κλαίω
klaio
To weep — tears as pressure relief from the sealed vessel
Etymology
Weeping in Homer is not weakness but hydraulics. The sealed thumos builds pressure under grief; tears provide discharge. Odysseus weeps whenever the vessel reaches capacity — on Calypso's shore (Od. 5.151), at the Phaeacian songs (Od. 8.521).
Why klaio matters
Klaio in Homer is not an expression of weakness but a physiological necessity — the Odyssey's repeated scenes of weeping track a hydraulic model in which accumulated grief, if not discharged, threatens the body that holds it. Odysseus weeps on Calypso's shore daily, not because the emotion is fresh but because the pressure of it is ongoing and requires release. The Homeric phrase κλαῖε... τέρπετο (he wept... and was satisfied) captures the paradox: grief gives pleasure when it flows, pain when it cannot. This is the archaic theory of catharsis before Aristotle named it, klaiō being the valve that allows the thumos to remain functional under load.
klaio in the corpus
Grammatical voice
When klaio appears in the middle voice, the subject acts upon or for itself — the grammatical home of interiority.
Which characters in Homer use klaio most?
Related terms
Distribution by work
Key passages
Showing 30 of 103 passages containing κλαίω.
αἰδοῖός τέ μοί ἐσσι φίλε ἑκυρὲ δεινός τε· ὡς ὄφελεν θάνατός μοι ἁδεῖν κακὸς ὁππότε δεῦρο υἱέϊ σῷ ἑπόμην θάλαμον γνωτούς τε λιποῦσα παῖδά τε τηλυγέτην καὶ ὁμηλικίην ἐρατεινήν. ἀλλὰ τά γʼ οὐκ ἐγένοντο· ...
and my daughter, well-beloved,2 and the lovely companions of my girlhood. But that was not to be; wherefore I pine away with weeping. Howbeit this will I tell thee, whereof thou dost ask and enquire....
οὐδʼ εἴα κλαίειν Πρίαμος μέγας· οἳ δὲ σιωπῇ νεκροὺς πυρκαϊῆς ἐπινήνεον ἀχνύμενοι κῆρ, ἐν δὲ πυρὶ πρήσαντες ἔβαν προτὶ Ἴλιον ἱρήν. ὣς δʼ αὔτως ἑτέρωθεν ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ νεκροὺς πυρκαϊῆς ἐπινήνεον ἀχνύ...
And in like manner over against them the well-greaved Achaeans heaped the corpses upon the pyre, their hearts sore stricken, and when they had burned them with fire they went their way to the hollow s...
καὶ λίην οὗτός γε μένος θυμόν τʼ ὀλέσειε χερσὶν ὑπʼ Ἀργείων φθίμενος ἐν πατρίδι γαίῃ· ἀλλὰ πατὴρ οὑμὸς φρεσὶ μαίνεται οὐκ ἀγαθῇσι σχέτλιος, αἰὲν ἀλιτρός, ἐμῶν μενέων ἀπερωεύς· οὐδέ τι τῶν μέμνηται, ὅ ...
howbeit mine own father rageth with evil mind, cruel that he is, ever froward, a thwarter of my purposes; neither hath he any memory of this, that full often I saved his son when he was fordone by rea...
ὣς τώ γε κλαίοντε προσαυδήτην βασιλῆα μειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσιν· ἀμείλικτον δʼ ὄπʼ ἄκουσαν·
ὣς ἄρʼ ἐφώνησεν, λῦσεν δʼ ἀγορὴν αἰψηρήν. οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐσκίδναντο ἑὴν ἐπὶ νῆα ἕκαστος, δῶρα δὲ Μυρμιδόνες μεγαλήτορες ἀμφεπένοντο, βὰν δʼ ἐπὶ νῆα φέροντες Ἀχιλλῆος θείοιο. καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν κλισίῃσι θέσαν, ...
And they bestowed them in the huts, and set the women there, and the horses proud squires drave off to the herd. But Briseis, that was like unto golden Aphrodite, when she had sight of Patroclus mangl...
Πάτροκλέ μοι δειλῇ πλεῖστον κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ ζωὸν μέν σε ἔλειπον ἐγὼ κλισίηθεν ἰοῦσα, νῦν δέ σε τεθνηῶτα κιχάνομαι ὄρχαμε λαῶν ἂψ ἀνιοῦσʼ· ὥς μοι δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ αἰεί. ἄνδρα μὲν ᾧ ἔδοσάν με πατ...
as I return thereto: thus for me doth evil ever follow hard on evil. My husband, unto whom my father and queenly mother gave me, I beheld mangled with the sharp bronze before our city, and my three br...
