεγάροις Φυλάκοιο δεσμῷ ἐν ἀργαλέῳ δέδετο, κρατέρʼ ἄλγεα πάσχων εἵνεκα Νηλῆος κούρης ἄτης τε βαρείης, τήν οἱ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ δασπλῆτις Ἐρινύς.
Lines 326–339
Not such as thou are their serving men; nay, they that serve them are young men, well clad in cloaks and tunics, and ever are their heads and bright faces sleek; and polished tables are laden with bread, and meat, and wine. Nay, abide here; there is none that is vexed by thy presence, not I, nor any other of the men that are with me. But when the dear son of Odysseus comes, he will himself clothe thee in a cloak and a tunic as raiment, and will send thee whithersoever thy heart and spirit bid thee go.”
μοι, ξεῖνε, τίη τοι ἐνὶ φρεσὶ τοῦτο νόημα ἔπλετο; σύ γε πάγχυ λιλαίεαι αὐτόθʼ ὀλέσθαι. εἰ δὴ μνηστήρων ἐθέλεις καταδῦναι ὅμιλον, τῶν ὕβρις τε βίη τε σιδήρεον οὐρανὸν ἵκει. οὔ τοι τοιοίδʼ εἰσὶν ὑποδρηστῆρες ἐκείνων, ἀλλὰ νέοι, χλαίνας εὖ εἱμένοι ἠδὲ χιτῶνας, αἰεὶ δὲ λιπαροὶ κεφαλὰς καὶ καλὰ πρόσωπα, οἵ σφιν ὑποδρώωσιν· ἐΰξεστοι δὲ τράπεζαι σίτου καὶ κρειῶν ἠδʼ οἴνου βεβρίθασιν. ἀλλὰ μένʼ· οὐ γάρ τίς τοι ἀνιᾶται παρεόντι, οὔτʼ ἐγὼ οὔτε τις ἄλλος ἑταίρων, οἵ μοι ἔασιν. αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν ἔλθῃσιν Ὀδυσσῆος φίλος υἱός, κεῖνός σε χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε εἵματα ἕσσει, πέμψει δʼ ὅππη σε κραδίη θυμός τε κελεύει.
Lines 440–458
“‘Be silent now, and let no one of your company speak to me, if he meets me in the street or haply at the well, lest some one go to the palace and tell the old king, and he wax suspicious and bind me with grievous bonds, and devise death for you. Nay, keep my words in mind, and speed the barter of your wares. But, when your ship is laden with goods, let a message come quickly to me at the palace; for I will also bring whatever gold comes under my hand. Aye, and I would gladly give another thing for my passage. There is a child of my noble1 master, whose nurse I am in the palace, such a cunning child, who ever runs abroad with me. Him would I bring on board, and he would fetch you a vast price, wherever you might take him for sale among men of strange speech.’ And they remained there in our land a full year, and got by trade much substance in their hollow ship. But when their hollow ship was laden for their return, then they sent a messenger to bear tidings to the woman. There came a man, well versed in guile, to my father's house
σιγῇ νῦν, μή τίς με προσαυδάτω ἐπέεσσιν ὑμετέρων ἑτάρων, ξυμβλήμενος ἐν ἀγυιῇ, που ἐπὶ κρήνῃ· μή τις ποτὶ δῶμα γέροντι ἐλθὼν ἐξείπῃ, δʼ ὀϊσάμενος καταδήσῃ δεσμῷ ἐν ἀργαλέῳ, ὑμῖν δʼ ἐπιφράσσετʼ ὄλεθρον. ἀλλʼ ἔχετʼ ἐν φρεσὶ μῦθον, ἐπείγετε δʼ ὦνον ὁδαίων. ἀλλʼ ὅτε κεν δὴ νηῦς πλείη βιότοιο γένηται, ἀγγελίη μοι ἔπειτα θοῶς ἐς δώμαθʼ ἱκέσθω· οἴσω γὰρ καὶ χρυσόν, ὅτις χʼ ὑποχείριος ἔλθῃ· καὶ δέ κεν ἄλλʼ ἐπίβαθρον ἐγὼν ἐθέλουσά γε δοίην. παῖδα γὰρ ἀνδρὸς ἑῆος ἐνὶ μεγάροις ἀτιτάλλω, κερδαλέον δὴ τοῖον, ἅμα τροχόωντα θύραζε· τόν κεν ἄγοιμʼ ἐπὶ νηός, δʼ ὑμῖν μυρίον ὦνον ἄλφοι, ὅπῃ περάσητε κατʼ ἀλλοθρόους ἀνθρώπους. μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη πρὸς δώματα καλά, οἱ δʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἅπαντα παρʼ ἡμῖν αὖθι μένοντες ἐν νηῒ γλαφυρῇ βίοτον πολὺν ἐμπολόωντο. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ κοίλη νηῦς ἤχθετο τοῖσι νέεσθαι, καὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ ἄγγελον ἧκαν, ὃς ἀγγείλειε γυναικί.
Lines 486–492
a kindly man, who gives thee food and drink, and that with kindness, and thou livest well; while as for me, it is while wandering through the many cities of men that I am come hither.”
Εὔμαιʼ, μάλα δή μοι ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θυμὸν ὄρινας ταῦτα ἕκαστα λέγων, ὅσα δὴ πάθες ἄλγεα θυμῷ. ἀλλʼ τοι σοὶ μὲν παρὰ καὶ κακῷ ἐσθλὸν ἔθηκε Ζεύς, ἐπεὶ ἀνδρὸς δώματʼ ἀφίκεο πολλὰ μογήσας ἠπίου, ὃς δή τοι παρέχει βρῶσίν τε πόσιν τε ἐνδυκέως, ζώεις δʼ ἀγαθὸν βίον· αὐτὰρ ἐγώ γε πολλὰ βροτῶν ἐπὶ ἄστεʼ ἀλώμενος ἐνθάδʼ ἱκάνω.
Lines 69–89
For how am I to welcome this stranger in my house? I am myself but young, nor have I yet trust in my might to defend me against a man, when one waxes wroth without a cause. And as for my mother, the heart in her breast wavers this way and that, whether to abide here with me and keep the house, respecting the bed of her husband and the voice of the people, or to go now with him whosoever is best of the Achaeans that woo her in the halls, and offers the most gifts of wooing. But verily, as regards this stranger, now that he has come to thy house, I will clothe him in a cloak and tunic, fair raiment, and will give him a two-edged sword, and sandals for his feet, and send him whithersoever his heart and spirit bid him go. Or, if thou wilt, do thou keep him here at the farmstead, and care for him, and raiment will I send hither and all his food to eat, that he be not the ruin of thee and of thy men. But thither will I not suffer him to go, to join the company of the wooers, for they are over-full of wanton insolence, lest they mock him, and dread grief come upon me. And to achieve aught is hard for one man among many, how mighty soever he be, for verily they are far stronger.”
Εὔμαιʼ, μάλα τοῦτο ἔπος θυμαλγὲς ἔειπες· πῶς γὰρ δὴ τὸν ξεῖνον ἐγὼν ὑποδέξομαι οἴκῳ; αὐτὸς μὲν νέος εἰμὶ καὶ οὔ πω χερσὶ πέποιθα ἄνδρʼ ἀπαμύνασθαι, ὅτε τις πρότερος χαλεπήνῃ· μητρὶ δʼ ἐμῇ δίχα θυμὸς ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μερμηρίζει, αὐτοῦ παρʼ ἐμοί τε μένῃ καὶ δῶμα κομίζῃ, εὐνήν τʼ αἰδομένη πόσιος δήμοιό τε φῆμιν, ἤδη ἅμʼ ἕπηται Ἀχαιῶν ὅς τις ἄριστος μνᾶται ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἀνὴρ καὶ πλεῖστα πόρῃσιν. ἀλλʼ τοὶ τὸν ξεῖνον, ἐπεὶ τεὸν ἵκετο δῶμα, ἕσσω μιν χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε, εἵματα καλά, δώσω δὲ ξίφος ἄμφηκες καὶ ποσσὶ πέδιλα, πέμψω δʼ ὅππη μιν κραδίη θυμός τε κελεύει. εἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις, σὺ κόμισσον ἐνὶ σταθμοῖσιν ἐρύξας· εἵματα δʼ ἐνθάδʼ ἐγὼ πέμψω καὶ σῖτον ἅπαντα ἔδμεναι, ὡς ἂν μή σε κατατρύχῃ καὶ ἑταίρους. κεῖσε δʼ ἂν οὔ μιν ἐγώ γε μετὰ μνηστῆρας ἐῷμι ἔρχεσθαι· λίην γὰρ ἀτάσθαλον ὕβριν ἔχουσι· μή μιν κερτομέωσιν, ἐμοὶ δʼ ἄχος ἔσσεται αἰνόν. πρῆξαι δʼ ἀργαλέον τι μετὰ πλεόνεσσιν ἐόντα ἄνδρα καὶ ἴφθιμον, ἐπεὶ πολὺ φέρτεροί εἰσι.
Lines 288–294
but are all befouled so far as the breath of the fire has reached them. And furthermore this greater fear has the son of Cronos put in my heart, lest haply, when heated with wine, you may set a quarrel afoot among you and wound one another, and so bring shame on your feast and on your wooing. For of itself does the iron draw a man to it.’
ἐκ καπνοῦ κατέθηκʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι τοῖσιν ἐῴκει οἷά ποτε Τροίηνδε κιὼν κατέλειπεν Ὀδυσσεύς, ἀλλὰ κατῄκισται, ὅσσον πυρὸς ἵκετʼ ἀϋτμή. πρὸς δʼ ἔτι καὶ τόδε μεῖζον ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε Κρονίων, μή πως οἰνωθέντες, ἔριν στήσαντες ἐν ὑμῖν, ἀλλήλους τρώσητε καταισχύνητέ τε δαῖτα καὶ μνηστύν· αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐφέλκεται ἄνδρα σίδηρος.
Lines 393–399
He was the glorious son of the prince Nisus, son of Aretias, and he led the wooers who came from Dulichium, rich in wheat and in grass, and above all the others he pleased Penelope with his words, for he had an understanding heart. He it was who with good intent addressed their assembly, and spoke among them:
ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ. τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀμφίνομος ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπε, Νίσου φαίδιμος υἱός, Ἀρητιάδαο ἄνακτος, ὅς ῥʼ ἐκ Δουλιχίου πολυπύρου, ποιήεντος, ἡγεῖτο μνηστῆρσι, μάλιστα δὲ Πηνελοπείῃ ἥνδανε μύθοισι· φρεσὶ γὰρ κέχρητʼ ἀγαθῇσιν· σφιν ἐϋφρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·
Lines 435–447
“Daughter of Icarius, wise Penelope, be of good cheer, and let not things distress thy heart. That man lives not, nor shall live, nor shall ever be born, who shall lay hands upon thy son Telemachus while I live and behold the light upon the earth. For thus will I speak out to thee, and verily it shall be brought to pass. Quickly shall that man's black blood flow forth about my spear; for of a truth me, too, did Odysseus the sacker of cities often set upon his knees, and put roast meat in my hands, and hold to my lips red wine. Therefore Telemachus is far the dearest of all men to me, and I bid him have no fear of death, at least from the wooers; but from the gods can no man avoid it.” Thus he spoke to cheer her, but against that son he was himself plotting death. So she went up to her bright upper chamber
κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρον Πηνελόπεια, θάρσει· μή τοι ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι μελόντων. οὐκ ἔσθʼ οὗτος ἀνὴρ οὐδʼ ἔσσεται οὐδὲ γένηται, ὅς κεν Τηλεμάχῳ σῷ υἱέϊ χεῖρας ἐποίσει ζώοντός γʼ ἐμέθεν καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο. ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, καὶ μὴν τετελεσμένον ἔσται· αἶψά οἱ αἷμα κελαινὸν ἐρωήσει περὶ δουρὶ ἡμετέρῳ, ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐμὲ πτολίπορθος Ὀδυσσεὺς πολλάκι γούνασιν οἷσιν ἐφεσσάμενος κρέας ὀπτὸν ἐν χείρεσσιν ἔθηκεν, ἐπέσχε τε οἶνον ἐρυθρόν. τῷ μοι Τηλέμαχος πάντων πολὺ φίλτατός ἐστιν ἀνδρῶν, οὐδέ τί μιν θάνατον τρομέεσθαι ἄνωγα ἔκ γε μνηστήρων· θεόθεν δʼ οὐκ ἔστʼ ἀλέασθαι.
