Seba.Health

Hector

Mortal · 50 speeches

Psychological Vocabulary

All Speeches (50)

Lines 39–57
would that thou hadst ne'er been born2 and hadst died unwed. Aye, of that were I fain, and it had been better far than that thou shouldest thus be a reproach, and that men should look upon thee in scorn. Verily, methinks, will the long-haired Achaeans laugh aloud, deeming that a prince is our champion because a comely form is his, while there is no strength in his heart nor any valour. Was it in such strength as this that thou didst sail over the main in thy seafaring ships, when thou hadst gathered thy trusty comrades, and, coming to an alien folk, didst bring back a comely woman from a distant land, even a daughter of1 warriors who wield the spear, but to thy father and city and all the people a grievous bane—to thy foes a joy, but to thine own self a hanging down of the head? Wilt thou indeed not abide Menelaus, dear to Ares? Thou wouldest learn what manner of warrior he is whose lovely wife thou hast. Then will thy lyre help thee not, neither the gifts of Aphrodite, thy locks and thy comeliness, when thou shalt lie low in the dust. Nay, verily, the Trojans are utter cowards: else wouldest thou ere this have donned a coat of stone2 by reason of all the evil thou hast wrought.
Δύσπαρι εἶδος ἄριστε γυναιμανὲς ἠπεροπευτὰ αἴθʼ ὄφελες ἄγονός τʼ ἔμεναι ἄγαμός τʼ ἀπολέσθαι· καί κε τὸ βουλοίμην, καί κεν πολὺ κέρδιον ἦεν οὕτω λώβην τʼ ἔμεναι καὶ ὑπόψιον ἄλλων. που καγχαλόωσι κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ φάντες ἀριστῆα πρόμον ἔμμεναι, οὕνεκα καλὸν εἶδος ἔπʼ, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἔστι βίη φρεσὶν οὐδέ τις ἀλκή. τοιόσδε ἐὼν ἐν ποντοπόροισι νέεσσι πόντον ἐπιπλώσας, ἑτάρους ἐρίηρας ἀγείρας, μιχθεὶς ἀλλοδαποῖσι γυναῖκʼ εὐειδέʼ ἀνῆγες ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης νυὸν ἀνδρῶν αἰχμητάων πατρί τε σῷ μέγα πῆμα πόληΐ τε παντί τε δήμῳ, δυσμενέσιν μὲν χάρμα, κατηφείην δὲ σοὶ αὐτῷ; οὐκ ἂν δὴ μείνειας ἀρηΐφιλον Μενέλαον; γνοίης χʼ οἵου φωτὸς ἔχεις θαλερὴν παράκοιτιν· οὐκ ἄν τοι χραίσμῃ κίθαρις τά τε δῶρʼ Ἀφροδίτης τε κόμη τό τε εἶδος ὅτʼ ἐν κονίῃσι μιγείης. ἀλλὰ μάλα Τρῶες δειδήμονες· τέ κεν ἤδη λάϊνον ἕσσο χιτῶνα κακῶν ἕνεχʼ ὅσσα ἔοργας.
Lattimore commentary
Hektor’s torrent of abuse includes reference to the combination of erotic and musical attractions his brother has. That he does not exaggerate will be established at 394 and 442. Paris himself (65) confirms the characterization but shifts responsibility to the gods.
Lines 86–94
and himself in the midst and Menelaus, dear to Ares, to do battle for Helen and all her possessions. And whichsoever of the twain shall win, and prove him the better man, let him duly take all the wealth and the woman, and bear them to his home; but for us others, let us swear friendship and oaths of faith with sacrifice.
κέκλυτέ μευ Τρῶες καὶ ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ μῦθον Ἀλεξάνδροιο, τοῦ εἵνεκα νεῖκος ὄρωρεν. ἄλλους μὲν κέλεται Τρῶας καὶ πάντας Ἀχαιοὺς τεύχεα κάλʼ ἀποθέσθαι ἐπὶ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ, αὐτὸν δʼ ἐν μέσσῳ καὶ ἀρηΐφιλον Μενέλαον οἴους ἀμφʼ Ἑλένῃ καὶ κτήμασι πᾶσι μάχεσθαι. ὁππότερος δέ κε νικήσῃ κρείσσων τε γένηται κτήμαθʼ ἑλὼν εὖ πάντα γυναῖκά τε οἴκαδʼ ἀγέσθω· οἳ δʼ ἄλλοι φιλότητα καὶ ὅρκια πιστὰ τάμωμεν.
Lines 111–115
to make prayer to the gods, and promise them hecatombs.
Τρῶες ὑπέρθυμοι τηλεκλειτοί τʼ ἐπίκουροι ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς, ὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγὼ βείω προτὶ Ἴλιον, ἠδὲ γέρουσιν εἴπω βουλευτῇσι καὶ ἡμετέρῃς ἀλόχοισι δαίμοσιν ἀρήσασθαι, ὑποσχέσθαι δʼ ἑκατόμβας.
Lines 264–285
lest thou cripple me, and I be forgetful of my might and my valour; moreover with hands unwashen I have awe to pour libation of flaming wine to Zeus; nor may it in any wise be that a man should make prayer to the son of Cronos, lord of the dark clouds, all befouled with blood and filth. Nay, do thou go to the temple of Athene, driver of the spoil, with burnt-offerings, when thou hast gathered together the aged wives; and the robe that seemeth to thee the fairest and amplest in thy hall, and that is dearest far to thine own self, this do thou lay upon the knees of fair-haired Athene and vow to her that thou wilt sacrifice in her temple twelve sleek heifers that have not felt the goad, if she will take pity on Troy and the Trojans' wives and their little children; in hope she may hold back the son of Tydeus from sacred Ilios, that savage spearman, a mighty deviser of rout. So go thou to the temple of Athene, driver of the spoil; and I will go after Paris, to summon him, if haply he will hearken to my bidding. Would that the earth might straightway gape for him! for in grievous wise hath the Olympian reared him as a bane to the Trojans and to great-hearted Priam, and the sons of Priam. If I but saw him going down to the house of Hades, then might I deem that my heart had forgotten its woe.
μή μοι οἶνον ἄειρε μελίφρονα πότνια μῆτερ, μή μʼ ἀπογυιώσῃς μένεος, ἀλκῆς τε λάθωμαι· χερσὶ δʼ ἀνίπτοισιν Διὶ λείβειν αἴθοπα οἶνον ἅζομαι· οὐδέ πῃ ἔστι κελαινεφέϊ Κρονίωνι αἵματι καὶ λύθρῳ πεπαλαγμένον εὐχετάασθαι. ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν πρὸς νηὸν Ἀθηναίης ἀγελείης ἔρχεο σὺν θυέεσσιν ἀολλίσσασα γεραιάς· πέπλον δʼ, ὅς τίς τοι χαριέστατος ἠδὲ μέγιστος ἔστιν ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ καί τοι πολὺ φίλτατος αὐτῇ, τὸν θὲς Ἀθηναίης ἐπὶ γούνασιν ἠϋκόμοιο, καί οἱ ὑποσχέσθαι δυοκαίδεκα βοῦς ἐνὶ νηῷ ἤνις ἠκέστας ἱερευσέμεν, αἴ κʼ ἐλεήσῃ ἄστύ τε καὶ Τρώων ἀλόχους καὶ νήπια τέκνα, αἴ κεν Τυδέος υἱὸν ἀπόσχῃ Ἰλίου ἱρῆς ἄγριον αἰχμητὴν κρατερὸν μήστωρα φόβοιο. ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν πρὸς νηὸν Ἀθηναίης ἀγελείης ἔρχευ, ἐγὼ δὲ Πάριν μετελεύσομαι ὄφρα καλέσσω αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσʼ εἰπόντος ἀκουέμεν· ὥς κέ οἱ αὖθι γαῖα χάνοι· μέγα γάρ μιν Ὀλύμπιος ἔτρεφε πῆμα Τρωσί τε καὶ Πριάμῳ μεγαλήτορι τοῖό τε παισίν. εἰ κεῖνόν γε ἴδοιμι κατελθόντʼ Ἄϊδος εἴσω φαίην κε φρένʼ ἀτέρπου ὀϊζύος ἐκλελαθέσθαι.
Lines 326–331
whomso thou shouldest haply see shrinking from hateful war. Nay, then, rouse thee, lest soon the city blaze with consuming fire.
δαιμόνιʼ οὐ μὲν καλὰ χόλον τόνδʼ ἔνθεο θυμῷ, λαοὶ μὲν φθινύθουσι περὶ πτόλιν αἰπύ τε τεῖχος μαρνάμενοι· σέο δʼ εἵνεκʼ ἀϋτή τε πτόλεμός τε ἄστυ τόδʼ ἀμφιδέδηε· σὺ δʼ ἂν μαχέσαιο καὶ ἄλλῳ, ὅν τινά που μεθιέντα ἴδοις στυγεροῦ πολέμοιο. ἀλλʼ ἄνα μὴ τάχα ἄστυ πυρὸς δηΐοιο θέρηται.
Lines 360–368
Bid me not sit, Helen, for all thou lovest me; thou wilt not persuade me. Even now my heart is impatient to bear aid to the Trojans that sorely long for me that am not with them. Nay, but rouse thou this man, and let him of himself make haste, that he may overtake me while yet I am within the city.For I shall go to my home, that I may behold my housefolk, my dear wife, and my infant son; for I know not if any more I shall return home to them again, or if even now the gods will slay me beneath the hands of the Achaeans. For I shall go to my home, that I may behold my housefolk, my dear wife, and my infant son; for I know not if any more I shall return home to them again, or if even now the gods will slay me beneath the hands of the Achaeans.
μή με κάθιζʼ Ἑλένη φιλέουσά περ· οὐδέ με πείσεις· ἤδη γάρ μοι θυμὸς ἐπέσσυται ὄφρʼ ἐπαμύνω Τρώεσσʼ, οἳ μέγʼ ἐμεῖο ποθὴν ἀπεόντος ἔχουσιν. ἀλλὰ σύ γʼ ὄρνυθι τοῦτον, ἐπειγέσθω δὲ καὶ αὐτός, ὥς κεν ἔμʼ ἔντοσθεν πόλιος καταμάρψῃ ἐόντα. καὶ γὰρ ἐγὼν οἶκον δὲ ἐλεύσομαι ὄφρα ἴδωμαι οἰκῆας ἄλοχόν τε φίλην καὶ νήπιον υἱόν. οὐ γὰρ οἶδʼ εἰ ἔτι σφιν ὑπότροπος ἵξομαι αὖτις, ἤδη μʼ ὑπὸ χερσὶ θεοὶ δαμόωσιν Ἀχαιῶν.
