The Iliad · Book 18

66 passages · 25 speeches · 50 psychological term instances

Lines 1–5

So fought they like unto blazing fire, but Antilochus, swift of foot, came to bear tidings to Achilles. Him he found in front of his ships with upright horns,289.1 boding in his heart the thing that even now was brought to pass; and sore troubled he spake unto his own great-hearted spirit: Ah, woe is me, how is it that again the long-haired Achaeans are being driven toward the ships in rout over the plain? Let it not be that the gods have brought to pass grievous woes for my soul, even as on a time my mother declared unto me, and said thatwhile yet I lived the best man of the Myrmidons should leave the light of the sun beneath the hands of the Trojans! in good sooth the valiant son of Menoetius must now, be dead, foolhardy one. Surely I bade him come back again to the ships when he had thrust off the consuming fire, and not to fight amain with Hector.

ὣς οἳ μὲν μάρναντο δέμας πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο, Ἀντίλοχος δʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ πόδας ταχὺς ἄγγελος ἦλθε. τὸν δʼ εὗρε προπάροιθε νεῶν ὀρθοκραιράων τὰ φρονέοντʼ ἀνὰ θυμὸν ἃ δὴ τετελεσμένα ἦεν· ὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·

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thumos

Achilles to Achilles

Lines 6–14

while yet I lived the best man of the Myrmidons should leave the light of the sun beneath the hands of the Trojans! in good sooth the valiant son of Menoetius must now, be dead, foolhardy one. Surely I bade him come back again to the ships when he had thrust off the consuming fire, and not to fight amain with Hector.

ὤ μοι ἐγώ, τί τʼ ἄρʼ αὖτε κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ νηυσὶν ἔπι κλονέονται ἀτυζόμενοι πεδίοιο; μὴ δή μοι τελέσωσι θεοὶ κακὰ κήδεα θυμῷ, ὥς ποτέ μοι μήτηρ διεπέφραδε καί μοι ἔειπε Μυρμιδόνων τὸν ἄριστον ἔτι ζώοντος ἐμεῖο χερσὶν ὕπο Τρώων λείψειν φάος ἠελίοιο. ἦ μάλα δὴ τέθνηκε Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱὸς σχέτλιος· ἦ τʼ ἐκέλευον ἀπωσάμενον δήϊον πῦρ ἂψ ἐπὶ νῆας ἴμεν, μηδʼ Ἕκτορι ἶφι μάχεσθαι.

Lattimore commentary

As usual, we learn from Achilleus of Thetis’ prophecies only in the face of a crisis or after the fact (cf. 9.410). The technique is more common in the Odyssey (e. g., Od. 9.507, 13.173).

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thumos

Lines 15–17

While he pondered thus in mind and heart, there drew nigh unto him the son of lordly Nestor, shedding hot tears, and spake the grievous tidings: Woe is me, thou son of wise-hearted Peleus, full grievous is the tidings thou must hear, such as I would had never been.Low lies Patroclus, and around his corpse are they fighting—his naked corpse; but his armour is held by Hector of the flashing helm.

εἷος ὃ ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν, τόφρά οἱ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθεν ἀγαυοῦ Νέστορος υἱὸς δάκρυα θερμὰ χέων, φάτο δʼ ἀγγελίην ἀλεγεινήν·

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phren thumos

Antilochus to Achilles

Lines 18–21

Low lies Patroclus, and around his corpse are they fighting—his naked corpse; but his armour is held by Hector of the flashing helm.

ὤ μοι Πηλέος υἱὲ δαΐφρονος ἦ μάλα λυγρῆς πεύσεαι ἀγγελίης, ἣ μὴ ὤφελλε γενέσθαι. κεῖται Πάτροκλος, νέκυος δὲ δὴ ἀμφιμάχονται γυμνοῦ· ἀτὰρ τά γε τεύχεʼ ἔχει κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ.

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Lines 22–36

and strewed it over his head and defiled his fair face, and on his fragrant tunic the black ashes fell. And himself in the dust lay outstretched, mighty in his mightiness, and with his own hands he tore and marred his hair. And the handmaidens, that Achilles and Patroclus had got them as booty, shrieked aloud in anguish of heart, and ran forth around wise-hearted Achilles, and all beat their breasts with their hands, and the knees of each one were loosed be-neath her. And over against them Antilochus wailed and shed tears, holding the hands of Achilles, that in his noble heart was moaning mightily; for he feared lest he should cut his throat asunder with the knife. Then terribly did Achilles groan aloud, and his queenly mother heard him as she sat in the depths of the sea beside the old man her father. Thereat she uttered a shrill cry, and the goddesses thronged about her, even all the daughters of Nereus that were in the deep of the sea. There were Glauce and Thaleia and Cymodoce,

ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ ἄχεος νεφέλη ἐκάλυψε μέλαινα· ἀμφοτέρῃσι δὲ χερσὶν ἑλὼν κόνιν αἰθαλόεσσαν χεύατο κὰκ κεφαλῆς, χαρίεν δʼ ᾔσχυνε πρόσωπον· νεκταρέῳ δὲ χιτῶνι μέλαινʼ ἀμφίζανε τέφρη. αὐτὸς δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι μέγας μεγαλωστὶ τανυσθεὶς κεῖτο, φίλῃσι δὲ χερσὶ κόμην ᾔσχυνε δαΐζων. δμῳαὶ δʼ ἃς Ἀχιλεὺς ληΐσσατο Πάτροκλός τε θυμὸν ἀκηχέμεναι μεγάλʼ ἴαχον, ἐκ δὲ θύραζε ἔδραμον ἀμφʼ Ἀχιλῆα δαΐφρονα, χερσὶ δὲ πᾶσαι στήθεα πεπλήγοντο, λύθεν δʼ ὑπὸ γυῖα ἑκάστης. Ἀντίλοχος δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ὀδύρετο δάκρυα λείβων χεῖρας ἔχων Ἀχιλῆος· ὃ δʼ ἔστενε κυδάλιμον κῆρ· δείδιε γὰρ μὴ λαιμὸν ἀπαμήσειε σιδήρῳ. σμερδαλέον δʼ ᾤμωξεν· ἄκουσε δὲ πότνια μήτηρ ἡμένη ἐν βένθεσσιν ἁλὸς παρὰ πατρὶ γέροντι,

Lattimore commentary

The description of Achilleus stretched in the dust matches that of warriors who have been slain (e. g., 16.775), a foreshadowing of his own death once he is drawn back into war. The image of clustering women who lament reinforces the idea that soon he, too, will be an object of grief (as Thetis acknowledges: 96).

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kradie thumos

Lines 37–51

Nesaea and Speio and Thoë and ox-eyed Halië, and Cymothoë and Actaeä and Limnoreia, and Melite and Iaera and Amphithoe and Agave, Doto and Proto and Pherousa and Dynamene, and Dexamene and Amphinone and Callianeira, Doris and Pynope and glorious Galatea, Nemertes and Apseudes and Callianassa, and there were Clymene and Ianeira and Ianassa, Maera and Orithyia and fair-tressed Amatheia, and other Nereids that were in the deep of the sea. With these the bright cave was filled, and they all alike beat their breasts, and Thetis was leader in their lamenting: Listen, sister Nereids, that one and all ye may hear and know all the sorrows that are in my heart. Ah, woe is me unhappy, woe is me that bare to my sorrow the best of men,for after I had borne a son peerless and stalwart, pre-eminent among warriors, and he shot up like a sapling; then when I had reared him as a tree in a rich orchard plot, I sent him forth in the beaked ships to Ilios to war with the Trojans; but never again shall I welcome himback to his home, to the house of Peleus. And while yet he liveth, and beholdeth the light of the sun, he hath sorrow, neither can I anywise help him, though I go to him. Howbeit go I will, that I may behold my dear child, and hear what grief has come upon him while yet he abideth aloof from the war.

κώκυσέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα· θεαὶ δέ μιν ἀμφαγέροντο πᾶσαι ὅσαι κατὰ βένθος ἁλὸς Νηρηΐδες ἦσαν. ἔνθʼ ἄρʼ ἔην Γλαύκη τε Θάλειά τε Κυμοδόκη τε Νησαίη Σπειώ τε Θόη θʼ Ἁλίη τε βοῶπις Κυμοθόη τε καὶ Ἀκταίη καὶ Λιμνώρεια καὶ Μελίτη καὶ Ἴαιρα καὶ Ἀμφιθόη καὶ Ἀγαυὴ Δωτώ τε Πρωτώ τε Φέρουσά τε Δυναμένη τε Δεξαμένη τε καὶ Ἀμφινόμη καὶ Καλλιάνειρα Δωρὶς καὶ Πανόπη καὶ ἀγακλειτὴ Γαλάτεια Νημερτής τε καὶ Ἀψευδὴς καὶ Καλλιάνασσα· ἔνθα δʼ ἔην Κλυμένη Ἰάνειρά τε καὶ Ἰάνασσα Μαῖρα καὶ Ὠρείθυια ἐϋπλόκαμός τʼ Ἀμάθεια ἄλλαι θʼ αἳ κατὰ βένθος ἁλὸς Νηρηΐδες ἦσαν. τῶν δὲ καὶ ἀργύφεον πλῆτο σπέος· αἳ δʼ ἅμα πᾶσαι στήθεα πεπλήγοντο, Θέτις δʼ ἐξῆρχε γόοιο·

Lattimore commentary

The names of the nymphs, daughters of Nereus, reflect their habitat. Most are epithets for the sea (Glauke, “Gray”; Kymothoë, “Wave-swift”), while some refer to the mythical character of their father as a wise old man of the sea (Nemertes, “Unerring”; Apseudes, “Without lie”). Thetis’ words are a lament for Achilleus rather than for Patroklos, whom she does not mention.

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Thetis to Nereids · divine

Lines 52–64

for after I had borne a son peerless and stalwart, pre-eminent among warriors, and he shot up like a sapling; then when I had reared him as a tree in a rich orchard plot, I sent him forth in the beaked ships to Ilios to war with the Trojans; but never again shall I welcome him back to his home, to the house of Peleus. And while yet he liveth, and beholdeth the light of the sun, he hath sorrow, neither can I anywise help him, though I go to him. Howbeit go I will, that I may behold my dear child, and hear what grief has come upon him while yet he abideth aloof from the war.

κλῦτε κασίγνηται Νηρηΐδες, ὄφρʼ ἐῢ πᾶσαι εἴδετʼ ἀκούουσαι ὅσʼ ἐμῷ ἔνι κήδεα θυμῷ. ὤ μοι ἐγὼ δειλή, ὤ μοι δυσαριστοτόκεια, ἥ τʼ ἐπεὶ ἂρ τέκον υἱὸν ἀμύμονά τε κρατερόν τε ἔξοχον ἡρώων· ὃ δʼ ἀνέδραμεν ἔρνεϊ ἶσος· τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ θρέψασα φυτὸν ὣς γουνῷ ἀλωῆς νηυσὶν ἐπιπροέηκα κορωνίσιν Ἴλιον εἴσω Τρωσὶ μαχησόμενον· τὸν δʼ οὐχ ὑποδέξομαι αὖτις οἴκαδε νοστήσαντα δόμον Πηλήϊον εἴσω. ὄφρα δέ μοι ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φάος ἠελίοιο ἄχνυται, οὐδέ τί οἱ δύναμαι χραισμῆσαι ἰοῦσα. ἀλλʼ εἶμʼ, ὄφρα ἴδωμι φίλον τέκος, ἠδʼ ἐπακούσω ὅττί μιν ἵκετο πένθος ἀπὸ πτολέμοιο μένοντα.