Lines 448–460
and then bewailed Odysseus, her dear husband, until flashing-eyed Athena cast sweet sleep upon her eyelids. But at evening the goodly swineherd came back to Odysseus and his son, and they were busily making ready their supper, and had slain a boar of a year old. Then Athena came close to Odysseus, son of Laertes, and smote him with her wand, and again made him an old man; and mean raiment she put about his body, lest the swineherd might look upon him and know him, and might go to bear tidings to constant Penelope, and not hold the secret fast in his heart. Now Telemachus spoke first to the swineherd, and said: “Thou hast come, goodly Eumaeus. What news is there in the city? Have the proud wooers by this time come home from their ambush, or are they still watching for me where they were, to take me on my homeward way?” To him, then, swineherd Eumaeus, didst thou make answer and say:
ὣς φάτο θαρσύνων, τῷ δʼ ἤρτυεν αὐτὸς ὄλεθρον. μὲν ἄρʼ εἰσαναβᾶσʼ ὑπερώϊα σιγαλόεντα κλαῖεν ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆα, φίλον πόσιν, ὄφρα οἱ ὕπνον ἡδὺν ἐπὶ βλεφάροισι βάλε γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη. ἑσπέριος δʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ καὶ υἱέϊ δῖος ὑφορβὸς ἤλυθεν· οἱ δʼ ἄρα δόρπον ἐπισταδὸν ὡπλίζοντο, σῦν ἱερεύσαντες ἐνιαύσιον. αὐτὰρ Ἀθήνη, ἄγχι παρισταμένη, Λαερτιάδην Ὀδυσῆα ῥάβδῳ πεπληγυῖα πάλιν ποίησε γέροντα, λυγρὰ δὲ εἵματα ἕσσε περὶ χροΐ, μή συβώτης γνοίη ἐσάντα ἰδὼν καὶ ἐχέφρονι Πηνελοπείῃ ἔλθοι ἀπαγγέλλων μηδὲ φρεσὶν εἰρύσσαιτο. τὸν καὶ Τηλέμαχος πρότερος πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·
Lines 57–71
that bring fulfillment, in the hope that Zeus would some day bring deeds of requital to pass. But Telemachus thereafter went forth through the hall with his spear in his hand, and with him went two swift hounds. And wondrous was the grace that Athena shed upon him, and all the people marvelled at him as he came. Round about him the proud wooers thronged, speaking him fair, but pondering evil in the deep of their hearts. Howbeit he avoided the great throng of these men, but where Mentor sat, and Antiphus, and Halitherses, who were friends of his father's house of old, there he went and sat down, and they questioned him of each thing. Then Peiraeus, the famous spearman, drew near, leading the stranger through the city to the place of assembly; and Telemachus did not long turn away from his guest, but went up to him. Then Peiraeus was the first to speak, saying:
ὣς ἄρʼ ἐφώνησεν, τῇ δʼ ἄπτερος ἔπλετο μῦθος. δʼ ὑδρηναμένη, καθαρὰ χροῒ εἵμαθʼ ἑλοῦσα, εὔχετο πᾶσι θεοῖσι τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας ῥέξειν, αἴ κέ ποθι Ζεὺς ἄντιτα ἔργα τελέσσῃ. Τηλέμαχος δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα διὲκ μεγάροιο βεβήκει ἔγχος ἔχων· ἅμα τῷ γε δύω κύνες ἀργοὶ ἕποντο. θεσπεσίην δʼ ἄρα τῷ γε χάριν κατέχευεν Ἀθήνη· τὸν δʼ ἄρα πάντες λαοὶ ἐπερχόμενον θηεῦντο. ἀμφὶ δέ μιν μνηστῆρες ἀγήνορες ἠγερέθοντο ἔσθλʼ ἀγορεύοντες, κακὰ δὲ φρεσὶ βυσσοδόμευον. αὐτὰρ τῶν μὲν ἔπειτα ἀλεύατο πουλὺν ὅμιλον, ἀλλʼ ἵνα Μέντωρ ἧστο καὶ Ἄντιφος ἠδʼ Ἁλιθέρσης, οἵ τε οἱ ἐξ ἀρχῆς πατρώϊοι ἦσαν ἑταῖροι, ἔνθα καθέζετʼ ἰών· τοὶ δʼ ἐξερέεινον ἕκαστα. τοῖσι δὲ Πείραιος δουρικλυτὸς ἐγγύθεν ἦλθεν
Lines 174–176
come to the house that we may make ready a feast; for it is no bad thing to take one's dinner in season.” So he spoke, and they rose up and went, and hearkened to his word. And when they had come to the stately house they laid their cloaks on the chairs and high seats,
κοῦροι, ἐπεὶ δὴ πάντες ἐτέρφθητε φρένʼ ἀέθλοις, ἔρχεσθε πρὸς δώμαθʼ, ἵνʼ ἐντυνώμεθα δαῖτα· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι χέρειον ἐν ὥρῃ δεῖπνον ἑλέσθαι.
Lines 233–239
but he stood steadfast. And Odysseus pondered whether he should leap upon him and take his life with his staff, or seize him round about,2 and lift him up, and dash his head upon the ground. Yet he endured, and stayed him from his purpose. And the swineherd looked the man in the face, and rebuked him, and lifted up his hands, and prayed aloud:
ὣς φάτο, καὶ παριὼν λὰξ ἔνθορεν ἀφραδίῃσιν ἰσχίῳ· οὐδέ μιν ἐκτὸς ἀταρπιτοῦ ἐστυφέλιξεν, ἀλλʼ ἔμενʼ ἀσφαλέως· δὲ μερμήριξεν Ὀδυσσεὺς ἠὲ μεταΐξας ῥοπάλῳ ἐκ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο, πρὸς γῆν ἐλάσειε κάρη ἀμφουδὶς ἀείρας. ἀλλʼ ἐπετόλμησε, φρεσὶ δʼ ἔσχετο· τὸν δὲ συβώτης νείκεσʼ ἐσάντα ἰδών, μέγα δʼ εὔξατο χεῖρας ἀνασχών·
Lines 354–355
and may have all that his heart desires.” He spoke, and took the mess in both his hands and set it down there before his feet on his miserable wallet. Then he ate so long as the minstrel sang in the halls. But when he had dined and the divine minstrel was ceasing to sing,
Ζεῦ ἄνα, Τηλέμαχόν μοι ἐν ἀνδράσιν ὄλβιον εἶναι, καί οἱ πάντα γένοιθʼ ὅσσα φρεσὶν ᾗσι μενοινᾷ.
Lines 454–457
Thou wouldest not out of thine own substance give even a grain of salt to thy suppliant, thou who now, when sitting at another's table, hadst not the heart to take of the bread and give me aught. Yet here lies plenty at thy hand.” So he spoke, and Antinous waxed the more wroth at heart, and with an angry glance from beneath his brows spoke to him winged words:
πόποι, οὐκ ἄρα σοί γʼ ἐπὶ εἴδεϊ καὶ φρένες ἦσαν· οὐ σύ γʼ ἂν ἐξ οἴκου σῷ ἐπιστάτῃ οὐδʼ ἅλα δοίης, ὃς νῦν ἀλλοτρίοισι παρήμενος οὔ τί μοι ἔτλης σίτου ἀποπροελὼν δόμεναι· τὰ δὲ πολλὰ πάρεστιν.
Lines 468–476
Verily there is no pain of heart nor any grief when a man is smitten while fighting for his own possessions, whether for his cattle or for his white sheep; but Antinous has smitten me for my wretched belly's sake, an accursed plague that brings many evils upon men. Ah, if for beggars there are gods and avengers, may the doom of death come upon Antinous before his marriage.” Then Antinous, son of Eupeithes, answered him: “Sit still, and eat, stranger, or go elsewhere; lest the young men drag thee
κέκλυτέ μευ, μνηστῆρες ἀγακλειτῆς βασιλείης, ὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει. οὐ μὰν οὔτʼ ἄχος ἐστὶ μετὰ φρεσὶν οὔτε τι πένθος, ὁππότʼ ἀνὴρ περὶ οἷσι μαχειόμενος κτεάτεσσι βλήεται, περὶ βουσὶν ἀργεννῇς ὀΐεσσιν· αὐτὰρ ἔμʼ Ἀντίνοος βάλε γαστέρος εἵνεκα λυγρῆς, οὐλομένης, πολλὰ κάκʼ ἀνθρώποισι δίδωσιν. ἀλλʼ εἴ που πτωχῶν γε θεοὶ καὶ Ἐρινύες εἰσίν, Ἀντίνοον πρὸ γάμοιο τέλος θανάτοιο κιχείη.
Lines 544–550
Dost thou not note that my son has sneezed at all my words. Therefore shall utter death fall upon the wooers one and all, nor shall one of them escape death and the fates. And another thing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart. If I find that he speaks all things truly, I will clothe him in a cloak and tunic, fair raiment.” So she spoke, and the swineherd went when he had heard this saying; and coming up to Odysseus he spoke to him winged words: “Sir stranger, wise Penelope calls for thee, the mother of Telemachus, and her heart
ἔρχεό μοι, τὸν ξεῖνον ἐναντίον ὧδε κάλεσσον. οὐχ ὁράᾳς μοι υἱὸς ἐπέπταρε πᾶσιν ἔπεσσι; τῷ κε καὶ οὐκ ἀτελὴς θάνατος μνηστῆρσι γένοιτο πᾶσι μάλʼ, οὐδέ κέ τις θάνατον καὶ κῆρας ἀλύξει. ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν· αἴ κʼ αὐτὸν γνώω νημερτέα πάντʼ ἐνέποντα, ἕσσω μιν χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε, εἵματα καλά.
Lines 151–163
Yet even so he did not escape his fate, but him, too, did Athena set in bonds so that he might be slain outright at the hands of Telemachus and by his spear. So he sat down again on the chair from which he had risen. Then the goddess, flashing-eyed Athena, put it in the heart of the daughter of Icarius, wise Penelope, to show herself to the wooers, that she might set their hearts a-flutter and win greater honor from her husband and her son than heretofore. Then she laughed a meaningless laugh and spoke, and addressed the nurse: “Eurynome, my heart longs, though it has never longed before,
ὣς φάτο, καὶ σπείσας ἔπιεν μελιηδέα οἶνον, ἂψ δʼ ἐν χερσὶν ἔθηκε δέπας κοσμήτορι λαῶν. αὐτὰρ βῆ διὰ δῶμα φίλον τετιημένος ἦτορ, νευστάζων κεφαλῇ· δὴ γὰρ κακὸν ὄσσετο θυμός. ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὣς φύγε κῆρα· πέδησε δὲ καὶ τὸν Ἀθήνη Τηλεμάχου ὑπὸ χερσὶ καὶ ἔγχεϊ ἶφι δαμῆναι. ἂψ δʼ αὖτις κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετʼ ἐπὶ θρόνου ἔνθεν ἀνέστη. τῇ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη, κούρῃ Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρονι Πηνελοπείῃ, μνηστήρεσσι φανῆναι, ὅπως πετάσειε μάλιστα θυμὸν μνηστήρων ἰδὲ τιμήεσσα γένοιτο μᾶλλον πρὸς πόσιός τε καὶ υἱέος πάρος ἦεν. ἀχρεῖον δʼ ἐγέλασσεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·
Lines 245–249
“Daughter of Icarius, wise Penelope, if all the Achaeans throughout Iasian Argos could see thee, even more wooers would be feasting in your halls from to-morrow on, for thou excellest all women in comeliness and stature, and in the wise heart within thee.”
κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρον Πηνελόπεια, εἰ πάντες σε ἴδοιεν ἀνʼ Ἴασον Ἄργος Ἀχαιοί, πλέονές κε μνηστῆρες ἐν ὑμετέροισι δόμοισιν ἠῶθεν δαινύατʼ, ἐπεὶ περίεσσι γυναικῶν εἶδός τε μέγεθός τε ἰδὲ φρένας ἔνδον ἐΐσας.
Lines 320–326
So he spoke, and the maids broke into a laugh, and glanced at one another. And fair-cheeked Melantho rated him shamefully, Melantho, whom Dolius begot, but whom Penelope had reared and cherished as her own child, and gave her playthings to her heart's desire. Yet even so she had at heart no sorrow for Penelope, but she loved Eurymachus and was wont to lie with him. She then rated Odysseus with reviling words: “Wretched stranger, thou art but a crack-brained fellow, unwilling to go to a smithy to sleep, or to a common lodge, but pratest here continually,
ὣς ἔφαθʼ, αἱ δʼ ἐγέλασσαν, ἐς ἀλλήλας δὲ ἴδοντο. τὸν δʼ αἰσχρῶς ἐνένιπε Μελανθὼ καλλιπάρῃος, τὴν Δολίος μὲν ἔτικτε, κόμισσε δὲ Πηνελόπεια, παῖδα δὲ ὣς ἀτίταλλε, δίδου δʼ ἄρʼ ἀθύρματα θυμῷ· ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὣς ἔχε πένθος ἐνὶ φρεσὶ Πηνελοπείης, ἀλλʼ γʼ Εὐρυμάχῳ μισγέσκετο καὶ φιλέεσκεν. ῥʼ Ὀδυσῆʼ ἐνένιπεν ὀνειδείοις ἐπέεσσιν·
Lines 340–350
So he spoke, and with his words scattered the women, who fled through the hall, and the limbs of each were loosened beneath her in terror, for they thought that he spoke truth. But Odysseus took his stand by the burning braziers to give light, and looked upon all the men. Yet other things was the heart within him pondering—things that were not to be unfulfilled. But Athena would in no wise suffer the proud wooers to abstain from bitter outrage, that pain might sink yet deeper into the heart of Odysseus, son of Laertes. So among them Eurymachus, son of Polybus, began to speak, jeering at Odysseus, and making mirth for his companions: “Hear me, wooers of the glorious queen, that I may say what the heart in my breast bids me. Not without the will of the gods has this man come to the palace of Odysseus; in any case there is a glare of torches from him—
ὣς εἰπὼν ἐπέεσσι διεπτοίησε γυναῖκας. βὰν δʼ ἴμεναι διὰ δῶμα, λύθεν δʼ ὑπὸ γυῖα ἑκάστης ταρβοσύνῃ· φὰν γάρ μιν ἀληθέα μυθήσασθαι. αὐτὰρ πὰρ λαμπτῆρσι φαείνων αἰθομένοισιν ἑστήκειν ἐς πάντας ὁρώμενος· ἄλλα δέ οἱ κῆρ ὥρμαινε φρεσὶν ᾗσιν, ῥʼ οὐκ ἀτέλεστα γένοντο. μνηστῆρας δʼ οὐ πάμπαν ἀγήνορας εἴα Ἀθήνη λώβης ἴσχεσθαι θυμαλγέος, ὄφρʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον δύη ἄχος κραδίην Λαερτιάδεω Ὀδυσῆος. τοῖσιν δʼ Εὐρύμαχος, Πολύβου πάϊς, ἦρχʼ ἀγορεύειν, κερτομέων Ὀδυσῆα· γέλω δʼ ἑτάροισιν ἔτευχε.
Lines 389–393
unabashed in the presence of many lords, and hast no fear at heart. Surely wine has mastered thy wits, or else thy mind is ever thus, that thou dost babble idly. Art thou beside thyself because thou hast beaten that vagrant Irus?”