Lines 376–380
fair-tressed women of Troy are seeking to propitiate he dread goddess?
εἰ δʼ ἄγε μοι δμῳαὶ νημερτέα μυθήσασθε· πῇ ἔβη Ἀνδρομάχη λευκώλενος ἐκ μεγάροιο; ἠέ πῃ ἐς γαλόων εἰνατέρων ἐϋπέπλων ἐς Ἀθηναίης ἐξοίχεται, ἔνθά περ ἄλλαι Τρῳαὶ ἐϋπλόκαμοι δεινὴν θεὸν ἱλάσκονται;
Lines 441–465
always and to fight amid the foremost Trojans, striving to win my father's great glory and mine own. For of a surety know I this in heart and soul: the day shall come when sacred Ilios shall be laid low, and Priam, and the people of Priam with goodly spear of ash. Yet not so much doth the grief of the Trojans that shall be in the aftertime move me, neither Hecabe's own, nor king Priam's, nor my brethren's, many and brave, who then shall fall in the dust beneath the hands of their foemen, as doth thy grief, when some brazen-coated Achaean shall lead thee away weeping and rob thee of thy day of freedom. Then haply in Argos shalt thou ply the loom at another s bidding, or bear water from Messeis or Hypereia, sorely against thy will, and strong necessity shall be laid upon thee. And some man shall say as he beholdeth thee weeping: Lo, the wife of Hector, that was pre-eminent in war above all the horse-taming Trojans, in the day when men fought about Ilios. So shall one say; and to thee shall come fresh grief in thy lack of a man like me to ward off the day of bondage. But let me be dead, and let the heaped-up earth cover me, ere I hear thy cries as they hale thee into captivity.
καὶ ἐμοὶ τάδε πάντα μέλει γύναι· ἀλλὰ μάλʼ αἰνῶς αἰδέομαι Τρῶας καὶ Τρῳάδας ἑλκεσιπέπλους, αἴ κε κακὸς ὣς νόσφιν ἀλυσκάζω πολέμοιο· οὐδέ με θυμὸς ἄνωγεν, ἐπεὶ μάθον ἔμμεναι ἐσθλὸς αἰεὶ καὶ πρώτοισι μετὰ Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι ἀρνύμενος πατρός τε μέγα κλέος ἠδʼ ἐμὸν αὐτοῦ. εὖ γὰρ ἐγὼ τόδε οἶδα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν· ἔσσεται ἦμαρ ὅτʼ ἄν ποτʼ ὀλώλῃ Ἴλιος ἱρὴ καὶ Πρίαμος καὶ λαὸς ἐϋμμελίω Πριάμοιο. ἀλλʼ οὔ μοι Τρώων τόσσον μέλει ἄλγος ὀπίσσω, οὔτʼ αὐτῆς Ἑκάβης οὔτε Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος οὔτε κασιγνήτων, οἵ κεν πολέες τε καὶ ἐσθλοὶ ἐν κονίῃσι πέσοιεν ὑπʼ ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσιν, ὅσσον σεῦ, ὅτε κέν τις Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων δακρυόεσσαν ἄγηται ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ ἀπούρας· καί κεν ἐν Ἄργει ἐοῦσα πρὸς ἄλλης ἱστὸν ὑφαίνοις, καί κεν ὕδωρ φορέοις Μεσσηΐδος Ὑπερείης πόλλʼ ἀεκαζομένη, κρατερὴ δʼ ἐπικείσετʼ ἀνάγκη· καί ποτέ τις εἴπῃσιν ἰδὼν κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσαν· Ἕκτορος ἥδε γυνὴ ὃς ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι Τρώων ἱπποδάμων ὅτε Ἴλιον ἀμφεμάχοντο. ὥς ποτέ τις ἐρέει· σοὶ δʼ αὖ νέον ἔσσεται ἄλγος χήτεϊ τοιοῦδʼ ἀνδρὸς ἀμύνειν δούλιον ἦμαρ. ἀλλά με τεθνηῶτα χυτὴ κατὰ γαῖα καλύπτοι πρίν γέ τι σῆς τε βοῆς σοῦ θʼ ἑλκηθμοῖο πυθέσθαι.
Lattimore commentary
As often in the poem, Hektor easily articulates images and remarks set in the future. His fear for his wife’s status as a Greek slave is exacerbated by the way he imagines it reflecting back on his own heroic status. This psychologically apt speech shifts through many tones: professions of shame and desire for glory, his affection for his wife even over his blood kin, his realization of Troy’s impending doom. More than any words, the image of Hektor removing his helmet to calm his baby captures the pathos of his imminent death while defending his family.
Lines 476–481
and may he bear the blood-stained spoils of the foeman he hath slain, and may his mother's heart wax glad.
Ζεῦ ἄλλοι τε θεοὶ δότε δὴ καὶ τόνδε γενέσθαι παῖδʼ ἐμὸν ὡς καὶ ἐγώ περ ἀριπρεπέα Τρώεσσιν, ὧδε βίην τʼ ἀγαθόν, καὶ Ἰλίου ἶφι ἀνάσσειν· καί ποτέ τις εἴποι πατρός γʼ ὅδε πολλὸν ἀμείνων ἐκ πολέμου ἀνιόντα· φέροι δʼ ἔναρα βροτόεντα κτείνας δήϊον ἄνδρα, χαρείη δὲ φρένα μήτηρ.
Lines 486–493
Nay, go thou to the house and busy thyself with thine own tasks, the loom and the distaff, and bid thy handmaids ply their work: but war shall be for men, for all, but most of all for me, of them that dwell in Ilios.
δαιμονίη μή μοί τι λίην ἀκαχίζεο θυμῷ· οὐ γάρ τίς μʼ ὑπὲρ αἶσαν ἀνὴρ Ἄϊδι προϊάψει· μοῖραν δʼ οὔ τινά φημι πεφυγμένον ἔμμεναι ἀνδρῶν, οὐ κακὸν οὐδὲ μὲν ἐσθλόν, ἐπὴν τὰ πρῶτα γένηται. ἀλλʼ εἰς οἶκον ἰοῦσα τὰ σʼ αὐτῆς ἔργα κόμιζε ἱστόν τʼ ἠλακάτην τε, καὶ ἀμφιπόλοισι κέλευε ἔργον ἐποίχεσθαι· πόλεμος δʼ ἄνδρεσσι μελήσει πᾶσι, μάλιστα δʼ ἐμοί, τοὶ Ἰλίῳ ἐγγεγάασιν.
Lines 521–529
from the lips of the Trojans, who because of thee have grievous toil. But let us go our way; these things we will make good hereafter, if so be Zeus shall grant us to set for the heavenly gods that are for ever a bowl of deliverance in our halls, when we have driven forth from the land of Troy the well-greaved Achaeans.
δαιμόνιʼ οὐκ ἄν τίς τοι ἀνὴρ ὃς ἐναίσιμος εἴη ἔργον ἀτιμήσειε μάχης, ἐπεὶ ἄλκιμός ἐσσι· ἀλλὰ ἑκὼν μεθιεῖς τε καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλεις· τὸ δʼ ἐμὸν κῆρ ἄχνυται ἐν θυμῷ, ὅθʼ ὑπὲρ σέθεν αἴσχεʼ ἀκούω πρὸς Τρώων, οἳ ἔχουσι πολὺν πόνον εἵνεκα σεῖο. ἀλλʼ ἴομεν· τὰ δʼ ὄπισθεν ἀρεσσόμεθʼ, αἴ κέ ποθι Ζεὺς δώῃ ἐπουρανίοισι θεοῖς αἰειγενέτῃσι κρητῆρα στήσασθαι ἐλεύθερον ἐν μεγάροισιν ἐκ Τροίης ἐλάσαντας ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς.
Lines 67–91
but with ill intent ordaineth a time for both hosts, until either ye take well-walled Troy or yourselves be vanquished beside your sea-faring ships. With you are the chieftains of the whole host of the Achaeans; of these let now that man whose heart soever biddeth him fight with me, come hither from among you all to be your champion against goodly Hector. And thus do I declare my word, and be Zeus our witness thereto: if so be he shall slay me with the long-edged bronze, let him spoil me of my armour and bear it to the hollow ships, but my body let him give back to my home, that the Trojans and the Trojan wives may give me my due meed of fire in my death. But if so be I slay him, and Apollo give me glory, I will spoil him of his armour and bear it to sacred Ilios and hang it upon the temple of Apollo, the god that smiteth afar, but his corpse will I render back to the well-benched ships, that the long-haired Achaeans may give him burial, and heap up for him a barrow by the wide Hellespont. And some one shall some day say even of men that are yet to be, as he saileth in his many-benched ship over the wine-dark sea: ‘This is a barrow of a man that died in olden days, whom on a time in the midst of his prowess glorious Hector slew.’ So shall some man say, and my glory shall never die.
