Seba.Health

The Iliad 6.1–15

The Iliad 6.1–15
So was the dread strife of the Trojans and Achaeans left to itself, and oft to this side and to that surged the battle over the plain, as they aimed one at the other their bronze-tipped spears between the Simoïs and the streams of Xanthus. Aias, son of Telamon, bulwark of the Achaeans was first to break a battalion of the Trojans, and to bring a light of deliverance to his comrades, for he smote a man that was chiefest among the Thracians, even Eüssorus' son Acamas, a valiant man and tall. Him he was first to smite upon the horn of his helmet with thick crest of horse-hair, and drave the spear into his forehead so that the point of bronze pierced within the bone; and darkness enfolded his eyes. And Diomedes, good at the war-cry, slew Axylus, Teuthras' son, that dwelt in well-built Arisbe, a man rich in substance, that was beloved of all men; for he dwelt in a home by the high-road and was wont to give entertainment to all. Howbeit of all these was there not one on this day to meet the foe before his face, and ward from him woeful destruction; but Diomedes robbed the twain of life, himself and his squire Calesius, that was then the driver of his car; so they two passed beneath the earth.
Τρώων δʼ οἰώθη καὶ Ἀχαιῶν φύλοπις αἰνή· πολλὰ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθʼ ἴθυσε μάχη πεδίοιο ἀλλήλων ἰθυνομένων χαλκήρεα δοῦρα μεσσηγὺς Σιμόεντος ἰδὲ Ξάνθοιο ῥοάων. Αἴας δὲ πρῶτος Τελαμώνιος ἕρκος Ἀχαιῶν Τρώων ῥῆξε φάλαγγα, φόως δʼ ἑτάροισιν ἔθηκεν, ἄνδρα βαλὼν ὃς ἄριστος ἐνὶ Θρῄκεσσι τέτυκτο υἱὸν Ἐϋσσώρου Ἀκάμαντʼ ἠΰν τε μέγαν τε. τόν ῥʼ ἔβαλε πρῶτος κόρυθος φάλον ἱπποδασείης, ἐν δὲ μετώπῳ πῆξε, πέρησε δʼ ἄρʼ ὀστέον εἴσω αἰχμὴ χαλκείη· τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψεν. Ἄξυλον δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπεφνε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης Τευθρανίδην, ὃς ἔναιεν ἐϋκτιμένῃ ἐν Ἀρίσβῃ ἀφνειὸς βιότοιο, φίλος δʼ ἦν ἀνθρώποισι. πάντας γὰρ φιλέεσκεν ὁδῷ ἔπι οἰκία ναίων.
Lattimore commentary
Fighting throughout the poem presents an alternation of mass formations—the “battalion” (phalanx)—and looser, individual engagements against the foe. This may not be far from the reality of archaic warfare. Around 700–650 BC, Greek states began employing the fast-moving collision force of contingents of hoplites (heavily armed men) who maintained close formation. This tactic left little room or time for the display of heroic individualism. It may have been known to the poet of the Iliad, but is never unambiguously depicted in the poem.
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