δείλʼ, τάχα τοι τελέω κακόν, οἷʼ ἀγορεύεις θαρσαλέως πολλοῖσι μετʼ ἀνδράσιν, οὐδέ τι θυμῷ ταρβεῖς· ῥά σε οἶνος ἔχει φρένας, νύ τοι αἰεὶ τοιοῦτος νόος ἐστίν· καὶ μεταμώνια βάζεις. ἀλύεις, ὅτι Ἶρον ἐνίκησας τὸν ἀλήτην;
Lines 4–13
one and all, and when the wooers miss them and question thee, thou must beguile them with gentle words, saying: ‘Out of the smoke have I laid them, since they are no longer like those which of old Odysseus left behind him, when he went forth to Troy, but are all befouled, so far as the breath of fire has reached them. And furthermore this greater fear has a god put in my heart, lest haply, when heated with wine, you may set a quarrel afoot among you, and wound one another, and so bring shame on your feast and on your wooing. For of itself does the iron draw a man to it.’” So he spoke, and Telemachus hearkened to his dear father,
Τηλέμαχε, χρὴ τεύχεʼ ἀρήϊα κατθέμεν εἴσω πάντα μάλʼ· αὐτὰρ μνηστῆρας μαλακοῖς ἐπέεσσι παρφάσθαι, ὅτε κέν σε μεταλλῶσιν ποθέοντες· ἐκ καπνοῦ κατέθηκʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι τοῖσιν ἐῴκει οἷά ποτε Τροίηνδε κιὼν κατέλειπεν Ὀδυσσεύς, ἀλλὰ κατῄκισται, ὅσσον πυρὸς ἵκετʼ ἀϋτμή. πρὸς δʼ ἔτι καὶ τόδε μεῖζον ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἔβαλε δαίμων μή πως οἰνωθέντες, ἔριν στήσαντες ἐν ὑμῖν, ἀλλήλους τρώσητε καταισχύνητέ τε δαῖτα καὶ μνηστύν· αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐφέλκεται ἄνδρα σίδηρος.
Lines 7–13
And furthermore this greater fear has a god put in my heart, lest haply, when heated with wine, you may set a quarrel afoot among you, and wound one another, and so bring shame on your feast and on your wooing. For of itself does the iron draw a man to it.’” So he spoke, and Telemachus hearkened to his dear father,
ἐκ καπνοῦ κατέθηκʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι τοῖσιν ἐῴκει οἷά ποτε Τροίηνδε κιὼν κατέλειπεν Ὀδυσσεύς, ἀλλὰ κατῄκισται, ὅσσον πυρὸς ἵκετʼ ἀϋτμή. πρὸς δʼ ἔτι καὶ τόδε μεῖζον ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἔβαλε δαίμων μή πως οἰνωθέντες, ἔριν στήσαντες ἐν ὑμῖν, ἀλλήλους τρώσητε καταισχύνητέ τε δαῖτα καὶ μνηστύν· αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐφέλκεται ἄνδρα σίδηρος.
Lines 107–122
is lord over many mighty men, upholding justice; and the black earth bears wheat and barley, and the trees are laden with fruit, the flocks bring forth young unceasingly, and the sea yields fish, all from his good leading; and the people prosper under him. Wherefore question me now in thy house of all things else, but ask not concerning my race and my native land, lest thou fill my heart the more with pains, as I think thereon; for I am a man of many sorrows. Moreover it is not fitting that I should sit weeping and wailing in another's house, for it is ill to grieve ever without ceasing. I would not that one of thy maidens or thine own self be vexed with me, and say that I swim in tears because my mind is heavy with wine.” Then wise Penelope answered him: “Stranger, all excellence of mine, both of beauty and of form,
γύναι, οὐκ ἄν τίς σε βροτῶν ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν νεικέοι· γάρ σευ κλέος οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἱκάνει, ὥς τέ τευ βασιλῆος ἀμύμονος, ὅς τε θεουδὴς ἀνδράσιν ἐν πολλοῖσι καὶ ἰφθίμοισιν ἀνάσσων εὐδικίας ἀνέχῃσι, φέρῃσι δὲ γαῖα μέλαινα πυροὺς καὶ κριθάς, βρίθῃσι δὲ δένδρεα καρπῷ, τίκτῃ δʼ ἔμπεδα μῆλα, θάλασσα δὲ παρέχῃ ἰχθῦς ἐξ εὐηγεσίης, ἀρετῶσι δὲ λαοὶ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ. τῷ ἐμὲ νῦν τὰ μὲν ἄλλα μετάλλα σῷ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ, μηδʼ ἐμὸν ἐξερέεινε γένος καὶ πατρίδα γαῖαν, μή μοι μᾶλλον θυμὸν ἐνιπλήσῃς ὀδυνάων μνησαμένῳ μάλα δʼ εἰμὶ πολύστονος· οὐδέ τί με χρὴ οἴκῳ ἐν ἀλλοτρίῳ γοόωντά τε μυρόμενόν τε ἧσθαι, ἐπεὶ κάκιον πενθήμεναι ἄκριτον αἰεί· μή τίς μοι δμῳῶν νεμεσήσεται, ἠὲ σύ γʼ αὐτή, φῇ δὲ δακρυπλώειν βεβαρηότα με φρένας οἴνῳ.
Lines 124–163
the immortals destroyed on the day when the Argives embarked for Ilios, and with them went my husband, Odysseus. If he might but come, and watch over this life of mine, greater would be my fame and fairer. But now I am in sorrow, so many woes has some god brought upon me. For all the princes who hold sway over the islands—Dulichium and Same and wooded Zacynthus—and those who dwell around in clear-seen Ithaca itself, all these woo me against my will, and lay waste my house. Wherefore I pay no heed to strangers or to suppliants or in any wise to heralds, whose trade is a public one; but in longing for Odysseus I waste my heart away. So these men urge on my marriage, and I wind a skein of wiles. First some god breathed the thought in my heart to set up a great web in my halls and fall to weaving a robe— fine of thread was the web and very wide; and I straightway spoke among them: “‘Young men, my wooers, since goodly Odysseus is dead, be patient, though eager for my marriage, until I finish this robe—I would not that my spinning should come to naught—a shroud for the lord Laertes against the time when the fell fate of grievous death shall strike him down; lest any one of the Achaean women in the land should be wroth with me, if he were to lie without a shroud, who had won great possessions.’ but by night would unravel it, when I had let place torches by me. Thus for three years I kept the Achaeans from knowing, and beguiled them; but when the fourth year came, as the seasons rolled on, as the months waned, and the many days were brought in their course, then verily by the help of my maidens, shameless creatures and reckless, they came upon me and caught me, and upbraided me loudly. So I finished the web against my will perforce. And now I can neither escape the marriage nor devise any counsel more, and my parents are pressing me to marry, and my son frets, while these men devour his livelihood, as he takes note of it all; for by now he is a man, and fully able to care for a household to which Zeus grants honor. Yet even so tell me of thy stock from whence thou art; for thou art not sprung from an oak of ancient story, or from a stone.”1 Then Odysseus of many wiles answered her, and said:
ξεῖνʼ, τοι μὲν ἐμὴν ἀρετὴν εἶδός τε δέμας τε ὤλεσαν ἀθάνατοι, ὅτε Ἴλιον εἰσανέβαινον Ἀργεῖοι, μετὰ τοῖσι δʼ ἐμὸς πόσις ᾖεν Ὀδυσσεύς εἰ κεῖνός γʼ ἐλθὼν τὸν ἐμὸν βίον ἀμφιπολεύοι, μεῖζον κε κλέος εἴη ἐμὸν καὶ κάλλιον οὕτως. νῦν δʼ ἄχομαι· τόσα γάρ μοι ἐπέσσευεν κακὰ δαίμων. ὅσσοι γὰρ νήσοισιν ἐπικρατέουσιν ἄριστοι, Δουλιχίῳ τε Σάμῃ τε καὶ ὑλήεντι Ζακύνθῳ, οἵ τʼ αὐτὴν Ἰθάκην εὐδείελον ἀμφινέμονται, οἵ μʼ ἀεκαζομένην μνῶνται, τρύχουσι δὲ οἶκον. τῷ οὔτε ξείνων ἐμπάξομαι οὔθʼ ἱκετάων οὔτε τι κηρύκων, οἳ δημιοεργοὶ ἔασιν· ἀλλʼ Ὀδυσῆ ποθέουσα φίλον κατατήκομαι ἦτορ. οἱ δὲ γάμον σπεύδουσιν· ἐγὼ δὲ δόλους τολυπεύω. φᾶρος μέν μοι πρῶτον ἐνέπνευσε φρεσὶ δαίμων, στησαμένῃ μέγαν ἱστόν, ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ὑφαίνειν, λεπτὸν καὶ περίμετρον· ἄφαρ δʼ αὐτοῖς μετέειπον· κοῦροι, ἐμοὶ μνηστῆρες, ἐπεὶ θάνε δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς, μίμνετʼ ἐπειγόμενοι τὸν ἐμὸν γάμον, εἰς κε φᾶρος ἐκτελέσω—μή μοι μεταμώνια νήματʼ ὄληται— Λαέρτῃ ἥρωϊ ταφήϊον, εἰς ὅτε κέν μιν μοῖρʼ ὀλοὴ καθέλῃσι τανηλεγέος θανάτοιο· μή τίς μοι κατὰ δῆμον Ἀχαιϊάδων νεμεσήσῃ, αἴ κεν ἄτερ σπείρου κεῖται πολλὰ κτεατίσσας. ὣς ἐφάμην, τοῖσιν δʼ ἐπεπείθετο θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ. ἔνθα καὶ ἠματίη μὲν ὑφαίνεσκον μέγαν ἱστόν, νύκτας δʼ ἀλλύεσκον, ἐπεὶ δαΐδας παραθείμην. ὣς τρίετες μὲν ἔληθον ἐγὼ καὶ ἔπειθον Ἀχαιούς· ἀλλʼ ὅτε τέτρατον ἦλθεν ἔτος καὶ ἐπήλυθον ὧραι, μηνῶν φθινόντων, περὶ δʼ ἤματα πόλλʼ ἐτελέσθη, καὶ τότε δή με διὰ δμῳάς, κύνας οὐκ ἀλεγούσας, εἷλον ἐπελθόντες καὶ ὁμόκλησαν ἐπέεσσιν. ὣς τὸ μὲν ἐξετέλεσσα, καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλουσʼ, ὑπʼ ἀνάγκης· νῦν δʼ οὔτʼ ἐκφυγέειν δύναμαι γάμον οὔτε τινʼ ἄλλην μῆτιν ἔθʼ εὑρίσκω· μάλα δʼ ὀτρύνουσι τοκῆες γήμασθʼ, ἀσχαλάᾳ δὲ πάϊς βίοτον κατεδόντων, γιγνώσκων· ἤδη γὰρ ἀνὴρ οἶός τε μάλιστα οἴκου κήδεσθαι, τῷ τε Ζεὺς κῦδος ὀπάζει. ἀλλὰ καὶ ὥς μοι εἰπὲ τεὸν γένος, ὁππόθεν ἐσσί. οὐ γὰρ ἀπὸ δρυός ἐσσι παλαιφάτου οὐδʼ ἀπὸ πέτρης.
Lines 336–348
Nay, I will lie, as in time past I was wont to rest through sleepless nights; for many a night have I lain upon a foul bed and waited for the bright-throned Dawn. Aye, and baths for the feet give my heart no pleasure, nor shall any woman touch my foot of all those who are serving-women in thy hall, unless there is some old, true-hearted dame who has suffered in her heart as many woes as I; such an one I would not grudge to touch my feet.” Then wise Penelope answered him again:
γύναι αἰδοίη Λαερτιάδεω Ὀδυσῆος, τοι ἐμοὶ χλαῖναι καὶ ῥήγεα σιγαλόεντα ἤχθεθʼ, ὅτε πρῶτον Κρήτης ὄρεα νιφόεντα νοσφισάμην ἐπὶ νηὸς ἰὼν δολιχηρέτμοιο, κείω δʼ ὡς τὸ πάρος περ ἀΰπνους νύκτας ἴαυον· πολλὰς γὰρ δὴ νύκτας ἀεικελίῳ ἐνὶ κοίτῃ ἄεσα καί τʼ ἀνέμεινα ἐΰθρονον Ἠῶ δῖαν. οὐδέ τί μοι ποδάνιπτρα ποδῶν ἐπιήρανα θυμῷ γίγνεται· οὐδὲ γυνὴ ποδὸς ἅψεται ἡμετέροιο τάων αἵ τοι δῶμα κάτα δρήστειραι ἔασιν, εἰ μή τις γρηῦς ἔστι παλαιή, κεδνὰ ἰδυῖα, τις δὴ τέτληκε τόσα φρεσὶν ὅσσα τʼ ἐγώ περ· τῇ δʼ οὐκ ἂν φθονέοιμι ποδῶν ἅψασθαι ἐμεῖο.
Lines 350–360
“Dear stranger, never yet has a man discreet as thou, of those who are strangers from afar, come to my house as a more welcome guest, so wise and prudent are all thy words. I have an old dame with a heart of understanding in her breast, who lovingly nursed and cherished my hapless husband, and took him in her arms on the day when his mother bore him. She shall wash thy feet, weak with age though she be. Come now, wise Eurycleia, arise and wash the feet of one of like age with thy master. Even such as his are now haply the feet of Odysseus, and such his hands, for quickly do men grow old in evil fortune.”
ξεῖνε φίλʼ· οὐ γάρ πώ τις ἀνὴρ πεπνυμένος ὧδε ξείνων τηλεδαπῶν φιλίων ἐμὸν ἵκετο δῶμα, ὡς σὺ μάλʼ εὐφραδέως πεπνυμένα πάντʼ ἀγορεύεις· ἔστι δέ μοι γρηῢς πυκινὰ φρεσὶ μήδεʼ ἔχουσα κεῖνον δύστηνον ἐῢ τρέφεν ἠδʼ ἀτίταλλε, δεξαμένη χείρεσσʼ, ὅτε μιν πρῶτον τέκε μήτηρ, σε πόδας νίψει, ὀλιγηπελέουσά περ ἔμπης. ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν ἀνστᾶσα, περίφρων Εὐρύκλεια, νίψον σοῖο ἄνακτος ὁμήλικα· καί που Ὀδυσσεὺς ἤδη τοιόσδʼ ἐστὶ πόδας τοιόσδε τε χεῖρας· αἶψα γὰρ ἐν κακότητι βροτοὶ καταγηράσκουσιν.