ὣς ἔφατο κλαίουσʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ στενάχοντο γυναῖκες Πάτροκλον πρόφασιν, σφῶν δʼ αὐτῶν κήδεʼ ἑκάστη. αὐτὸν δʼ ἀμφὶ γέροντες Ἀχαιῶν ἠγερέθοντο λισσόμενοι δειπνῆσαι· ὃ δʼ ἠρνεῖτο στεναχίζων·
ὣς ἔφατο κλαίων, ἐπὶ δὲ στενάχοντο γέροντες, μνησάμενοι τὰ ἕκαστος ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἔλειπον· μυρομένους δʼ ἄρα τούς γε ἰδὼν ἐλέησε Κρονίων, αἶψα δʼ Ἀθηναίην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·
And as they mourned the son of Cronos had sight of them, and was touched with pity; and forthwith he spake winged words unto Athene: My child, lo thou forsakest utterly thine own warrior. Is there the...
Πηλεΐδη μὴ δὴ ἐπέεσσί με νηπύτιον ὣς ἔλπεο δειδίξεσθαι, ἐπεὶ σάφα οἶδα καὶ αὐτὸς ἠμὲν κερτομίας ἠδʼ αἴσυλα μυθήσασθαι. ἴδμεν δʼ ἀλλήλων γενεήν, ἴδμεν δὲ τοκῆας πρόκλυτʼ ἀκούοντες ἔπεα θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων·...
Son of Peleus, think not with words to afright me, as I were a child, seeing I know well of myself to utter taunts and withal speech that is seemly. We know each other's lineage, and each other's pare...
ὣς τώ γε κλαίοντε προσαυδήτην φίλον υἱὸν πολλὰ λισσομένω· οὐδʼ Ἕκτορι θυμὸν ἔπειθον, ἀλλʼ ὅ γε μίμνʼ Ἀχιλῆα πελώριον ἆσσον ἰόντα. ὡς δὲ δράκων ἐπὶ χειῇ ὀρέστερος ἄνδρα μένῃσι βεβρωκὼς κακὰ φάρμακʼ, ἔδ...
So the twain with weeping spake unto their dear son, beseeching him instantly; howbeit they could not persuade the heart of Hector, but he abode Achilles as he drew nigh in his mightiness. And as a se...
σχέσθε φίλοι, καί μʼ οἶον ἐάσατε κηδόμενοί περ ἐξελθόντα πόληος ἱκέσθʼ ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν. λίσσωμʼ ἀνέρα τοῦτον ἀτάσθαλον ὀβριμοεργόν, ἤν πως ἡλικίην αἰδέσσεται ἠδʼ ἐλεήσῃ γῆρας· καὶ δέ νυ τῷ γε πατὴρ το...
He too, I ween, hath a father such as I am, even Peleus, that begat him and reared him to be a bane to Trojans; but above all others hath he brought woe upon me, so many sons of mine hath he slain in ...
ὣς ἔφατο κλαίων, ἐπὶ δὲ στενάχοντο πολῖται· Τρῳῇσιν δʼ Ἑκάβη ἁδινοῦ ἐξῆρχε γόοιο·
And among the women of Troy Hecabe led the vehement lamentation: My child, ah woe is me! How shall I live in my sore anguish, now thou art dead?—thou that wast my boast night and day in the city, and ...
ὣς ἔφατο κλαίουσʼ, ἄλοχος δʼ οὔ πώ τι πέπυστο Ἕκτορος· οὐ γάρ οἵ τις ἐτήτυμος ἄγγελος ἐλθὼν ἤγγειλʼ ὅττί ῥά οἱ πόσις ἔκτοθι μίμνε πυλάων, ἀλλʼ ἥ γʼ ἱστὸν ὕφαινε μυχῷ δόμου ὑψηλοῖο δίπλακα πορφυρέην, ἐ...
but she was weaving a web in the innermost part of the lofty house, a purple web of double fold, and therein was broidering flowers of varied hue. And she called to her fair-tressed handmaids through ...
ὣς ἔφατο κλαίουσʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ στενάχοντο γυναῖκες.
So spake she weeping, and thereto the women added their laments.
ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἐπίθοντο ποδώκεϊ Πηλεΐωνι. πρῶτον μὲν κατὰ πυρκαϊὴν σβέσαν αἴθοπι οἴνῳ ὅσσον ἐπὶ φλὸξ ἦλθε, βαθεῖα δὲ κάππεσε τέφρη· κλαίοντες δʼ ἑτάροιο ἐνηέος ὀστέα λευκὰ ἄλλεγον ἐς χρυσέην φιάλην κ...
