Seba.Health

The Iliad 16.225–232

The Iliad 16.225–232
Therein had he a fair-fashioned cup, wherefrom neither was any other man wont to drink the flaming wine, nor was he wont to pour drink offerings to any other of the gods save only to father Zeus. This cup he then took from the chest and cleansed it first with sulphur, and thereafter washed it in fair streams of water; and himself he washed his hands, and drew flaming wine. Then he made prayer, standing in the midst of the court, and poured forth the wine, looking up to heaven; and not unmarked was he of Zeus, that hurleth the thunderbolt: Zeus, thou king, Dodonaean, Pelasgian, thou that dwellest afar, ruling over wintry Dodona,—and about thee dwell the Selli,thine interpreters, men with unwashen feet that couch on the ground. Aforetime verily thou didst hear my word, when I prayed: me thou didst honour, and didst mightily smite the host of the Achaeans; even so now also fulfill thou for me this my desire. Myself verily will I abide in the gathering of the ships,but my comrade am I sending forth amid the host of the Myrmidons to war: with him do thou send forth glory, O Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, and make bold the heart in his breast, to the end that Hector, too, may know whether even alone my squire hath skill to fight, or whether his handsthen only rage invincible, whenso I enter the turmoil of Ares. But when away from the ships he hath driven war and the din of war, thea all-unscathed let him come back to the swift ships with all his arms, and his comrades that fight in close combat.
ἔνθα δέ οἱ δέπας ἔσκε τετυγμένον, οὐδέ τις ἄλλος οὔτʼ ἀνδρῶν πίνεσκεν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ αἴθοπα οἶνον, οὔτέ τεῳ σπένδεσκε θεῶν, ὅτε μὴ Διὶ πατρί. τό ῥα τότʼ ἐκ χηλοῖο λαβὼν ἐκάθηρε θεείῳ πρῶτον, ἔπειτα δʼ ἔνιψʼ ὕδατος καλῇσι ῥοῇσι, νίψατο δʼ αὐτὸς χεῖρας, ἀφύσσατο δʼ αἴθοπα οἶνον. εὔχετʼ ἔπειτα στὰς μέσῳ ἕρκεϊ, λεῖβε δὲ οἶνον οὐρανὸν εἰσανιδών· Δία δʼ οὐ λάθε τερπικέραυνον·
Lattimore commentary
The special character of Achilleus is highlighted by what appear to be private or family rituals. Their extraordinary nature is further underlined by the reference to Dodona, a cult site of Zeus far in the northwest Greek territory. “Pelasgian” designates a semimythical pre-Greek population. The mysterious Selloi (Helloi, in some manuscripts, a name perhaps related to “Hellenes”) differ from the usual Greek priests. Their closeness to the earth might indicate earlier chthonic origins of the cult. The scene is unusual, finally, because elsewhere in the Iliad a god never grants only half a prayer.
Read in context →