κέκλυτέ μευ Τρῶες καὶ ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ ὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει. ὅρκια μὲν Κρονίδης ὑψίζυγος οὐκ ἐτέλεσσεν, ἀλλὰ κακὰ φρονέων τεκμαίρεται ἀμφοτέροισιν εἰς κεν ὑμεῖς Τροίην εὔπυργον ἕλητε αὐτοὶ παρὰ νηυσὶ δαμείετε ποντοπόροισιν. ὑμῖν δʼ ἐν γὰρ ἔασιν ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν· τῶν νῦν ὅν τινα θυμὸς ἐμοὶ μαχέσασθαι ἀνώγει δεῦρʼ ἴτω ἐκ πάντων πρόμος ἔμμεναι Ἕκτορι δίῳ. ὧδε δὲ μυθέομαι, Ζεὺς δʼ ἄμμʼ ἐπιμάρτυρος ἔστω· εἰ μέν κεν ἐμὲ κεῖνος ἕλῃ ταναήκεϊ χαλκῷ, τεύχεα συλήσας φερέτω κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας, σῶμα δὲ οἴκαδʼ ἐμὸν δόμεναι πάλιν, ὄφρα πυρός με Τρῶες καὶ Τρώων ἄλοχοι λελάχωσι θανόντα. εἰ δέ κʼ ἐγὼ τὸν ἕλω, δώῃ δέ μοι εὖχος Ἀπόλλων, τεύχεα σύλησας οἴσω προτὶ Ἴλιον ἱρήν, καὶ κρεμόω προτὶ νηὸν Ἀπόλλωνος ἑκάτοιο, τὸν δὲ νέκυν ἐπὶ νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἀποδώσω, ὄφρά ταρχύσωσι κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί, σῆμά τέ οἱ χεύωσιν ἐπὶ πλατεῖ Ἑλλησπόντῳ. καί ποτέ τις εἴπῃσι καὶ ὀψιγόνων ἀνθρώπων νηῒ πολυκλήϊδι πλέων ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον· ἀνδρὸς μὲν τόδε σῆμα πάλαι κατατεθνηῶτος, ὅν ποτʼ ἀριστεύοντα κατέκτανε φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ. ὥς ποτέ τις ἐρέει· τὸ δʼ ἐμὸν κλέος οὔ ποτʼ ὀλεῖται.
Lattimore commentary
Hektor’s instructions and promise foreshadow the major crisis of the end of the poem, the treatment of his corpse (an ongoing anxiety while he is alive: cf. 22.259 and 22.338). Characteristically, he adds a vivid example of what people will say in the future (cf. 6.460) when glorifying him as they view his foe’s tomb.
Lines 234–243
in no wise make thou trial of me as of some puny boy or a woman that knoweth not deeds of war. Nay, full well know I battles and slayings of men. I know well how to wield to right, and well how to wield to left my shield of seasoned hide, which I deem a sturdy thing to wield in fight; and I know how to charge into the mellay of chariots drawn by swift mares; and I know how in close fight to tread the measure of furious Ares. Yet am I not minded to smite thee, being such a one as thou art, by spying thee at unawares; but rather openly, if so be I may hit thee.
Αἶαν διογενὲς Τελαμώνιε κοίρανε λαῶν μή τί μευ ἠΰτε παιδὸς ἀφαυροῦ πειρήτιζε ἠὲ γυναικός, οὐκ οἶδεν πολεμήϊα ἔργα. αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν εὖ οἶδα μάχας τʼ ἀνδροκτασίας τε· οἶδʼ ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδʼ ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν ἀζαλέην, τό μοι ἔστι ταλαύρινον πολεμίζειν· οἶδα δʼ ἐπαΐξαι μόθον ἵππων ὠκειάων· οἶδα δʼ ἐνὶ σταδίῃ δηΐῳ μέλπεσθαι Ἄρηϊ. ἀλλʼ οὐ γάρ σʼ ἐθέλω βαλέειν τοιοῦτον ἐόντα λάθρῃ ὀπιπεύσας, ἀλλʼ ἀμφαδόν, αἴ κε τύχωμι.
Lattimore commentary
Hektor compares his knowledge of fighting to dance: the “measures” which he treads with his shield are even reflected in the meter and phrasing of these lines. A war dance in armor (pyrrhikê), well known and practiced in Classical times, surely had predecessors, to which these lines may allude.
Lines 288–302
let us now cease from battle and strife for this day; hereafter shall we fight again until God judge between us, and give victory to one side or the other. Howbeit night is now upon us, and it is well to yield obedience to night's behest, that thou mayest make glad all the Achaeans beside their ships, and most of all the kinsfolk and comrades that are thine; and I throughout the great city of king Priam shall make glad the Trojan men and Trojan women with trailing robes, who because of me will enter the gathering of the gods325.1 with thanksgivings. But come, let us both give each to the other glorious gifts, to the end that many a one of Achaeans and Trojans alike may thus say: ‘The twain verily fought in rivalry of soul-devouring strife, but thereafter made them a compact and were parted in friendship.’
Αἶαν ἐπεί τοι δῶκε θεὸς μέγεθός τε βίην τε καὶ πινυτήν, περὶ δʼ ἔγχει Ἀχαιῶν φέρτατός ἐσσι, νῦν μὲν παυσώμεσθα μάχης καὶ δηϊοτῆτος σήμερον· ὕστερον αὖτε μαχησόμεθʼ εἰς κε δαίμων ἄμμε διακρίνῃ, δώῃ δʼ ἑτέροισί γε νίκην. νὺξ δʼ ἤδη τελέθει· ἀγαθὸν καὶ νυκτὶ πιθέσθαι, ὡς σύ τʼ ἐϋφρήνῃς πάντας παρὰ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιούς, σούς τε μάλιστα ἔτας καὶ ἑταίρους, οἵ τοι ἔασιν· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ κατὰ ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος Τρῶας ἐϋφρανέω καὶ Τρῳάδας ἑλκεσιπέπλους, αἵ τέ μοι εὐχόμεναι θεῖον δύσονται ἀγῶνα. δῶρα δʼ ἄγʼ ἀλλήλοισι περικλυτὰ δώομεν ἄμφω, ὄφρά τις ὧδʼ εἴπῃσιν Ἀχαιῶν τε Τρώων τε· ἠμὲν ἐμαρνάσθην ἔριδος πέρι θυμοβόροιο, ἠδʼ αὖτʼ ἐν φιλότητι διέτμαγεν ἀρθμήσαντε.
Lattimore commentary
The end of the duel seems abrupt, with the heralds like umpires calling a game on account of nightfall. But it has made the point that the men are equally matched and fulfills the prayer of the Greeks (204) that, short of a win, Zeus grant the pair equal strength.
Lines 149
Τυδεΐδης ὑπʼ ἐμεῖο φοβεύμενος ἵκετο νῆας.
Lines 161–166
shalt thou mount upon our walls, and carry away our women in thy ships; ere that will I deal thee thy doom.
Τυδεΐδη περὶ μέν σε τίον Δαναοὶ ταχύπωλοι ἕδρῃ τε κρέασίν τε ἰδὲ πλείοις δεπάεσσι· νῦν δέ σʼ ἀτιμήσουσι· γυναικὸς ἄρʼ ἀντὶ τέτυξο. ἔρρε κακὴ γλήνη, ἐπεὶ οὐκ εἴξαντος ἐμεῖο πύργων ἡμετέρων ἐπιβήσεαι, οὐδὲ γυναῖκας ἄξεις ἐν νήεσσι· πάρος τοι δαίμονα δώσω.
Lattimore commentary
The honors mentioned—privileged seating at banquets and so on—are further expanded in the discussion of heroic rights between Glaukos and Sarpedon (at 12.310). The implicit contract (wine and food in exchange for fighting) is the background for the nearly comic rhetoric of Hektor to his horses (185) urging them to repay their upkeep.
Lines 173–183
I perceive that of a ready heart the son of Cronos hath given unto me victory and great glory, and to the Danaans woe. Fools they are, that contrived forsooth these walls, weak and of none account; these shall not withhold our might, and our horses shall lightly leap over the digged ditch. But when I be at length come amid the hollow ships, then see ye that consuming fire be not forgotten, that with fire I may burn the ships and furthermore slay the men, even the Argives beside their ships, distraught by reason of the smoke.
Τρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταὶ ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς. γιγνώσκω δʼ ὅτι μοι πρόφρων κατένευσε Κρονίων νίκην καὶ μέγα κῦδος, ἀτὰρ Δαναοῖσί γε πῆμα· νήπιοι οἳ ἄρα δὴ τάδε τείχεα μηχανόωντο ἀβλήχρʼ οὐδενόσωρα· τὰ δʼ οὐ μένος ἁμὸν ἐρύξει· ἵπποι δὲ ῥέα τάφρον ὑπερθορέονται ὀρυκτήν. ἀλλʼ ὅτε κεν δὴ νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσι γένωμαι, μνημοσύνη τις ἔπειτα πυρὸς δηΐοιο γενέσθω, ὡς πυρὶ νῆας ἐνιπρήσω, κτείνω δὲ καὶ αὐτοὺς Ἀργείους παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀτυζομένους ὑπὸ καπνοῦ.
Lines 185–197
now pay me back your tending wherewith in abundance Andromache, daughter of great-hearted Eëtion, set before you honey-hearted wheat, and mingled wine for you to drink when your souls bade you, sooner than for me, that avow me to be her stalwart husband. Nay, haste ye in pursuit, that we may take the shield of Nestor, the fame whereof now reacheth unto heaven, that it is all of gold, the rods alike and the shield itself; and may take moreover from the shoulders of horse-taming Diomedes his breastplate richly-dight, which Hephaestus wrought with toil. Could we but take these twain, then might I hope to make the Achaeans this very night embark upon their swift ships.
Ξάνθέ τε καὶ σὺ Πόδαργε καὶ Αἴθων Λάμπέ τε δῖε νῦν μοι τὴν κομιδὴν ἀποτίνετον, ἣν μάλα πολλὴν Ἀνδρομάχη θυγάτηρ μεγαλήτορος Ἠετίωνος ὑμῖν πὰρ προτέροισι μελίφρονα πυρὸν ἔθηκεν οἶνόν τʼ ἐγκεράσασα πιεῖν, ὅτε θυμὸς ἀνώγοι, ἐμοί, ὅς πέρ οἱ θαλερὸς πόσις εὔχομαι εἶναι. ἀλλʼ ἐφομαρτεῖτον καὶ σπεύδετον ὄφρα λάβωμεν ἀσπίδα Νεστορέην, τῆς νῦν κλέος οὐρανὸν ἵκει πᾶσαν χρυσείην ἔμεναι, κανόνας τε καὶ αὐτήν, αὐτὰρ ἀπʼ ὤμοιιν Διομήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο δαιδάλεον θώρηκα, τὸν Ἥφαιστος κάμε τεύχων. εἰ τούτω κε λάβοιμεν, ἐελποίμην κεν Ἀχαιοὺς αὐτονυχὶ νηῶν ἐπιβησέμεν ὠκειάων.
