Seba.Health

Sarpedon

Semi-divine · 7 speeches

Psychological Vocabulary

All Speeches (7)

Lines 472–492
howbeit of these can I now neither behold nor mark anyone, but they cower as dogs about a lion; and it is we that fight, we that are but allies among you. For I that am but an ally am come from very far; afar is Lycia by eddying Xanthus, where I left my dear wife and infant son, and my great wealth the which every man that is in lack coveteth. Yet even so urge I on the Lycians, and am fain myself to fight my man, though here is naught of mine such as the Achaeans might bear away or drive; whereas thou standest and dost not even urge thy hosts to abide and defend their wives. Beware lest thou and they, as if caught in the meshes of all-ensnaring flax, become a prey and spoil unto your foemen; and they shall anon lay waste your well-peopled city. On thee should all these cares rest by night and day, and thou shouldest beseech the captains of thy far-famed allies to hold their ground unflinchingly, and so put away from thee strong rebukings.
Ἕκτορ πῇ δή τοι μένος οἴχεται πρὶν ἔχεσκες; φῆς που ἄτερ λαῶν πόλιν ἑξέμεν ἠδʼ ἐπικούρων οἶος σὺν γαμβροῖσι κασιγνήτοισί τε σοῖσι. τῶν νῦν οὔ τινʼ ἐγὼ ἰδέειν δύναμʼ οὐδὲ νοῆσαι, ἀλλὰ καταπτώσσουσι κύνες ὣς ἀμφὶ λέοντα· ἡμεῖς δὲ μαχόμεσθʼ οἵ πέρ τʼ ἐπίκουροι ἔνειμεν. καὶ γὰρ ἐγὼν ἐπίκουρος ἐὼν μάλα τηλόθεν ἥκω· τηλοῦ γὰρ Λυκίη Ξάνθῳ ἔπι δινήεντι, ἔνθʼ ἄλοχόν τε φίλην ἔλιπον καὶ νήπιον υἱόν, κὰδ δὲ κτήματα πολλά, τὰ ἔλδεται ὅς κʼ ἐπιδευής. ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς Λυκίους ὀτρύνω καὶ μέμονʼ αὐτὸς ἀνδρὶ μαχήσασθαι· ἀτὰρ οὔ τί μοι ἐνθάδε τοῖον οἷόν κʼ ἠὲ φέροιεν Ἀχαιοὶ κεν ἄγοιεν· τύνη δʼ ἕστηκας, ἀτὰρ οὐδʼ ἄλλοισι κελεύεις λαοῖσιν μενέμεν καὶ ἀμυνέμεναι ὤρεσσι. μή πως ὡς ἀψῖσι λίνου ἁλόντε πανάγρου ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσιν ἕλωρ καὶ κύρμα γένησθε· οἳ δὲ τάχʼ ἐκπέρσουσʼ εὖ ναιομένην πόλιν ὑμήν. σοὶ δὲ χρὴ τάδε πάντα μέλειν νύκτάς τε καὶ ἦμαρ ἀρχοὺς λισσομένῳ τηλεκλειτῶν ἐπικούρων νωλεμέως ἐχέμεν, κρατερὴν δʼ ἀποθέσθαι ἐνιπήν.
Lattimore commentary
Tension between Hektor and the allies of the Trojans is a recurrent theme, and the Lykians (Sarpedon and Glaukos) the most frequent voices of rebuke (e. g., 16.536, 17.140), as having traveled farthest to aid Priam and his people. Sarpedon’s observation that he risks no losses of his own at Troy (480–85) echoes Achilleus’ dissenting words to Agamemnon (1.152–57).
Lines 648–654
who chid with harsh words him that had done him good service, and rendered him not the mares for the sake of which he had come from afar. But for thee, I deem that death and black fate shall here be wrought by my hands, and that vanquished beneath my spear thou shalt yield glory to me, and thy soul to Hades of the goodly steeds.
Τληπόλεμʼ ἤτοι κεῖνος ἀπώλεσεν Ἴλιον ἱρὴν ἀνέρος ἀφραδίῃσιν ἀγαυοῦ Λαομέδοντος, ὅς ῥά μιν εὖ ἕρξαντα κακῷ ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ, οὐδʼ ἀπέδωχʼ ἵππους, ὧν εἵνεκα τηλόθεν ἦλθε. σοὶ δʼ ἐγὼ ἐνθάδε φημὶ φόνον καὶ κῆρα μέλαιναν ἐξ ἐμέθεν τεύξεσθαι, ἐμῷ δʼ ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμέντα εὖχος ἐμοὶ δώσειν, ψυχὴν δʼ Ἄϊδι κλυτοπώλῳ.
Lines 684–688
