The Iliad 17.402–414

that he was dead, but that he would return alive, after he had reached even to the gates; nor yet thought he this in any wise, that Patroclus would sack the city without him, nay, nor with him, for full often had he heard this from his mother, listening to her privily, whenso she brought him tidings of the purpose of great Zeus. Howbeit then his mother told him not how great an evil had been brought to pass, that his comrade, far the dearest, had been slain. But the others round about the corpse, with sharp spears in their hands, ever pressed on continually, and slew each other. And thus would one of the brazen-coated Achaeans say:

ᾔδεε Πάτροκλον τεθνηότα δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς· πολλὸν γὰρ ῥʼ ἀπάνευθε νεῶν μάρναντο θοάων τείχει ὕπο Τρώων· τό μιν οὔ ποτε ἔλπετο θυμῷ τεθνάμεν, ἀλλὰ ζωὸν ἐνιχριμφθέντα πύλῃσιν ἂψ ἀπονοστήσειν, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ τὸ ἔλπετο πάμπαν ἐκπέρσειν πτολίεθρον ἄνευ ἕθεν, οὐδὲ σὺν αὐτῷ· πολλάκι γὰρ τό γε μητρὸς ἐπεύθετο νόσφιν ἀκούων, ἥ οἱ ἀπαγγέλλεσκε Διὸς μεγάλοιο νόημα. δὴ τότε γʼ οὔ οἱ ἔειπε κακὸν τόσον ὅσσον ἐτύχθη μήτηρ, ὅττί ῥά οἱ πολὺ φίλτατος ὤλεθʼ ἑταῖρος. οἳ δʼ αἰεὶ περὶ νεκρὸν ἀκαχμένα δούρατʼ ἔχοντες νωλεμὲς ἐγχρίμπτοντο καὶ ἀλλήλους ἐνάριζον· ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων·

Lattimore commentary

The tragedy of partial knowledge (similar to the partial fulfillment of Achilleus’ prayer to Zeus at 16.250) corresponds to the hero’s half-mortal nature, as if he can never achieve divine omniscience. Although Achilleus realizes he will not take Troy, he has not known that Patroklos will die.

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nostos thumos