First they quenched with flaming wine the pyre, so far as the flame had come upon it, and the ash had settled deep; and with weeping they gathered up the white bones of their gentle comrade into a gol...
λῦτο δʼ ἀγών, λαοὶ δὲ θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας ἕκαστοι ἐσκίδναντʼ ἰέναι. τοὶ μὲν δόρποιο μέδοντο ὕπνου τε γλυκεροῦ ταρπήμεναι· αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς κλαῖε φίλου ἑτάρου μεμνημένος, οὐδέ μιν ὕπνος ᾕρει πανδαμάτωρ, ἀλλʼ ἐ...
Then was the gathering broken up, and the folk scattered, each man to go to his own ship. The rest bethought them of supper and of sweet sleep, to take their fill thereof; but Achilles wept, ever reme...
σχέτλιοί ἐστε θεοί, δηλήμονες· οὔ νύ ποθʼ ὑμῖν Ἕκτωρ μηρίʼ ἔκηε βοῶν αἰγῶν τε τελείων; τὸν νῦν οὐκ ἔτλητε νέκυν περ ἐόντα σαῶσαι ᾗ τʼ ἀλόχῳ ἰδέειν καὶ μητέρι καὶ τέκεϊ ᾧ καὶ πατέρι Πριάμῳ λαοῖσί τε, τ...
Him now have ye not the heart to save, a corpse though he be, for his wife to look upon and his mother and his child, and his father Priam and his people, who would forthwith burn him in the fire and ...
ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δὲ Ἶρις ἀελλόπος ἀγγελέουσα, μεσσηγὺς δὲ Σάμου τε καὶ Ἴμβρου παιπαλοέσσης ἔνθορε μείλανι πόντῳ· ἐπεστονάχησε δὲ λίμνη. ἣ δὲ μολυβδαίνῃ ἰκέλη ἐς βυσσὸν ὄρουσεν, ἥ τε κατʼ ἀγραύλοιο βοὸς ...
Down sped she to the depths hike a plummet of lead, the which, set upon the horn of an ox of the field, goeth down bearing death to the ravenous fishes. And she found Thetis in the hollow cave, and ro...
ὤ μοι πῇ δή τοι φρένες οἴχονθʼ, ᾗς τὸ πάρος περ ἔκλεʼ ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους ξείνους ἠδʼ οἷσιν ἀνάσσεις; πῶς ἐθέλεις ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν ἐλθέμεν οἶος ἀνδρὸς ἐς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὅς τοι πολέας τε καὶ ἐσθλοὺς υἱέας ἐξενάριξ...
hath slain thy sons, many and valiant? Of iron verily is thy heart. For if so be he get thee in his power and his eyes behold thee, so savage and faithless is the man, he will neither pity thee nor an...
υἱὸς μὲν δή τοι λέλυται γέρον ὡς ἐκέλευες, κεῖται δʼ ἐν λεχέεσσʼ· ἅμα δʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφιν ὄψεαι αὐτὸς ἄγων· νῦν δὲ μνησώμεθα δόρπου. καὶ γάρ τʼ ἠΰκομος Νιόβη ἐμνήσατο σίτου, τῇ περ δώδεκα παῖδες ἐνὶ μ...
and lieth upon a bier; and at break of day thou shalt thyself behold him, as thou bearest him hence; but for this present let us bethink us of supper. For even the fair-haired Niobe bethought her of m...
ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδέ τις αὐτόθʼ ἐνὶ πτόλεϊ λίπετʼ ἀνὴρ οὐδὲ γυνή· πάντας γὰρ ἀάσχετον ἵκετο πένθος· ἀγχοῦ δὲ ξύμβληντο πυλάων νεκρὸν ἄγοντι. πρῶται τόν γʼ ἄλοχός τε φίλη καὶ πότνια μήτηρ τιλλέσθην ἐπʼ ἄμαξα...
First Hector's dear wife and queenly mother flung themselves upon the light-running waggon, and clasping his head the while, wailed and tore their hair; and the folk thronged about and wept. And now t...
ὣς ἔφατο κλαίουσʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ στενάχοντο γυναῖκες. τῇσιν δʼ αὖθʼ Ἑκάβη ἁδινοῦ ἐξῆρχε γόοιο·
ὣς ἔφατο κλαίουσα, γόον δʼ ἀλίαστον ὄρινε. τῇσι δʼ ἔπειθʼ Ἑλένη τριτάτη ἐξῆρχε γόοιο·
So spake she wailing, and roused unabating lament. And thereafter Helen was the third to lead the wailing: Hector, far dearest to my heart of all my husband's brethren! In sooth my husband is godlike ...
