Seba.Health

The Iliad 2.284–332

The Iliad 2.284–332
the most despised among all mortal men, nor will they fulfill the promise that they made to thee, while faring hitherward from Argos, the pasture-land of horses, that not until thou hadst sacked well-walled Ilios shouldest thou get thee home. For like little children or widow women do they wail each to the other in longing to return home. Verily there is toil enough to make a man return disheartened. For he that abideth but one single month far from his wife in his benched ship hath vexation of heart, even he whom winter blasts and surging seas keep afar; but for us is the ninth year at its turn, while we abide here; wherefore I count it not shame that the Achaeans have vexation of heart beside their beaked ships; yet even so it is a shameful thing to tarry long, and return empty. Endure, my friends, and abide for a time, that we may know whether the prophecies of Calchas be true, or no. and we round about a spring were offering to the immortals upon the holy altars hecatombs that bring fulfillment, beneath a fair plane-tree from whence flowed the bright water; then appeared a great portent: a serpent, blood-red on the back, terrible, whom the Olympian himself had sent forth to the light, glided from beneath the altar and darted to the plane-tree. Now upon this were the younglings of a sparrow, tender little ones, on the topmost bough, cowering beneath the leaves, eight in all, and the mother that bare them was the ninth, Then the serpent devoured them as they twittered piteously, and the mother fluttered around them, wailing for her dear little ones; howbeit he coiled himself and caught her by the wing as she screamed about him. But when he had devoured the sparrow's little ones and the mother with them, the god, who had brought him to the light, made him to be unseen; for the son of crooked-counselling Cronos turned him to stone; and we stood there and marveled at what was wrought. So, when the dread portent brake in upon the hecatombs of the gods, then straightway did Calchas prophesy, and address our gathering, saying: 'Why are ye thus silent, ye long-haired Achaeans? To us hath Zeus the counsellor shewed this great sign, late in coming, late in fulfillment, the fame whereof shall never perish. Even as this serpent devoured the sparrow's little ones and the mother with them—the eight, and the mother that bare them was the ninth—so shall we war there for so many years, but in the tenth shall we take the broad-wayed city.' On this wise spake Calchas, and now all this is verily being brought to pass. Nay, come, abide ye all, ye well-greaved Achaeans, even where ye are, until we take the great city of Priam.
Ἀτρεΐδη νῦν δή σε ἄναξ ἐθέλουσιν Ἀχαιοὶ πᾶσιν ἐλέγχιστον θέμεναι μερόπεσσι βροτοῖσιν, οὐδέ τοι ἐκτελέουσιν ὑπόσχεσιν ἥν περ ὑπέσταν ἐνθάδʼ ἔτι στείχοντες ἀπʼ Ἄργεος ἱπποβότοιο Ἴλιον ἐκπέρσαντʼ εὐτείχεον ἀπονέεσθαι. ὥς τε γὰρ παῖδες νεαροὶ χῆραί τε γυναῖκες ἀλλήλοισιν ὀδύρονται οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι. μὴν καὶ πόνος ἐστὶν ἀνιηθέντα νέεσθαι· καὶ γάρ τίς θʼ ἕνα μῆνα μένων ἀπὸ ἧς ἀλόχοιο ἀσχαλάᾳ σὺν νηῒ πολυζύγῳ, ὅν περ ἄελλαι χειμέριαι εἰλέωσιν ὀρινομένη τε θάλασσα· ἡμῖν δʼ εἴνατός ἐστι περιτροπέων ἐνιαυτὸς ἐνθάδε μιμνόντεσσι· τὼ οὐ νεμεσίζομʼ Ἀχαιοὺς ἀσχαλάαν παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν· ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔμπης αἰσχρόν τοι δηρόν τε μένειν κενεόν τε νέεσθαι. τλῆτε φίλοι, καὶ μείνατʼ ἐπὶ χρόνον ὄφρα δαῶμεν ἐτεὸν Κάλχας μαντεύεται ἦε καὶ οὐκί. εὖ γὰρ δὴ τόδε ἴδμεν ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἐστὲ δὲ πάντες μάρτυροι, οὓς μὴ κῆρες ἔβαν θανάτοιο φέρουσαι· χθιζά τε καὶ πρωΐζʼ ὅτʼ ἐς Αὐλίδα νῆες Ἀχαιῶν ἠγερέθοντο κακὰ Πριάμῳ καὶ Τρωσὶ φέρουσαι, ἡμεῖς δʼ ἀμφὶ περὶ κρήνην ἱεροὺς κατὰ βωμοὺς ἕρδομεν ἀθανάτοισι τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας καλῇ ὑπὸ πλατανίστῳ ὅθεν ῥέεν ἀγλαὸν ὕδωρ· ἔνθʼ ἐφάνη μέγα σῆμα· δράκων ἐπὶ νῶτα δαφοινὸς σμερδαλέος, τόν ῥʼ αὐτὸς Ὀλύμπιος ἧκε φόως δέ, βωμοῦ ὑπαΐξας πρός ῥα πλατάνιστον ὄρουσεν. ἔνθα δʼ ἔσαν στρουθοῖο νεοσσοί, νήπια τέκνα, ὄζῳ ἐπʼ ἀκροτάτῳ πετάλοις ὑποπεπτηῶτες ὀκτώ, ἀτὰρ μήτηρ ἐνάτη ἦν τέκε τέκνα· ἔνθʼ γε τοὺς ἐλεεινὰ κατήσθιε τετριγῶτας· μήτηρ δʼ ἀμφεποτᾶτο ὀδυρομένη φίλα τέκνα· τὴν δʼ ἐλελιξάμενος πτέρυγος λάβεν ἀμφιαχυῖαν. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ τέκνα φάγε στρουθοῖο καὶ αὐτήν, τὸν μὲν ἀρίζηλον θῆκεν θεὸς ὅς περ ἔφηνε· λᾶαν γάρ μιν ἔθηκε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω· ἡμεῖς δʼ ἑσταότες θαυμάζομεν οἷον ἐτύχθη. ὡς οὖν δεινὰ πέλωρα θεῶν εἰσῆλθʼ ἑκατόμβας, Κάλχας δʼ αὐτίκʼ ἔπειτα θεοπροπέων ἀγόρευε· τίπτʼ ἄνεῳ ἐγένεσθε κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί; ἡμῖν μὲν τόδʼ ἔφηνε τέρας μέγα μητίετα Ζεὺς ὄψιμον ὀψιτέλεστον, ὅου κλέος οὔ ποτʼ ὀλεῖται. ὡς οὗτος κατὰ τέκνα φάγε στρουθοῖο καὶ αὐτὴν ὀκτώ, ἀτὰρ μήτηρ ἐνάτη ἦν τέκε τέκνα, ὣς ἡμεῖς τοσσαῦτʼ ἔτεα πτολεμίξομεν αὖθι, τῷ δεκάτῳ δὲ πόλιν αἱρήσομεν εὐρυάγυιαν. κεῖνος τὼς ἀγόρευε· τὰ δὴ νῦν πάντα τελεῖται. ἀλλʼ ἄγε μίμνετε πάντες ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς κεν ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο ἕλωμεν.
Lattimore commentary
Odysseus’ rhetorical technique is to induce guilt in the Greeks by blaming them for not keeping their own promises (rather than by doubting Zeus). After showing his sympathy for the sufferings of his audience (292), he vividly evokes the portent interpreted by Kalchas and rouses the troops with his conclusion that the prophesied time has come.
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