Then glad at his coming was Sarpedon, son of Zeus, and spake to him a piteous word: Son of Priam, suffer me not to lie here a prey to the Danaans, but bear me aid; thereafter, if need be, let life depart from me in your city, seeing it might not be that I should return home to mine own native land to make glad my dear wife and infant son. So spake he, yet Hector of the flashing helm spake no word in answer,
Πριαμίδη, μὴ δή με ἕλωρ Δαναοῖσιν ἐάσῃς κεῖσθαι, ἀλλʼ ἐπάμυνον· ἔπειτά με καὶ λίποι αἰὼν ἐν πόλει ὑμετέρῃ, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ἔγωγε νοστήσας οἶκον δὲ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν εὐφρανέειν ἄλοχόν τε φίλην καὶ νήπιον υἱόν.
Lines 310–328
Glaucus, wherefore is it that we twain are held in honour above all with seats, and messes, and full cups in Lycia, and all men gaze upon us as on gods? Aye, and we possess a great demesne by the banks of Xanthus, a fair tract of orchard and of wheat-bearing plough-land.Therefore now it behoveth us to take our stand amid the foremost Lycians, and confront the blazing battle that many a one of the mail-clad Lycians may say: Verily no inglorious men be these that rule in Lycia, even our kings, they that eat fat sheepand drink choice wine, honey-sweet: nay, but their might too is goodly, seeing they fight amid the foremost Lycians. Ah friend, if once escaped from this battle we were for ever to be ageless and immortal, neither should I fight myself amid the foremost,nor should I send thee into battle where men win glory; but now—for in any case fates of death beset us, fates past counting, which no mortal may escape or avoid—now let us go forward, whether we shall give glory to another, or another to us. Therefore now it behoveth us to take our stand amid the foremost Lycians, and confront the blazing battle that many a one of the mail-clad Lycians may say: Verily no inglorious men be these that rule in Lycia, even our kings, they that eat fat sheepand drink choice wine, honey-sweet: nay, but their might too is goodly, seeing they fight amid the foremost Lycians. Ah friend, if once escaped from this battle we were for ever to be ageless and immortal, neither should I fight myself amid the foremost,nor should I send thee into battle where men win glory; but now—for in any case fates of death beset us, fates past counting, which no mortal may escape or avoid—now let us go forward, whether we shall give glory to another, or another to us. and drink choice wine, honey-sweet: nay, but their might too is goodly, seeing they fight amid the foremost Lycians. Ah friend, if once escaped from this battle we were for ever to be ageless and immortal, neither should I fight myself amid the foremost, nor should I send thee into battle where men win glory; but now—for in any case fates of death beset us, fates past counting, which no mortal may escape or avoid—now let us go forward, whether we shall give glory to another, or another to us.
