# Rudolf Ritsema

Dutch Jungian scholar and director of Eranos Foundation who produced foundational I Ching translations bridging East-West depth psychology.

**Lived:** 1918–2006 (b. Velp, Gelderland, Netherlands)
**Nationality:** Dutch
**Training:** University of Geneva (self-directed study in Jungian psychology, Tibetan Buddhism, French and German literature); psychoanalysis under Alwine von Keller (1944)
**Affiliation:** Fondazione Eranos (director and editor of Eranos-Jahrbuch, 1962–1990s); Jungian depth psychology tradition

## Key works

- *I Ching: The Classic Chinese Oracle of Change: The First Complete Translation with Concordance* (1994)
- *I ching: il libro della versatilità* (1997)
- *Yi-jing: das Buch der Wandlungen* (2000)
- *The Original I Ching Oracle: The Pure and Complete Texts with Concordance* (2005)
- *The Ethic of the Image* (1993)