Lines 497–541
but now to make havoc of the ships and all the Achaeans, and so return back again to windy Ilios; but darkness came on ere that might be, the which above all else hath now saved the Argives and their ships upon the beach of the sea. So then for this present let us yield to black night and make ready our supper; loose ye from the cars your fair-maned horses, and cast fodder before them; and from the city bring ye oxen and goodly sheep with speed, and get you honey-hearted wine and bread from your houses, and furthermore gather abundant wood, that all night long until early dawn we may burn fires full many and the gleam thereof may reach to heaven, lest haply even by night the long-haired Achaeans make haste to take flight over the broad back of the sea. as he leapt upon his ship; that so others may dread to bring tearful war against the horse-taming Trojans. And let heralds, dear to Zeus, make proclamation throughout the city that stripling boys and old men of hoary temples gather them round the city upon the battlement builded of the gods; and for the women folk, let them build each one a great fire in her halls; and let a diligent watch be kept, lest an ambush enter the city while the host is afield. Thus be it, great-hearted Trojans, even as I proclaim; of counsel, good and sound for this present, be this enough; but more will I proclaim at dawn amid the horse-taming Trojans. I pray in high hope to Zeus and the other gods to drive out from hence these dogs borne by the fates, whom the fates bare on their black ships. Howbeit for the night will we guard our own selves, but in the morning at the coming of dawn arrayed in our armour let us arouse sharp battle at the hollow ships. I shall know whether the son of Tydeus, mighty Diomedes, will thrust me back from the ships to the wall, or whether I shall slay him with the bronze and bear off his bloody spoils. Tomorrow shall he come to know his valour, whether he can abide the on-coming of my spear. Nay, amid the foremost, methinks, shall he lie smitten with a spear-thrust, and full many of his comrades round about him at the rising of to-morrow's sun. I would that mine own self I might be immortal and ageless all my days, and that I might be honoured even as Athene and Apollo, so surely as now this day bringeth evil upon the Argives.
κέκλυτέ μευ Τρῶες καὶ Δάρδανοι ἠδʼ ἐπίκουροι· νῦν ἐφάμην νῆάς τʼ ὀλέσας καὶ πάντας Ἀχαιοὺς ἂψ ἀπονοστήσειν προτὶ Ἴλιον ἠνεμόεσσαν· ἀλλὰ πρὶν κνέφας ἦλθε, τὸ νῦν ἐσάωσε μάλιστα Ἀργείους καὶ νῆας ἐπὶ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης. ἀλλʼ ἤτοι νῦν μὲν πειθώμεθα νυκτὶ μελαίνῃ δόρπά τʼ ἐφοπλισόμεσθα· ἀτὰρ καλλίτριχας ἵππους λύσαθʼ ὑπὲξ ὀχέων, παρὰ δέ σφισι βάλλετʼ ἐδωδήν· ἐκ πόλιος δʼ ἄξεσθε βόας καὶ ἴφια μῆλα καρπαλίμως, οἶνον δὲ μελίφρονα οἰνίζεσθε σῖτόν τʼ ἐκ μεγάρων, ἐπὶ δὲ ξύλα πολλὰ λέγεσθε, ὥς κεν παννύχιοι μέσφʼ ἠοῦς ἠριγενείης καίωμεν πυρὰ πολλά, σέλας δʼ εἰς οὐρανὸν ἵκῃ, μή πως καὶ διὰ νύκτα κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ φεύγειν ὁρμήσωνται ἐπʼ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης. μὴ μὰν ἀσπουδί γε νεῶν ἐπιβαῖεν ἕκηλοι, ἀλλʼ ὥς τις τούτων γε βέλος καὶ οἴκοθι πέσσῃ βλήμενος ἰῷ ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι νηὸς ἐπιθρῴσκων, ἵνα τις στυγέῃσι καὶ ἄλλος Τρωσὶν ἐφʼ ἱπποδάμοισι φέρειν πολύδακρυν Ἄρηα. κήρυκες δʼ ἀνὰ ἄστυ Διῒ φίλοι ἀγγελλόντων παῖδας πρωθήβας πολιοκροτάφους τε γέροντας λέξασθαι περὶ ἄστυ θεοδμήτων ἐπὶ πύργων· θηλύτεραι δὲ γυναῖκες ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἑκάστη πῦρ μέγα καιόντων· φυλακὴ δέ τις ἔμπεδος ἔστω μὴ λόχος εἰσέλθῃσι πόλιν λαῶν ἀπεόντων. ὧδʼ ἔστω Τρῶες μεγαλήτορες ὡς ἀγορεύω· μῦθος δʼ ὃς μὲν νῦν ὑγιὴς εἰρημένος ἔστω, τὸν δʼ ἠοῦς Τρώεσσι μεθʼ ἱπποδάμοις ἀγορεύσω. ἔλπομαι εὐχόμενος Διί τʼ ἄλλοισίν τε θεοῖσιν ἐξελάαν ἐνθένδε κύνας κηρεσσιφορήτους, οὓς κῆρες φορέουσι μελαινάων ἐπὶ νηῶν. ἀλλʼ ἤτοι ἐπὶ νυκτὶ φυλάξομεν ἡμέας αὐτούς, πρῶϊ δʼ ὑπηοῖοι σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα. εἴσομαι εἴ κέ μʼ Τυδεΐδης κρατερὸς Διομήδης πὰρ νηῶν πρὸς τεῖχος ἀπώσεται, κεν ἐγὼ τὸν χαλκῷ δῃώσας ἔναρα βροτόεντα φέρωμαι. αὔριον ἣν ἀρετὴν διαείσεται, εἴ κʼ ἐμὸν ἔγχος μείνῃ ἐπερχόμενον· ἀλλʼ ἐν πρώτοισιν ὀΐω κείσεται οὐτηθείς, πολέες δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτὸν ἑταῖροι ἠελίου ἀνιόντος ἐς αὔριον· εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼν ὣς εἴην ἀθάνατος καὶ ἀγήρως ἤματα πάντα, τιοίμην δʼ ὡς τίετʼ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἀπόλλων, ὡς νῦν ἡμέρη ἥδε κακὸν φέρει Ἀργείοισιν.
Lattimore commentary
Hektor’s certainty of killing Diomedes sounds hubristic and short-sighted when contrasted with what we have heard in Zeus’ foreshadowing of events. Some critics have misconstrued his words to assert an equivalence with the gods; in fact, the “if only” wish is a rhetorical flourish highlighting the commander’s confidence for the benefit of his troops.
Lines 303–312
For I will give him a chariot and two horses with high arched necks, even those that be the best at the swift ships of the Achaeans, to the man whosoever will dare—and for himself win glory withal— to go close to the swift-faring ships, and spy out whether the swift ships be guarded as of old, or whether by now our foes, subdued beneath our hands, are planning flight among themselves and have no mind to watch the night through, being fordone with dread weariness.
τίς κέν μοι τόδε ἔργον ὑποσχόμενος τελέσειε δώρῳ ἔπι μεγάλῳ; μισθὸς δέ οἱ ἄρκιος ἔσται. δώσω γὰρ δίφρόν τε δύω τʼ ἐριαύχενας ἵππους οἵ κεν ἄριστοι ἔωσι θοῇς ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν ὅς τίς κε τλαίη, οἷ τʼ αὐτῷ κῦδος ἄροιτο, νηῶν ὠκυπόρων σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν, ἔκ τε πυθέσθαι ἠέ φυλάσσονται νῆες θοαὶ ὡς τὸ πάρος περ, ἤδη χείρεσσιν ὑφʼ ἡμετέρῃσι δαμέντες φύξιν βουλεύουσι μετὰ σφίσιν, οὐδʼ ἐθέλουσι νύκτα φυλασσέμεναι, καμάτῳ ἀδηκότες αἰνῷ.
Lattimore commentary
Hektor stresses, first, material reward rather than fame and association with the elite (cf. 212–17), as if the Trojans have different motivating priorities. The insistence by Dolon (“Tricky”) on an oath also bespeaks a more mercantile attitude.
Lines 329–331
that on those horses no other man of the Trojans shall mount, but it is thou, I declare, that shalt have glory in them continually.
ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτὸς ἐρίγδουπος πόσις Ἥρης μὴ μὲν τοῖς ἵπποισιν ἀνὴρ ἐποχήσεται ἄλλος Τρώων, ἀλλά σέ φημι διαμπερὲς ἀγλαϊεῖσθαι.
Lines 286–290
the valiant Danaans, that ye may win the glory of victory.
Τρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταὶ ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς. οἴχετʼ ἀνὴρ ὤριστος, ἐμοὶ δὲ μέγʼ εὖχος ἔδωκε Ζεὺς Κρονίδης· ἀλλʼ ἰθὺς ἐλαύνετε μώνυχας ἵππους ἰφθίμων Δαναῶν, ἵνʼ ὑπέρτερον εὖχος ἄρησθε.
Lines 231–250
seeing thou biddest me forget the counsels of loud-thundering Zeus, that himself promised me and bowed his head thereto. But thou biddest us be obedient to birds long of wing, that I regard not, nor take thought thereof, whether they fare to the right, toward the Dawn and the sun, or to the left toward the murky darkness. nay, for us, let us be obedient to the counsel of great Zeus, that is king over all mortals and immortals. One omen is best, to fight for one's country. Wherefore dost thou fear war and battle? For if the rest of us be slain one and all at the ships of the Argives, yet is there no fear that thou shouldest perish,—for thy heart is—not staunch in fight nor warlike. Howbeit, if thou shalt hold aloof from battle, or shalt beguile with thy words an other, and turn him from war, forthwith smitten by my spear shalt thou lose thy life.