Lines 458–472
had fully healed him, and had given him glorious gifts, they quickly sent him back with joy to his native land, to Ithaca. Then his father and his honored mother rejoiced at his return, and asked him all the story, how he got his wound; and he told them all the truth, how, while he was hunting, a boar had struck him with his white tusk when he had gone to Parnassus with the sons of Autolycus. This scar the old dame, when she had taken the limb in the flat of her hands, knew by the touch, and she let fall the foot. Into the basin the leg fell, and the brazen vessel rang. Over it tilted, and the water was spilled upon the ground. Then upon her soul came joy and grief in one moment, and both her eyes were filled with tears and the flow of her voice was checked. But she touched the chin of Odysseus, and said: “Verily thou art Odysseus, dear child, and I knew thee not,
ἔσχεθον, αἶψα δʼ ἵκοντο φίλου πρὸς δώματα πατρός. τὸν μὲν ἄρʼ Αὐτόλυκός τε καὶ υἱέες Αὐτολύκοιο εὖ ἰησάμενοι ἠδʼ ἀγλαὰ δῶρα πορόντες καρπαλίμως χαίροντα φίλην ἐς πατρίδʼ ἔπεμπον εἰς Ἰθάκην. τῷ μέν ῥα πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ χαῖρον νοστήσαντι καὶ ἐξερέεινον ἕκαστα, οὐλὴν ὅττι πάθοι· δʼ ἄρα σφίσιν εὖ κατέλεξεν ὥς μιν θηρεύοντʼ ἔλασεν σῦς λευκῷ ὀδόντι, Παρνησόνδʼ ἐλθόντα σὺν υἱάσιν Αὐτολύκοιο. τὴν γρηῢς χείρεσσι καταπρηνέσσι λαβοῦσα γνῶ ῥʼ ἐπιμασσαμένη, πόδα δὲ προέηκε φέρεσθαι· ἐν δὲ λέβητι πέσε κνήμη, κανάχησε δὲ χαλκός, ἂψ δʼ ἑτέρωσʼ ἐκλίθη· τὸ δʼ ἐπὶ χθονὸς ἐξέχυθʼ ὕδωρ. τὴν δʼ ἅμα χάρμα καὶ ἄλγος ἕλε φρένα, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε δακρυόφι πλῆσθεν, θαλερὴ δέ οἱ ἔσχετο φωνή.
Lines 492–498
And another thing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart. If a god shall subdue the lordly wooers unto thee, then will I name over to thee the women in thy halls, which ones dishonor thee, and which are guiltless.”
τέκνον ἐμόν, ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων. οἶσθα μὲν οἷον ἐμὸν μένος ἔμπεδον οὐδʼ ἐπιεικτόν, ἕξω δʼ ὡς ὅτε τις στερεὴ λίθος ἠὲ σίδηρος. ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν· εἴ χʼ ὑπό σοι γε θεὸς δαμάσῃ μνηστῆρας ἀγαυούς, δὴ τότε τοι καταλέξω ἐνὶ μεγάροισι γυναῖκας, αἵ τέ σʼ ἀτιμάζουσι καὶ αἳ νηλείτιδές εἰσι.
Lines 560–581
“Stranger, dreams verily are baffling and unclear of meaning, and in no wise do they find fulfillment in all things for men. For two are the gates of shadowy dreams, and one is fashioned of horn and one of ivory. Those dreams that pass through the gate of sawn ivory deceive men, bringing words that find no fulfillment.1 But those that come forth through the gate of polished horn bring true issues to pass, when any mortal sees them. But in my case it was not from thence, methinks, that my strange dream came. Ah, truly it would then have been welcome to me and to my son. But another thing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart. Even now is coming on this morn of evil name which is to cut me off from the house of Odysseus; for now I shall appoint for a contest those axes which he was wont to set up in line in his halls, like props of a ship that is building, twelve in all, and he would stand afar off and shoot an arrow through them.1 of my wedded life, a house most fair and filled with livelihood, which, methinks, I shall ever remember even in my dreams.” Then Odysseus of many wiles answered her, and said: “Honored wife of Odysseus, son of Laertes, no longer now do thou put off this contest in thy halls;
ξεῖνʼ, τοι μὲν ὄνειροι ἀμήχανοι ἀκριτόμυθοι γίγνοντʼ, οὐδέ τι πάντα τελείεται ἀνθρώποισι. δοιαὶ γάρ τε πύλαι ἀμενηνῶν εἰσὶν ὀνείρων· αἱ μὲν γὰρ κεράεσσι τετεύχαται, αἱ δʼ ἐλέφαντι· τῶν οἳ μέν κʼ ἔλθωσι διὰ πριστοῦ ἐλέφαντος, οἵ ῥʼ ἐλεφαίρονται, ἔπεʼ ἀκράαντα φέροντες· οἱ δὲ διὰ ξεστῶν κεράων ἔλθωσι θύραζε, οἵ ῥʼ ἔτυμα κραίνουσι, βροτῶν ὅτε κέν τις ἴδηται. ἀλλʼ ἐμοὶ οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν ὀΐομαι αἰνὸν ὄνειρον ἐλθέμεν· κʼ ἀσπαστὸν ἐμοὶ καὶ παιδὶ γένοιτο. ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν· ἥδε δὴ ἠὼς εἶσι δυσώνυμος, μʼ Ὀδυσῆος οἴκου ἀποσχήσει· νῦν γὰρ καταθήσω ἄεθλον, τοὺς πελέκεας, τοὺς κεῖνος ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἑοῖσιν ἵστασχʼ ἑξείης, δρυόχους ὥς, δώδεκα πάντας· στὰς δʼ γε πολλὸν ἄνευθε διαρρίπτασκεν ὀϊστόν. νῦν δὲ μνηστήρεσσιν ἄεθλον τοῦτον ἐφήσω· ὃς δέ κε ῥηΐτατʼ ἐντανύσῃ βιὸν ἐν παλάμῃσι καὶ διοϊστεύσῃ πελέκεων δυοκαίδεκα πάντων, τῷ κεν ἅμʼ ἑσποίμην, νοσφισσαμένη τόδε δῶμα κουρίδιον, μάλα καλόν, ἐνίπλειον βιότοιο· τοῦ ποτὲ μεμνήσεσθαι ὀΐομαι ἔν περ ὀνείρῳ.
Lines 1–15
But the goodly Odysseus lay down to sleep in the fore-hall of the house. On the ground he spread an undressed ox-hide and above it many fleeces of sheep, which the Achaeans were wont to slay, and Eurynome threw over him a cloak, when he had laid him down. There Odysseus, pondering in his heart evil for the wooers, lay sleepless. And the women came forth from the hall, those that had before been wont to lie with the wooers, making laughter and merriment among themselves. But the heart was stirred in his breast, and much he debated in mind and heart, whether he should rush after them and deal death to each, or suffer them to lie with the insolent wooers for the last and latest time; and his heart growled within him. And as a bitch stands over her tender whelps growling, when she sees a man she does not know, and is eager to fight, so his heart growled within him in his wrath at their evil deeds; but he smote his breast, and rebuked his heart, saying: “Endure, my heart; a worse thing even than this didst thou once endure on that day when the Cyclops, unrestrained in daring, devoured my
αὐτὰρ ἐν προδόμῳ εὐνάζετο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς· κὰμ μὲν ἀδέψητον βοέην στόρεσʼ, αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε κώεα πόλλʼ ὀΐων, τοὺς ἱρεύεσκον Ἀχαιοί· Εὐρυνόμη δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπὶ χλαῖναν βάλε κοιμηθέντι. ἔνθʼ Ὀδυσεὺς μνηστῆρσι κακὰ φρονέων ἐνὶ θυμῷ κεῖτʼ ἐγρηγορόων· ταὶ δʼ ἐκ μεγάροιο γυναῖκες ἤϊσαν, αἳ μνηστῆρσιν ἐμισγέσκοντο πάρος περ, ἀλλήλῃσι γέλω τε καὶ εὐφροσύνην παρέχουσαι. τοῦ δʼ ὠρίνετο θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλοισι· πολλὰ δὲ μερμήριζε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν, ἠὲ μεταΐξας θάνατον τεύξειεν ἑκάστῃ, ἔτʼ ἐῷ μνηστῆρσιν ὑπερφιάλοισι μιγῆναι ὕστατα καὶ πύματα, κραδίη δέ οἱ ἔνδον ὑλάκτει. ὡς δὲ κύων ἀμαλῇσι περὶ σκυλάκεσσι βεβῶσα ἄνδρʼ ἀγνοιήσασʼ ὑλάει μέμονέν τε μάχεσθαι,
Lines 227–234
Now be my witness Zeus above all gods, and this hospitable board, and the hearth of noble Odysseus to which I am come, that verily while thou art here Odysseus shall come home, and thou shalt see with thine eyes, if thou wilt, the slaying of the wooers, who lord it here.”
βουκόλʼ, ἐπεὶ οὔτε κακῷ οὔτʼ ἄφρονι φωτὶ ἔοικας, γιγνώσκω δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς τοι πινυτὴ φρένας ἵκει, τοὔνεκά τοι ἐρέω καὶ ἐπὶ μέγαν ὅρκον ὀμοῦμαι· ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς πρῶτα θεῶν ξενίη τε τράπεζα ἱστίη τʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἀμύμονος, ἣν ἀφικάνω, σέθεν ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντος ἐλεύσεται οἴκαδʼ Ὀδυσσεύς· σοῖσιν δʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἐπόψεαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα, κτεινομένους μνηστῆρας, οἳ ἐνθάδε κοιρανέουσιν.
Lines 1–15
But the goddess, flashing-eyed Athena, put it into the heart of the daughter of Icarius, wise Penelope, to set before the wooers in the halls of Odysseus the bow and the gray iron, to be a contest and the beginning of death. She climbed the high stairway to her chamber, and took the bent key in her strong hand—a goodly key of bronze, and on it was a handle of ivory. And she went her way with her handmaidens to a store-room, far remote, where lay the treasures of her lord, bronze and gold and iron, wrought with toil. And there lay the back-bent bow and the quiver that held the arrows, and many arrows were in it, fraught with groanings—gifts which a friend of Odysseus had given him when he met him once in Lacedaemon, even Iphitus, son of Eurytus, a man like unto the immortals. They two had met one another in Messene in the house of wise Ortilochus. Odysseus verily had come to collect a debt which the whole people owed him, for the men of Messene had lifted from Ithaca in their benched ships three hundred sheep and the shepherds with them.
τῇ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη, κούρῃ Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρονι Πηνελοπείῃ, τόξον μνηστήρεσσι θέμεν πολιόν τε σίδηρον ἐν μεγάροις Ὀδυσῆος, ἀέθλια καὶ φόνου ἀρχήν. κλίμακα δʼ ὑψηλὴν προσεβήσετο οἷο δόμοιο, εἵλετο δὲ κληῗδʼ εὐκαμπέα χειρὶ παχείῃ καλὴν χαλκείην· κώπη δʼ ἐλέφαντος ἐπῆεν. βῆ δʼ ἴμεναι θάλαμόνδε σὺν ἀμφιπόλοισι γυναιξὶν ἔσχατον· ἔνθα δέ οἱ κειμήλια κεῖτο ἄνακτος, χαλκός τε χρυσός τε πολύκμητός τε σίδηρος. ἔνθα δὲ τόξον κεῖτο παλίντονον ἠδὲ φαρέτρη ἰοδόκος, πολλοὶ δʼ ἔνεσαν στονόεντες ὀϊστοί, δῶρα τά οἱ ξεῖνος Λακεδαίμονι δῶκε τυχήσας Ἴφιτος Εὐρυτίδης, ἐπιείκελος ἀθανάτοισι. τὼ δʼ ἐν Μεσσήνῃ ξυμβλήτην ἀλλήλοιϊν
Lines 152–162
to die than to live on and fail of that for the sake of which we ever gather here, waiting expectantly day after day. Now many a man even hopes in his heart and desires to wed Penelope, the wife of Odysseus; but when he shall have made trial of the bow, and seen the outcome, thereafter let him woo some other of the fair-robed Achaean women with his gifts, and seek to win her; then should Penelope wed him who offers most, and who comes as her fated lord.”
φίλοι, οὐ μὲν ἐγὼ τανύω, λαβέτω δὲ καὶ ἄλλος. πολλοὺς γὰρ τόδε τόξον ἀριστῆας κεκαδήσει θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς, ἐπεὶ πολὺ φέρτερόν ἐστι τεθνάμεν ζώοντας ἁμαρτεῖν, οὗθʼ ἕνεκʼ αἰεὶ ἐνθάδʼ ὁμιλέομεν, ποτιδέγμενοι ἤματα πάντα. νῦν μέν τις καὶ ἔλπετʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἠδὲ μενοινᾷ γῆμαι Πηνελόπειαν, Ὀδυσσῆος παράκοιτιν. αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν τόξου πειρήσεται ἠδὲ ἴδηται, ἄλλην δή τινʼ ἔπειτα Ἀχαιϊάδων εὐπέπλων μνάσθω ἐέδνοισιν διζήμενος· δέ κʼ ἔπειτα γήμαιθʼ ὅς κε πλεῖστα πόροι καὶ μόρσιμος ἔλθοι.
Lines 292–306
with a spear-thrust full upon the groin, and drove the bronze clean through, and he fell headlong and struck the ground full with his forehead. Then Athena held up her aegis, the bane of mortals, on high from the roof, and the minds of the wooers were panic-stricken, and they fled through the halls like a herd of kine that the darting gad-fly falls upon and drives along in the season of spring, when the long days come. And even as vultures of crooked talons and curved beaks come forth from the mountains and dart upon smaller birds, which scour the plain, flying low beneath the clouds, and the vultures pounce upon them and slay them, and they have no defence or way of escape, and men rejoice at the chase; even so did those others set upon the wooers and smite them left and right through the hall. And therefrom rose hideous groaning as heads were smitten, and all the floor swam with blood.
