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The Iliad 10.1–15

The Iliad 10.1–15
Now beside their ships all the other chieftains of the host of the Achaeans were slumbering the whole night through, overcome of soft sleep, but Agamemnon, son of Atreus, shepherd of the host, was not holden of sweet sleep, so many things debated he in mind. Even as when the lord of fair-haired Hera lighteneth, what time he maketh ready either a mighty rain unspeakable or hail or snow, when the snow-flakes sprinkle the fields, or haply the wide mouth of bitter war; even so often did Agamemnon groan from the deep of his breast, and his heart trembled within him. So often as he gazed toward the Trojan plain, he marvelled at the many fires that burned before the face of Ilios, and at the sound of flutes and pipes, and the din of men; but whensoever he looked toward the ships and the host of the Achaeans, then many were the hairs that he pulled from his head by the very roots in appeal to Zeus that is above, and in his noble heart he groaned mightily. And this plan seemed to his mind the best, to go first of all to Nestor, son of Neleus, if so be he might contrive with him some goodly device
ἄλλοι μὲν παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν εὗδον παννύχιοι μαλακῷ δεδμημένοι ὕπνῳ· ἀλλʼ οὐκ Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα ποιμένα λαῶν ὕπνος ἔχε γλυκερὸς πολλὰ φρεσὶν ὁρμαίνοντα. ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἀστράπτῃ πόσις Ἥρης ἠϋκόμοιο τεύχων πολὺν ὄμβρον ἀθέσφατον ἠὲ χάλαζαν νιφετόν, ὅτε πέρ τε χιὼν ἐπάλυνεν ἀρούρας, ἠέ ποθι πτολέμοιο μέγα στόμα πευκεδανοῖο, ὣς πυκίνʼ ἐν στήθεσσιν ἀνεστενάχιζʼ Ἀγαμέμνων νειόθεν ἐκ κραδίης, τρομέοντο δέ οἱ φρένες ἐντός. ἤτοι ὅτʼ ἐς πεδίον τὸ Τρωϊκὸν ἀθρήσειε, θαύμαζεν πυρὰ πολλὰ τὰ καίετο Ἰλιόθι πρὸ αὐλῶν συρίγγων τʼ ἐνοπὴν ὅμαδόν τʼ ἀνθρώπων. αὐτὰρ ὅτʼ ἐς νῆάς τε ἴδοι καὶ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν, πολλὰς ἐκ κεφαλῆς προθελύμνους ἕλκετο χαίτας
Lattimore commentary
The “Doloneia” (book 10, centered on Dolon) was thought by some ancient critics to have been a separate composition added to the Iliad in the course of its textual fixation, perhaps in the sixth century BC. Many modern critics as well have stressed its un-Iliadic or un-Homeric aspects. While it is true that it bears no organic relation to the rest of the poem, and that its dictional choices, prolix development, archaizing touches, and subject matter (including fascination with armor and dress) are unusual (and more akin to the Odyssey), there is no reason to think the book was not a living part of the Homeric performance tradition. See C. Dué and M. Ebbott, Iliad 10 and the Poetics of Ambush: A Multitext Edition with Essays and Commentary (Washington, DC, 2010). The opening simile brings together Zeus and Agamemnon to the disadvantage of the latter’s image. The commander’s uncontrollable symptoms of despair are likened to the chief god’s masterfully executed and powerful weather effects.
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