Πουλυδάμα, σὺ μὲν οὐκ ἔτʼ ἐμοὶ φίλα ταῦτʼ ἀγορεύεις· οἶσθα καὶ ἄλλον μῦθον ἀμείνονα τοῦδε νοῆσαι. εἰ δʼ ἐτεὸν δὴ τοῦτον ἀπὸ σπουδῆς ἀγορεύεις, ἐξ ἄρα δή τοι ἔπειτα θεοὶ φρένας ὤλεσαν αὐτοί, ὃς κέλεαι Ζηνὸς μὲν ἐριγδούποιο λαθέσθαι βουλέων, ἅς τέ μοι αὐτὸς ὑπέσχετο καὶ κατένευσε· τύνη δʼ οἰωνοῖσι τανυπτερύγεσσι κελεύεις πείθεσθαι, τῶν οὔ τι μετατρέπομʼ οὐδʼ ἀλεγίζω εἴτʼ ἐπὶ δεξίʼ ἴωσι πρὸς ἠῶ τʼ ἠέλιόν τε, εἴτʼ ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ τοί γε ποτὶ ζόφον ἠερόεντα. ἡμεῖς δὲ μεγάλοιο Διὸς πειθώμεθα βουλῇ, ὃς πᾶσι θνητοῖσι καὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἀνάσσει. εἷς οἰωνὸς ἄριστος ἀμύνεσθαι περὶ πάτρης. τίπτε σὺ δείδοικας πόλεμον καὶ δηϊοτῆτα; εἴ περ γάρ τʼ ἄλλοι γε περὶ κτεινώμεθα πάντες νηυσὶν ἐπʼ Ἀργείων, σοὶ δʼ οὐ δέος ἔστʼ ἀπολέσθαι· οὐ γάρ τοι κραδίη μενεδήϊος οὐδὲ μαχήμων. εἰ δὲ σὺ δηϊοτῆτος ἀφέξεαι, ἠέ τινʼ ἄλλον παρφάμενος ἐπέεσσιν ἀποτρέψεις πολέμοιο, αὐτίκʼ ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσεις.
Lines 440–441
Rouse you horse-taming Trojans, break the wall of the Argives, and fling among the ships wondrous-blazing fire.
ὄρνυσθʼ ἱππόδαμοι Τρῶες, ῥήγνυσθε δὲ τεῖχος Ἀργείων καὶ νηυσὶν ἐνίετε θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ.
Lines 150–154
Ye Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians that fight in close combat, stand ye fast. No long space shall the Achaeans hold me back, for all they have arrayed themselves in fashion like a wall; nay, methinks, they will give ground before my spear, if verily the highest of gods hath urged me on, the loud-thundering lord of Hera.
Τρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταὶ παρμένετʼ· οὔ τοι δηρὸν ἐμὲ σχήσουσιν Ἀχαιοὶ καὶ μάλα πυργηδὸν σφέας αὐτοὺς ἀρτύναντες, ἀλλʼ ὀΐω χάσσονται ὑπʼ ἔγχεος, εἰ ἐτεόν με ὦρσε θεῶν ὤριστος, ἐρίγδουπος πόσις Ἥρης.
Lines 751–753
Πουλυδάμα σὺ μὲν αὐτοῦ ἐρύκακε πάντας ἀρίστους, αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ κεῖσʼ εἶμι καὶ ἀντιόω πολέμοιο· αἶψα δʼ ἐλεύσομαι αὖτις ἐπὴν εὖ τοῖς ἐπιτείλω.
Lines 769–773
where, I pray thee, is Deïphobus, and the valiant prince Helenus, and Adamas, son of Asius, and Asius, son of Hyrtacus? Aye, and where, tell me, is Othryoneus? Now is steep Ilios wholly plunged into ruin; now, thou mayest see, is utter destruction sure.
Δύσπαρι εἶδος ἄριστε γυναιμανὲς ἠπεροπευτὰ ποῦ τοι Δηΐφοβός τε βίη θʼ Ἑλένοιο ἄνακτος Ἀσιάδης τʼ Ἀδάμας ἠδʼ Ἄσιος Ὑρτάκου υἱός; ποῦ δέ τοι Ὀθρυονεύς; νῦν ὤλετο πᾶσα κατʼ ἄκρης Ἴλιος αἰπεινή· νῦν τοι σῶς αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος.
Lines 824–832
And the Argives over against them shouted in answer, and forgat not their valour, but abode the oncoming of the best of the Trojans; and the clamour of the two hosts went up to the aether and the splendour of Zeus. to abide my long spear, that shall rend thy lily-like skin; and thou shalt glut with thy fat and thy flesh the dogs and birds of the Trojans, when thou art fallen amid the ships of the Achaeans.
Αἶαν ἁμαρτοεπὲς βουγάϊε ποῖον ἔειπες· εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼν οὕτω γε Διὸς πάϊς αἰγιόχοιο εἴην ἤματα πάντα, τέκοι δέ με πότνια Ἥρη, τιοίμην δʼ ὡς τίετʼ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἀπόλλων, ὡς νῦν ἡμέρη ἥδε κακὸν φέρει Ἀργείοισι πᾶσι μάλʼ, ἐν δὲ σὺ τοῖσι πεφήσεαι, αἴ κε ταλάσσῃς μεῖναι ἐμὸν δόρυ μακρόν, τοι χρόα λειριόεντα δάψει· ἀτὰρ Τρώων κορέεις κύνας ἠδʼ οἰωνοὺς δημῷ καὶ σάρκεσσι πεσὼν ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.
Lattimore commentary
This exaggerated rhetorical expression, like that of 8.539, is not in itself impious but manages to associate Hektor with a high ambition bordering on the wish for deification.
Lines 247–252
on the breast with a stone, and made me cease from my furious might? Aye, and I deemed that on this day I should behold the dead and the house of Hades, when I had gasped forth my life.
τίς δὲ σύ ἐσσι φέριστε θεῶν ὅς μʼ εἴρεαι ἄντην; οὐκ ἀΐεις με νηυσὶν ἔπι πρυμνῇσιν Ἀχαιῶν οὓς ἑτάρους ὀλέκοντα βοὴν ἀγαθὸς βάλεν Αἴας χερμαδίῳ πρὸς στῆθος, ἔπαυσε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς; καὶ δὴ ἔγωγʼ ἐφάμην νέκυας καὶ δῶμʼ Ἀΐδαο ἤματι τῷδʼ ἵξεσθαι, ἐπεὶ φίλον ἄϊον ἦτορ.
Lines 347–351
kinsmen and kinswomen give him his due meed of fire in death, but the dogs shall rend him in front of our city.
νηυσὶν ἐπισσεύεσθαι, ἐᾶν δʼ ἔναρα βροτόεντα· ὃν δʼ ἂν ἐγὼν ἀπάνευθε νεῶν ἑτέρωθι νοήσω, αὐτοῦ οἱ θάνατον μητίσομαι, οὐδέ νυ τόν γε γνωτοί τε γνωταί τε πυρὸς λελάχωσι θανόντα, ἀλλὰ κύνες ἐρύουσι πρὸ ἄστεος ἡμετέροιο.
Lines 425–428
Ye Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians that fight in close combat, in no wise give ye ground from battle in this strait: nay, save ye the son of Clytius, lest so be the Achaeans strip him of his armour, now that he is fallen amid the gathering of the ships. So saying, he hurled at Aias with his bright spear;
Τρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταὶ μὴ δή πω χάζεσθε μάχης ἐν στείνεϊ τῷδε, ἀλλʼ υἷα Κλυτίοιο σαώσατε, μή μιν Ἀχαιοὶ τεύχεα συλήσωσι νεῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι πεσόντα.
Lines 486–499
Full easy to discern is the aid Zeus giveth to men, both to whomso he vouchsafeth the glory of victory, and whomso again he minisheth, and hath no mind to aid, even as now he minisheth the might of the Argives, and beareth aid to us. Nay, fight ye at the ships in close throngs, and if so be any of you, smitten by dart or thrust, shall meet death and fate, let him lie in death. No unseemly thing is it for him to die while fighting for his country. Nay, but his wife is safe and his children after him, and his house and his portion of land are unharmed, if but the Achaeans be gone with their ships to their dear native land.
Τρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταὶ ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς νῆας ἀνὰ γλαφυράς· δὴ γὰρ ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἀνδρὸς ἀριστῆος Διόθεν βλαφθέντα βέλεμνα. ῥεῖα δʼ ἀρίγνωτος Διὸς ἀνδράσι γίγνεται ἀλκή, ἠμὲν ὁτέοισιν κῦδος ὑπέρτερον ἐγγυαλίξῃ, ἠδʼ ὅτινας μινύθῃ τε καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλῃσιν ἀμύνειν, ὡς νῦν Ἀργείων μινύθει μένος, ἄμμι δʼ ἀρήγει. ἀλλὰ μάχεσθʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἀολλέες· ὃς δέ κεν ὑμέων βλήμενος ἠὲ τυπεὶς θάνατον καὶ πότμον ἐπίσπῃ τεθνάτω· οὔ οἱ ἀεικὲς ἀμυνομένῳ περὶ πάτρης τεθνάμεν· ἀλλʼ ἄλοχός τε σόη καὶ παῖδες ὀπίσσω, καὶ οἶκος καὶ κλῆρος ἀκήρατος, εἴ κεν Ἀχαιοὶ οἴχωνται σὺν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.
Lines 553–558
Seest thou not in what wise they are busied about the armour of Dolops? Nay, come thou on; for no longer may we fight with the Argives from afar, till either we slay them, or they utterly take steep Ilios, and slay her people.
οὕτω δὴ Μελάνιππε μεθήσομεν; οὐδέ νυ σοί περ ἐντρέπεται φίλον ἦτορ ἀνεψιοῦ κταμένοιο; οὐχ ὁράᾳς οἷον Δόλοπος περὶ τεύχεʼ ἕπουσιν; ἀλλʼ ἕπευ· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἔστιν ἀποσταδὸν Ἀργείοισι μάρνασθαι, πρίν γʼ ἠὲ κατακτάμεν ἠὲ κατʼ ἄκρης Ἴλιον αἰπεινὴν ἑλέειν κτάσθαι τε πολίτας.
Lines 718–725
to take the ships that came hither in despite of the gods, and brought us many woes, by reason of the cowardice of the elders, who, when I was eager to fight at the sterns of the ships, kept me back, and withheld the host. But if Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, then dulled our wits, now of himself he urgeth and giveth command.