Ἕκτορ ἐμῷ θυμῷ δαέρων πολὺ φίλτατε πάντων, ἦ μέν μοι πόσις ἐστὶν Ἀλέξανδρος θεοειδής, ὅς μʼ ἄγαγε Τροίηνδʼ· ὡς πρὶν ὤφελλον ὀλέσθαι. ἤδη γὰρ νῦν μοι τόδε εἰκοστὸν ἔτος ἐστὶν ἐξ οὗ κεῖθεν ἔβην καὶ ἐμῆς...
For this is now the twentieth year from the time when I went from thence and am gone from my native land, but never yet heard I evil or despiteful word from thee; nay, if so be any other spake reproac...
ὣς ἔφατο κλαίουσʼ, ἐπὶ δʼ ἔστενε δῆμος ἀπείρων. λαοῖσιν δʼ ὃ γέρων Πρίαμος μετὰ μῦθον ἔειπεν·
ἡ μὲν θαμβήσασα πάλιν οἶκόνδε βεβήκει· παιδὸς γὰρ μῦθον πεπνυμένον ἔνθετο θυμῷ. ἐς δʼ ὑπερῷʼ ἀναβᾶσα σὺν ἀμφιπόλοισι γυναιξὶ κλαῖεν ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆα φίλον πόσιν, ὄφρα οἱ ὕπνον ἡδὺν ἐπὶ βλεφάροισι βάλε γλ...
She then, seized with wonder, went back to her chamber, for she laid to heart the wise saying of her son. Up to her upper chamber she went with her handmaids, and then bewailed Odysseus, her dear husb...
ὣς φάτο, τοῖσι δὲ πᾶσιν ὑφʼ ἵμερον ὦρσε γόοιο. κλαῖε μὲν Ἀργείη Ἑλένη, Διὸς ἐκγεγαυῖα, κλαῖε δὲ Τηλέμαχός τε καὶ Ἀτρεΐδης Μενέλαος, οὐδʼ ἄρα Νέστορος υἱὸς ἀδακρύτω ἔχεν ὄσσε· μνήσατο γὰρ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀμ...
Telemachus wept, and Menelaus, son of Atreus, nor could the son of Nestor keep his eyes tearless. For he thought in his heart of peerless Antilochus, whom the glorious son of the bright Dawn1 had slai...
Ἀτρεΐδη, περὶ μέν σε βροτῶν πεπνυμένον εἶναι Νέστωρ φάσχʼ ὁ γέρων, ὅτʼ ἐπιμνησαίμεθα σεῖο οἷσιν ἐνὶ μεγάροισι, καὶ ἀλλήλους ἐρέοιμεν. καὶ νῦν, εἴ τί που ἔστι, πίθοιό μοι· οὐ γὰρ ἐγώ γε τέρπομʼ ὀδυρόμε...
“Son of Atreus, old Nestor used ever to say that thou wast wise above all men, whenever we made mention of thee in his halls and questioned one another. And now, if it may in any wise be, hearken to m...
ὢ πόποι, ἦ μάλα δὴ κρατερόφρονος ἀνδρὸς ἐν εὐνῇ ἤθελον εὐνηθῆναι ἀνάλκιδες αὐτοὶ ἐόντες. ὡς δʼ ὁπότʼ ἐν ξυλόχῳ ἔλαφος κρατεροῖο λέοντος νεβροὺς κοιμήσασα νεηγενέας γαλαθηνοὺς κνημοὺς ἐξερέῃσι καὶ ἄγκε...
Even as when in the thicket-lair of a mighty lion a hind has laid to sleep her new-born suckling fawns, and roams over the mountain slopes and grassy vales seeking pasture, and then the lion comes to ...
ἤειδεν δʼ ὡς ἄστυ διέπραθον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν ἱππόθεν ἐκχύμενοι, κοῖλον λόχον ἐκπρολιπόντες. ἄλλον δʼ ἄλλῃ ἄειδε πόλιν κεραϊζέμεν αἰπήν, αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσῆα προτὶ δώματα Δηιφόβοιο βήμεναι, ἠύτʼ Ἄρηα σὺν ἀντιθέῳ Μ...
poured forth from the horse and, leaving their hollow ambush, sacked the city. Of the others he sang how in divers ways they wasted the lofty city, but of Odysseus, how he went like Ares to the house ...
Explore klaio in the texts
103 passages across Homer, Hesiod, Pindar, and the New Testament contain klaio.
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