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nostos thumos

Lines 65–72

So saying she left the cave, and the nymphs went with her weeping, and around them the waves of the sea were cloven asunder. And when they were come to the deep-soiled land of Troy they stepped forth upon the beach, one after the other, where the ships of the Myrmidons were drawn up in close lines round about swift Achilles. Then to his side, as he groaned heavily, came his queenly mother, and with a shrill cry she clasped the head of her son, and with wailing spake unto him winged words: My child, why weepest thou? What sorrow hath come upon thy heart. Speak out; hide it not. Thy wish has verily been brought to pass for theeby Zeus, as aforetime thou didst pray, stretching forth thy hands, even that one and all the sons of the Achaeans should be huddled at the sterns of the ships in sore need of thee, and should suffer cruel things. Then groaning heavily swift-footed Achilles answered her: My mother, these prayers verily hath the Olympian brought to pass for me,but what pleasure have I therein, seeing my dear comrade is dead, even Patroclus, whom I honoured above all my comrades, even as mine own self? Him have I lost, and his armour Hector that slew him hath stripped from him, that fair armour, huge of size, a wonder to behold, that the gods gave as a glorious gift to Peleuson the day when they laid thee in the bed of a mortal man. Would thou hadst remained where thou wast amid the immortal maidens of the sea, and that Peleus had taken to his home a mortal bride. But now—it was thus that thou too mightest have measureless grief at heart for thy dead son, whom thou shalt never again welcometo his home; for neither doth my own heart bid me live on and abide among men, unless Hector first, smitten by my spear, shall lose his life, and pay back the price for that he made spoil of Patroclus, son of Menoetius. Then Thetis again spake unto him, shedding tears the while:

ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα λίπε σπέος· αἳ δὲ σὺν αὐτῇ δακρυόεσσαι ἴσαν, περὶ δέ σφισι κῦμα θαλάσσης ῥήγνυτο· ταὶ δʼ ὅτε δὴ Τροίην ἐρίβωλον ἵκοντο ἀκτὴν εἰσανέβαινον ἐπισχερώ, ἔνθα θαμειαὶ Μυρμιδόνων εἴρυντο νέες ταχὺν ἀμφʼ Ἀχιλῆα. τῷ δὲ βαρὺ στενάχοντι παρίστατο πότνια μήτηρ, ὀξὺ δὲ κωκύσασα κάρη λάβε παιδὸς ἑοῖο, καί ῥʼ ὀλοφυρομένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·

Lattimore commentary

The resemblance here to Thetis’ interview with Achilleus by the shore in book 1 underscores the irony that her son has now achieved what he begged her for, with unforeseen consequences. He now realizes that glory is less important than his companion’s life.

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Thetis to Achilles · divine

Lines 73–77

by Zeus, as aforetime thou didst pray, stretching forth thy hands, even that one and all the sons of the Achaeans should be huddled at the sterns of the ships in sore need of thee, and should suffer cruel things.

τέκνον τί κλαίεις; τί δέ σε φρένας ἵκετο πένθος; ἐξαύδα, μὴ κεῦθε· τὰ μὲν δή τοι τετέλεσται ἐκ Διός, ὡς ἄρα δὴ πρίν γʼ εὔχεο χεῖρας ἀνασχὼν πάντας ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσιν ἀλήμεναι υἷας Ἀχαιῶν σεῦ ἐπιδευομένους, παθέειν τʼ ἀεκήλια ἔργα.

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pascho phren

Lines 78

τὴν δὲ βαρὺ στενάχων προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·

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Achilles to Thetis

Lines 79–93

but what pleasure have I therein, seeing my dear comrade is dead, even Patroclus, whom I honoured above all my comrades, even as mine own self? Him have I lost, and his armour Hector that slew him hath stripped from him, that fair armour, huge of size, a wonder to behold, that the gods gave as a glorious gift to Peleus on the day when they laid thee in the bed of a mortal man. Would thou hadst remained where thou wast amid the immortal maidens of the sea, and that Peleus had taken to his home a mortal bride. But now—it was thus that thou too mightest have measureless grief at heart for thy dead son, whom thou shalt never again welcome to his home; for neither doth my own heart bid me live on and abide among men, unless Hector first, smitten by my spear, shall lose his life, and pay back the price for that he made spoil of Patroclus, son of Menoetius.

μῆτερ ἐμή, τὰ μὲν ἄρ μοι Ὀλύμπιος ἐξετέλεσσεν· ἀλλὰ τί μοι τῶν ἦδος ἐπεὶ φίλος ὤλεθʼ ἑταῖρος Πάτροκλος, τὸν ἐγὼ περὶ πάντων τῖον ἑταίρων ἶσον ἐμῇ κεφαλῇ; τὸν ἀπώλεσα, τεύχεα δʼ Ἕκτωρ δῃώσας ἀπέδυσε πελώρια θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι καλά· τὰ μὲν Πηλῆϊ θεοὶ δόσαν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα ἤματι τῷ ὅτε σε βροτοῦ ἀνέρος ἔμβαλον εὐνῇ. αἴθʼ ὄφελες σὺ μὲν αὖθι μετʼ ἀθανάτῃς ἁλίῃσι ναίειν, Πηλεὺς δὲ θνητὴν ἀγαγέσθαι ἄκοιτιν. νῦν δʼ ἵνα καὶ σοὶ πένθος ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μυρίον εἴη παιδὸς ἀποφθιμένοιο, τὸν οὐχ ὑποδέξεαι αὖτις οἴκαδε νοστήσαντʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐδʼ ἐμὲ θυμὸς ἄνωγε ζώειν οὐδʼ ἄνδρεσσι μετέμμεναι, αἴ κε μὴ Ἕκτωρ πρῶτος ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσῃ, Πατρόκλοιο δʼ ἕλωρα Μενοιτιάδεω ἀποτίσῃ.

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nostos phren thumos

Lines 94

τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Θέτις κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσα·

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Thetis to Achilles · divine

Lines 95–96

Doomed then to a speedy death, my child, shalt thou be, that thou spakest thus; for straightway after Hector is thine own death ready at hand.

ὠκύμορος δή μοι τέκος ἔσσεαι, οἷʼ ἀγορεύεις· αὐτίκα γάρ τοι ἔπειτα μεθʼ Ἕκτορα πότμος ἑτοῖμος.

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Lines 97

τὴν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·

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Achilles to Thetis

Lines 98–126

hath he fallen, and had need of me to be a warder off of ruin. Now therefore, seeing I return not to my dear native land, neither proved anywise a light of deliverance to Patroclus nor to my other comrades, those many that have been slain by goodly Hector, but abide here by the ships. Profitless burden upon the earth— I that in war am such as is none other of the brazen-coated Achaeans, albeit in council there be others better— so may strife perish from among gods and men, and anger that setteth a man on to grow wroth, how wise soever he be, and that sweeter far than trickling honey waxeth like smoke in the breasts of men; even as but now the king of men, Agamemnon, moved me to wrath. Howbeit these things will we let be as past and done, for all our pain, curbing the heart in our breasts, because we must. But now will I go forth that I may light on the slayer of the man I loved, even on Hector; for my fate, I will accept it whenso Zeus willeth to bring it to pass, and the other immortal gods. For not even the mighty Heracles escaped death, albeit he was most dear to Zeus, son of Cronos, the king, but fate overcame him, and the dread wrath of Hera. So also shall I, if a like fate hath been fashioned for me, lie low when I am dead. But now let me win glorious renown, and set many a one among the deep-bosomed Trojan or Dardanian dames to wipe with both hands the tears from her tender cheeks, and ceaseless moaning; and let them know that long in good sooth have I kept apart from the war. Seek not then to hold me back from battle, for all thou lovest me; thou shalt not persuade me.

αὐτίκα τεθναίην, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ἑταίρῳ κτεινομένῳ ἐπαμῦναι· ὃ μὲν μάλα τηλόθι πάτρης ἔφθιτʼ, ἐμεῖο δὲ δῆσεν ἀρῆς ἀλκτῆρα γενέσθαι. νῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὐ νέομαί γε φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν, οὐδέ τι Πατρόκλῳ γενόμην φάος οὐδʼ ἑτάροισι τοῖς ἄλλοις, οἳ δὴ πολέες δάμεν Ἕκτορι δίῳ, ἀλλʼ ἧμαι παρὰ νηυσὶν ἐτώσιον ἄχθος ἀρούρης, τοῖος ἐὼν οἷος οὔ τις Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων ἐν πολέμῳ· ἀγορῇ δέ τʼ ἀμείνονές εἰσι καὶ ἄλλοι. ὡς ἔρις ἔκ τε θεῶν ἔκ τʼ ἀνθρώπων ἀπόλοιτο καὶ χόλος, ὅς τʼ ἐφέηκε πολύφρονά περ χαλεπῆναι, ὅς τε πολὺ γλυκίων μέλιτος καταλειβομένοιο ἀνδρῶν ἐν στήθεσσιν ἀέξεται ἠΰτε καπνός· ὡς ἐμὲ νῦν ἐχόλωσεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων. ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν προτετύχθαι ἐάσομεν ἀχνύμενοί περ, θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλον δαμάσαντες ἀνάγκῃ· νῦν δʼ εἶμʼ ὄφρα φίλης κεφαλῆς ὀλετῆρα κιχείω Ἕκτορα· κῆρα δʼ ἐγὼ τότε δέξομαι ὁππότε κεν δὴ Ζεὺς ἐθέλῃ τελέσαι ἠδʼ ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ ἄλλοι. οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ βίη Ἡρακλῆος φύγε κῆρα, ὅς περ φίλτατος ἔσκε Διὶ Κρονίωνι ἄνακτι· ἀλλά ἑ μοῖρα δάμασσε καὶ ἀργαλέος χόλος Ἥρης. ὣς καὶ ἐγών, εἰ δή μοι ὁμοίη μοῖρα τέτυκται, κείσομʼ ἐπεί κε θάνω· νῦν δὲ κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἀροίμην, καί τινα Τρωϊάδων καὶ Δαρδανίδων βαθυκόλπων ἀμφοτέρῃσιν χερσὶ παρειάων ἁπαλάων δάκρυʼ ὀμορξαμένην ἁδινὸν στοναχῆσαι ἐφείην, γνοῖεν δʼ ὡς δὴ δηρὸν ἐγὼ πολέμοιο πέπαυμαι· μὴ δέ μʼ ἔρυκε μάχης φιλέουσά περ· οὐδέ με πείσεις.

Lattimore commentary

Herakles died after being accidentally poisoned through a mistake by his wife Deianeira, who sent him a cloak thinking that the potion with which she had smeared it was a love charm (rather than a mixture of Hydra’s blood). The story is dramatized in Sophocles’ Trachiniae. After his incineration on a pyre, Herakles ascended to Olympos, where he was reconciled with Hera and given Youth (Hebe) as bride.

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peitho thumos

Lines 127

τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα·

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Thetis to Achilles · divine

Lines 128–137

But thy goodly armour is held among the Trojans, thine armour of bronze, all gleaming-bright. This doth Hector of the flashing helm wear on his own shoulders, and exulteth therein. Yet I deem that not for long shall he glory therein. seeing his own death is nigh at hand. But do thou not enter into the turmoil of Ares until thine eyes shall behold me again coming hither. For in the morning will I return at the rising of the sun, bearing fair armour from the lord Hephaestus.

ναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε τέκνον ἐτήτυμον οὐ κακόν ἐστι τειρομένοις ἑτάροισιν ἀμυνέμεν αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον. ἀλλά τοι ἔντεα καλὰ μετὰ Τρώεσσιν ἔχονται χάλκεα μαρμαίροντα· τὰ μὲν κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ αὐτὸς ἔχων ὤμοισιν ἀγάλλεται· οὐδέ ἕ φημι δηρὸν ἐπαγλαϊεῖσθαι, ἐπεὶ φόνος ἐγγύθεν αὐτῷ. ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν μή πω καταδύσεο μῶλον Ἄρηος πρίν γʼ ἐμὲ δεῦρʼ ἐλθοῦσαν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδηαι· ἠῶθεν γὰρ νεῦμαι ἅμʼ ἠελίῳ ἀνιόντι τεύχεα καλὰ φέρουσα παρʼ Ἡφαίστοιο ἄνακτος.

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Lines 138–139

ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα πάλιν τράπεθʼ υἷος ἑοῖο, καὶ στρεφθεῖσʼ ἁλίῃσι κασιγνήτῃσι μετηύδα·

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Thetis to Nereids · divine

Lines 140–144

Do ye now plunge beneath the broad bosom of the deep, to visit the old man of the sea, and the halls of our father, and tell him all. But I will get me to high Olympus to the house of Hephaestus, the famed craftsman, if so be he will give to my son glorious shining armour.

ὑμεῖς μὲν νῦν δῦτε θαλάσσης εὐρέα κόλπον ὀψόμεναί τε γέρονθʼ ἅλιον καὶ δώματα πατρός, καί οἱ πάντʼ ἀγορεύσατʼ· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐς μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον εἶμι παρʼ Ἥφαιστον κλυτοτέχνην, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν υἱεῖ ἐμῷ δόμεναι κλυτὰ τεύχεα παμφανόωντα.