οἴσετε πῦρ, ἅμα δʼ αὐτοὶ ἀολλέες ὄρνυτʼ ἀϋτήν· νῦν ἡμῖν πάντων Ζεὺς ἄξιον ἦμαρ ἔδωκε νῆας ἑλεῖν, αἳ δεῦρο θεῶν ἀέκητι μολοῦσαι ἡμῖν πήματα πολλὰ θέσαν, κακότητι γερόντων, οἵ μʼ ἐθέλοντα μάχεσθαι ἐπὶ πρυμνῇσι νέεσσιν αὐτόν τʼ ἰσχανάασκον ἐρητύοντό τε λαόν· ἀλλʼ εἰ δή ῥα τότε βλάπτε φρένας εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς ἡμετέρας, νῦν αὐτὸς ἐποτρύνει καὶ ἀνώγει.
Lattimore commentary
The first we hear of Hektor’s blame directed toward his elders for excessive caution. At 6.431 it was his wife Andromachē who urged him to stay close to the city walls.
Lines 830–842
Patroclus, thou thoughtest, I ween, that thou wouldest sack our city, and from the women of Troy wouldest take the day of freedom, and bear them in thy ships to thy dear native land, thou fool. Nay, in front of them the swift horses of Hector stride forth to the fight,and with the spear I myself am pre-eminent among the war-loving Trojans, even I that ward from them the day of doom; but for thee, vultures shall devour thee here. Ah, poor wretch, even Achilles, for all his valour, availed thee not, who, I ween, though himself abiding behind, laid strait command upon thee, as thou wentest forth: Come not back, I charge thee, Patroclus, master of horsemen,to the hollow ships, till thou hast cloven about the breast of man-slaying Hector the tunic red with his blood. So, I ween, spake he to thee, and persuaded thy wits in thy witlessness. Then, thy strength all spent, didst thou answer him, knight Patroclus: For this time, Hector, boast thou mightily; for to thee haveZeus, the son of Cronos, and Apollo, vouchsafed victory, they that subdued me full easily, for of themselves they took the harness from my shoulders. But if twenty such as thou had faced me, here would all have perished, slain by my spear. Nay, it was baneful Fate and the son of Leto that slew me,and of men Euphorbus, while thou art the third in my slaying. And another thing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart: verily thou shalt not thyself be long in life, but even now doth death stand hard by thee, and mighty fate, that thou be slain beneath the hands of Achilles, the peerless son of Aeacus. and with the spear I myself am pre-eminent among the war-loving Trojans, even I that ward from them the day of doom; but for thee, vultures shall devour thee here. Ah, poor wretch, even Achilles, for all his valour, availed thee not, who, I ween, though himself abiding behind, laid strait command upon thee, as thou wentest forth: Come not back, I charge thee, Patroclus, master of horsemen,to the hollow ships, till thou hast cloven about the breast of man-slaying Hector the tunic red with his blood. So, I ween, spake he to thee, and persuaded thy wits in thy witlessness. to the hollow ships, till thou hast cloven about the breast of man-slaying Hector the tunic red with his blood.
Πάτροκλʼ που ἔφησθα πόλιν κεραϊξέμεν ἁμήν, Τρωϊάδας δὲ γυναῖκας ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ ἀπούρας ἄξειν ἐν νήεσσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν νήπιε· τάων δὲ πρόσθʼ Ἕκτορος ὠκέες ἵπποι ποσσὶν ὀρωρέχαται πολεμίζειν· ἔγχεϊ δʼ αὐτὸς Τρωσὶ φιλοπτολέμοισι μεταπρέπω, σφιν ἀμύνω ἦμαρ ἀναγκαῖον· σὲ δέ τʼ ἐνθάδε γῦπες ἔδονται. δείλʼ, οὐδέ τοι ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν χραίσμησεν Ἀχιλλεύς, ὅς πού τοι μάλα πολλὰ μένων ἐπετέλλετʼ ἰόντι· μή μοι πρὶν ἰέναι Πατρόκλεες ἱπποκέλευθε νῆας ἔπι γλαφυρὰς πρὶν Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο αἱματόεντα χιτῶνα περὶ στήθεσσι δαΐξαι. ὥς πού σε προσέφη, σοὶ δὲ φρένας ἄφρονι πεῖθε.
Lattimore commentary
Hektor’s taunt to the dying Patroklos gets details wrong, and an audience realizes the grim irony. Achilleus, for example, did not tell him to slay Hektor. It is interesting that Hektor begins with mention of the capture of Trojan women, as if his parting conversation with Andromachē (book 6) remains foremost in his thoughts.
Lines 859–861
Who knows but that Achilles, the son of fair-tressed Thetis, may first be smitten by my spear, and lose his life?
Πατρόκλεις τί νύ μοι μαντεύεαι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον; τίς δʼ οἶδʼ εἴ κʼ Ἀχιλεὺς Θέτιδος πάϊς ἠϋκόμοιο φθήῃ ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσαι;
Lines 170–182
Glaucus, wherefore hast thou, being such a one as thou art, spoken an overweening word? Good friend, in sooth I deemed that in wisdom thou wast above all others that dwell in deep-soiled Lycia; but now have I altogether scorn of thy wits, that thou speakest thus, seeing thou sayest I stood not to face mighty Aias.I shudder not at battle, I tell thee, nor at the din of chariots, but ever is the intent of Zeus that beareth the aegis strongest, for he driveth even a valiant man in rout, and robbeth him of victory full easily, and again of himself he rouseth men to fight. Nay, come thou hither, good friend, take thy stand by my side, and behold my handiwork,whether this whole day through I shall prove me a coward, as thou pratest, or shall stay many a one of the Danaans, how fierce soever for valorous deeds he be, from fighting in defence of the dead Patroclus. I shudder not at battle, I tell thee, nor at the din of chariots, but ever is the intent of Zeus that beareth the aegis strongest, for he driveth even a valiant man in rout, and robbeth him of victory full easily, and again of himself he rouseth men to fight. Nay, come thou hither, good friend, take thy stand by my side, and behold my handiwork, whether this whole day through I shall prove me a coward, as thou pratest, or shall stay many a one of the Danaans, how fierce soever for valorous deeds he be, from fighting in defence of the dead Patroclus.
Γλαῦκε τί δὲ σὺ τοῖος ἐὼν ὑπέροπλον ἔειπες; πόποι τʼ ἐφάμην σὲ περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων τῶν ὅσσοι Λυκίην ἐριβώλακα ναιετάουσι· νῦν δέ σευ ὠνοσάμην πάγχυ φρένας οἷον ἔειπες, ὅς τέ με φῂς Αἴαντα πελώριον οὐχ ὑπομεῖναι. οὔ τοι ἐγὼν ἔρριγα μάχην οὐδὲ κτύπον ἵππων· ἀλλʼ αἰεί τε Διὸς κρείσσων νόος αἰγιόχοιο, ὅς τε καὶ ἄλκιμον ἄνδρα φοβεῖ καὶ ἀφείλετο νίκην ῥηϊδίως, ὁτὲ δʼ αὐτὸς ἐποτρύνει μαχέσασθαι. ἀλλʼ ἄγε δεῦρο πέπον, παρʼ ἔμʼ ἵστασο καὶ ἴδε ἔργον, ἠὲ πανημέριος κακὸς ἔσσομαι, ὡς ἀγορεύεις, τινα καὶ Δαναῶν ἀλκῆς μάλα περ μεμαῶτα σχήσω ἀμυνέμεναι περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος.
Lines 184–187
be men, my friends, and bethink you of furious valour, until I put upon me the armour of peerless Achilles, the goodly armour that I stripped from the mighty Patroclus, when I slew him.
Τρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταί, ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς, ὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγὼν Ἀχιλῆος ἀμύμονος ἔντεα δύω καλά, τὰ Πατρόκλοιο βίην ἐνάριξα κατακτάς.
Lines 220–232
Hear me, ye tribes uncounted of allies that dwell round about. Not because I sought for numbers or had need thereof, did I gather each man of you from, your cities, but that with ready hearts ye might save the Trojans' wives and their little children from the war-loving Achaeans.With this intent am I wasting the substance of mine own folk that ye may have gifts and food, and thereby I cause the strength of each one of you to wax. Wherefore let every man turn straight against the foe and die haply, or live; for this is the dalliance of war. And whosoever shall hale Patroclus, dead though he be,into the midst of the horse-taming Trojans, and make Aias to yield, the half of the spoils shall I render unto him, and the half shall I keep mine ownself; and his glory shall be even as mine own. So spake he, and they charged straight against the Danaans with all their weight, holding their spears on high, and their hearts within them With this intent am I wasting the substance of mine own folk that ye may have gifts and food, and thereby I cause the strength of each one of you to wax. Wherefore let every man turn straight against the foe and die haply, or live; for this is the dalliance of war. And whosoever shall hale Patroclus, dead though he be, into the midst of the horse-taming Trojans, and make Aias to yield, the half of the spoils shall I render unto him, and the half shall I keep mine ownself; and his glory shall be even as mine own.
κέκλυτε μυρία φῦλα περικτιόνων ἐπικούρων· οὐ γὰρ ἐγὼ πληθὺν διζήμενος οὐδὲ χατίζων ἐνθάδʼ ἀφʼ ὑμετέρων πολίων ἤγειρα ἕκαστον, ἀλλʼ ἵνα μοι Τρώων ἀλόχους καὶ νήπια τέκνα προφρονέως ῥύοισθε φιλοπτολέμων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν. τὰ φρονέων δώροισι κατατρύχω καὶ ἐδωδῇ λαούς, ὑμέτερον δὲ ἑκάστου θυμὸν ἀέξω. τώ τις νῦν ἰθὺς τετραμμένος ἀπολέσθω ἠὲ σαωθήτω· γὰρ πολέμου ὀαριστύς. ὃς δέ κε Πάτροκλον καὶ τεθνηῶτά περ ἔμπης Τρῶας ἐς ἱπποδάμους ἐρύσῃ, εἴξῃ δέ οἱ Αἴας, ἥμισυ τῷ ἐνάρων ἀποδάσσομαι, ἥμισυ δʼ αὐτὸς ἕξω ἐγώ· τὸ δέ οἱ κλέος ἔσσεται ὅσσον ἐμοί περ.