ῥα βοῶν ἑλίκων ἐπιβουκόλος· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς οὖτα Δαμαστορίδην αὐτοσχεδὸν ἔγχεϊ μακρῷ. Τηλέμαχος δʼ Εὐηνορίδην Λειώκριτον οὖτα δουρὶ μέσον κενεῶνα, διαπρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσεν· ἤριπε δὲ πρηνής, χθόνα δʼ ἤλασε παντὶ μετώπῳ. δὴ τότʼ Ἀθηναίη φθισίμβροτον αἰγίδʼ ἀνέσχεν ὑψόθεν ἐξ ὀροφῆς· τῶν δὲ φρένες ἐπτοίηθεν. οἱ δʼ ἐφέβοντο κατὰ μέγαρον βόες ὣς ἀγελαῖαι· τὰς μέν τʼ αἰόλος οἶστρος ἐφορμηθεὶς ἐδόνησεν ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ, ὅτε τʼ ἤματα μακρὰ πέλονται. οἱ δʼ ὥς τʼ αἰγυπιοὶ γαμψώνυχες ἀγκυλοχεῖλαι, ἐξ ὀρέων ἐλθόντες ἐπʼ ὀρνίθεσσι θόρωσι· ταὶ μέν τʼ ἐν πεδίῳ νέφεα πτώσσουσαι ἵενται, οἱ δέ τε τὰς ὀλέκουσιν ἐπάλμενοι, οὐδέ τις ἀλκὴ γίγνεται οὐδὲ φυγή· χαίρουσι δέ τʼ ἀνέρες ἄγρῃ·
Lines 326–340
Now the son of Terpes, the minstrel, was still seeking to escape black fate, even Phemius, who sang perforce among the wooers. He stood with the clear-toned lyre in his hands near the postern door, and he was divided in mind whether he should slip out from the hall and sit down by the well-built altar of great Zeus, the God of the court, whereon Laertes and Odysseus had burned many things of oxen, or whether he should rush forward and clasp the knees of Odysseus in prayer. And as he pondered this seemed to him the better course, to clasp the knees of Odysseus, son of Laertes. So he laid the hollow lyre on the ground between the mixing-bowl and the silver-studded chair, and himself rushed forward and clasped Odysseus by the knees, and made entreaty to him, and spoke winged words: “By thy knees I beseech thee, Odysseus, and do thou respect me and have pity;
ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ξίφος εἵλετο χειρὶ παχείῃ κείμενον, ῥʼ Ἀγέλαος ἀποπροέηκε χαμᾶζε κτεινόμενος· τῷ τόν γε κατʼ αὐχένα μέσσον ἔλασσε. φθεγγομένου δʼ ἄρα τοῦ γε κάρη κονίῃσιν ἐμίχθη. Τερπιάδης δʼ ἔτʼ ἀοιδὸς ἀλύσκανε κῆρα μέλαιναν, Φήμιος, ὅς ῥʼ ἤειδε μετὰ μνηστῆρσιν ἀνάγκῃ. ἔστη δʼ ἐν χείρεσσίν ἔχων φόρμιγγα λίγειαν ἄγχι παρʼ ὀρσοθύρην· δίχα δὲ φρεσὶ μερμήριζεν, ἐκδὺς μεγάροιο Διὸς μεγάλου ποτὶ βωμὸν ἑρκείου ἵζοιτο τετυγμένον, ἔνθʼ ἄρα πολλὰ Λαέρτης Ὀδυσεύς τε βοῶν ἐπὶ μηρίʼ ἔκηαν, γούνων λίσσοιτο προσαΐξας Ὀδυσῆα. ὧδε δέ οἱ φρονέοντι δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι, γούνων ἅψασθαι Λαερτιάδεω Ὀδυσῆος. τοι φόρμιγγα γλαφυρὴν κατέθηκε χαμᾶζε
Lines 344–353
on thine own self shall sorrow come hereafter, if thou slayest the minstrel, even me, who sing to gods and men. Self-taught am I, and the god has planted in my heart all manner of lays, and worthy am I to sing to thee as to a god; wherefore be not eager to cut my throat. Aye, and Telemachus too will bear witness to this, thy dear son, how that through no will or desire of mine I was wont to resort to thy house to sing to the wooers at their feasts, but they, being far more and stronger, led me hither perforce.” So he spoke, and the strong and mighty Telemachus heard him,
γουνοῦμαί σʼ, Ὀδυσεῦ· σὺ δέ μʼ αἴδεο καί μʼ ἐλέησον· αὐτῷ τοι μετόπισθʼ ἄχος ἔσσεται, εἴ κεν ἀοιδὸν πέφνῃς, ὅς τε θεοῖσι καὶ ἀνθρώποισιν ἀείδω. αὐτοδίδακτος δʼ εἰμί, θεὸς δέ μοι ἐν φρεσὶν οἴμας παντοίας ἐνέφυσεν· ἔοικα δέ τοι παραείδειν ὥς τε θεῷ· τῷ μή με λιλαίεο δειροτομῆσαι. καί κεν Τηλέμαχος τάδε γʼ εἴποι, σὸς φίλος υἱός, ὡς ἐγὼ οὔ τι ἑκὼν ἐς σὸν δόμον οὐδὲ χατίζων πωλεύμην μνηστῆρσιν ἀεισόμενος μετὰ δαῖτας, ἀλλὰ πολὺ πλέονες καὶ κρείσσονες ἦγον ἀνάγκῃ.
Lines 492–501
Then the old dame went back through the fair house of Odysseus to bear tidings to the women and bid them come; and they came forth from their hall with torches in their hands. They thronged about Odysseus and embraced him, and clasped and kissed his head and shoulders and his hands in loving welcome; and a sweet longing seized him to weep and wail, for in his heart he knew them all.
ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε φίλη τροφὸς Εὐρύκλεια, ἤνεικεν δʼ ἄρα πῦρ καὶ θήϊον· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς εὖ διεθείωσεν μέγαρον καὶ δῶμα καὶ αὐλήν. γρηῢς δʼ αὖτʼ ἀπέβη διὰ δώματα κάλʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἀγγελέουσα γυναιξὶ καὶ ὀτρυνέουσα νέεσθαι· αἱ δʼ ἴσαν ἐκ μεγάροιο δάος μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχουσαι. αἱ μὲν ἄρʼ ἀμφεχέοντο καὶ ἠσπάζοντʼ Ὀδυσῆα, καὶ κύνεον ἀγαπαξόμεναι κεφαλήν τε καὶ ὤμους χεῖράς τʼ αἰνύμεναι· τὸν δὲ γλυκὺς ἵμερος ᾕρει κλαυθμοῦ καὶ στοναχῆς, γίγνωσκε δʼ ἄρα φρεσὶ πάσας.
Lines 11–24
Why dost thou mock me, who have a heart full of sorrow, to tell me this wild tale, and dost rouse me out of slumber, the sweet slumber that bound me and enfolded my eyelids? For never yet have I slept so sound since the day when Odysseus went forth to see evil Ilios that should not be named. Nay come now, go down and back to the women's hall, for if any other of the women that are mine had come and told me this, and had roused me out of sleep, straightway would I have sent her back in sorry wise to return again to the hall, but to thee old age shall bring this profit.”
μαῖα φίλη, μάργην σε θεοὶ θέσαν, οἵ τε δύνανται ἄφρονα ποιῆσαι καὶ ἐπίφρονά περ μάλʼ ἐόντα, καί τε χαλιφρονέοντα σαοφροσύνης ἐπέβησαν· οἵ σέ περ ἔβλαψαν· πρὶν δὲ φρένας αἰσίμη ἦσθα. τίπτε με λωβεύεις πολυπενθέα θυμὸν ἔχουσαν ταῦτα παρὲξ ἐρέουσα καὶ ἐξ ὕπνου μʼ ἀνεγείρεις ἡδέος, ὅς μʼ ἐπέδησε φίλα βλέφαρʼ ἀμφικαλύψας; οὐ γάρ πω τοιόνδε κατέδραθον, ἐξ οὗ Ὀδυσσεὺς ᾤχετʼ ἐποψόμενος Κακοΐλιον οὐκ ὀνομαστήν. ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν κατάβηθι καὶ ἂψ ἔρχευ μέγαρόνδε. εἰ γάρ τίς μʼ ἄλλη γε γυναικῶν, αἵ μοι ἔασι, ταῦτʼ ἐλθοῦσʼ ἤγγειλε καὶ ἐξ ὕπνου ἀνέγειρεν, τῷ κε τάχα στυγερῶς μιν ἐγὼν ἀπέπεμψα νέεσθαι αὖτις ἔσω μέγαρον· σὲ δὲ τοῦτό γε γῆρας ὀνήσει.
Lines 166–172
had come to her in the twentieth year to his native land. Nay come, nurse, strew me a couch, that all alone I may lay me down, for verily the heart in her breast is of iron.” Then wise Penelope answered him: “Strange sir, I am neither in any wise proud, nor do I scorn thee,
δαιμονίη, περί σοί γε γυναικῶν θηλυτεράων κῆρ ἀτέραμνον ἔθηκαν Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες· οὐ μέν κʼ ἄλλη γʼ ὧδε γυνὴ τετληότι θυμῷ ἀνδρὸς ἀφεσταίη, ὅς οἱ κακὰ πολλὰ μογήσας ἔλθοι ἐεικοστῷ ἔτεϊ ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν. ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι, μαῖα, στόρεσον λέχος, ὄφρα καὶ αὐτὸς λέξομαι· γὰρ τῇ γε σιδήρεον ἐν φρεσὶ ἦτορ.
Lines 121–190
We wooed the wife of Odysseus, that had long been gone, and she neither refused the hateful marriage, nor would she ever make an end, devising for us death and black fate. Nay, she contrived in her heart this guileful thing also: she set up in her halls a great web, and fell to weaving— fine of thread was the web and very wide; and straightway she spoke among us: “‘Young men, my wooers, since goodly Odysseus is dead, be patient, though eager for my marriage, until I finish this robe—I would not that my spinning should come to naught—a shroud for the lord Laertes against the time when the fell fate of grievous death shall strike him down; lest any of the Achaean women in the land should be wroth at me, if he were to lie without a shroud, who had won great possessions.’ but by night would unravel it, when she had let place torches by her. Thus for three years she by her craft kept the Achaeans from knowing, and beguiled them; but when the fourth year came, as the seasons rolled on, as the months waned and many days were brought in their course, even then one of her women who knew all, told us, and we caught her unravelling the splendid web. So she finished it against her will perforce. “Now when she had shewn us the robe, after weaving the great web and washing it, and it shone like the sun or the moon, then it was that some cruel god brought Odysseus from somewhere to the border of the land, where the swineherd dwelt. Thither too came the dear son of divine Odysseus on his return from sandy Pylos in his black ship, and these two, when they had planned an evil death for the wooers, came to the famous city, Odysseus verily later, but Telemachus led the way before him. Now the swineherd brought his master, clad in mean raiment, in the likeness of a woeful and aged beggar, leaning on a staff, and miserable was the raiment that he wore about his body; and not one of us could know that it was he, when he appeared so suddenly, no, not even those that were older men, but we assailed him with evil words and with missiles. Howbeit he with steadfast heart endured for a time to be pelted and taunted in his own halls; but when at last the will of Zeus, who bears the aegis, roused him, with the help of Telemachus he took all the beautiful arms and laid them away in the store-room and made fast the bolts. Then in his great cunning he bade his wife set before the wooers his bow and the grey iron to be a contest for us ill-fated men and the beginning of death. And no man of us was able to stretch the string of the mighty bow; nay, we fell far short of that strength. But when the great bow came to the hands of Odysseus, then we all cried out aloud not to give him the bow, how much soever he might speak; but Telemachus alone urged him on, and bade him take it. Then he took the bow in his hand, the much-enduring, goodly Odysseus, and with ease did he string it and send an arrow through the iron. Then he went and stood on the threshold, and poured out the swift arrows, glaring about him terribly, and smote king Antinous. And thereafter upon the others he with sure aim let fly his shafts, fraught with groanings, and the men fell thick and fast. Then was it known that some god was their helper; for straightway rushing on through the halls in their fury they slew men left and right, and therefrom rose hideous groaning, as heads were smitten, and all the floor swam with blood. Thus we perished, Agamemnon, and even now our bodies still lie uncared-for in the halls of Odysseus; for our friends in each man's home know naught as yet—our friends who might wash the black blood from our wounds and lay our bodies out with wailing; for that is the due of the dead.”
Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε, ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον, μέμνημαι τάδε πάντα, διοτρεφές, ὡς ἀγορεύεις· σοὶ δʼ ἐγὼ εὖ μάλα πάντα καὶ ἀτρεκέως καταλέξω, ἡμετέρου θανάτοιο κακὸν τέλος, οἷον ἐτύχθη. μνώμεθʼ Ὀδυσσῆος δὴν οἰχομένοιο δάμαρτα· δʼ οὔτʼ ἠρνεῖτο στυγερὸν γάμον οὔτʼ ἐτελεύτα, ἡμῖν φραζομένη θάνατον καὶ κῆρα μέλαιναν, ἀλλὰ δόλον τόνδʼ ἄλλον ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μερμήριξε· στησαμένη μέγαν ἱστὸν ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ὕφαινε, λεπτὸν καὶ περίμετρον· ἄφαρ δʼ ἡμῖν μετέειπε· κοῦροι ἐμοὶ μνηστῆρες, ἐπεὶ θάνε δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς, μίμνετʼ ἐπειγόμενοι τὸν ἐμὸν γάμον, εἰς κε φᾶρος ἐκτελέσω, μή μοι μεταμώνια νήματʼ ὄληται, Λαέρτῃ ἥρωϊ ταφήϊον, εἰς ὅτε κέν μιν μοῖρʼ ὀλοὴ καθέλῃσι τανηλεγέος θανάτοιο, μή τίς μοι κατὰ δῆμον Ἀχαιϊάδων νεμεσήσῃ, αἴ κεν ἄτερ σπείρου κεῖται πολλὰ κτεατίσσας. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, ἡμῖν δʼ αὖτʼ ἐπεπείθετο θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ. ἔνθα καὶ ἠματίη μὲν ὑφαίνεσκεν μέγαν ἱστόν, νύκτας δʼ ἀλλύεσκεν, ἐπεὶ δαΐδας παραθεῖτο. ὣς τρίετες μὲν ἔληθε δόλῳ καὶ ἔπειθεν Ἀχαιούς· ἀλλʼ ὅτε τέτρατον ἦλθεν ἔτος καὶ ἐπήλυθον ὧραι, μηνῶν φθινόντων, περὶ δʼ ἤματα πόλλʼ ἐτελέσθη, καὶ τότε δή τις ἔειπε γυναικῶν, σάφα ᾔδη, καὶ τήν γʼ ἀλλύουσαν ἐφεύρομεν ἀγλαὸν ἱστόν. ὣς τὸ μὲν ἐξετέλεσσε καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλουσʼ, ὑπʼ ἀνάγκης. εὖθʼ φᾶρος ἔδειξεν, ὑφήνασα μέγαν ἱστόν, πλύνασʼ, ἠελίῳ ἐναλίγκιον ἠὲ σελήνῃ, καὶ τότε δή ῥʼ Ὀδυσῆα κακός ποθεν ἤγαγε δαίμων ἀγροῦ ἐπʼ ἐσχατιήν, ὅθι δώματα ναῖε συβώτης. ἔνθʼ ἦλθεν φίλος υἱὸς Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο, ἐκ Πύλου ἠμαθόεντος ἰὼν σὺν νηῒ μελαίνῃ· τὼ δὲ μνηστῆρσιν θάνατον κακὸν ἀρτύναντε ἵκοντο προτὶ ἄστυ περικλυτόν, τοι Ὀδυσσεὺς ὕστερος, αὐτὰρ Τηλέμαχος πρόσθʼ ἡγεμόνευε. τὸν δὲ συβώτης ἦγε κακὰ χροῒ εἵματʼ ἔχοντα, πτωχῷ λευγαλέῳ ἐναλίγκιον ἠδὲ γέροντι σκηπτόμενον· τὰ δὲ λυγρὰ περὶ χροῒ εἵματα ἕστο· οὐδέ τις ἡμείων δύνατο γνῶναι τὸν ἐόντα ἐξαπίνης προφανέντʼ, οὐδʼ οἳ προγενέστεροι ἦσαν, ἀλλʼ ἔπεσίν τε κακοῖσιν ἐνίσσομεν ἠδὲ βολῇσιν. αὐτὰρ τῆος ἐτόλμα ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἑοῖσι βαλλόμενος καὶ ἐνισσόμενος τετληότι θυμῷ· ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή μιν ἔγειρε Διὸς νοός αἰγιόχοιο, σὺν μὲν Τηλεμάχῳ περικαλλέα τεύχεʼ ἀείρας ἐς θάλαμον κατέθηκε καὶ ἐκλήϊσεν ὀχῆας, αὐτὰρ ἣν ἄλοχον πολυκερδείῃσιν ἄνωγε τόξον μνηστήρεσσι θέμεν πολιόν τε σίδηρον, ἡμῖν αἰνομόροισιν ἀέθλια καὶ φόνου ἀρχήν. οὐδέ τις ἡμείων δύνατο κρατεροῖο βιοῖο νευρὴν ἐντανύσαι, πολλὸν δʼ ἐπιδευέες ἦμεν. ἀλλʼ ὅτε χεῖρας ἵκανεν Ὀδυσσῆος μέγα τόξον, ἔνθʼ ἡμεῖς μὲν πάντες ὁμοκλέομεν ἐπέεσσι τόξον μὴ δόμεναι, μηδʼ εἰ μάλα πολλʼ ἀγορεύοι· Τηλέμαχος δέ μιν οἶος ἐποτρύνων ἐκέλευσεν. αὐτὰρ δέξατο χειρὶ πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς, ῥηϊδίως δʼ ἐτάνυσσε βιόν, διὰ δʼ ἧκε σιδήρου, στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ οὐδὸν ἰών, ταχέας δʼ ἐκχεύατʼ ὀϊστοὺς δεινὸν παπταίνων, βάλε δʼ Ἀντίνοον βασιλῆα. αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ ἄλλοις ἐφίει βέλεα στονόεντα, ἄντα τιτυσκόμενος· τοὶ δʼ ἀγχιστῖνοι ἔπιπτον. γνωτὸν δʼ ἦν ῥά τίς σφι θεῶν ἐπιτάρροθος ἦεν· αὐτίκα γὰρ κατὰ δώματʼ ἐπισπόμενοι μένεϊ σφῷ κτεῖνον ἐπιστροφάδην, τῶν δὲ στόνος ὤρνυτʼ ἀεικὴς κράτων τυπτομένων, δάπεδον δʼ ἅπαν αἵματι θῦεν. ὣς ἡμεῖς, Ἀγάμεμνον, ἀπωλόμεθʼ, ὧν ἔτι καὶ νῦν σώματʼ ἀκηδέα κεῖται ἐνὶ μεγάροις Ὀδυσῆος· οὐ γάρ πω ἴσασι φίλοι κατὰ δώμαθʼ ἑκάστου, οἵ κʼ ἀπονίψαντες μέλανα βρότον ἐξ ὠτειλέων κατθέμενοι γοάοιεν· γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων.
Lines 192–202
daughter of Icarius, in that she was loyally mindful of Odysseus, her wedded husband. Therefore the fame of her virtue shall never perish, but the immortals shall make among men on earth a pleasant song in honor of constant Penelope. Not on this wise did the daughter of Tyndareus devise evil deeds and slay her wedded husband, and hateful shall the song regarding her be among men, and evil repute doth she bring upon all womankind, even upon her that doeth uprightly.” Thus the two spoke to one another, as they stood in the house of Hades beneath the depths of the earth.
ὄλβιε Λαέρταο πάϊ, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ, ἄρα σὺν μεγάλῃ ἀρετῇ ἐκτήσω ἄκοιτιν. ὡς ἀγαθαὶ φρένες ἦσαν ἀμύμονι Πηνελοπείῃ, κούρῃ Ἰκαρίου· ὡς εὖ μέμνητʼ Ὀδυσῆος, ἀνδρὸς κουριδίου· τῷ οἱ κλέος οὔ ποτʼ ὀλεῖται ἧς ἀρετῆς, τεύξουσι δʼ ἐπιχθονίοισιν ἀοιδὴν ἀθάνατοι χαρίεσσαν ἐχέφρονι Πηνελοπείῃ, οὐχ ὡς Τυνδαρέου κούρη κακὰ μήσατο ἔργα, κουρίδιον κτείνασα πόσιν, στυγερὴ δέ τʼ ἀοιδὴ ἔσσετʼ ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους, χαλεπὴν δέ τε φῆμιν ὀπάσσει θηλυτέρῃσι γυναιξί, καὶ κʼ εὐεργὸς ἔῃσιν.
Lines 219–233
They thereafter went quickly to the house; but Odysseus drew near to the fruitful vineyard in his quest. Now he did not find Dolius as he went down into the great orchard, nor any of his slaves or of his sons, but as it chanced they had gone to gather stones for the vineyard wall, and the old man was their leader. But he found his father alone in the well-ordered vineyard, digging about a plant; and he was clothed in a foul tunic, patched and wretched, and about his shins he had bound stitched greaves of ox-hide to guard against scratches, and he wore gloves upon his hands because of the thorns, and on his head a goatskin cap; and he nursed his sorrow.
ὣς εἰπὼν δμώεσσιν ἀρήϊα τεύχεʼ ἔδωκεν. οἱ μὲν ἔπειτα δόμονδε θοῶς κίον, αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς ἆσσον ἴεν πολυκάρπου ἀλωῆς πειρητίζων. οὐδʼ εὗρεν Δολίον, μέγαν ὄρχατον ἐσκαταβαίνων, οὐδέ τινα δμώων οὐδʼ υἱῶν· ἀλλʼ ἄρα τοί γε αἱμασιὰς λέξοντες ἀλωῆς ἔμμεναι ἕρκος ᾤχοντʼ, αὐτὰρ τοῖσι γέρων ὁδὸν ἡγεμόνευε. τὸν δʼ οἶον πατέρʼ εὗρεν ἐϋκτιμένῃ ἐν ἀλωῇ, λιστρεύοντα φυτόν· ῥυπόωντα δὲ ἕστο χιτῶνα ῥαπτὸν ἀεικέλιον, περὶ δὲ κνήμῃσι βοείας κνημῖδας ῥαπτὰς δέδετο, γραπτῦς ἀλεείνων, χειρῖδάς τʼ ἐπὶ χερσὶ βάτων ἕνεκʼ· αὐτὰρ ὕπερθεν αἰγείην κυνέην κεφαλῇ ἔχε, πένθος ἀέξων. τὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς γήραϊ τειρόμενον, μέγα δὲ φρεσὶ πένθος ἔχοντα,
Lines 234–243
Then he debated in mind and heart whether to kiss and embrace his father, and tell him all, how he had returned and come to his native land, or whether he should first question him, and prove him in each thing. And, as he pondered, this seemed to him the better course, to prove him first with mocking words. So with this in mind the goodly Odysseus went straight toward him. He verily was holding his head down, digging about a plant, and his glorious son came up to him, and addressed him, saying: “Old man, no lack of skill hast thou to tend
στὰς ἄρʼ ὑπὸ βλωθρὴν ὄγχνην κατὰ δάκρυον εἶβε. μερμήριξε δʼ ἔπειτα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν κύσσαι καὶ περιφῦναι ἑὸν πατέρʼ, ἠδὲ ἕκαστα εἰπεῖν, ὡς ἔλθοι καὶ ἵκοιτʼ ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν, πρῶτʼ ἐξερέοιτο ἕκαστά τε πειρήσαιτο. ὧδε δέ οἱ φρονέοντι δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι, πρῶτον κερτομίοις ἐπέεσσιν πειρηθῆναι. τὰ φρονέων ἰθὺς κίεν αὐτοῦ δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς. τοι μὲν κατέχων κεφαλὴν φυτὸν ἀμφελάχαινε· τὸν δὲ παριστάμενος προσεφώνεε φαίδιμος υἱός·
Lines 345–350
So he spoke, and his father's knees were loosened where he stood, and his heart melted, as he knew the sure tokens which Odysseus told him. About his dear son he flung both his arms, and the much-enduring, goodly Odysseus caught him unto him fainting. But when he revived, and his spirit returned again into his breast, once more he made answer, and spoke, saying: “Father Zeus, verily ye gods yet hold sway on high Olympus, if indeed the wooers have paid the price of their wanton insolence. But now I have wondrous dread at heart, lest straightway all the men of Ithaca come hither against us, and
ὣς φάτο, τοῦ δʼ αὐτοῦ λύτο γούνατα καὶ φίλον ἦτορ, σήματʼ ἀναγνόντος τά οἱ ἔμπεδα πέφραδʼ Ὀδυσσεύς. ἀμφὶ δὲ παιδὶ φίλῳ βάλε πήχεε· τὸν δὲ ποτὶ οἷ εἷλεν ἀποψύχοντα πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς. αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἄμπνυτο καὶ ἐς φρένα θυμὸς ἀγέρθη, ἐξαῦτις μύθοισιν ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπε·
Lines 351–355
send messengers everywhere to the cities of the Cephallenians.” Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him, and said: “Be of good cheer, and let not these things distress thy heart. But let us go to the house, which lies near the orchard, for thither
Ζεῦ πάτερ, ῥα ἔτʼ ἔστε θεοὶ κατὰ μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον, εἰ ἐτεὸν μνηστῆρες ἀτάσθαλον ὕβριν ἔτισαν. νῦν δʼ αἰνῶς δείδοικα κατὰ φρένα μὴ τάχα πάντες ἐνθάδʼ ἐπέλθωσιν Ἰθακήσιοι, ἀγγελίας δὲ πάντη ἐποτρύνωσι Κεφαλλήνων πολίεσσι.
Lines 357–360
I sent forward Telemachus and the neatherd and the swineherd, that with all speed they might prepare our meal.” So spoke the two, and went their way to the goodly house. And when they had come to the stately house, they found Telemachus, and the neatherd, and the swineherd carving flesh in abundance, and mixing the flaming wine.
θάρσει, μή τοι ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι μελόντων. ἀλλʼ ἴομεν προτὶ οἶκον, ὃς ὀρχάτου ἐγγύθι κεῖται· ἔνθα δὲ Τηλέμαχον καὶ βουκόλον ἠδὲ συβώτην προὔπεμψʼ, ὡς ἂν δεῖπνον ἐφοπλίσσωσι τάχιστα.
Lines 376–382
with my armour about my shoulders, and had beaten back the wooers. So should I have loosened the knees of many of them in the halls, and thy heart would have been made glad within thee.” So they spoke to one another. But when the others had ceased from their labour, and had made ready the meal,
αἲ γάρ, Ζεῦ τε πάτερ καὶ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἄπολλον, οἷος Νήρικον εἷλον, ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον, ἀκτὴν ἠπείροιο, Κεφαλλήνεσσιν ἀνάσσων, τοῖος ἐών τοι χθιζὸς ἐν ἡμετέροισι δόμοισιν, τεύχεʼ ἔχων ὤμοισιν, ἐφεστάμεναι καὶ ἀμύνειν ἄνδρας μνηστῆρας· τῷ κε σφέων γούνατʼ ἔλυσα πολλῶν ἐν μεγάροισι, σὺ δὲ φρένας ἔνδον ἐγήθεις.
Lines 423–425
Weeping for him he addressed their assembly and said: “Friends, a monstrous deed has this man of a truth devised against the Achaeans. Some he led forth in his ships, many men and goodly, and he has lost his hollow ships and utterly lost his men; and others again has he slain on his return, and these by far the best of the Cephallenians.
παιδὸς γάρ οἱ ἄλαστον ἐνὶ φρεσὶ πένθος ἔκειτο, Ἀντινόου, τὸν πρῶτον ἐνήρατο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς· τοῦ γε δάκρυ χέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·
Lines 426–437
Nay then, come, before the fellow goes swiftly to Pylos or to goodly Elis, where the Epeans hold sway, let us go forth; verily even in days to come shall we be disgraced forever. For a shame is this even for men that are yet to be to hear of, if we shall not take vengeance on the slayers of our sons and our brothers. To me surely life would then no more be sweet; rather would I die at once and be among the dead. Nay, let us forth, lest they be too quick for us, and cross over the sea.” So he spoke, weeping, and pity laid hold of all the Achaeans. Then near them came Medon and the divine minstrel
φίλοι, μέγα ἔργον ἀνὴρ ὅδʼ ἐμήσατʼ Ἀχαιούς· τοὺς μὲν σὺν νήεσσιν ἄγων πολέας τε καὶ ἐσθλοὺς ὤλεσε μὲν νῆας γλαφυράς, ἀπὸ δʼ ὤλεσε λαούς· τοὺς δʼ ἐλθὼν ἔκτεινε Κεφαλλήνων ὄχʼ ἀρίστους, ἀλλʼ ἄγετε, πρὶν τοῦτον ἐς Πύλον ὦκα ἱκέσθαι καὶ ἐς Ἤλιδα δῖαν, ὅθι κρατέουσιν Ἐπειοί, ἴομεν· καὶ ἔπειτα κατηφέες ἐσσόμεθʼ αἰεί· λώβη γὰρ τάδε γʼ ἐστὶ καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι, εἰ δὴ μὴ παίδων τε κασιγνήτων τε φονῆας τισόμεθʼ. οὐκ ἂν ἐμοί γε μετὰ φρεσὶν ἡδὺ γένοιτο ζωέμεν, ἀλλὰ τάχιστα θανὼν φθιμένοισι μετείην. ἀλλʼ ἴομεν, μὴ φθέωσι περαιωθέντες ἐκεῖνοι.