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Lines 145–159

So spake she, and they forthwith plunged beneath the surge of the sea, while she, the goddess, silver-footed Thetis, went her way to Olympus, that she might bring glorious armour for her dear son. and came to the ships and the Hellespont. Howbeit Patroclus, the squire of Achilles, might the well-greaved Achaeans not draw forth from amid the darts; for now again there overtook him the host and the chariots of Troy, and Hector, son of Priam, in might as it were a flame. Thrice from behind did glorious Hector seize him by the feet, fain to drag him away, and called mightily upon the Trojans, and thrice did the two Aiantes, clothed in furious valour, hurl him back from the corpse. But he, ever trusting in his might, would now charge upon them in the fray, and would now stand

ὣς ἔφαθʼ, αἳ δʼ ὑπὸ κῦμα θαλάσσης αὐτίκʼ ἔδυσαν· ἣ δʼ αὖτʼ Οὔλυμπον δὲ θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα ἤϊεν ὄφρα φίλῳ παιδὶ κλυτὰ τεύχεʼ ἐνείκαι. τὴν μὲν ἄρʼ Οὔλυμπον δὲ πόδες φέρον· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ θεσπεσίῳ ἀλαλητῷ ὑφʼ Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο φεύγοντες νῆάς τε καὶ Ἑλλήσποντον ἵκοντο. οὐδέ κε Πάτροκλόν περ ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ ἐκ βελέων ἐρύσαντο νέκυν θεράποντʼ Ἀχιλῆος· αὖτις γὰρ δὴ τόν γε κίχον λαός τε καὶ ἵπποι Ἕκτωρ τε Πριάμοιο πάϊς φλογὶ εἴκελος ἀλκήν. τρὶς μέν μιν μετόπισθε ποδῶν λάβε φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ ἑλκέμεναι μεμαώς, μέγα δὲ Τρώεσσιν ὁμόκλα· τρὶς δὲ δύʼ Αἴαντες θοῦριν ἐπιειμένοι ἀλκὴν νεκροῦ ἀπεστυφέλιξαν· ὃ δʼ ἔμπεδον ἀλκὶ πεποιθὼς ἄλλοτʼ ἐπαΐξασκε κατὰ μόθον, ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖτε

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peitho

Lines 160–169

and shout aloud; but backward would he give never a whit. And as shepherds of the steading avail not in any wise to drive from a carcase a tawny lion when he hungereth sore, even so the twain warrior Aiantes availed not to affright Hector, Priam's son, away from the corpse. And now would he have dragged away the body, and have won glory unspeakable, had not wind-footed, swift Iris speeding from Olympus with a message that he array him for battle, come to the son of Peleus, all unknown of Zeus and the other gods, for Hera sent her forth. And she drew nigh, and spake to him winged words:

στάσκε μέγα ἰάχων· ὀπίσω δʼ οὐ χάζετο πάμπαν. ὡς δʼ ἀπὸ σώματος οὔ τι λέοντʼ αἴθωνα δύνανται ποιμένες ἄγραυλοι μέγα πεινάοντα δίεσθαι, ὥς ῥα τὸν οὐκ ἐδύναντο δύω Αἴαντε κορυστὰ Ἕκτορα Πριαμίδην ἀπὸ νεκροῦ δειδίξασθαι. καί νύ κεν εἴρυσσέν τε καὶ ἄσπετον ἤρατο κῦδος, εἰ μὴ Πηλεΐωνι ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις ἄγγελος ἦλθε θέουσʼ ἀπʼ Ὀλύμπου θωρήσσεσθαι κρύβδα Διὸς ἄλλων τε θεῶν· πρὸ γὰρ ἧκέ μιν Ἥρη. ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·

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Iris to Achilles · divine

Lines 170–180

Rouse thee, son of Peleus, of all men most dread. Bear thou aid to Patroclus, for whose sake is a dread strife afoot before the ships. And men are slaying one another, these seeking to defend the corpse of the dead, while the Trojans charge on to drag him to windy Ilios; and above all glorious Hectoris fain to drag him away; and his heart biddeth him shear the head from the tender neck, and fix it on the stakes of the wall. Nay, up then, lie here no more! Let awe come upon thy soul that Patroclus should become the sport of the dogs of Troy.Thine were the shame, if anywise he come, a corpse despitefully entreated. 301.1 is fain to drag him away; and his heart biddeth him shear the head from the tender neck, and fix it on the stakes of the wall. Nay, up then, lie here no more! Let awe come upon thy soul that Patroclus should become the sport of the dogs of Troy. Thine were the shame, if anywise he come, a corpse despitefully entreated.

ὄρσεο Πηλεΐδη, πάντων ἐκπαγλότατʼ ἀνδρῶν· Πατρόκλῳ ἐπάμυνον, οὗ εἵνεκα φύλοπις αἰνὴ ἕστηκε πρὸ νεῶν· οἳ δʼ ἀλλήλους ὀλέκουσιν οἳ μὲν ἀμυνόμενοι νέκυος πέρι τεθνηῶτος, οἳ δὲ ἐρύσσασθαι ποτὶ Ἴλιον ἠνεμόεσσαν Τρῶες ἐπιθύουσι· μάλιστα δὲ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ ἑλκέμεναι μέμονεν· κεφαλὴν δέ ἑ θυμὸς ἄνωγε πῆξαι ἀνὰ σκολόπεσσι ταμόνθʼ ἁπαλῆς ἀπὸ δειρῆς. ἀλλʼ ἄνα μηδʼ ἔτι κεῖσο· σέβας δέ σε θυμὸν ἱκέσθω Πάτροκλον Τρῳῇσι κυσὶν μέλπηθρα γενέσθαι· σοὶ λώβη, αἴ κέν τι νέκυς ᾐσχυμμένος ἔλθῃ.

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sebas thumos

Lines 181

τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·

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Achilles to Iris

Lines 182

Ἶρι θεὰ τίς γάρ σε θεῶν ἐμοὶ ἄγγελον ἧκε;

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Lines 183

τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις·

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Iris to Achilles · divine

Lines 184–186

and the son of Cronos, throned on high, knoweth naught hereof, neither any other of the immortals that dwell upon snowy Olympus.

Ἥρη με προέηκε Διὸς κυδρὴ παράκοιτις· οὐδʼ οἶδε Κρονίδης ὑψίζυγος οὐδέ τις ἄλλος ἀθανάτων, οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἀγάννιφον ἀμφινέμονται.

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Lines 187

τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·

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Achilles to Iris

Lines 188–195

until such time as mine eyes should behold her again coming hither; for she pledged her to bring goodly armour from Hephaestus. No other man know I whose glorious armour I might don, except it were the shield of Aias, son of Telamon. Howbeit himself, I ween, hath dalliance amid the foremost fighters, as he maketh havoc with his spear in defence of dead Patroclus.

πῶς τὰρ ἴω μετὰ μῶλον; ἔχουσι δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐκεῖνοι· μήτηρ δʼ οὔ με φίλη πρίν γʼ εἴα θωρήσσεσθαι πρίν γʼ αὐτὴν ἐλθοῦσαν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδωμαι· στεῦτο γὰρ Ἡφαίστοιο πάρʼ οἰσέμεν ἔντεα καλά. ἄλλου δʼ οὔ τευ οἶδα τεῦ ἂν κλυτὰ τεύχεα δύω, εἰ μὴ Αἴαντός γε σάκος Τελαμωνιάδαο. ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸς ὅ γʼ ἔλπομʼ ἐνὶ πρώτοισιν ὁμιλεῖ ἔγχεϊ δηϊόων περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος.

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Lines 196

τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις·

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Iris to Achilles · divine

Lines 197–201

the Trojans may desist from battle, and the warlike sons of the Achaeans may take breath, wearied as they are; for scant is the breathing-space in war.

εὖ νυ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν ὅ τοι κλυτὰ τεύχεʼ ἔχονται· ἀλλʼ αὔτως ἐπὶ τάφρον ἰὼν Τρώεσσι φάνηθι, αἴ κέ σʼ ὑποδείσαντες ἀπόσχωνται πολέμοιο Τρῶες, ἀναπνεύσωσι δʼ ἀρήϊοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν τειρόμενοι· ὀλίγη δέ τʼ ἀνάπνευσις πολέμοιο.

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Lines 202–216

and around his head the fair goddess set thick a golden cloud, and forth from the man made blaze a gleaming fire. And as when a smoke goeth up from a city and reacheth to heaven from afar, from an island that foes beleaguer, and the men thereof contend the whole day through in hateful war from their city's walls, and then at set of sun flame forth the beacon-fires one after another and high aloft darteth the glare thereof for dwellers round about to behold, if so be they may come in their ships to be warders off of bane; even so from the head of Achilles went up the gleam toward heaven. Then strode he from the wall to the trench, and there took his stand, yet joined him not to the company of the Achaeans, for he had regard to his mother's wise behest. There stood he and shouted, and from afar Pallas Athene uttered her voice; but amid the Trojans he roused confusion unspeakable.

ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις, αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς ὦρτο Διῒ φίλος· ἀμφὶ δʼ Ἀθήνη ὤμοις ἰφθίμοισι βάλʼ αἰγίδα θυσσανόεσσαν, ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ κεφαλῇ νέφος ἔστεφε δῖα θεάων χρύσεον, ἐκ δʼ αὐτοῦ δαῖε φλόγα παμφανόωσαν. ὡς δʼ ὅτε καπνὸς ἰὼν ἐξ ἄστεος αἰθέρʼ ἵκηται τηλόθεν ἐκ νήσου, τὴν δήϊοι ἀμφιμάχωνται, οἵ τε πανημέριοι στυγερῷ κρίνονται Ἄρηϊ ἄστεος ἐκ σφετέρου· ἅμα δʼ ἠελίῳ καταδύντι πυρσοί τε φλεγέθουσιν ἐπήτριμοι, ὑψόσε δʼ αὐγὴ γίγνεται ἀΐσσουσα περικτιόνεσσιν ἰδέσθαι, αἴ κέν πως σὺν νηυσὶν ἄρεω ἀλκτῆρες ἵκωνται· ὣς ἀπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος κεφαλῆς σέλας αἰθέρʼ ἵκανε· στῆ δʼ ἐπὶ τάφρον ἰὼν ἀπὸ τείχεος, οὐδʼ ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς μίσγετο· μητρὸς γὰρ πυκινὴν ὠπίζετʼ ἐφετμήν.

Lattimore commentary

The blaze that Athene makes rise from Achilleus begins a complex simile that is at once a foreshadowing of the fall of Troy (a city under siege) and a recollection of the hero’s wrath, just described as rising like smoke (109). Within the terms of the simile, the flame is a call for help, while the actual fiery warrior is the answer to such a call. A similar duality occurs in the trumpet simile (219).

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Lines 217–231

beneath the press of murderous foemen that beleaguer a city, so clear was then the voice of the son of Aeacus. And when they heard the brazen voice of the son of Aeacus the hearts of all were dismayed; and the fair-maned horses turned their cars backward, for their spirits boded bane. And the charioteers were stricken with terror when they beheld the unwearied fire blaze in fearsome wise above the head of the great-souled son of Peleus; for the goddess, flashing-eyed Athene, made it blaze. Thrice over the trench shouted mightily the goodly Achilles, and thrice the Trojans and their famed allies were confounded. And there in that hour perished twelve men of their best amid their own chariots and their own spears. But the Achaeans with gladness drew Patroclus forth from out the darts and laid him on a bier, and his dear comrades thronged about him weeping; and amid them followed swift-footed Achilles,

ἔνθα στὰς ἤϋσʼ, ἀπάτερθε δὲ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη φθέγξατʼ· ἀτὰρ Τρώεσσιν ἐν ἄσπετον ὦρσε κυδοιμόν. ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀριζήλη φωνή, ὅτε τʼ ἴαχε σάλπιγξ ἄστυ περιπλομένων δηΐων ὕπο θυμοραϊστέων, ὣς τότʼ ἀριζήλη φωνὴ γένετʼ Αἰακίδαο. οἳ δʼ ὡς οὖν ἄϊον ὄπα χάλκεον Αἰακίδαο, πᾶσιν ὀρίνθη θυμός· ἀτὰρ καλλίτριχες ἵπποι ἂψ ὄχεα τρόπεον· ὄσσοντο γὰρ ἄλγεα θυμῷ. ἡνίοχοι δʼ ἔκπληγεν, ἐπεὶ ἴδον ἀκάματον πῦρ δεινὸν ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς μεγαθύμου Πηλεΐωνος δαιόμενον· τὸ δὲ δαῖε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη. τρὶς μὲν ὑπὲρ τάφρου μεγάλʼ ἴαχε δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς, τρὶς δὲ κυκήθησαν Τρῶες κλειτοί τʼ ἐπίκουροι. ἔνθα δὲ καὶ τότʼ ὄλοντο δυώδεκα φῶτες ἄριστοι ἀμφὶ σφοῖς ὀχέεσσι καὶ ἔγχεσιν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ

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algea thumos

Lines 232–246

shedding hot tears, for that he beheld his trusty comrade lying on the bier, mangled by the sharp bronze. Him verily had he sent forth with horses and chariot into the war, but never again did he welcome his returning. Then was the unwearying sun sent by ox-eyed, queenly Hera to go his way, full loath, to the stream of Ocean. So the sun set and the goodly Achaeans stayed them from the fierce strife and the evil war. and gathered themselves in assembly or ever they bethought them to sup. Upon their feet they stood while the gathering was held, neither had any man heart to sit; for they all were holden of fear, seeing Achilles was come forth, albeit he had long kept him aloof from grievous battle. Then among them wise Polydamas was first to speak,

ἀσπασίως Πάτροκλον ὑπʼ ἐκ βελέων ἐρύσαντες κάτθεσαν ἐν λεχέεσσι· φίλοι δʼ ἀμφέσταν ἑταῖροι μυρόμενοι· μετὰ δέ σφι ποδώκης εἵπετʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς δάκρυα θερμὰ χέων, ἐπεὶ εἴσιδε πιστὸν ἑταῖρον κείμενον ἐν φέρτρῳ δεδαϊγμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ, τόν ῥʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἔπεμπε σὺν ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν ἐς πόλεμον, οὐδʼ αὖτις ἐδέξατο νοστήσαντα. Ἠέλιον δʼ ἀκάμαντα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη πέμψεν ἐπʼ Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοὰς ἀέκοντα νέεσθαι· ἠέλιος μὲν ἔδυ, παύσαντο δὲ δῖοι Ἀχαιοὶ φυλόπιδος κρατερῆς καὶ ὁμοιΐου πολέμοιο. Τρῶες δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀπὸ κρατερῆς ὑσμίνης χωρήσαντες ἔλυσαν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους, ἐς δʼ ἀγορὴν ἀγέροντο πάρος δόρποιο μέδεσθαι. ὀρθῶν δʼ ἑσταότων ἀγορὴ γένετʼ, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη

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nostos tlao

Lines 247–253

the son of Panthous; for he alone looked at once before and after. Comrade was he of Hector, and in the one night were they born: howbeit in speech was one far the best, the other with the spear. He with good intent addressed their gathering, and spake among them: On both sides, my friends, bethink you well. For my own part I bid youreturn even now to the city, neither on the plain beside the ships await bright Dawn, for afar from the wall are we. As long as this man continued in wrath against goodly Agamemnon, even so long were the Achaeans easier to fight against; aye, and I too was glad, when hard by the swift ships I spent the night,in hope that we should take the curved ships. But now do I wondrously fear the swift-footed son of Peleus; so masterful is his spirit, he will not be minded to abide in the plain, where in the midst both Trojans and Achaeans share in the fury of Ares;but it is for our city that he will fight, and for our wives. Nay, let us go to the city; hearken ye unto me, for on this wise shall it be. For this present hath immortal night stayed the swift-footed son of Peleus, but if on the morrow he shall come forth in harness and light on us yet abiding here, full well shall many a one come to know him; for with joy shall he that escapeth win to sacred Ilios,and many of the Trojans shall the dogs and vultures devour—far from my ear be the tale thereof. But and if we hearken to my words for all we be loath, this night shall we keep our forces in the place of gathering, and the city shall be guarded by the wallsand high gates and by the tall well-polished doors that are set therein, bolted fast. But in the morning at the coming of Dawn arrayed in our armour will we make our stand upon the walls; and the worse will it be for him, if he be minded to come forth from the ships and fight with us to win the wall.Back again to his ships shall he hie him, when he hath given his horses, with high-arched necks, surfeit of coursing to and fro, as he driveth vainly beneath the city. But to force his way within will his heart not suffer him nor shall he lay it waste; ere that shall the swift dogs devour him.

ἕζεσθαι· πάντας γὰρ ἔχε τρόμος, οὕνεκʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς ἐξεφάνη, δηρὸν δὲ μάχης ἐπέπαυτʼ ἀλεγεινῆς. τοῖσι δὲ Πουλυδάμας πεπνυμένος ἦρχʼ ἀγορεύειν Πανθοΐδης· ὃ γὰρ οἶος ὅρα πρόσσω καὶ ὀπίσσω· Ἕκτορι δʼ ἦεν ἑταῖρος, ἰῇ δʼ ἐν νυκτὶ γένοντο, ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἂρ μύθοισιν, ὃ δʼ ἔγχεϊ πολλὸν ἐνίκα· ὅ σφιν ἐϋφρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·

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Polydamas to Hector

Lines 254–283

return even now to the city, neither on the plain beside the ships await bright Dawn, for afar from the wall are we. As long as this man continued in wrath against goodly Agamemnon, even so long were the Achaeans easier to fight against; aye, and I too was glad, when hard by the swift ships I spent the night, in hope that we should take the curved ships. But now do I wondrously fear the swift-footed son of Peleus; so masterful is his spirit, he will not be minded to abide in the plain, where in the midst both Trojans and Achaeans share in the fury of Ares; but it is for our city that he will fight, and for our wives. Nay, let us go to the city; hearken ye unto me, for on this wise shall it be. For this present hath immortal night stayed the swift-footed son of Peleus, but if on the morrow he shall come forth in harness and light on us yet abiding here, full well shall many a one come to know him; for with joy shall he that escapeth win to sacred Ilios, and many of the Trojans shall the dogs and vultures devour—far from my ear be the tale thereof. But and if we hearken to my words for all we be loath, this night shall we keep our forces in the place of gathering, and the city shall be guarded by the walls and high gates and by the tall well-polished doors that are set therein, bolted fast. But in the morning at the coming of Dawn arrayed in our armour will we make our stand upon the walls; and the worse will it be for him, if he be minded to come forth from the ships and fight with us to win the wall. Back again to his ships shall he hie him, when he hath given his horses, with high-arched necks, surfeit of coursing to and fro, as he driveth vainly beneath the city. But to force his way within will his heart not suffer him nor shall he lay it waste; ere that shall the swift dogs devour him.

ἀμφὶ μάλα φράζεσθε φίλοι· κέλομαι γὰρ ἔγωγε ἄστυδε νῦν ἰέναι, μὴ μίμνειν ἠῶ δῖαν ἐν πεδίῳ παρὰ νηυσίν· ἑκὰς δʼ ἀπὸ τείχεός εἰμεν. ὄφρα μὲν οὗτος ἀνὴρ Ἀγαμέμνονι μήνιε δίῳ τόφρα δὲ ῥηΐτεροι πολεμίζειν ἦσαν Ἀχαιοί· χαίρεσκον γὰρ ἔγωγε θοῇς ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἰαύων ἐλπόμενος νῆας αἱρησέμεν ἀμφιελίσσας. νῦν δʼ αἰνῶς δείδοικα ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα· οἷος κείνου θυμὸς ὑπέρβιος, οὐκ ἐθελήσει μίμνειν ἐν πεδίῳ, ὅθι περ Τρῶες καὶ Ἀχαιοὶ ἐν μέσῳ ἀμφότεροι μένος Ἄρηος δατέονται, ἀλλὰ περὶ πτόλιός τε μαχήσεται ἠδὲ γυναικῶν. ἀλλʼ ἴομεν προτὶ ἄστυ, πίθεσθέ μοι· ὧδε γὰρ ἔσται· νῦν μὲν νὺξ ἀπέπαυσε ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα ἀμβροσίη· εἰ δʼ ἄμμε κιχήσεται ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντας αὔριον ὁρμηθεὶς σὺν τεύχεσιν, εὖ νύ τις αὐτὸν γνώσεται· ἀσπασίως γὰρ ἀφίξεται Ἴλιον ἱρὴν ὅς κε φύγῃ, πολλοὺς δὲ κύνες καὶ γῦπες ἔδονται Τρώων· αἲ γὰρ δή μοι ἀπʼ οὔατος ὧδε γένοιτο. εἰ δʼ ἂν ἐμοῖς ἐπέεσσι πιθώμεθα κηδόμενοί περ, νύκτα μὲν εἰν ἀγορῇ σθένος ἕξομεν, ἄστυ δὲ πύργοι ὑψηλαί τε πύλαι σανίδες τʼ ἐπὶ τῇς ἀραρυῖαι μακραὶ ἐΰξεστοι ἐζευγμέναι εἰρύσσονται· πρῶϊ δʼ ὑπηοῖοι σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες στησόμεθʼ ἂμ πύργους· τῷ δʼ ἄλγιον, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν ἐλθὼν ἐκ νηῶν περὶ τείχεος ἄμμι μάχεσθαι. ἂψ πάλιν εἶσʼ ἐπὶ νῆας, ἐπεί κʼ ἐριαύχενας ἵππους παντοίου δρόμου ἄσῃ ὑπὸ πτόλιν ἠλασκάζων· εἴσω δʼ οὔ μιν θυμὸς ἐφορμηθῆναι ἐάσει, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἐκπέρσει· πρίν μιν κύνες ἀργοὶ ἔδονται.

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menos peitho thumos

Lines 284

τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·

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Hector to Polydamas

Lines 285–309

Polydamas, this that thou sayest is no longer to my pleasure, seeing thou biddest us go back and be pent within the city. In good sooth have ye not yet had your fill of being pent within the walls? Of old all mortal men were wont to tell of Priam's city, for its wealth of gold, its wealth of bronze;but now are its goodly treasures perished from its homes, and lo, possessions full many have been sold away to Phrygia and lovely Maeonia, since great Zeus waxed wroth. But now, when the son of crooked-counselling Cronos hath vouchsafed me to win glory at the ships, and to pen the Achaeans, beside the sea,no longer, thou fool, do thou show forth counsels such as these among the folk. For not a man of the Trojans will hearken to thee; I will not suffer it. Nay, come; even as I shall bid, let us all obey: for this present take ye your supper throughout the host by companies, and take heed to keep watch, and be wakeful every man.And of the Trojans whoso is distressed beyond measure for his goods, let him gather them together and give them to the folk for them to feast thereon in common;311.1 better were it that they have profit thereof than the Achaeans. But in the morning, at the coming of Dawn, arrayed in our armour, let us arouse sharp battle at the hollow ships. But if in deed and in truth goodly Achilles is arisen by the ships, the worse shall it be for him, if he so will it. I verily will not flee from him out of dolorous war, but face to face will I stand against him, whether he shall win great victory, or haply I. Alike to all is the god of war, and lo, he slayeth him that would slay. So Hector addressed their gathering, and thereat the Trojans shouted aloud, fools that they were! for from them Pallas Athene took away their wits. To Hector they all gave praise in his ill advising, but Polydamas no man praised, albeit he devised counsel that was good. So then they took supper throughout the host; but the Achaeans but now are its goodly treasures perished from its homes, and lo, possessions full many have been sold away to Phrygia and lovely Maeonia, since great Zeus waxed wroth. But now, when the son of crooked-counselling Cronos hath vouchsafed me to win glory at the ships, and to pen the Achaeans, beside the sea, no longer, thou fool, do thou show forth counsels such as these among the folk. For not a man of the Trojans will hearken to thee; I will not suffer it. Nay, come; even as I shall bid, let us all obey: for this present take ye your supper throughout the host by companies, and take heed to keep watch, and be wakeful every man. And of the Trojans whoso is distressed beyond measure for his goods, let him gather them together and give them to the folk for them to feast thereon in common;311.1 better were it that they have profit thereof than the Achaeans. But in the morning, at the coming of Dawn, arrayed in our armour, let us arouse sharp battle at the hollow ships. But if in deed and in truth goodly Achilles is arisen by the ships, the worse shall it be for him, if he so will it. I verily will not flee from him out of dolorous war, but face to face will I stand against him, whether he shall win great victory, or haply I. Alike to all is the god of war, and lo, he slayeth him that would slay.