Lines 485–490
Aeneas, counsellor of the brazen-coated Trojans, yonder I espy the two horses of the swift-footed son of Aeacus coming forth to view into the battle with weakling charioteers. These twain might I hope to take, if thou in thy heart art willing, seeing the men would not abide the oncoming of us two,and stand to contend with us in battle. and stand to contend with us in battle.
Αἰνεία Τρώων βουληφόρε χαλκοχιτώνων ἵππω τώδʼ ἐνόησα ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο ἐς πόλεμον προφανέντε σὺν ἡνιόχοισι κακοῖσι· τώ κεν ἐελποίμην αἱρησέμεν, εἰ σύ γε θυμῷ σῷ ἐθέλεις, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἂν ἐφορμηθέντε γε νῶϊ τλαῖεν ἐναντίβιον στάντες μαχέσασθαι Ἄρηϊ.
Lines 285–309
Polydamas, this that thou sayest is no longer to my pleasure, seeing thou biddest us go back and be pent within the city. In good sooth have ye not yet had your fill of being pent within the walls? Of old all mortal men were wont to tell of Priam's city, for its wealth of gold, its wealth of bronze;but now are its goodly treasures perished from its homes, and lo, possessions full many have been sold away to Phrygia and lovely Maeonia, since great Zeus waxed wroth. But now, when the son of crooked-counselling Cronos hath vouchsafed me to win glory at the ships, and to pen the Achaeans, beside the sea,no longer, thou fool, do thou show forth counsels such as these among the folk. For not a man of the Trojans will hearken to thee; I will not suffer it. Nay, come; even as I shall bid, let us all obey: for this present take ye your supper throughout the host by companies, and take heed to keep watch, and be wakeful every man.And of the Trojans whoso is distressed beyond measure for his goods, let him gather them together and give them to the folk for them to feast thereon in common;311.1 better were it that they have profit thereof than the Achaeans. But in the morning, at the coming of Dawn, arrayed in our armour, let us arouse sharp battle at the hollow ships. But if in deed and in truth goodly Achilles is arisen by the ships, the worse shall it be for him, if he so will it. I verily will not flee from him out of dolorous war, but face to face will I stand against him, whether he shall win great victory, or haply I. Alike to all is the god of war, and lo, he slayeth him that would slay. So Hector addressed their gathering, and thereat the Trojans shouted aloud, fools that they were! for from them Pallas Athene took away their wits. To Hector they all gave praise in his ill advising, but Polydamas no man praised, albeit he devised counsel that was good. So then they took supper throughout the host; but the Achaeans but now are its goodly treasures perished from its homes, and lo, possessions full many have been sold away to Phrygia and lovely Maeonia, since great Zeus waxed wroth. But now, when the son of crooked-counselling Cronos hath vouchsafed me to win glory at the ships, and to pen the Achaeans, beside the sea, no longer, thou fool, do thou show forth counsels such as these among the folk. For not a man of the Trojans will hearken to thee; I will not suffer it. Nay, come; even as I shall bid, let us all obey: for this present take ye your supper throughout the host by companies, and take heed to keep watch, and be wakeful every man. And of the Trojans whoso is distressed beyond measure for his goods, let him gather them together and give them to the folk for them to feast thereon in common;311.1 better were it that they have profit thereof than the Achaeans. But in the morning, at the coming of Dawn, arrayed in our armour, let us arouse sharp battle at the hollow ships. But if in deed and in truth goodly Achilles is arisen by the ships, the worse shall it be for him, if he so will it. I verily will not flee from him out of dolorous war, but face to face will I stand against him, whether he shall win great victory, or haply I. Alike to all is the god of war, and lo, he slayeth him that would slay.
Πουλυδάμα σὺ μὲν οὐκέτʼ ἐμοὶ φίλα ταῦτʼ ἀγορεύεις, ὃς κέλεαι κατὰ ἄστυ ἀλήμεναι αὖτις ἰόντας. οὔ πω κεκόρησθε ἐελμένοι ἔνδοθι πύργων; πρὶν μὲν γὰρ Πριάμοιο πόλιν μέροπες ἄνθρωποι πάντες μυθέσκοντο πολύχρυσον πολύχαλκον· νῦν δὲ δὴ ἐξαπόλωλε δόμων κειμήλια καλά, πολλὰ δὲ δὴ Φρυγίην καὶ Μῃονίην ἐρατεινὴν κτήματα περνάμενʼ ἵκει, ἐπεὶ μέγας ὠδύσατο Ζεύς. νῦν δʼ ὅτε πέρ μοι ἔδωκε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω κῦδος ἀρέσθʼ ἐπὶ νηυσί, θαλάσσῃ τʼ ἔλσαι Ἀχαιούς, νήπιε μηκέτι ταῦτα νοήματα φαῖνʼ ἐνὶ δήμῳ· οὐ γάρ τις Τρώων ἐπιπείσεται· οὐ γὰρ ἐάσω. ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ εἴπω, πειθώμεθα πάντες. νῦν μὲν δόρπον ἕλεσθε κατὰ στρατὸν ἐν τελέεσσι, καὶ φυλακῆς μνήσασθε, καὶ ἐγρήγορθε ἕκαστος· Τρώων δʼ ὃς κτεάτεσσιν ὑπερφιάλως ἀνιάζει, συλλέξας λαοῖσι δότω καταδημοβορῆσαι· τῶν τινὰ βέλτερόν ἐστιν ἐπαυρέμεν περ Ἀχαιούς. πρῶϊ δʼ ὑπηοῖοι σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα. εἰ δʼ ἐτεὸν παρὰ ναῦφιν ἀνέστη δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς, ἄλγιον αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσι τῷ ἔσσεται· οὔ μιν ἔγωγε φεύξομαι ἐκ πολέμοιο δυσηχέος, ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἄντην στήσομαι, κε φέρῃσι μέγα κράτος, κε φεροίμην. ξυνὸς Ἐνυάλιος, καί τε κτανέοντα κατέκτα.
Lattimore commentary
Hektor interprets Poulydamas’ words as demagogic pleading and so calls his bluff by challenging one who cares about possessions (by implication, one who urged immediate concern for the city) to distribute goods to the dêmos before the Greeks acquire them.
Lines 366–372
but a part thereof will he fulfill, and a part leave incomplete. Against him will I go forth, though his hands be even as fire, though his hands be as fire and his fury as the flashing steel.
Τρῶες ὑπέρθυμοι μὴ δείδιτε Πηλεΐωνα. καί κεν ἐγὼ ἐπέεσσι καὶ ἀθανάτοισι μαχοίμην, ἔγχεϊ δʼ ἀργαλέον, ἐπεὶ πολὺ φέρτεροί εἰσιν. οὐδʼ Ἀχιλεὺς πάντεσσι τέλος μύθοις ἐπιθήσει, ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν τελέει, τὸ δὲ καὶ μεσσηγὺ κολούει. τοῦ δʼ ἐγὼ ἀντίος εἶμι καὶ εἰ πυρὶ χεῖρας ἔοικεν, εἰ πυρὶ χεῖρας ἔοικε, μένος δʼ αἴθωνι σιδήρῳ.
Lattimore commentary
The immediate repetition of a half line (a figure of speech called epanalepsis) expresses tense emotion, as if the speaker is fascinated with one thought: cf. 22.127.
Lines 431–437
Yet these things verily lie on the knees of the gods, whether I,albeit the weaker, shall rob thee of life with a cast of my spear; for my missile too hath been found keen ere now.
Πηλεΐδη μὴ δὴ ἐπέεσσί με νηπύτιον ὣς ἔλπεο δειδίξεσθαι, ἐπεὶ σάφα οἶδα καὶ αὐτὸς ἠμὲν κερτομίας ἠδʼ αἴσυλα μυθήσασθαι. οἶδα δʼ ὅτι σὺ μὲν ἐσθλός, ἐγὼ δὲ σέθεν πολὺ χείρων. ἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται, αἴ κέ σε χειρότερός περ ἐὼν ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἕλωμαι δουρὶ βαλών, ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐμὸν βέλος ὀξὺ πάροιθεν.
Lines 99–130
Polydamas will be the first to put reproach upon me, for that he bade me lead the Trojans to the city during this fatal night, when goodly Achilles arose. Howbeit I hearkened not—verily it had been better far! But now, seeing I have brought the host to ruin in my blind folly, I have shame of the Trojans, and the Trojans' wives with trailing robes, lest haply some other baser man may say: ‘Hector, trusting in his own might, brought ruin on the host.’ So will they say; but for me it were better far to meet Achilles man to man and shay him, and so get me home, or myself perish gloriously before the city. and with her all the store of treasure that Alexander brought in his hollow ships to Troy —the which was the beginning of strife—will we give to the sons of Atreus to take away, and furthermore and separate therefrom will make due division with the Achaeans of all that this city holdeth; and if thereafter I take from the Trojans an oath sworn by the elders that they will hide nothing, but will divide all in twain, even all the treasure that the lovely city holdeth within? But why doth my heart thus hold converse with me? Let it not be that I go and draw nigh him, but he then pity me not nor anywise have reverence unto me, but slay me out of hand all unarmed, as I were a woman, when I have put from me mine armour. In no wise may I now from oak-tree or from rock hold dalliance with him, even as youth and maiden—youth and maiden! —hold dalliance one with the other. Better were it to clash in strife with all speed; let us know to which of us twain the Olympian will vouchsafe glory.
