The Iliad 2.546–560

and there the youths of the Athenians, as the years roll on in their courses, seek to win his favour with sacrifices of bulls and rams;—these again had as leader Menestheus, son of Peteos. Like unto him was none other man upon the face of the earth for the marshalling of chariots and of warriors that bear the shield. Only Nestor could vie with him, for he was the elder. And with him there followed fifty black ships. And Aias led from Salamis twelve ships, and stationed them where the battalions of the Athenians stood. And they that held Argos and Tiryns, famed for its walls, and Hermione and Asine, that enfold the deep gulf, Troezen and Eïonae and vine-clad Epidaurus, and the youths of the Achaeans that held Aegina and Mases,—these again had as leaders Diomedes, good at the war-cry, and Sthenelus, dear son of glorious Capaneus.

οἳ δʼ ἄρʼ Ἀθήνας εἶχον ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον δῆμον Ἐρεχθῆος μεγαλήτορος, ὅν ποτʼ Ἀθήνη θρέψε Διὸς θυγάτηρ, τέκε δὲ ζείδωρος ἄρουρα, κὰδ δʼ ἐν Ἀθήνῃς εἷσεν ἑῷ ἐν πίονι νηῷ· ἔνθα δέ μιν ταύροισι καὶ ἀρνειοῖς ἱλάονται κοῦροι Ἀθηναίων περιτελλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν· τῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευʼ υἱὸς Πετεῶο Μενεσθεύς. τῷ δʼ οὔ πώ τις ὁμοῖος ἐπιχθόνιος γένετʼ ἀνὴρ κοσμῆσαι ἵππους τε καὶ ἀνέρας ἀσπιδιώτας· Νέστωρ οἶος ἔριζεν· ὃ γὰρ προγενέστερος ἦεν· τῷ δʼ ἅμα πεντήκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο. Αἴας δʼ ἐκ Σαλαμῖνος ἄγεν δυοκαίδεκα νῆας, στῆσε δʼ ἄγων ἵνʼ Ἀθηναίων ἵσταντο φάλαγγες. οἳ δʼ Ἄργός τʼ εἶχον Τίρυνθά τε τειχιόεσσαν Ἑρμιόνην Ἀσίνην τε, βαθὺν κατὰ κόλπον ἐχούσας,

Lattimore commentary

Erechtheus was born directly from the earth (and is thus “autochthonous”—as later Athenians, like a number of Native American tribes, claimed to be), although Athene is his patron and in some versions foster mother. His establishment in her temple reflects the representation of a hero cult, as do the annual sacrifices—perhaps a reminiscence of something like the annual Panathenaic festival. From an early period of Homeric criticism, this line has been suspected as an Athenian interpolation (attributed either to Solon or Peisistratos in the sixth century BC) intended to make a political claim for Salamis in the face of competition from Megara.

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