Πουλυδάμα σὺ μὲν οὐκέτʼ ἐμοὶ φίλα ταῦτʼ ἀγορεύεις, ὃς κέλεαι κατὰ ἄστυ ἀλήμεναι αὖτις ἰόντας. ἦ οὔ πω κεκόρησθε ἐελμένοι ἔνδοθι πύργων; πρὶν μὲν γὰρ Πριάμοιο πόλιν μέροπες ἄνθρωποι πάντες μυθέσκοντο πολύχρυσον πολύχαλκον· νῦν δὲ δὴ ἐξαπόλωλε δόμων κειμήλια καλά, πολλὰ δὲ δὴ Φρυγίην καὶ Μῃονίην ἐρατεινὴν κτήματα περνάμενʼ ἵκει, ἐπεὶ μέγας ὠδύσατο Ζεύς. νῦν δʼ ὅτε πέρ μοι ἔδωκε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω κῦδος ἀρέσθʼ ἐπὶ νηυσί, θαλάσσῃ τʼ ἔλσαι Ἀχαιούς, νήπιε μηκέτι ταῦτα νοήματα φαῖνʼ ἐνὶ δήμῳ· οὐ γάρ τις Τρώων ἐπιπείσεται· οὐ γὰρ ἐάσω. ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ εἴπω, πειθώμεθα πάντες. νῦν μὲν δόρπον ἕλεσθε κατὰ στρατὸν ἐν τελέεσσι, καὶ φυλακῆς μνήσασθε, καὶ ἐγρήγορθε ἕκαστος· Τρώων δʼ ὃς κτεάτεσσιν ὑπερφιάλως ἀνιάζει, συλλέξας λαοῖσι δότω καταδημοβορῆσαι· τῶν τινὰ βέλτερόν ἐστιν ἐπαυρέμεν ἤ περ Ἀχαιούς. πρῶϊ δʼ ὑπηοῖοι σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα. εἰ δʼ ἐτεὸν παρὰ ναῦφιν ἀνέστη δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς, ἄλγιον αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσι τῷ ἔσσεται· οὔ μιν ἔγωγε φεύξομαι ἐκ πολέμοιο δυσηχέος, ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἄντην στήσομαι, ἤ κε φέρῃσι μέγα κράτος, ἦ κε φεροίμην. ξυνὸς Ἐνυάλιος, καί τε κτανέοντα κατέκτα.

Lattimore commentary

Hektor interprets Poulydamas’ words as demagogic pleading and so calls his bluff by challenging one who cares about possessions (by implication, one who urged immediate concern for the city) to distribute goods to the dêmos before the Greeks acquire them.

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peitho

Lines 310–323

the whole night through made moan in lamentation for Patroclus. And among them the son of Peleus began the vehement lamentation, laying his man-slaying hands upon the breast of his comrade and uttering many a groan, even as a bearded lion whose whelps some hunter of stags hath snatched away from out the thick wood; and the lion coming back thereafter grieveth sore, and through many a glen he rangeth on the track of the footsteps of the man, if so be he may anywhere find him; for anger exceeding grim layeth hold of him. Even so with heavy groaning spake Achilles among the Myrmidons:

ὣς Ἕκτωρ ἀγόρευʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ Τρῶες κελάδησαν νήπιοι· ἐκ γάρ σφεων φρένας εἵλετο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη. Ἕκτορι μὲν γὰρ ἐπῄνησαν κακὰ μητιόωντι, Πουλυδάμαντι δʼ ἄρʼ οὔ τις ὃς ἐσθλὴν φράζετο βουλήν. δόρπον ἔπειθʼ εἵλοντο κατὰ στρατόν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ παννύχιοι Πάτροκλον ἀνεστενάχοντο γοῶντες. τοῖσι δὲ Πηλεΐδης ἁδινοῦ ἐξῆρχε γόοιο χεῖρας ἐπʼ ἀνδροφόνους θέμενος στήθεσσιν ἑταίρου πυκνὰ μάλα στενάχων ὥς τε λὶς ἠϋγένειος, ᾧ ῥά θʼ ὑπὸ σκύμνους ἐλαφηβόλος ἁρπάσῃ ἀνὴρ ὕλης ἐκ πυκινῆς· ὃ δέ τʼ ἄχνυται ὕστερος ἐλθών, πολλὰ δέ τʼ ἄγκεʼ ἐπῆλθε μετʼ ἀνέρος ἴχνιʼ ἐρευνῶν εἴ ποθεν ἐξεύροι· μάλα γὰρ δριμὺς χόλος αἱρεῖ· ὣς ὃ βαρὺ στενάχων μετεφώνεε Μυρμιδόνεσσιν·

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phren

Achilles to Achilles/dead Patroclus

Lines 324–342

when I sought to hearten the warrior Menoetius in our halls; and said that when I had sacked Ilios I would bring back to him unto Opoeis his glorious son with the share of the spoil that should fall to his lot. But lo, Zeus fulfilleth not for men all their purposes; for both of us twain are fated to redden the selfsame earth with our blood here in the land of Troy; since neither shall I come back to be welcomed of the old knight Peleus in his halls, nor of my mother Thetis, but even here shall the earth hold me fast. But now, Patroclus, seeing I shall after thee pass beneath the earth, I will not give thee burial till I have brought hither the armour and the head of Hector, the slayer of thee, the great-souled; and of twelve glorious sons of the Trojans will I cut the throats before thy pyre in my wrath at thy slaying. Until then beside the beaked ships shalt thou lie, even as thou art, and round about thee shall deep-bosomed Trojan and Dardanian women make lament night and day with shedding of tears, even they that we twain got us through toil by our might and our long spears, when we wasted rich cities of mortal men.

ὢ πόποι ἦ ῥʼ ἅλιον ἔπος ἔκβαλον ἤματι κείνῳ θαρσύνων ἥρωα Μενοίτιον ἐν μεγάροισι· φῆν δέ οἱ εἰς Ὀπόεντα περικλυτὸν υἱὸν ἀπάξειν Ἴλιον ἐκπέρσαντα, λαχόντα τε ληΐδος αἶσαν. ἀλλʼ οὐ Ζεὺς ἄνδρεσσι νοήματα πάντα τελευτᾷ· ἄμφω γὰρ πέπρωται ὁμοίην γαῖαν ἐρεῦσαι αὐτοῦ ἐνὶ Τροίῃ, ἐπεὶ οὐδʼ ἐμὲ νοστήσαντα δέξεται ἐν μεγάροισι γέρων ἱππηλάτα Πηλεὺς οὐδὲ Θέτις μήτηρ, ἀλλʼ αὐτοῦ γαῖα καθέξει. νῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν Πάτροκλε σεῦ ὕστερος εἶμʼ ὑπὸ γαῖαν, οὔ σε πρὶν κτεριῶ πρίν γʼ Ἕκτορος ἐνθάδʼ ἐνεῖκαι τεύχεα καὶ κεφαλὴν μεγαθύμου σοῖο φονῆος· δώδεκα δὲ προπάροιθε πυρῆς ἀποδειροτομήσω Τρώων ἀγλαὰ τέκνα σέθεν κταμένοιο χολωθείς. τόφρα δέ μοι παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσι κείσεαι αὔτως, ἀμφὶ δὲ σὲ Τρῳαὶ καὶ Δαρδανίδες βαθύκολποι κλαύσονται νύκτάς τε καὶ ἤματα δάκρυ χέουσαι, τὰς αὐτοὶ καμόμεσθα βίηφί τε δουρί τε μακρῷ πιείρας πέρθοντε πόλεις μερόπων ἀνθρώπων.

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nostos

Lines 343–356

they might wash from Patroclus the bloody gore. And they set upon the blazing fire the cauldron for filling the bath, and poured in water, and took billets of wood and kindled them beneath it. Then the fire played about the belly of the cauldron, and the water grew warm. But when the water boiled in the bright bronze, then they washed him and anointed him richly with oil, filling his wounds with ointment of nine315.1 years old; and they laid him upon his bed, and covered him with a soft linen cloth from head to foot, and thereover with a white robe. So the whole night through around Achilles, swift of foot, the Myrmidons made moan in lamentation for Patroclus; but Zeus spake unto Hera, his sister and his wife: Thou hast then had thy way, O ox-eyed, queenly Hera; thou hast aroused Achilles, swift of foot. In good sooth must the long-haired Achaeans be children of thine own womb.

ὣς εἰπὼν ἑτάροισιν ἐκέκλετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς ἀμφὶ πυρὶ στῆσαι τρίποδα μέγαν, ὄφρα τάχιστα Πάτροκλον λούσειαν ἄπο βρότον αἱματόεντα. οἳ δὲ λοετροχόον τρίποδʼ ἵστασαν ἐν πυρὶ κηλέῳ, ἐν δʼ ἄρʼ ὕδωρ ἔχεαν, ὑπὸ δὲ ξύλα δαῖον ἑλόντες. γάστρην μὲν τρίποδος πῦρ ἄμφεπε, θέρμετο δʼ ὕδωρ· αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ ζέσσεν ὕδωρ ἐνὶ ἤνοπι χαλκῷ, καὶ τότε δὴ λοῦσάν τε καὶ ἤλειψαν λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ, ἐν δʼ ὠτειλὰς πλῆσαν ἀλείφατος ἐννεώροιο· ἐν λεχέεσσι δὲ θέντες ἑανῷ λιτὶ κάλυψαν ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς, καθύπερθε δὲ φάρεϊ λευκῷ. παννύχιοι μὲν ἔπειτα πόδας ταχὺν ἀμφʼ Ἀχιλῆα Μυρμιδόνες Πάτροκλον ἀνεστενάχοντο γοῶντες· Ζεὺς δʼ Ἥρην προσέειπε κασιγνήτην ἄλοχόν τε·

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Zeus to Hera · divine

Lines 357–359

ἔπρηξας καὶ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη ἀνστήσασʼ Ἀχιλῆα πόδας ταχύν· ἦ ῥά νυ σεῖο ἐξ αὐτῆς ἐγένοντο κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί.

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Lines 360

Then made answer to him the ox-eyed, queenly Hera: Most dread son of Cronos, what a word hast thou said. Lo, even a man, I ween, is like to accomplish what he can for another man, one that is but mortal, and knoweth not all the wisdom that is mine. How then was I, that avow me to be highest of goddessesin twofold wise, for that I am eldest and am called thy wife, and thou art king among all the immortals—how was I not in my wrath against the Trojans to devise against them evil? On this wise spake they one to the other; but silver-footed Thetis came unto the house of Hephaestus,

τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη·

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Hera to Zeus · divine

Lines 361–367

in twofold wise, for that I am eldest and am called thy wife, and thou art king among all the immortals—how was I not in my wrath against the Trojans to devise against them evil?

αἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες. καὶ μὲν δή πού τις μέλλει βροτὸς ἀνδρὶ τελέσσαι, ὅς περ θνητός τʼ ἐστὶ καὶ οὐ τόσα μήδεα οἶδε· πῶς δὴ ἔγωγʼ, ἥ φημι θεάων ἔμμεν ἀρίστη, ἀμφότερον γενεῇ τε καὶ οὕνεκα σὴ παράκοιτις κέκλημαι, σὺ δὲ πᾶσι μετʼ ἀθανάτοισιν ἀνάσσεις, οὐκ ὄφελον Τρώεσσι κοτεσσαμένη κακὰ ῥάψαι;

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Lines 368–382

imperishable, decked with stars, preeminent among the houses of immortals, wrought all of bronze, that the crook-foot god himself had built him. Him she found sweating with toil as he moved to and fro about his bellows in eager haste; for he was fashioning tripods, twenty in all, to stand around the wall of his well-builded hall, and golden wheels had he set beneath the base of each that of themselves they might enter the gathering of the gods at his wish and again return to his house, a wonder to behold. Thus much were they fully wrought, that not yet were the cunningly fashioned ears set thereon; these was he making ready, and was forging the rivets. And while he laboured thereat with cunning skill, meanwhile there drew nigh to him the goddess, silver-footed Thetis. And Charis of the gleaming veil came forward and marked her—fair Charis, whom the famed god of the two strong arms had wedded. And she clasped her by the hand, and spake, and addressed her:

ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον· Ἡφαίστου δʼ ἵκανε δόμον Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα ἄφθιτον ἀστερόεντα μεταπρεπέʼ ἀθανάτοισι χάλκεον, ὅν ῥʼ αὐτὸς ποιήσατο κυλλοποδίων. τὸν δʼ εὗρʼ ἱδρώοντα ἑλισσόμενον περὶ φύσας σπεύδοντα· τρίποδας γὰρ ἐείκοσι πάντας ἔτευχεν ἑστάμεναι περὶ τοῖχον ἐϋσταθέος μεγάροιο, χρύσεα δέ σφʼ ὑπὸ κύκλα ἑκάστῳ πυθμένι θῆκεν, ὄφρά οἱ αὐτόματοι θεῖον δυσαίατʼ ἀγῶνα ἠδʼ αὖτις πρὸς δῶμα νεοίατο θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι. οἳ δʼ ἤτοι τόσσον μὲν ἔχον τέλος, οὔατα δʼ οὔ πω δαιδάλεα προσέκειτο· τά ῥʼ ἤρτυε, κόπτε δὲ δεσμούς. ὄφρʼ ὅ γε ταῦτʼ ἐπονεῖτο ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι, τόφρά οἱ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθε θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα. τὴν δὲ ἴδε προμολοῦσα Χάρις λιπαροκρήδεμνος

Lattimore commentary

The automatic tripods are almost allegories for the ease with which prestige goods, such as Hephaistos makes, take on a life of their own when circulating in a culture of gift-exchange through guest-friendship and inheritance. Their mobility is a striking contrast to their maker’s lameness.