Lines 463–472
for his speech was not to their mind, but they hearkened to Eupeithes, and quickly thereafter they rushed for their arms. Then when they had clothed their bodies in gleaming bronze, they gathered together in front of the spacious city. And Eupeithes led them in his folly, for he thought to avenge the slaying of his son; yet he was himself never more to come back, but was there to meet his doom. But Athena spoke to Zeus, son of Cronos, saying: “Father of us all, thou son of Cronos, high above all lords, tell to me that ask thee what purpose thy mind now hides within thee.
ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀνήϊξαν μεγάλῳ ἀλαλητῷ ἡμίσεων πλείους· τοὶ δʼ ἀθρόοι αὐτόθι μίμνον· οὐ γὰρ σφιν ἅδε μῦθος ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἀλλʼ Εὐπείθει πείθοντʼ· αἶψα δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἐπὶ τεύχεα ἐσσεύοντο. αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἕσσαντο περὶ χροῒ νώροπα χαλκόν, ἀθρόοι ἠγερέθοντο πρὸ ἄστεος εὐρυχόροιο. τοῖσιν δʼ Εὐπείθης ἡγήσατο νηπιέῃσι· φῆ δʼ γε τίσεσθαι παιδὸς φόνον, οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλεν ἂψ ἀπονοστήσειν, ἀλλʼ αὐτοῦ πότμον ἐφέψειν. αὐτὰρ Ἀθηναίη Ζῆνα Κρονίωνα προσηύδα·
Lines 37–48
ἔσχεν. αἰδοῖος μὲν ἦν ἀστοῖς ὁμιλεῖν, ἱπποτροφίας τε νομίζων ἐν Πανελλάνων νόμῳ· καὶ θεῶν δαῖτας προσέπτυκτο πάσας· οὐδέ ποτε ξενίαν οὖρος ἐμπνεύσαις ὑπέστειλʼ ἱστίον ἀμφὶ τράπεζαν· ἀλλʼ ἐπέρα ποτὶ μὲν Φᾶσιν θερείαις, ἐν δὲ χειμῶνι πλέων Νείλου πρὸς ἀκτάς. μή νυν, ὅτι φθονεραὶ θνατῶν φρένας ἀμφικρέμανται ἐλπίδες, μήτʼ ἀρετάν ποτε σιγάτω πατρῴαν, μηδὲ τούσδʼ ὕμνους· ἐπεί τοι οὐκ ἐλινύσοντας αὐτοὺς εἰργασάμαν. ταῦτα, Νικάσιππʼ, ἀπόνειμον, ὅταν ξεῖνον ἐμὸν ἠθαῖον ἔλθῃς.
Lines 1–18
εἴ τις ἀνδρῶν εὐτυχήσαις σὺν εὐδόξοις ἀέθλοις σθένει πλούτου κατέχει φρασὶν αἰανῆ κόρον, ἄξιος εὐλογίαις ἀστῶν μεμίχθαι. Ζεῦ, μεγάλαι δʼ ἀρεταὶ θνατοῖς ἕπονται ἐκ σέθεν· ζώει δὲ μάσσων ὄλβος ὀπιζομένων, πλαγίαις δὲ φρένεσσιν οὐχ ὁμῶς πάντα χρόνον θάλλων ὁμιλεῖ. εὐκλέων δʼ ἔργων ἄποινα χρὴ μὲν ὑμνῆσαι τὸν ἐσλόν, χρὴ δὲ κωμάζοντʼ ἀγαναῖς χαρίτεσσιν βαστάσαι. ἔστι δὲ καὶ διδύμων ἀέ θλων Μελίσσῳ μοῖρα πρὸς εὐφροσύναν τρέψαι γλυκεῖαν ἦτορ, ἐν βάσσαισιν Ἰσθμοῦ δεξαμένῳ στεφάνους, τὰ δὲ κοίλᾳ λέοντος ἐν βαθυστέρνου νάπᾳ κάρυξε Θήβαν ἱπποδρομίᾳ κρατέων. ἀνδρῶν δʼ ἀρετὰν σύμφυτον οὐ κατελέγχει. ἴστε μὰν Κλεωνύμου δόξαν παλαιὰν ἅρμασιν· καὶ ματρόθε Λαβδακίδαισιν σύννομοι πλούτου διέστειχον τετραοριᾶν πόνοις. αἰὼν δὲ κυλινδομέναις ἁμέραις ἄλλʼ ἄλλοτʼ ἐξάλλαξεν· ἄτρωτοί γε μὰν παῖδες θεῶν.
Lines 61–72
τρεῖς ἀπʼ Ἰσθμοῦ, τὰς δʼ ἀπʼ εὐφύλλου Νεμέας, ἀγλαοὶ παῖδές τε καὶ μάτρως· ἀνὰ δʼ ἄγαγον ἐς φάος οἵαν μοῖραν ὕμνων· τὰν Ψαλυχιδᾶν δὲ πάτραν Χαρίτων ἄρδοντι καλλίστᾳ δρόσῳ, τόν τε Θεμιστίου ὀρθώσαντες οἶκον τάνδε πόλιν θεοφιλῆ ναίοισι. Λάμπων δὲ μελέταν ἔργοις ὀπάζων Ἡσιόδου μάλα τιμᾷ τοῦτʼ ἔπος, υἱοῖσί τε φράζων παραινεῖ, ξυνὸν ἄστει κόσμον ἑῷ προσάγων, καὶ ξένων εὐεργεσίαις ἀγαπᾶται, μέτρα μὲν γνώμᾳ διώκων, μέτρα δὲ καὶ κατέχων· γλῶσσα δʼ οὐκ ἔξω φρενῶν· φαίης κέ νιν ἀνδράσιν ἀθληταῖσιν ἔμμεν
Lines 25–36
ἀρίστευον υἱέες υἱέων τʼ ἀρηΐφιλοι παῖδες ἀνορέᾳ χάλκεον στονόεντʼ ἀμφέπειν ὅμαδον· σώφρονές τʼ ἐγένοντο πινυτοί τε θυμόν. ταῦτα καὶ μακάρων ἐμέμναντʼ ἀγοραί, Ζεὺς ὅτʼ ἀμφὶ Θέτιος ἀγλαός τʼ ἔρισαν Ποσειδᾶν γάμῳ, ἄλοχον εὐειδέʼ ἐθέλων ἑκάτερος ἑὰν ἔμμεν· ἔρως γὰρ ἔχεν. ἀλλʼ οὔ σφιν ἄμβροτοι τέλεσαν εὐνὰν θεῶν πραπίδες, ἐπεὶ θεσφάτων ἐπάκουσαν· εἶπε δʼ εὔβουλος ἐν μέσοισι Θέμις, οὕνεκεν πεπρωμένον ἦν φέρτερον γόνον ἄνακτα πατρὸς τεκεῖν ποντίαν θεόν, ὃς κεραυνοῦ τε κρέσσον ἄλλο βέλος διώξει χερὶ τριόδοντός τʼ ἀμαιμακέτου, Δί τε μισγομέναν Διὸς παρʼ ἀδελφεοῖσιν.— ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν παύσατε· βροτέων δὲ λεχέων τυχοῖσα υἱὸν εἰσιδέτω θανόντʼ ἐν πολέμῳ,
Lines 37–48
Τελαμὼν Ἰόλᾳ παραστάτας ἐὼν ἔπερσεν· καί ποτε χαλκότοξον Ἀμαζόνων μετʼ ἀλκὰν ἕπετό οἱ· οὐδέ νίν ποτε φόβος ἀνδροδάμας ἔπαυσεν ἀκμὰν φρενῶν. συγγενεῖ δέ τις εὐδοξίᾳ μέγα βρίθει· ὃς δὲ διδάκτʼ ἔχει, ψεφηνὸς ἀνὴρ ἄλλοτʼ ἄλλα πνέων οὔ ποτʼ ἀτρεκεῖ κατέβα ποδί, μυριᾶν δʼ ἀρετᾶν ἀτελεῖ νόῳ γεύεται. ξανθὸς δʼ Ἀχιλεὺς τὰ μὲν μένων Φιλύρας ἐν δόμοις παῖς ἐὼν ἄθυρε μεγάλα ἔργα, χερσὶ θαμινὰ βραχυσίδαρον ἄκοντα πάλλων, ἴσα τʼ ἀνέμοις μάχᾳ λεόντεσσιν ἀγροτέροις ἔπρασσεν φόνον, κάπρους τʼ ἔναιρε, σώματα δὲ παρὰ Κρονίδαν Κένταυρον ἀσθμαίνοντα κόμιζεν,
Lines 1–12
Δαναοῦ πόλιν ἀγλαοθρόνων τε πεντήκοντα κορᾶν, Χάριτες, Ἄργος Ἥρας δῶμα θεοπρεπὲς ὑμνεῖτε· φλέγεται δʼ ἀρεταῖς μυρίαις ἔργων θρασέων ἕνεκεν. μακρὰ μὲν τὰ Περσέος ἀμφὶ Μεδοίσας Γοργόνος· πολλὰ δʼ Αἰγύπτῳ καταοίκισθεν ἄστη ταῖς Ἐπάφου παλάμαις· οὐδʼ Ὑπερμνήστρα παρεπλάγχθη, μονόψαφον ἐν κολεῷ κατασχοῖσα ξίφος. Διομήδεα δʼ ἄμβροτον ξανθά ποτε Γλαυκῶπις ἔθηκε θεόν· γαῖα δʼ ἐν Θήβαις ὑπέδεκτο κεραυνωθεῖσα Διὸς βέλεσιν μάντιν Οἰκλείδαν, πολέμοιο νέφος· καὶ γυναιξὶν καλλικόμοισιν ἀριστεύει πάλαι· Ζεὺς ἐπʼ Ἀλκμήναν Δανάαν τε μολὼν τοῦτον κατέφανε λόγον· πατρὶ δʼ Ἀδράστοιο Λυγκεῖ τε φρενῶν καρπὸν εὐθείᾳ συνάρμοξεν δίκᾳ·
Lines 25–36
ἐκράτησε δὲ καί ποθʼ Ἕλλανα στρατὸν Πυθῶνι, τύχᾳ τε μολὼν καὶ τὸν Ἰσθμοῖ καὶ Νεμέᾳ στέφανον, Μοίσαισί τʼ ἔδωκʼ ἀρόσαι, τρὶς μὲν ἐν πόντοιο πύλαισι λαχών, τρὶς δὲ καὶ σεμνοῖς δαπέδοις ἐν Ἀδραστείῳ νόμῳ. Ζεῦ πάτερ, τῶν μὰν ἔραται φρενί, σιγᾷ οἱ στόμα· πᾶν δὲ τέλος ἐν τὶν ἔργων· οὐδʼ, ἀμόχθῳ καρδίᾳ προσφέρων τόλμαν, παραιτεῖται χάριν· γνώτʼ ἀείδω οἷ τε καὶ ὅστις ἁμιλλᾶται περὶ ἐσχάτων ἄθλων κορυφαῖς· ὕπατον δʼ ἔσχεν Πίσα Ἡρακλέος τεθμόν· ἁδεῖαί γε μὲν ἀμβολάδαν ἐν τελεταῖς δὶς Ἀθαναίων νιν ὀμφαὶ κώμασαν· γαίᾳ δὲ καυθείσᾳ πυρὶ καρπὸς ἐλαίας ἔμολεν Ἥρας τὸν εὐάνορα λαὸν ἐν ἀγγέων ἕρκεσιν παμποικίλοις.
Lines 13–24
καί νυν ὑπʼ ἀμφοτέρων σὺν Διαγόρᾳ κατέβαν τὰν ποντίαν ὑμνέων παῖδʼ Ἀφροδίτας Ἀελίοιό τε νύμφαν, Ῥόδον, εὐθυμάχαν ὄφρα πελώριον ἄνδρα παρʼ Ἀλφεῷ στεφανωσάμενον αἰνέσω πυγμᾶς ἄποινα καὶ παρὰ Κασταλίᾳ, πατέρα τε Δαμάγητον ἁδόντα Δίκᾳ, Ἀσίας εὐρυχόρου τρίπολιν νᾶσον πέλας ἐμβόλῳ ναίοντας Ἀργείᾳ σὺν αἰχμᾷ. ἐθελήσω τοῖσιν ἐξ ἀρχᾶς ἀπὸ Τλαπολέμου ξυνὸν ἀγγέλλων διορθῶσαι λόγον, Ἡρακλέος εὐρυσθενεῖ γέννᾳ. τὸ μὲν γὰρ πατρόθεν ἐκ Διὸς εὔχονται· τὸ δʼ Ἀμυντορίδαι ματρόθεν Ἀστυδαμείας. ἀμφὶ δʼ ἀνθρώπων φρασὶν ἀμπλακίαι
Lines 25–36
ἀναρίθμητοι κρέμανται· τοῦτο δʼ ἀμάχανον εὑρεῖν, τι νῦν ἐν καὶ τελευτᾷ φέρτατον ἀνδρὶ τυχεῖν. καὶ γὰρ Ἀλκμήνας κασίγνητον νόθον σκάπτῳ θένων σκληρᾶς ἐλαίας ἔκτανʼ ἐν Τίρυνθι Λικύμνιον ἐλθόντʼ ἐκ θαλάμων Μιδέας τᾶσδέ ποτε χθονὸς οἰκιστὴρ χολωθείς. αἱ δὲ φρενῶν ταραχαὶ παρέπλαγξαν καὶ σοφόν. μαντεύσατο δʼ ἐς θεὸν ἐλθών. τῷ μὲν Χρυσοκόμας εὐώδεος ἐξ ἀδύτου ναῶν πλόον εἶπε Λερναίας ἀπʼ ἀκτᾶς εὐθὺν ἐς ἀμφιθάλασσον νομόν, ἔνθα ποτὲ βρέχε θεῶν βασιλεὺς μέγας χρυσέαις νιφάδεσσι πόλιν, ἁνίχʼ Ἁφαίστου τέχναισιν χαλκελάτῳ πελέκει πατέρος Αθαναία κορυφὰν κατʼ ἄκραν
Lines 61–72
κουφότεραι γὰρ ἀπειράτων φρένες. κεῖνα δὲ κεῖνος ἂν εἴποι ἔργα περαίτερον ἄλλων, τίς τρόπος ἄνδρα προβάσει ἐξ ἱερῶν ἀέθλων μέλλοντα ποθεινοτάταν δόξαν φέρειν. νῦν μὲν αὐτῷ γέρας Ἀλκιμέδων νίκαν τριακοστὰν ἑλών· ὃς τύχᾳ μὲν δαίμονος, ἀνορέας δʼ οὐκ ἀμπλακὼν ἐν τέτρασιν παίδων ἀπεθήκατο γυίοις νόστον ἔχθιστον καὶ ἀτιμοτέραν γλῶσσαν καὶ ἐπίκρυφον οἶμον, πατρὶ δὲ πατρὸς ἐνέπνευσεν μένος γήραος ἀντίπαλον. Ἀΐδα τοι λάθεται
Lines 1–21
ἔστιν ἀνθρώποις ἀνέμων ὅτε πλείστα χρῆσις, ἔστιν δʼ οὐρανίων ὑδάτων, ὀμβρίων παίδων νεφέλας. εἰ δὲ σὺν πόνῳ τις εὖ πράσσοι, μελιγάρυες ὕμνοι ὑστέρων ἀρχὰ λόγων τέλλεται καὶ πιστὸν ὅρκιον μεγάλαις ἀρεταῖς. ἀφθόνητος δʼ αἶνος Ὀλυμπιονίκαις οὗτος ἄγκειται. τὰ μὲν ἁμετέρα γλῶσσα ποιμαίνειν ἐθέλει· ἐκ θεοῦ δʼ ἀνὴρ σοφαῖς ἀνθεῖ πραπίδεσσιν ὁμοίως. ἴσθι νῦν, Ἀρχεστράτου παῖ, τεᾶς, Ἁγησίδαμε, πυγμαχίας ἕνεκεν κόσμον ἐπὶ στεφάνῳ χρυσέας ἐλαίας ἁδυμελῆ κελαδήσω, Ζεφυρίων, Λοκρῶν γενεὰν ἀλέγων. ἔνθα συγκωμάξατʼ· ἐγγυάσομαι ὔμμιν, Μοῖσαι, φυγόξενον στρατὸν μηδʼ ἀπείρατον καλῶν, ἀκρόσοφον δὲ καὶ αἰχματὰν ἀφίξεσθαι. τὸ γὰρ ἐμφυὲς οὔτʼ αἴθων ἀλώπηξ οὔτʼ ἐρίβρομοι λέοντες διαλλάξαντο ἦθος.