μοι ἐγών, εἰ μέν κε πύλας καὶ τείχεα δύω, Πουλυδάμας μοι πρῶτος ἐλεγχείην ἀναθήσει, ὅς μʼ ἐκέλευε Τρωσὶ ποτὶ πτόλιν ἡγήσασθαι νύχθʼ ὕπο τήνδʼ ὀλοὴν ὅτε τʼ ὤρετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς. ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ οὐ πιθόμην· τʼ ἂν πολὺ κέρδιον ἦεν. νῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ ὤλεσα λαὸν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ἐμῇσιν, αἰδέομαι Τρῶας καὶ Τρῳάδας ἑλκεσιπέπλους, μή ποτέ τις εἴπῃσι κακώτερος ἄλλος ἐμεῖο· Ἕκτωρ ἧφι βίηφι πιθήσας ὤλεσε λαόν. ὣς ἐρέουσιν· ἐμοὶ δὲ τότʼ ἂν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη ἄντην Ἀχιλῆα κατακτείναντα νέεσθαι, ἠέ κεν αὐτῷ ὀλέσθαι ἐϋκλειῶς πρὸ πόληος. εἰ δέ κεν ἀσπίδα μὲν καταθείομαι ὀμφαλόεσσαν καὶ κόρυθα βριαρήν, δόρυ δὲ πρὸς τεῖχος ἐρείσας αὐτὸς ἰὼν Ἀχιλῆος ἀμύμονος ἀντίος ἔλθω καί οἱ ὑπόσχωμαι Ἑλένην καὶ κτήμαθʼ ἅμʼ αὐτῇ, πάντα μάλʼ ὅσσά τʼ Ἀλέξανδρος κοίλῃς ἐνὶ νηυσὶν ἠγάγετο Τροίηνδʼ, τʼ ἔπλετο νείκεος ἀρχή, δωσέμεν Ἀτρεΐδῃσιν ἄγειν, ἅμα δʼ ἀμφὶς Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλλʼ ἀποδάσσεσθαι ὅσα τε πτόλις ἥδε κέκευθε· Τρωσὶν δʼ αὖ μετόπισθε γερούσιον ὅρκον ἕλωμαι μή τι κατακρύψειν, ἀλλʼ ἄνδιχα πάντα δάσασθαι κτῆσιν ὅσην πτολίεθρον ἐπήρατον ἐντὸς ἐέργει· ἀλλὰ τί μοι ταῦτα φίλος διελέξατο θυμός; μή μιν ἐγὼ μὲν ἵκωμαι ἰών, δέ μʼ οὐκ ἐλεήσει οὐδέ τί μʼ αἰδέσεται, κτενέει δέ με γυμνὸν ἐόντα αὔτως ὥς τε γυναῖκα, ἐπεί κʼ ἀπὸ τεύχεα δύω. οὐ μέν πως νῦν ἔστιν ἀπὸ δρυὸς οὐδʼ ἀπὸ πέτρης τῷ ὀαριζέμεναι, τε παρθένος ἠΐθεός τε παρθένος ἠΐθεός τʼ ὀαρίζετον ἀλλήλοιιν. βέλτερον αὖτʼ ἔριδι ξυνελαυνέμεν ὅττι τάχιστα· εἴδομεν ὁπποτέρῳ κεν Ὀλύμπιος εὖχος ὀρέξῃ.
Lattimore commentary
As earlier (6.441), Hektor is trapped by his sense of shame and pride, always imagining (to the extent of quoting) what others will say. He briefly considers a pact involving the return of Helen and payment of punitive damages, but rejects it as possibly leading to a disgraceful death.
Lines 233–237
but now I deem that I shall honour thee in my heart even more, seeing thou hast dared for my sake, when thine eyes beheld me, to come forth from out the wall, while the others abide within.
Δηΐφοβʼ μέν μοι τὸ πάρος πολὺ φίλτατος ἦσθα γνωτῶν οὓς Ἑκάβη ἠδὲ Πρίαμος τέκε παῖδας· νῦν δʼ ἔτι καὶ μᾶλλον νοέω φρεσὶ τιμήσασθαι, ὃς ἔτλης ἐμεῦ εἵνεκʼ, ἐπεὶ ἴδες ὀφθαλμοῖσι, τείχεος ἐξελθεῖν, ἄλλοι δʼ ἔντοσθε μένουσι.
Lines 250–259
No longer, son of Peleus, will I flee from thee, as before I thrice fled around the great city of Priam, nor ever had the heart to abide thy onset; but now again my spirit biddeth me stand and face thee, whether I slay or be slain. But come hither, let us call the gods to witness, for they shall be the bestwitnesses and guardians of our covenant: I will do unto thee no foul despite, if Zeus grant me strength to outstay thee, and I take thy life; but when I have stripped from thee thy glorious armour, Achilles, I will give thy dead body back to the Achaeans; and so too do thou. witnesses and guardians of our covenant: I will do unto thee no foul despite, if Zeus grant me strength to outstay thee, and I take thy life; but when I have stripped from thee thy glorious armour, Achilles, I will give thy dead body back to the Achaeans; and so too do thou.
οὔ σʼ ἔτι Πηλέος υἱὲ φοβήσομαι, ὡς τὸ πάρος περ τρὶς περὶ ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμου δίον, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἔτλην μεῖναι ἐπερχόμενον· νῦν αὖτέ με θυμὸς ἀνῆκε στήμεναι ἀντία σεῖο· ἕλοιμί κεν κεν ἁλοίην. ἀλλʼ ἄγε δεῦρο θεοὺς ἐπιδώμεθα· τοὶ γὰρ ἄριστοι μάρτυροι ἔσσονται καὶ ἐπίσκοποι ἁρμονιάων· οὐ γὰρ ἐγώ σʼ ἔκπαγλον ἀεικιῶ, αἴ κεν ἐμοὶ Ζεὺς δώῃ καμμονίην, σὴν δὲ ψυχὴν ἀφέλωμαι· ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ ἄρ κέ σε συλήσω κλυτὰ τεύχεʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ νεκρὸν Ἀχαιοῖσιν δώσω πάλιν· ὣς δὲ σὺ ῥέζειν.
Lattimore commentary
Hektor apparently still believes Achilleus can be persuaded at least to a covenant covering burial procedures, despite his decision (123) that further negotiation with Achilleus is out of the question.
Lines 279–288
verily thou thoughtest it. Howbeit thou wast but glib of tongue and a cunning knave in speech, to the end that seized with fear of thee I might be forgetful of my might and my valour. Not as I flee shalt thou plant thy spear in my back; nay, as I charge upon thee drive thou it straight through my breast, if a god hath vouchsafed thee this. Now in turn avoid thou my spear of bronze. Would that thou mightest take it all into thy flesh! So would war be lighter for the Trojans, if thou wert but dead; for thou art their greatest bane.
ἤμβροτες, οὐδʼ ἄρα πώ τι θεοῖς ἐπιείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ ἐκ Διὸς ἠείδης τὸν ἐμὸν μόρον, τοι ἔφης γε· ἀλλά τις ἀρτιεπὴς καὶ ἐπίκλοπος ἔπλεο μύθων, ὄφρά σʼ ὑποδείσας μένεος ἀλκῆς τε λάθωμαι. οὐ μέν μοι φεύγοντι μεταφρένῳ ἐν δόρυ πήξεις, ἀλλʼ ἰθὺς μεμαῶτι διὰ στήθεσφιν ἔλασσον εἴ τοι ἔδωκε θεός· νῦν αὖτʼ ἐμὸν ἔγχος ἄλευαι χάλκεον· ὡς δή μιν σῷ ἐν χροῒ πᾶν κομίσαιο. καί κεν ἐλαφρότερος πόλεμος Τρώεσσι γένοιτο σεῖο καταφθιμένοιο· σὺ γάρ σφισι πῆμα μέγιστον.
Lines 297–305
Now of a surety is evil death nigh at hand, and no more afar from me, neither is there way of escape. So I ween from of old was the good pleasure of Zeus, and of the son of Zeus, the god that smiteth afar, even of them that aforetime were wont to succour me with ready hearts; but now again is my doom come upon me. Nay, but not without a struggle let me die, neither ingloriously, but in the working of some great deed for the hearing of men that are yet to be.
πόποι μάλα δή με θεοὶ θάνατόνδε κάλεσσαν· Δηΐφοβον γὰρ ἔγωγʼ ἐφάμην ἥρωα παρεῖναι· ἀλλʼ μὲν ἐν τείχει, ἐμὲ δʼ ἐξαπάτησεν Ἀθήνη. νῦν δὲ δὴ ἐγγύθι μοι θάνατος κακός, οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἄνευθεν, οὐδʼ ἀλέη· γάρ ῥα πάλαι τό γε φίλτερον ἦεν Ζηνί τε καὶ Διὸς υἷι ἑκηβόλῳ, οἵ με πάρος γε πρόφρονες εἰρύατο· νῦν αὖτέ με μοῖρα κιχάνει. μὴ μὰν ἀσπουδί γε καὶ ἀκλειῶς ἀπολοίμην, ἀλλὰ μέγα ῥέξας τι καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι.
Lattimore commentary
The realization that he has been tricked is all the more swift and grim, since moments earlier Hektor could seriously doubt that the gods were helping Achilleus (279), even though the audience knew better.
Lines 338–343
nay, take thou store of bronze and gold, gifts that my fathec and queenly mother shall give thee, but my bodv give thou back to my home, that the Trojans and the Trojans' wives may give me my due meed of fire in my death.
λίσσομʼ ὑπὲρ ψυχῆς καὶ γούνων σῶν τε τοκήων, μή με ἔα παρὰ νηυσὶ κύνας καταδάψαι Ἀχαιῶν, ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν χαλκόν τε ἅλις χρυσόν τε δέδεξο, δῶρα τά τοι δώσουσι πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ, σῶμα δὲ οἴκαδʼ ἐμὸν δόμεναι πάλιν, ὄφρα πυρός με Τρῶες καὶ Τρώων ἄλοχοι λελάχωσι θανόντα.
Lattimore commentary
Hektor’s repeated request for kind treatment of his corpse appears to be out of consideration for his family’s feelings. It instead prompts an outburst that shows the depth of Achilleus’ rage: his desire to have the strength to eat Hektor’s flesh (347).
Lines 356–360
valorous though thou art, at the Scaean gate.
σʼ εὖ γιγνώσκων προτιόσσομαι, οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον πείσειν· γὰρ σοί γε σιδήρεος ἐν φρεσὶ θυμός. φράζεο νῦν, μή τοί τι θεῶν μήνιμα γένωμαι ἤματι τῷ ὅτε κέν σε Πάρις καὶ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων ἐσθλὸν ἐόντʼ ὀλέσωσιν ἐνὶ Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσιν.
Lattimore commentary
This is the most detailed prediction yet of the manner and causes of Achilleus’ death. It follows the pattern of prophetic last words (e. g., 16.852).