Γλαῦκε τί δὴ νῶϊ τετιμήμεσθα μάλιστα ἕδρῃ τε κρέασίν τε ἰδὲ πλείοις δεπάεσσιν ἐν Λυκίῃ, πάντες δὲ θεοὺς ὣς εἰσορόωσι, καὶ τέμενος νεμόμεσθα μέγα Ξάνθοιο παρʼ ὄχθας καλὸν φυταλιῆς καὶ ἀρούρης πυροφόροιο; τὼ νῦν χρὴ Λυκίοισι μέτα πρώτοισιν ἐόντας ἑστάμεν ἠδὲ μάχης καυστείρης ἀντιβολῆσαι, ὄφρά τις ὧδʼ εἴπῃ Λυκίων πύκα θωρηκτάων· οὐ μὰν ἀκλεέες Λυκίην κάτα κοιρανέουσιν ἡμέτεροι βασιλῆες, ἔδουσί τε πίονα μῆλα οἶνόν τʼ ἔξαιτον μελιηδέα· ἀλλʼ ἄρα καὶ ἲς ἐσθλή, ἐπεὶ Λυκίοισι μέτα πρώτοισι μάχονται. πέπον εἰ μὲν γὰρ πόλεμον περὶ τόνδε φυγόντε αἰεὶ δὴ μέλλοιμεν ἀγήρω τʼ ἀθανάτω τε ἔσσεσθʼ, οὔτέ κεν αὐτὸς ἐνὶ πρώτοισι μαχοίμην οὔτέ κε σὲ στέλλοιμι μάχην ἐς κυδιάνειραν· νῦν δʼ ἔμπης γὰρ κῆρες ἐφεστᾶσιν θανάτοιο μυρίαι, ἃς οὐκ ἔστι φυγεῖν βροτὸν οὐδʼ ὑπαλύξαι, ἴομεν ἠέ τῳ εὖχος ὀρέξομεν ἠέ τις ἡμῖν.
Lattimore commentary
The most explicit expression in Homer of a heroic contract: Sarpedon reminds his cousin of the warrior’s obligation to fight in the front line in exchange for community support and special treatment. The point of 323 seems to be that such regard continues after the fighter’s death. The word temenos (“piece of land”: 313) can designate a plot set aside as a gift, but also (and primarily, in post-Homeric Greek) a sacred precinct for a god or hero. The latter were worshiped in cults with dedications of wine and other liquids, and animal sacrifice (cf. 319, of the living). In addition to outlining the economy of heroism, Sarpedon implies that war itself is a non-zero-sum game in which one can get glory by slaying but also give it by being slain.
Lines 409–412
Hard is it for me, how mighty so ever I be, alone to breach the wall, and make a path to the ships. Nay, have at them with me; the more men the better work.
Λύκιοι τί τʼ ἄρʼ ὧδε μεθίετε θούριδος ἀλκῆς; ἀργαλέον δέ μοί ἐστι καὶ ἰφθίμῳ περ ἐόντι μούνῳ ῥηξαμένῳ θέσθαι παρὰ νηυσὶ κέλευθον· ἀλλʼ ἐφομαρτεῖτε· πλεόνων δέ τι ἔργον ἄμεινον.
Lines 422–425
seeing he hath loosed the knees of many men and goodly.
αἰδὼς Λύκιοι· πόσε φεύγετε; νῦν θοοὶ ἔστε. ἀντήσω γὰρ ἐγὼ τοῦδʼ ἀνέρος, ὄφρα δαείω ὅς τις ὅδε κρατέει καὶ δὴ κακὰ πολλὰ ἔοργε Τρῶας, ἐπεὶ πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐσθλῶν γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν.
Lattimore commentary
Sarpedon’s ignorance of the identity of the raging Patroklos seems inconsistent with the Trojans’ belief (281) that Achilleus has returned to battle; perhaps the Lykian contingent on the edges of the fight has not seen Patroklos’ initial foray.
Lines 492–502
First fare thou up and down everywhere, and urge on the leaders of the Lycians to fight for Sarpedon, and thereafter thyself do battle with the bronze in my defence. For to thee even in time to come shall I be a reproach and a hanging of the head, all thy days continually, if so be the Achaeans shall spoil me of my armour, now that I am fallen amid the gathering of the ships. Nay, hold thy ground valiantly, and urge on all the host.
Γλαῦκε πέπον πολεμιστὰ μετʼ ἀνδράσι νῦν σε μάλα χρὴ αἰχμητήν τʼ ἔμεναι καὶ θαρσαλέον πολεμιστήν· νῦν τοι ἐελδέσθω πόλεμος κακός, εἰ θοός ἐσσι. πρῶτα μὲν ὄτρυνον Λυκίων ἡγήτορας ἄνδρας πάντῃ ἐποιχόμενος Σαρπηδόνος ἀμφιμάχεσθαι· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα καὶ αὐτὸς ἐμεῦ πέρι μάρναο χαλκῷ. σοὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ καὶ ἔπειτα κατηφείη καὶ ὄνειδος ἔσσομαι ἤματα πάντα διαμπερές, εἴ κέ μʼ Ἀχαιοὶ τεύχεα συλήσωσι νεῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι πεσόντα. ἀλλʼ ἔχεο κρατερῶς, ὄτρυνε δὲ λαὸν ἅπαντα. ὣς ἄρα μιν εἰπόντα τέλος θανάτοιο κάλυψεν