Lines 49–60
θεὸς ἅπαν ἐπὶ ἐλπίδεσσι τέκμαρ ἀνύεται, θεός, καὶ πτερόεντʼ αἰετὸν κίχε, καὶ θαλασσαῖον παραμείβεται δελφῖνα, καὶ ὑψιφρόνων τινʼ ἔκαμψε βροτῶν, ἑτέροισι δὲ κῦδος ἀγήραον παρέδωκʼ. ἐμὲ δὲ χρεὼν φεύγειν δάκος ἀδινὸν κακαγοριᾶν. εἶδον γὰρ ἑκὰς ἐὼν τὰ πόλλʼ ἐν ἀμαχανίᾳ ψογερὸν Ἀρχίλοχον βαρυλόγοις ἔχθεσιν πιαινόμενον· τὸ πλουτεῖν δὲ σὺν τύχᾳ πότμου σοφίας ἄριστον. τὺ δὲ σάφα νιν ἔχεις, ἐλευθέρᾳ φρενὶ πεπαρεῖν, πρύτανι κύριε πολλᾶν μὲν εὐστεφάνων ἀγυιᾶν καὶ στρατοῦ. εἰ δέ τις ἤδη κτεάτεσσί τε καὶ περὶ τιμᾷ λέγει ἕτερόν τινʼ ἀνʼ Ἑλλάδα τῶν πάροιθε γενέσθαι ὑπέρτερον,
Lines 73–84
καλός. δὲ Ῥαδάμανθυς εὖ πέπραγεν, ὅτι φρενῶν ἔλαχε καρπὸν ἀμώμητον, οὐδʼ ἀπάταισι θυμὸν τέρπεται ἔνδοθεν· οἷα ψιθύρων παλάμαις ἕπετʼ αἰεὶ βροτῷ. ἄμαχον κακὸν ἀμφοτέροις διαβολιᾶν ὑποφάτιες, ὀργαῖς ἀτενὲς ἀλωπέκων ἴκελοι. κερδοῖ δὲ τί μάλα τοῦτο κερδαλέον τελέθει; ἅτε γὰρ εἰνάλιον πόνον ἐχοίσας βαθὺν σκευᾶς ἑτέρας, ἀβάπτιστός εἰμι, φελλὸς ὣς ὑπὲρ ἕρκος ἅλμας. ἀδύνατα δʼ ἔπος ἐκβαλεῖν κραταιὸν ἐν ἀγαθοῖς δόλιον ἀστόν· ὅμως μὰν σαίνων ποτὶ πάντας, ἄταν πάγχυ διαπλέκει. οὔ οἱ μετέχω θράσεος· φίλον εἴη φιλεῖν· ποτὶ δʼ ἐχθρὸν ἅτʼ ἐχθρὸς ἐὼν λύκοιο δίκαν ὑποθεύσομαι,
Lines 1–12
ἤθελον Χείρωνά κε Φιλλυρίδαν, εἰ χρεὼν τοῦθʼ ἁμετέρας ἀπὸ γλώσσας κοινὸν εὔξασθαι ἔπος, ζώειν τὸν ἀποιχόμενον, Οὐρανίδα γόνον εὐρυμέδοντα Κρόνου, βάσσαισί τʼ ἄρχειν Παλίου Φῆρʼ ἀγρότερον, νοῦν ἔχοντʼ ἀνδρῶν φίλον· οἷος ἐὼν θρέψεν ποτὲ τέκτονα νωδυνίας ἅμερον γυιαρκέος Ἀσκλήπιον, ἥρωα παντοδαπᾶν ἀλκτῆρα νούσων. τὸν μὲν εὐΐππου Φλεγύα θυγάτηρ πρὶν τελέσσαι ματροπόλῳ σὺν Ἐλειθυίᾳ, δαμεῖσα χρυσέοις τόξοισιν ὕπʼ Ἀρτέμιδος, εἰς Ἀΐδα δόμον ἐν θαλάμῳ κατέβα τέχναις Ἀπόλλωνος. χόλος δʼ οὐκ ἀλίθιος γίνεται παίδων Διός. δʼ ἀποφλαυρίξαισά νιν
Lines 49–60
χερμάδι τηλεβόλῳ, θερινῷ πυρὶ περθόμενοι δέμας χειμῶνι, λύσαις ἄλλον ἀλλοίων ἀχέων ἔξαγεν, τοὺς μὲν μαλακαῖς ἐπαοιδαῖς ἀμφέπων, τοὺς δὲ προσανέα πίνοντας, γυίοις περάπτων πάντοθεν φάρμακα, τοὺς δὲ τομαῖς ἔστασεν ὀρθούς. ἀλλὰ κέρδει καὶ σοφία δέδεται. ἔτραπεν καὶ κεῖνον ἀγάνορι μισθῷ χρυσὸς ἐν χερσὶν φανεὶς ἄνδρʼ ἐκ θανάτου κομίσαι ἤδη ἁλωκότα· χερσὶ δʼ ἄρα Κρονίων ῥίψαις διʼ ἀμφοῖν ἀμπνοὰν στέρνων κάθελεν ὠκέως, αἴθων δὲ κεραυνὸς ἐνέσκιμψεν μόρον. χρὴ τὰ ἐοικότα πὰρ δαιμόνων μαστευέμεν θναταῖς φρασίν, γνόντα τὸ πὰρ ποδός, οἵας εἰμὲν αἴσας.
Lines 97–108
τὸν μὲν ὀξείαισι θύγατρες ἐρήμωσαν πάθαις εὐφροσύνας μέρος αἱ τρεῖς· ἀτὰρ λευκωλένῳ γε Ζεὺς πατὴρ ἤλυθεν ἐς λέχος ἱμερτὸν Θυώνᾳ. τοῦ δὲ παῖς, ὅνπερ μόνον ἀθανάτα τίκτεν ἐν Φθίᾳ Θέτις, ἐν πολέμῳ τόξοις ἀπὸ ψυχὰν λιπὼν ὦρσεν πυρὶ καιόμενος ἐκ Δαναῶν γόον. εἰ δὲ νόῳ τις ἔχει θνατῶν ἀλαθείας ὁδόν, χρὴ πρὸς μακάρων τυγχάνοντʼ εὖ πασχέμεν. ἄλλοτε δʼ ἀλλοῖαι πνοαὶ ὑψιπετᾶν ἀνέμων. ὄλβος οὐκ ἐς μακρὸν ἀνδρῶν ἔρχεται σάος , πολὺς εὖτʼ ἂν ἐπιβρίσαις ἕπηται. σμικρὸς ἐν σμικροῖς, μέγας ἐν μεγάλοις ἔσσομαι· τὸν ἀμφέποντʼ αἰεὶ φρασὶν
Lines 37–48
χειρί οἱ χεῖρʼ ἀντερείσαις δέξατο βώλακα δαιμονίαν. πεύθομαι δʼ αὐτὰν κατακλυσθεῖσαν ἐκ δούρατος ἐναλίαν βᾶμεν σὺν ἅλμᾳ ἑσπέρας, ὑγρῷ πελάγει σπομέναν. μάν νιν ὤτρυνον θαμὰ λυσιπόνοις θεραπόντεσσιν φυλάξαι· τῶν δʼ ἐλάθοντο φρένες· καί νυν ἐν τᾷδʼ ἄφθιτον νάσῳ κέχυται Λιβύας εὐρυχόρου σπέρμα πρὶν ὥρας· εἰ γὰρ οἴκοι νιν βάλε πὰρ χθόνιον Ἄιδα στόμα, Ταίναρον εἰς ἱερὰν Εὔφαμος ἐλθών, υἱὸς ἱππάρχου Ποσειδάωνος ἄναξ, τόν ποτʼ Εὐρώπα Τιτυοῦ θυγάτηρ τίκτε Καφισοῦ παρʼ ὄχθαις· τετράτων παίδων κʼ ἐπιγινομένων αἷμά οἱ κείναν λάβε σὺν Δαναοῖς εὐρεῖαν ἄπειρον. τότε γὰρ μεγάλας
Lines 109–120
πεύθομαι γάρ νιν Πελίαν ἄθεμιν λευκαῖς πιθήσαντα φρασὶν ἁμετέρων ἀποσυλᾶσαι βιαίως ἀρχεδικᾶν τοκέων· τοί μʼ, ἐπεὶ πάμπρωτον εἶδον φέγγος, ὑπερφιάλου ἁγεμόνος δείσαντες ὕβριν, κᾶδος ὡσείτε φθιμένου δνοφερὸν ἐν δώμασι θηκάμενοι, μίγα κωκυτῷ γυναικῶν κρύβδα πέμπον σπαργάνοις ἐν πορφυρέοις, νυκτὶ κοινάσαντες ὁδόν, Κρονίδᾳ δὲ τράφεν Χείρωνι δῶκαν. ἀλλὰ τούτων μὲν κεφάλαια λόγων ἴστε. λευκίππων δὲ δόμους πατέρων, κεδνοὶ πολῖται, φράσσατέ μοι σαφέως· Αἴσονος γὰρ παῖς ἐπιχώριος οὐ ξείναν ἱκάνω γαῖαν ἄλλων. Φὴρ δέ με θεῖος Ἰάσονα κικλήσκων προσηύδα. ὣς φάτο. τὸν μὲν ἐσελθόντʼ ἔγνον ὀφθαλμοὶ πατρός.
Lines 133–144
συγγενέσιν παρεκοινᾶθʼ· οἱ δʼ ἐπέσποντʼ· αἶψα δʼ ἀπὸ κλισιᾶν ὦρτο σὺν κείνοισι. καί ῥʼ ἦλθον Πελία μέγαρον· ἐσσύμενοι δʼ εἴσω κατέσταν. τῶν δʼ ἀκούσαις αὐτὸς ὑπαντίασεν Τυροῦς ἐρασιπλοκάμου γενεά· πραῢν δʼ Ἰάσων μαλθακᾷ φωνᾷ ποτιστάζων ὄαρον βάλλετο κρηπῖδα σοφῶν ἐπέων· παῖ Ποσειδᾶνος Πετραίου, ἐντὶ μὲν θνατῶν φρένες ὠκύτεραι κέρδος αἰνῆσαι πρὸ δίκας δόλιον, τραχεῖαν ἑρπόντων πρὸς ἔπιβδαν ὅμως· ἀλλʼ ἐμὲ χρὴ καὶ σὲ θεμισσαμένους ὀργὰς ὑφαίνειν λοιπὸν ὄλβον. εἰδότι τοι ἐρέω· μία βοῦς Κρηθεῖ τε μάτηρ καὶ θρασυμήδεϊ Σαλμωνεῖ· τρίταισιν δʼ ἐν γοναῖς ἄμμες αὖ κείνων φυτευθέντες σθένος ἀελίου χρύσεον
Lines 49–50
σοφίαν δʼ ἐν μυχοῖσι Πιερίδων· τίν τʼ, Ἐλέλιχθον, ἃς εὗρες ἱππίας ἐσόδους, μάλα ἁδόντι νόῳ, Ποσειδᾶν, προσέχεται. γλυκεῖα δὲ φρὴν καὶ συμπόταισιν ὁμιλεῖν μελισσᾶν ἀμείβεται τρητὸν πόνον.
Lines 25–36
ὕπνον ἀναλίσκοισα ῥέποντα πρὸς ἀῶ. κίχε νιν λέοντί ποτʼ εὐρυφαρέτρας ὀμβρίμῳ μούναν παλαίοισαν ἄτερ ἐγχέων ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων. αὐτίκα δʼ ἐκ μεγάρων Χείρωνα προσέννεπε φωνᾷ. σεμνὸν ἄντρον, Φιλλυρίδα, προλιπὼν θυμὸν γυναικὸς καὶ μεγάλαν δύνασιν θαύμασον, οἷον ἀταρβεῖ νεῖκος ἄγει κεφαλᾷ, μόχθου καθύπερθε νεᾶνις ἦτορ ἔχοισα· φόβῳ δʼ οὐ κεχείμανται φρένες. τίς νιν ἀνθρώπων τέκεν; ποίας δʼ ἀποσπασθεῖσα φύτλας ὀρέων κευθμῶνας ἔχει σκιοέντων, γεύεται δʼ ἀλκᾶς ἀπειράντου; ὁσία κλυτὰν χέρα οἱ προσενεγκεῖν,