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Lines 383–384

καλή, τὴν ὤπυιε περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις· ἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρὶ ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·

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Charis to Thetis · divine

Lines 385–387

Wherefore, long-robed Thetis, art thou come to our house, an honoured guest, and a welcome? Heretofore thou hast not been wont to come. But follow me further, that I may set before thee entertainment.

τίπτε Θέτι τανύπεπλε ἱκάνεις ἡμέτερον δῶ αἰδοίη τε φίλη τε; πάρος γε μὲν οὔ τι θαμίζεις. ἀλλʼ ἕπεο προτέρω, ἵνα τοι πὰρ ξείνια θείω.

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Lines 388–391

a beautiful chair, richly-wrought, and beneath was a footstool for the feet; and she called to Hephaestus, the famed craftsman, and spake to him, saying: Hephaestus, come forth hither; Thetis hath need of thee. And the famous god of the two strong arms answered her: Verily then a dread and honoured goddess is within my halls,even she that saved me when pain was come upon me after I had fallen afar through the will of my shameless mother, that was fain to hide me away by reason of my lameness. Then had I suffered woes in heart, had not Eurynome and Thetis received me into their bosom—Eurynome, daughter of backward-flowing Oceanus.With them then for nine years' space I forged much cunning handiwork, brooches, and spiral arm-bands, and rosettes and necklaces,319.1 within their hollow cave; and round about me flowed, murmuring with foam, the stream of Oceanus, a flood unspeakable. Neither did any other know thereof, either of gods or of mortal men,but Thetis knew and Eurynome, even they that saved me. And now is Thetis come to my house; wherefore it verily behoveth me to pay unto fair-tressed Thetis the full price for the saving of my life. But do thou set before her fair entertainment, while I put aside my bellows and all my tools.

ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα πρόσω ἄγε δῖα θεάων. τὴν μὲν ἔπειτα καθεῖσεν ἐπὶ θρόνου ἀργυροήλου καλοῦ δαιδαλέου· ὑπὸ δὲ θρῆνυς ποσὶν ἦεν· κέκλετο δʼ Ἥφαιστον κλυτοτέχνην εἶπέ τε μῦθον·

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Charis to Hephaestus · divine

Lines 392

Ἥφαιστε πρόμολʼ ὧδε· Θέτις νύ τι σεῖο χατίζει.

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Lines 393

τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις·

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Hephaestus to Charis · divine

Lines 394–409

even she that saved me when pain was come upon me after I had fallen afar through the will of my shameless mother, that was fain to hide me away by reason of my lameness. Then had I suffered woes in heart, had not Eurynome and Thetis received me into their bosom—Eurynome, daughter of backward-flowing Oceanus. With them then for nine years' space I forged much cunning handiwork, brooches, and spiral arm-bands, and rosettes and necklaces,319.1 within their hollow cave; and round about me flowed, murmuring with foam, the stream of Oceanus, a flood unspeakable. Neither did any other know thereof, either of gods or of mortal men, but Thetis knew and Eurynome, even they that saved me. And now is Thetis come to my house; wherefore it verily behoveth me to pay unto fair-tressed Thetis the full price for the saving of my life. But do thou set before her fair entertainment, while I put aside my bellows and all my tools.

ἦ ῥά νύ μοι δεινή τε καὶ αἰδοίη θεὸς ἔνδον, ἥ μʼ ἐσάωσʼ ὅτε μʼ ἄλγος ἀφίκετο τῆλε πεσόντα μητρὸς ἐμῆς ἰότητι κυνώπιδος, ἥ μʼ ἐθέλησε κρύψαι χωλὸν ἐόντα· τότʼ ἂν πάθον ἄλγεα θυμῷ, εἰ μή μʼ Εὐρυνόμη τε Θέτις θʼ ὑπεδέξατο κόλπῳ Εὐρυνόμη θυγάτηρ ἀψορρόου Ὠκεανοῖο. τῇσι παρʼ εἰνάετες χάλκευον δαίδαλα πολλά, πόρπας τε γναμπτάς θʼ ἕλικας κάλυκάς τε καὶ ὅρμους ἐν σπῆϊ γλαφυρῷ· περὶ δὲ ῥόος Ὠκεανοῖο ἀφρῷ μορμύρων ῥέεν ἄσπετος· οὐδέ τις ἄλλος ᾔδεεν οὔτε θεῶν οὔτε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλὰ Θέτις τε καὶ Εὐρυνόμη ἴσαν, αἵ μʼ ἐσάωσαν. ἣ νῦν ἡμέτερον δόμον ἵκει· τώ με μάλα χρεὼ πάντα Θέτι καλλιπλοκάμῳ ζῳάγρια τίνειν. ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν οἱ παράθες ξεινήϊα καλά, ὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγὼ φύσας ἀποθείομαι ὅπλά τε πάντα.

Lattimore commentary

Another fall from Olympos, different from that described earlier (1.590), which was caused by Zeus, not Hera. Although they seem on good terms, Hera, according to her son, has tried to eliminate him.

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algea pascho thumos

Lines 410–423

He spake, and from the anvil rose, a huge, panting319.2 bulk, halting the while, but beneath him his slender legs moved nimbly. The bellows he set away from the fire, and gathered all the tools wherewith he wrought into a silver chest; and with a sponge wiped he his face and his two hands withal, and his mighty neck and shaggy breast, and put upon him a tunic, and grasped a stout staff, and went forth halting; but there moved swiftly to support their lord handmaidens wrought of gold in the semblance of living maids. In them is understanding in their hearts, and in them speech and strength, and they know cunning handiwork by gift of the immortal gods. These busily moved to support their lord, and he, limping nigh to where Thetis was, sat him down upon a shining chair; and he clasped her by the hand, and spake, and addressed her: Wherefore, long-robed Thetis, art thou come to our house,an honoured guest and a welcome? Heretofore thou hast not been wont to come. Speak what is in thy mind; my heart bids me fulfill it, if fulfill it I can, and it is a thing that hath fulfillment.

ἦ, καὶ ἀπʼ ἀκμοθέτοιο πέλωρ αἴητον ἀνέστη χωλεύων· ὑπὸ δὲ κνῆμαι ῥώοντο ἀραιαί. φύσας μέν ῥʼ ἀπάνευθε τίθει πυρός, ὅπλά τε πάντα λάρνακʼ ἐς ἀργυρέην συλλέξατο, τοῖς ἐπονεῖτο· σπόγγῳ δʼ ἀμφὶ πρόσωπα καὶ ἄμφω χεῖρʼ ἀπομόργνυ αὐχένα τε στιβαρὸν καὶ στήθεα λαχνήεντα, δῦ δὲ χιτῶνʼ, ἕλε δὲ σκῆπτρον παχύ, βῆ δὲ θύραζε χωλεύων· ὑπὸ δʼ ἀμφίπολοι ῥώοντο ἄνακτι χρύσειαι ζωῇσι νεήνισιν εἰοικυῖαι. τῇς ἐν μὲν νόος ἐστὶ μετὰ φρεσίν, ἐν δὲ καὶ αὐδὴ καὶ σθένος, ἀθανάτων δὲ θεῶν ἄπο ἔργα ἴσασιν. αἳ μὲν ὕπαιθα ἄνακτος ἐποίπνυον· αὐτὰρ ὃ ἔρρων πλησίον, ἔνθα Θέτις περ, ἐπὶ θρόνου ἷζε φαεινοῦ, ἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρὶ ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·

Lattimore commentary

The golden robot maidens are described in terms similar to those used for Pandora (Hesiod, Works and Days, 70–82), gifted by all the gods with adornment and endowments.

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noos phren

Hephaestus to Thetis · divine

Lines 424–427

an honoured guest and a welcome? Heretofore thou hast not been wont to come. Speak what is in thy mind; my heart bids me fulfill it, if fulfill it I can, and it is a thing that hath fulfillment.

τίπτε Θέτι τανύπεπλε ἱκάνεις ἡμέτερον δῶ αἰδοίη τε φίλη τε; πάρος γε μὲν οὔ τι θαμίζεις. αὔδα ὅ τι φρονέεις· τελέσαι δέ με θυμὸς ἄνωγεν, εἰ δύναμαι τελέσαι γε καὶ εἰ τετελεσμένον ἐστίν.

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thumos

Lines 428

τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Θέτις κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσα·

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Thetis to Hephaestus · divine

Lines 429–461

that hath endured so many grievous woes in her heart as are the sorrows that Zeus, son of Cronos, hath given me beyond all others? Of all the daughters of the sea he subdued me alone to a mortal, even to Peleus, son of Aeacus, and I endured the bed of a mortal albeit sore against my will. And lo, he lieth in his halls fordone with grievous old age, but now other griefs are mine. A son he gave me to bear and to rear, pre-eminent among warriors, and he shot up like a sapling; then when I had reared him as a tree in a rich orchard plot, I sent him forth in the beaked ships to Ilios to war with the Trojans; but never again shall I welcome him back to his home, to the house of Peleus. And while yet he liveth, and beholdeth the light of the sun, he hath sorrow, nor can I any wise help him, though I go to him. The girl that the sons of the Achaeans chose out for him as a prize, her hath the lord Agamemnon taken back from out his arms. Verily in grief for her was he wasting his heart; but the Achaeans were the Trojans penning at the sterns of the ships, and would not suffer them to go forth. And to him the elders of the Argives made prayer, and named many glorious gifts. Then albeit he refused himself to ward from them ruin, yet clad he Patroclus in his own armour and sent him into the war, and added therewithal much people. All day long they fought around the Scaean gates, and on that selfsame day had laid the city waste, but that, after the valiant son of Menoetius had wrought sore harm, Apollo slew him amid the foremost fighters and gave glory to Hector. Therefore am I now come to thy knees, if so be thou wilt be minded to give my son, that is doomed to a speedy death, shield and helmet, and goodly greaves fitted with ankle-pieces, and corselet. For the harness that was his aforetime his trusty comrade lost, when he was slain by the Trojans; and my son lieth on the ground in anguish of heart.

Ἥφαιστʼ, ἦ ἄρα δή τις, ὅσαι θεαί εἰσʼ ἐν Ὀλύμπῳ, τοσσάδʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἀνέσχετο κήδεα λυγρὰ ὅσσʼ ἐμοὶ ἐκ πασέων Κρονίδης Ζεὺς ἄλγεʼ ἔδωκεν; ἐκ μέν μʼ ἀλλάων ἁλιάων ἀνδρὶ δάμασσεν Αἰακίδῃ Πηλῆϊ, καὶ ἔτλην ἀνέρος εὐνὴν πολλὰ μάλʼ οὐκ ἐθέλουσα. ὃ μὲν δὴ γήραϊ λυγρῷ κεῖται ἐνὶ μεγάροις ἀρημένος, ἄλλα δέ μοι νῦν· υἱὸν ἐπεί μοι δῶκε γενέσθαί τε τραφέμεν τε ἔξοχον ἡρώων· ὃ δʼ ἀνέδραμεν ἔρνεϊ ἶσος· τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ θρέψασα φυτὸν ὣς γουνῷ ἀλωῆς νηυσὶν ἐπιπροέηκα κορωνίσιν Ἴλιον εἴσω Τρωσὶ μαχησόμενον· τὸν δʼ οὐχ ὑποδέξομαι αὖτις οἴκαδε νοστήσαντα δόμον Πηλήϊον εἴσω. ὄφρα δέ μοι ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φάος ἠελίοιο ἄχνυται, οὐδέ τί οἱ δύναμαι χραισμῆσαι ἰοῦσα. κούρην ἣν ἄρα οἱ γέρας ἔξελον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν, τὴν ἂψ ἐκ χειρῶν ἕλετο κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων. ἤτοι ὃ τῆς ἀχέων φρένας ἔφθιεν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς Τρῶες ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσιν ἐείλεον, οὐδὲ θύραζε εἴων ἐξιέναι· τὸν δὲ λίσσοντο γέροντες Ἀργείων, καὶ πολλὰ περικλυτὰ δῶρʼ ὀνόμαζον. ἔνθʼ αὐτὸς μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἠναίνετο λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι, αὐτὰρ ὃ Πάτροκλον περὶ μὲν τὰ ἃ τεύχεα ἕσσε, πέμπε δέ μιν πόλεμον δέ, πολὺν δʼ ἅμα λαὸν ὄπασσε. πᾶν δʼ ἦμαρ μάρναντο περὶ Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσι· καί νύ κεν αὐτῆμαρ πόλιν ἔπραθον, εἰ μὴ Ἀπόλλων πολλὰ κακὰ ῥέξαντα Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμον υἱὸν ἔκτανʼ ἐνὶ προμάχοισι καὶ Ἕκτορι κῦδος ἔδωκε. τοὔνεκα νῦν τὰ σὰ γούναθʼ ἱκάνομαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα υἱεῖ ἐμῷ ὠκυμόρῳ δόμεν ἀσπίδα καὶ τρυφάλειαν καὶ καλὰς κνημῖδας ἐπισφυρίοις ἀραρυίας καὶ θώρηχʼ· ὃ γὰρ ἦν οἱ ἀπώλεσε πιστὸς ἑταῖρος Τρωσὶ δαμείς· ὃ δὲ κεῖται ἐπὶ χθονὶ θυμὸν ἀχεύων.

