The Iliad 23.123–137

Then down upon the shore they cast these, man after man, where Achilles planned a great barrow for Patroclus and for himself. But when on all sides they had cast down the measureless wood, they sate them down there and abode, all in one throng. And Achilles straightway bade the war-loving Myrmidons gird them about with bronze, and yoke each man his horses to his car. And they arose and did on their armour and mounted their chariots,warriors and charioteers alike. In front fared the men in chariots, and thereafter followed a cloud of footmen, a host past counting and in the midst his comrades bare Patroclus. And as with a garment they wholly covered the corpse with their hair that they shore off and cast thereon; and behind them goodly Achilles clasped the head, sorrowing the while; for peerless was the comrade whom he was speeding to the house of Hades.

πάντες δʼ ὑλοτόμοι φιτροὺς φέρον· ὡς γὰρ ἀνώγει Μηριόνης θεράπων ἀγαπήνορος Ἰδομενῆος. κὰδ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ ἀκτῆς βάλλον ἐπισχερώ, ἔνθʼ ἄρʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς φράσσατο Πατρόκλῳ μέγα ἠρίον ἠδὲ οἷ αὐτῷ. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πάντῃ παρακάββαλον ἄσπετον ὕλην ἥατʼ ἄρʼ αὖθι μένοντες ἀολλέες. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς αὐτίκα Μυρμιδόνεσσι φιλοπτολέμοισι κέλευσε χαλκὸν ζώννυσθαι, ζεῦξαι δʼ ὑπʼ ὄχεσφιν ἕκαστον ἵππους· οἳ δʼ ὄρνυντο καὶ ἐν τεύχεσσιν ἔδυνον, ἂν δʼ ἔβαν ἐν δίφροισι παραιβάται ἡνίοχοί τε, πρόσθε μὲν ἱππῆες, μετὰ δὲ νέφος εἵπετο πεζῶν μυρίοι· ἐν δὲ μέσοισι φέρον Πάτροκλον ἑταῖροι. θριξὶ δὲ πάντα νέκυν καταείνυσαν, ἃς ἐπέβαλλον κειρόμενοι· ὄπιθεν δὲ κάρη ἔχε δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς ἀχνύμενος· ἕταρον γὰρ ἀμύμονα πέμπʼ Ἄϊδος δέ.

Lattimore commentary

Cutting of hair was an outward sign of grief and symbolic separation. The additional detail that the corpse was thereby covered expresses the sheer number of sorrowing companions. Achilleus had vowed to keep his long hair until, on his return, he would honor the river Spercheios with his locks (significantly, as the gesture often accompanies initiation rituals). Now his hair-cutting will be redirected into a mourning dedication.

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