# Francine Shapiro

American psychologist who developed Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a controversial exposure-based psychotherapy for trauma.

**Lived:** 1948–2019 (b. East New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA)
**Nationality:** American
**Training:** PhD in English Literature (New York University, 1988); training in Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP)
**Affiliation:** Mental Research Institute, Palo Alto; EMDR Institute, Watsonville; EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs

## Key works

- *Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures* (2001)
- *Getting Past Your Past: Take Control of Your Life with Self-Help Techniques from EMDR Therapy* (2012)
- *EMDR as an Integrative Psychotherapy Approach: Experts of Diverse Orientations Explore the Paradigm Prism* (2002)
- *Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy, Third Edition: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures* (2017)
- *EMDR: The Breakthrough Therapy for Overcoming Anxiety, Stress and Trauma* (2004)