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algea nostos phren thumos tlao

Lines 462

τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις·

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Hephaestus to Thetis · divine

Lines 463–467

when dread fate cometh upon him, as verily goodly armour shall be his, such that in aftertime many a one among the multitude of men shall marvel, whosoever shall behold it.

θάρσει· μή τοι ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι μελόντων. αἲ γάρ μιν θανάτοιο δυσηχέος ὧδε δυναίμην νόσφιν ἀποκρύψαι, ὅτε μιν μόρος αἰνὸς ἱκάνοι, ὥς οἱ τεύχεα καλὰ παρέσσεται, οἷά τις αὖτε ἀνθρώπων πολέων θαυμάσσεται, ὅς κεν ἴδηται.

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phren

Lines 468–482

And the bellows, twenty in all, blew upon the melting-vats, sending forth a ready blast of every force, now to further him as he laboured hard, and again in whatsoever way Hephaestus might wish and his work go on. And on the fire he put stubborn bronze and tin and precious gold and silver; and thereafter he set on the anvil-block a great anvil, and took in one hand a massive hammer, and in the other took he the tongs. First fashioned he a shield, great and sturdy, adorning it cunningly in every part, and round about it set a bright rim, threefold and glittering, and therefrom made fast a silver baldric. Five were the layers of the shield itself; and on it he wrought many curious devices with cunning skill. Therein he wrought the earth, therein the heavens therein the sea, and the unwearied sun, and the moon at the full,

ὣς εἰπὼν τὴν μὲν λίπεν αὐτοῦ, βῆ δʼ ἐπὶ φύσας· τὰς δʼ ἐς πῦρ ἔτρεψε κέλευσέ τε ἐργάζεσθαι. φῦσαι δʼ ἐν χοάνοισιν ἐείκοσι πᾶσαι ἐφύσων παντοίην εὔπρηστον ἀϋτμὴν ἐξανιεῖσαι, ἄλλοτε μὲν σπεύδοντι παρέμμεναι, ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖτε, ὅππως Ἥφαιστός τʼ ἐθέλοι καὶ ἔργον ἄνοιτο. χαλκὸν δʼ ἐν πυρὶ βάλλεν ἀτειρέα κασσίτερόν τε καὶ χρυσὸν τιμῆντα καὶ ἄργυρον· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα θῆκεν ἐν ἀκμοθέτῳ μέγαν ἄκμονα, γέντο δὲ χειρὶ ῥαιστῆρα κρατερήν, ἑτέρηφι δὲ γέντο πυράγρην. ποίει δὲ πρώτιστα σάκος μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε πάντοσε δαιδάλλων, περὶ δʼ ἄντυγα βάλλε φαεινὴν τρίπλακα μαρμαρέην, ἐκ δʼ ἀργύρεον τελαμῶνα. πέντε δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτοῦ ἔσαν σάκεος πτύχες· αὐτὰρ ἐν αὐτῷ ποίει δαίδαλα πολλὰ ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσιν.

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Lines 483–497

and therein all the constellations wherewith heaven is crowned—the Pleiades, and the Hyades and the mighty Orion, and the Bear, that men call also the Wain, that circleth ever in her place, and watcheth Orion, and alone hath no part in the baths of Ocean. Therein fashioned he also two cities of mortal men exceeding fair. In the one there were marriages and feastings, and by the light of the blazing torches they were leading the brides from their bowers through the city, and loud rose the bridal song. And young men were whirling in the dance, and in their midst flutes and lyres sounded continually; and there the women stood each before her door and marvelled. But the folk were gathered in the place of assembly; for there a strife had arisen, and two men were striving about the blood-price of a man slain; the one avowed that he had paid all,

ἐν μὲν γαῖαν ἔτευξʼ, ἐν δʼ οὐρανόν, ἐν δὲ θάλασσαν, ἠέλιόν τʼ ἀκάμαντα σελήνην τε πλήθουσαν, ἐν δὲ τὰ τείρεα πάντα, τά τʼ οὐρανὸς ἐστεφάνωται, Πληϊάδας θʼ Ὑάδας τε τό τε σθένος Ὠρίωνος Ἄρκτόν θʼ, ἣν καὶ Ἄμαξαν ἐπίκλησιν καλέουσιν, ἥ τʼ αὐτοῦ στρέφεται καί τʼ Ὠρίωνα δοκεύει, οἴη δʼ ἄμμορός ἐστι λοετρῶν Ὠκεανοῖο. ἐν δὲ δύω ποίησε πόλεις μερόπων ἀνθρώπων καλάς. ἐν τῇ μέν ῥα γάμοι τʼ ἔσαν εἰλαπίναι τε, νύμφας δʼ ἐκ θαλάμων δαΐδων ὕπο λαμπομενάων ἠγίνεον ἀνὰ ἄστυ, πολὺς δʼ ὑμέναιος ὀρώρει· κοῦροι δʼ ὀρχηστῆρες ἐδίνεον, ἐν δʼ ἄρα τοῖσιν αὐλοὶ φόρμιγγές τε βοὴν ἔχον· αἳ δὲ γυναῖκες ἱστάμεναι θαύμαζον ἐπὶ προθύροισιν ἑκάστη. λαοὶ δʼ εἰν ἀγορῇ ἔσαν ἀθρόοι· ἔνθα δὲ νεῖκος

Lattimore commentary

Archaeologists have not discovered anything as elaborate as this shield. The closest parallels are silver plates from Phoenicia and bronze shields from Crete (possibly imports from Asia Minor), both types having several concentric illustrated bands. The basic aesthetic principles—that big is beautiful, that the cosmos can be imitated in one epic work—apply to the Iliad as a whole. The divine craftsman stands in for the poet himself. It is worth noting, however, that Zenodotus, an early Homeric critic in Alexandria (third century BC), rejected the entire description as non-Homeric. The city at peace, along with its harmonies of music and marriage, also contains disputes, but has a legal framework to deal with them. The issue at law—whether to accept a blood price or demand a death in return—echoes the choice of Achilleus (to take compensation for being dishonored or let his companions die).

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Lines 498–512

declaring his cause to the people, but the other refused to accept aught;325.1 and each was fain to win the issue on the word of a daysman. Moreover, the folk were cheering both, shewing favour to this side and to that. And heralds held back the folk, and the elders were sitting upon polished stones in the sacred circle, holding in their hands the staves of the loud-voiced heralds. Therewith then would they spring up and give judgment, each in turn. And in the midst lay two talents of gold, to be given to him whoso among them should utter the most righteous judgment. But around the other city lay in leaguer two hosts of warriors gleaming in armour. And twofold plans found favour with them, either to lay waste the town or to divide in portions twain all the substance that the lovely city contained within.327.1 Howbeit the besieged would nowise hearken thereto, but were arming to meet the foe in an ambush. The wall were their dear wives and little children guarding,

ὠρώρει, δύο δʼ ἄνδρες ἐνείκεον εἵνεκα ποινῆς ἀνδρὸς ἀποφθιμένου· ὃ μὲν εὔχετο πάντʼ ἀποδοῦναι δήμῳ πιφαύσκων, ὃ δʼ ἀναίνετο μηδὲν ἑλέσθαι· ἄμφω δʼ ἱέσθην ἐπὶ ἴστορι πεῖραρ ἑλέσθαι. λαοὶ δʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν ἐπήπυον ἀμφὶς ἀρωγοί· κήρυκες δʼ ἄρα λαὸν ἐρήτυον· οἳ δὲ γέροντες εἵατʼ ἐπὶ ξεστοῖσι λίθοις ἱερῷ ἐνὶ κύκλῳ, σκῆπτρα δὲ κηρύκων ἐν χέρσʼ ἔχον ἠεροφώνων· τοῖσιν ἔπειτʼ ἤϊσσον, ἀμοιβηδὶς δὲ δίκαζον. κεῖτο δʼ ἄρʼ ἐν μέσσοισι δύω χρυσοῖο τάλαντα, τῷ δόμεν ὃς μετὰ τοῖσι δίκην ἰθύντατα εἴποι. τὴν δʼ ἑτέρην πόλιν ἀμφὶ δύω στρατοὶ ἥατο λαῶν τεύχεσι λαμπόμενοι· δίχα δέ σφισιν ἥνδανε βουλή, ἠὲ διαπραθέειν ἢ ἄνδιχα πάντα δάσασθαι κτῆσιν ὅσην πτολίεθρον ἐπήρατον ἐντὸς ἔεργεν·

Lattimore commentary

The city at war is, like Troy, under siege, with the attacking army undecided as to whether it should take a ransom (half the city’s goods) or sack the entire place. Unlike Troy, the besieged have planned a foray outside in the form of an ambush, and unlike in the Iliad, Ares is on the same side as Athene (516).

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Lines 513–527

as they stood thereon, and therewithal the men that were holden of old age; but the rest were faring forth, led of Ares and Pallas Athene, both fashioned in gold, and of gold was the raiment wherewith they were clad. Goodly were they and tall in their harness, as beseemeth gods, clear to view amid the rest, and the folk at their feet were smaller. But when they were come to the place where it seemed good unto them to set their ambush, in a river-bed where was a watering-place for all herds alike, there they sate them down, clothed about with flaming bronze. Thereafter were two scouts set by them apart from the host, waiting till they should have sight of the sheep and sleek cattle. And these came presently, and two herdsmen followed with them playing upon pipes; and of the guile wist they not at all.

οἳ δʼ οὔ πω πείθοντο, λόχῳ δʼ ὑπεθωρήσσοντο. τεῖχος μέν ῥʼ ἄλοχοί τε φίλαι καὶ νήπια τέκνα ῥύατʼ ἐφεσταότες, μετὰ δʼ ἀνέρες οὓς ἔχε γῆρας· οἳ δʼ ἴσαν· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρά σφιν Ἄρης καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη ἄμφω χρυσείω, χρύσεια δὲ εἵματα ἕσθην, καλὼ καὶ μεγάλω σὺν τεύχεσιν, ὥς τε θεώ περ ἀμφὶς ἀριζήλω· λαοὶ δʼ ὑπολίζονες ἦσαν. οἳ δʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἵκανον ὅθι σφίσιν εἶκε λοχῆσαι ἐν ποταμῷ, ὅθι τʼ ἀρδμὸς ἔην πάντεσσι βοτοῖσιν, ἔνθʼ ἄρα τοί γʼ ἵζοντʼ εἰλυμένοι αἴθοπι χαλκῷ. τοῖσι δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀπάνευθε δύω σκοποὶ εἵατο λαῶν δέγμενοι ὁππότε μῆλα ἰδοίατο καὶ ἕλικας βοῦς. οἳ δὲ τάχα προγένοντο, δύω δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο νομῆες τερπόμενοι σύριγξι· δόλον δʼ οὔ τι προνόησαν. οἳ μὲν τὰ προϊδόντες ἐπέδραμον, ὦκα δʼ ἔπειτα

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peitho

Lines 528–542

But the besiegers, as they sat before the places of gathering329.1 and heard much tumult among the kine, mounted forthwith behind their high-stepping horses, and set out thitherward, and speedily came upon them. Then set they their battle in array and fought beside the river banks, and were ever smiting one another with bronze-tipped spears. And amid them Strife and Tumult joined in the fray, and deadly Fate, grasping one man alive, fresh-wounded, another without a wound, and another she dragged dead through the mellay by the feet; and the raiment that she had about her shoulders was red with the blood of men. Even as living mortals joined they in the fray and fought; and they were haling away each the bodies of the others' slain. Therein he set also soft fallow-land, rich tilth and wide, that was three times ploughed; and ploughers full many therein were wheeling their yokes and driving them this way and that. And whensoever after turning they came to the headland of the field,

