Seba.Health

The Iliad 23.161–175

The Iliad 23.161–175
and on the topmost part thereof they set the dead man, their hearts sorrow-laden. And many goodly sheep and many sleek kine of shambling gait they flayed and dressed before the pyre; and from them all great-souled Achilles gathered the fat, and enfolded the dead therein from head to foot, and about him heaped the flayed bodies. And thereon he set two-handled jars of honey and oil, leaning them against the bier; and four horses with high arched neeks he cast swiftly upon the pyre, groaning aloud the while. Nine dogs had the prince, that fed beneath his table, and of these did Achilles cut the throats of twain, and cast them upon the pyre. And twelve valiant sons of the great-souled Trojans slew he with the bronze—and grim was the work he purposed in his heart and thereto he set the iron might of fire, to range at large. Then he uttered a groan, and called on his dear comrade by name: Hail, I bid thee, O Patroclus, even in the house of Hades,for now am I bringing all to pass, which afore-time I promised thee. Twelve valiant sons of the great-souled Trojans, lo all these together with thee the flame devoureth; but Hector, son of Priam, will I nowise give to the fire to feed upon, but to dogs. So spake he threatening, but with Hector might no dogs deal;
αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τό γʼ ἄκουσεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων, αὐτίκα λαὸν μὲν σκέδασεν κατὰ νῆας ἐΐσας, κηδεμόνες δὲ παρʼ αὖθι μένον καὶ νήεον ὕλην, ποίησαν δὲ πυρὴν ἑκατόμπεδον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα, ἐν δὲ πυρῇ ὑπάτῃ νεκρὸν θέσαν ἀχνύμενοι κῆρ. πολλὰ δὲ ἴφια μῆλα καὶ εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς πρόσθε πυρῆς ἔδερόν τε καὶ ἄμφεπον· ἐκ δʼ ἄρα πάντων δημὸν ἑλὼν ἐκάλυψε νέκυν μεγάθυμος Ἀχιλλεὺς ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς, περὶ δὲ δρατὰ σώματα νήει. ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει μέλιτος καὶ ἀλείφατος ἀμφιφορῆας πρὸς λέχεα κλίνων· πίσυρας δʼ ἐριαύχενας ἵππους ἐσσυμένως ἐνέβαλλε πυρῇ μεγάλα στεναχίζων. ἐννέα τῷ γε ἄνακτι τραπεζῆες κύνες ἦσαν, καὶ μὲν τῶν ἐνέβαλλε πυρῇ δύο δειροτομήσας, δώδεκα δὲ Τρώων μεγαθύμων υἱέας ἐσθλοὺς
Lattimore commentary
Tombs at Lefkandi in Euboea (tenth century BC) and Salamis in Cyprus, among others, have yielded multiple skeletons of horses, sometimes with chariots, in what are clearly aristocratic burials. Evidence for human sacrifice at burial sites in Greece is rare but not unattested: the early site of Lefkandi seems to offer some.
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