# Otto Rank

Austrian psychoanalyst who broke with Freud over birth trauma theory and pioneered relationship-centered, existential-humanistic therapy.

**Lived:** 1884–1939 (b. Vienna, Austria)
**Nationality:** Austrian
**Training:** Doctorate in literature, University of Vienna, 1912
**Affiliation:** Vienna Psychoanalytic Society; Freud's inner circle; later independent practitioner in Paris and New York

## Key works

- *The Myth of the Birth of the Hero* (1909)
- *The Trauma of Birth* (1924)
- *Art and Artist: Creative Urge and Personality Development* (1932)
- *The Double*