τάμνοντʼ ἀμφὶ βοῶν ἀγέλας καὶ πώεα καλὰ ἀργεννέων οἰῶν, κτεῖνον δʼ ἐπὶ μηλοβοτῆρας. οἳ δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐπύθοντο πολὺν κέλαδον παρὰ βουσὶν εἰράων προπάροιθε καθήμενοι, αὐτίκʼ ἐφʼ ἵππων βάντες ἀερσιπόδων μετεκίαθον, αἶψα δʼ ἵκοντο. στησάμενοι δʼ ἐμάχοντο μάχην ποταμοῖο παρʼ ὄχθας, βάλλον δʼ ἀλλήλους χαλκήρεσιν ἐγχείῃσιν. ἐν δʼ Ἔρις ἐν δὲ Κυδοιμὸς ὁμίλεον, ἐν δʼ ὀλοὴ Κήρ, ἄλλον ζωὸν ἔχουσα νεούτατον, ἄλλον ἄουτον, ἄλλον τεθνηῶτα κατὰ μόθον ἕλκε ποδοῖιν· εἷμα δʼ ἔχʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισι δαφοινεὸν αἵματι φωτῶν. ὡμίλευν δʼ ὥς τε ζωοὶ βροτοὶ ἠδʼ ἐμάχοντο, νεκρούς τʼ ἀλλήλων ἔρυον κατατεθνηῶτας. ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει νειὸν μαλακὴν πίειραν ἄρουραν εὐρεῖαν τρίπολον· πολλοὶ δʼ ἀροτῆρες ἐν αὐτῇ

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Lines 543–557

then would a man come forth to each and give into his hands a cup of honey-sweet wine; and the ploughmen would turn them in the furrows, eager to reach the headland of the deep tilth. And the field grew black behind and seemed verily as it had been ploughed, for all that it was of gold; herein was the great marvel of the work. Therein he set also a king's demesne-land, wherein labourers were reaping, bearing sharp sickles in their hands. Some handfuls were falling in rows to the ground along the swathe, while others the binders of sheaves were binding with twisted ropes of straw. Three binders stood hard by them, while behind them boys would gather the handfuls, and bearing them in their arms would busily give them to the binders; and among them the king, staff in hand, was standing in silence at the swathe, joying in his heart. And heralds apart beneath an oak were making ready a feast, and were dressing a great ox they had slain for sacrifice; and the women

ζεύγεα δινεύοντες ἐλάστρεον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα. οἳ δʼ ὁπότε στρέψαντες ἱκοίατο τέλσον ἀρούρης, τοῖσι δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἐν χερσὶ δέπας μελιηδέος οἴνου δόσκεν ἀνὴρ ἐπιών· τοὶ δὲ στρέψασκον ἀνʼ ὄγμους, ἱέμενοι νειοῖο βαθείης τέλσον ἱκέσθαι. ἣ δὲ μελαίνετʼ ὄπισθεν, ἀρηρομένῃ δὲ ἐῴκει, χρυσείη περ ἐοῦσα· τὸ δὴ περὶ θαῦμα τέτυκτο. ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει τέμενος βασιλήϊον· ἔνθα δʼ ἔριθοι ἤμων ὀξείας δρεπάνας ἐν χερσὶν ἔχοντες. δράγματα δʼ ἄλλα μετʼ ὄγμον ἐπήτριμα πῖπτον ἔραζε, ἄλλα δʼ ἀμαλλοδετῆρες ἐν ἐλλεδανοῖσι δέοντο. τρεῖς δʼ ἄρʼ ἀμαλλοδετῆρες ἐφέστασαν· αὐτὰρ ὄπισθε παῖδες δραγμεύοντες ἐν ἀγκαλίδεσσι φέροντες ἀσπερχὲς πάρεχον· βασιλεὺς δʼ ἐν τοῖσι σιωπῇ σκῆπτρον ἔχων ἑστήκει ἐπʼ ὄγμου γηθόσυνος κῆρ.

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kradie

Lines 558–572

sprinkled the flesh with white barley in abundance, for the workers' mid-day meal. and one single path led thereto, whereby the vintagers went and came, whensoever they gathered the vintage. And maidens and youths in childish glee were bearing the honey-sweet fruit in wicker baskets. And in their midst a boy made pleasant music with a clear-toned lyre, and thereto sang sweetly the Linos-song331.1 with his delicate voice; and his fellows beating the earth in unison therewith followed on with bounding feet mid dance and shoutings. And therein he wrought a herd of straight-horned kine: the kine were fashioned of gold and tin,

κήρυκες δʼ ἀπάνευθεν ὑπὸ δρυῒ δαῖτα πένοντο, βοῦν δʼ ἱερεύσαντες μέγαν ἄμφεπον· αἳ δὲ γυναῖκες δεῖπνον ἐρίθοισιν λεύκʼ ἄλφιτα πολλὰ πάλυνον. ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει σταφυλῇσι μέγα βρίθουσαν ἀλωὴν καλὴν χρυσείην· μέλανες δʼ ἀνὰ βότρυες ἦσαν, ἑστήκει δὲ κάμαξι διαμπερὲς ἀργυρέῃσιν. ἀμφὶ δὲ κυανέην κάπετον, περὶ δʼ ἕρκος ἔλασσε κασσιτέρου· μία δʼ οἴη ἀταρπιτὸς ἦεν ἐπʼ αὐτήν, τῇ νίσοντο φορῆες ὅτε τρυγόῳεν ἀλωήν. παρθενικαὶ δὲ καὶ ἠΐθεοι ἀταλὰ φρονέοντες πλεκτοῖς ἐν ταλάροισι φέρον μελιηδέα καρπόν. τοῖσιν δʼ ἐν μέσσοισι πάϊς φόρμιγγι λιγείῃ ἱμερόεν κιθάριζε, λίνον δʼ ὑπὸ καλὸν ἄειδε λεπταλέῃ φωνῇ· τοὶ δὲ ῥήσσοντες ἁμαρτῇ μολπῇ τʼ ἰυγμῷ τε ποσὶ σκαίροντες ἕποντο.

Lattimore commentary

The Linos song was a lament for one who died Jung, perhaps because he rivaled Apollo. The story has Near Eastern parallels in worship of, for instance, Adonis. In modern Greek folk custom, stylized laments are still used as work songs.

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Lines 573–587

and with lowing hasted they forth from byre to pasture beside the sounding river, beside the waving reed. And golden were the herdsmen that walked beside the kine, four in number, and nine dogs swift of foot followed after them. But two dread lions amid the foremost kine were holding a loud-lowing bull, and he, bellowing mightily, was haled of them, while after him pursued the dogs and young men. The lions twain had rent the hide of the great bull, and were devouring the inward parts and the black blood, while the herdsmen vainly sought to fright them, tarring on the swift hounds. Howbeit these shrank from fastening on the lions, but stood hard by and barked and sprang aside. Therein also the famed god of the two strong arms wrought a pasture in a fair dell, a great pasture of white-fleeced sheep, and folds, and roofed huts, and pens.

ἐν δʼ ἀγέλην ποίησε βοῶν ὀρθοκραιράων· αἳ δὲ βόες χρυσοῖο τετεύχατο κασσιτέρου τε, μυκηθμῷ δʼ ἀπὸ κόπρου ἐπεσσεύοντο νομὸν δὲ πὰρ ποταμὸν κελάδοντα, παρὰ ῥοδανὸν δονακῆα. χρύσειοι δὲ νομῆες ἅμʼ ἐστιχόωντο βόεσσι τέσσαρες, ἐννέα δέ σφι κύνες πόδας ἀργοὶ ἕποντο. σμερδαλέω δὲ λέοντε δύʼ ἐν πρώτῃσι βόεσσι ταῦρον ἐρύγμηλον ἐχέτην· ὃ δὲ μακρὰ μεμυκὼς ἕλκετο· τὸν δὲ κύνες μετεκίαθον ἠδʼ αἰζηοί. τὼ μὲν ἀναρρήξαντε βοὸς μεγάλοιο βοείην ἔγκατα καὶ μέλαν αἷμα λαφύσσετον· οἳ δὲ νομῆες αὔτως ἐνδίεσαν ταχέας κύνας ὀτρύνοντες. οἳ δʼ ἤτοι δακέειν μὲν ἀπετρωπῶντο λεόντων, ἱστάμενοι δὲ μάλʼ ἐγγὺς ὑλάκτεον ἔκ τʼ ἀλέοντο. ἐν δὲ νομὸν ποίησε περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις

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Lines 588–602

Therein furthermore the famed god of the two strong arms cunningly wrought a dancing-floor like unto that which in wide Cnosus Daedalus fashioned of old for fair-tressed Ariadne. There were youths dancing and maidens of the price of many cattle, holding their hands upon the wrists one of the other. Of these the maidens were clad in fine linen, while the youths wore well-woven tunics faintly glistening with oil; and the maidens had fair chaplets, and the youths had daggers of gold hanging from silver baldrics. Now would they run round with cunning feet exceeding lightly, as when a potter sitteth by his wheel that is fitted between his hands and maketh trial of it whether it will run; and now again would they run in rows toward each other. And a great company stood around the lovely dance, taking joy therein;

ἐν καλῇ βήσσῃ μέγαν οἰῶν ἀργεννάων, σταθμούς τε κλισίας τε κατηρεφέας ἰδὲ σηκούς. ἐν δὲ χορὸν ποίκιλλε περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις, τῷ ἴκελον οἷόν ποτʼ ἐνὶ Κνωσῷ εὐρείῃ Δαίδαλος ἤσκησεν καλλιπλοκάμῳ Ἀριάδνῃ. ἔνθα μὲν ἠΐθεοι καὶ παρθένοι ἀλφεσίβοιαι ὀρχεῦντʼ ἀλλήλων ἐπὶ καρπῷ χεῖρας ἔχοντες. τῶν δʼ αἳ μὲν λεπτὰς ὀθόνας ἔχον, οἳ δὲ χιτῶνας εἵατʼ ἐϋννήτους, ἦκα στίλβοντας ἐλαίῳ· καί ῥʼ αἳ μὲν καλὰς στεφάνας ἔχον, οἳ δὲ μαχαίρας εἶχον χρυσείας ἐξ ἀργυρέων τελαμώνων. οἳ δʼ ὁτὲ μὲν θρέξασκον ἐπισταμένοισι πόδεσσι ῥεῖα μάλʼ, ὡς ὅτε τις τροχὸν ἄρμενον ἐν παλάμῃσιν ἑζόμενος κεραμεὺς πειρήσεται, αἴ κε θέῃσιν· ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖ θρέξασκον ἐπὶ στίχας ἀλλήλοισι.

Lattimore commentary

Pastoral and agricultural scenes are capped by the dance, itself modeled on what the ultimate mythical artificer, Daidalos, made at Knossos in Crete (home of Minos and the labyrinth). The intricate and rapid motions of the dance are described by yet another craft image.

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Lines 603–617

and two tumblers whirled up and down through the midst of them as leaders in the dance. Therein he set also the great might of the river Oceanus, around the uttermost rim of the strongly-wrought shield. But when he had wrought the shield, great and sturdy, then wrought he for him a corselet brighter than the blaze of fire, and he wrought for him a heavy helmet, fitted to his temples, a fair helm, richly-dight, and set thereon a crest of gold; and he wrought him greaves of pliant tin. But when the glorious god of the two strong arms had fashioned all the armour, he took and laid it before the mother of Achilles. And like a falcon she sprang down from snowy Olympus, bearing the flashing armour from Hephaestus.

πολλὸς δʼ ἱμερόεντα χορὸν περιίσταθʼ ὅμιλος τερπόμενοι· μετὰ δέ σφιν ἐμέλπετο θεῖος ἀοιδὸς φορμίζων· δοιὼ δὲ κυβιστητῆρε κατ' αὐτοὺς μολπῆς ἐξάρχοντες ἐδίνευον κατὰ μέσσους. ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει ποταμοῖο μέγα σθένος Ὠκεανοῖο ἄντυγα πὰρ πυμάτην σάκεος πύκα ποιητοῖο. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τεῦξε σάκος μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε, τεῦξʼ ἄρα οἱ θώρηκα φαεινότερον πυρὸς αὐγῆς, τεῦξε δέ οἱ κόρυθα βριαρὴν κροτάφοις ἀραρυῖαν καλὴν δαιδαλέην, ἐπὶ δὲ χρύσεον λόφον ἧκε, τεῦξε δέ οἱ κνημῖδας ἑανοῦ κασσιτέροιο. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πάνθʼ ὅπλα κάμε κλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις, μητρὸς Ἀχιλλῆος θῆκε προπάροιθεν ἀείρας. ἣ δʼ ἴρηξ ὣς ἆλτο κατʼ Οὐλύμπου νιφόεντος τεύχεα μαρμαίροντα παρʼ Ἡφαίστοιο φέρουσα.

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